WO2018065586A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum binden von staub - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum binden von staub Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018065586A1 WO2018065586A1 PCT/EP2017/075501 EP2017075501W WO2018065586A1 WO 2018065586 A1 WO2018065586 A1 WO 2018065586A1 EP 2017075501 W EP2017075501 W EP 2017075501W WO 2018065586 A1 WO2018065586 A1 WO 2018065586A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- pressure
- line
- pump
- dust
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/02—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery
- B05B12/04—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery for sequential operation or multiple outlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
- B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
- B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
- B05B9/0403—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
- B05B9/0423—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material for supplying liquid or other fluent material to several spraying apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for binding dust.
- DE 297 18 708 U1 or EP 0 908 215 A2 discloses a device for binding or precipitation of dust. This device is similar to a snow gun with an air nozzle, in which air is accelerated by means of a propeller or a blade formed. In an air jet formed thereby, liquid is sprayed through one or more nozzles. The liquid is thus transported in finely divided form from the air steel. With this device, large amounts of water can be distributed over a large area.
- German Utility Model DE 1 668 644 U discloses an apparatus for knocking down dust from gases in which fine particle vapor is used to envelop the dust particles.
- WO 2014/01931 A1 another nozzle for spraying water is disclosed in order to remove dust from mining machines and to cool them.
- the water is distributed as finely as possible by means of a stream of air.
- DE 915 203 B describes a further method and another device for depositing dust.
- nozzles are provided to which in each case a partial stream of a mixture of air and liquid is branched off. With each branch, the mixing ratio between air and liquid is changed. This is specifically used to vary along the pipe system, the exiting mixture ratio of mist in drizzle.
- EP 0 950 796 A1 describes a spray system for depositing dust, in which an air jet is mixed with water at one or more mixing nozzles.
- the mixing nozzles are arranged as close as possible to the Staubentste- hungsstellen.
- DE 23 35 861 A1 discloses a device for introducing slightly dusty bulk material is described in a round silo.
- the bulk material is wetted when fed into the silo by means of a dust binder by being sprayed with the dust binder.
- the dust binder is water with the addition of a water surface relaxing substance.
- DE 1 815 543 relates to a device for depositing dust in the cutting and peeling coal production.
- the immediate place of dust formation and its immediate surroundings should always be covered with a water curtain.
- a mining machine is always in the range of a nozzle group, from which it is covered with a water curtain.
- DE 41 31 75 A1 discloses a planing alley distress system, in which a planing alley can be sprayed with a plurality of nozzles.
- This spraying system is distinguished by the fact that the nozzles assigned to an expansion rack can be fed in via a separate switching valve and a plurality of spray zones of variable size can be formed. This is to achieve optimum adaptation of the spray zone to the respective conditions with a reduction in water consumption, since only so many nozzles are switched on or fed in, as is necessary for the greatest possible dust retention.
- DE 1 795 744 U discloses a device for depositing the dust suspended in the air, which has a washer with which the air containing the dust is sucked in and sprayed with water within the washer, so that the dust is bound.
- AT 512 490 A1 describes a high-pressure mist system which can be used inter alia for binding dust.
- humid water mist is to be generated.
- Water, especially drinking water, is supplied at a pressure of about 70 - 100 bar nebulization at which the water is sprayed.
- switchable valves By means of switchable valves, multiple zones can be provided, which are acted upon independently with fog.
- DE 34 41 386 A1 discloses a method for depositing dust, in which a foam gun is used, with which foam is provided for binding the dust.
- WO 2008/082316 A2 and WO 2008/020773 A1 each show spray nozzles with which water is atomized. These spray nozzles are intended primarily for different purposes in mining. Among other things, dust conditions are to be controlled.
- WO 201 1/095463 A2 discloses a spray nozzle unit, in particular for spraying explosive areas in underground mining and for use in Ultra Higspeed Fire Suppression Systems with response times of less than 50 ms.
- This spray nozzle unit comprises a nozzle body having a nozzle opening for ejecting spray liquid.
- US 2007/0125558 A1 discloses an apparatus for binding dust.
- This device comprises a reservoir for binders, wherein by means of an optical sensor pumps are driven to convey binder from the binder reservoir and deliver accordingly. In this case, it is provided in particular to pump off binder from the storage container by means of the pump or the pumps and deliver it via the corresponding nozzles.
- WO 2014/161023 A1 discloses a dust-binding device for containers. According to this device, it is provided to convey binders from an external storage container and to deliver them via a corresponding line system by means of pumps into a container above a dusting medium, in order to bind the dust in this way.
- DE 20 2015 104 984 U1 discloses a device for removing suspended dust, in particular fine dust, from the ambient air of a traffic infrastructure. This device comprises z. B. a spraying device with a pressure generating device for providing a pressure difference. The spray device presses or sucks liquid solvent from an intermediate container, which is fed via a supply line, not shown.
- DE 75 35 462 U discloses a control device for the switching operation of spray nozzles for depositing dust in mining extraction operations.
- spray nozzles are provided, the z. B. by means of a lever individually or in groups by means of appropriate switching valves and are switched off.
- a control unit can be used to remotely control the switching valves by means of appropriate switching elements.
- the spray nozzles should be controlled so that the dust regardless of the respective driving speed of a mining machine directly at the point of origin, d. H. in the work area of the mining machine.
- DE 18 15 543 A discloses a device for depositing dust. It is intended to combine a plurality of nozzles into jointly operable groups such that the respective group areas overlap each other to operate the nozzle group within which the extraction device is located in order to deposit the dust generated by the extraction device.
- US Pat. No. 2,722,456 A discloses a spraying device.
- This spraying device comprises a reservoir.
- a pump is connected via a line to promote a spray medium from the reservoir.
- the pump can be designed as a gear pump.
- a line is connected to the pump, are arranged at the plurality of nozzles for dispensing the spray medium.
- a valve is provided to control the dispensing of the spray medium. By means of a further valve, the volume flow of the pumped from the reservoir spray medium can be adjusted.
- the spray medium 14 is conveyed to the nozzles by means of a pressure generated by the pump.
- the pump is designed as a gear pump.
- branches of the line another line in the Reservoir connected to the appropriate nozzles are connected to agitate the spray medium, mix and stir.
- a movable storage device comprises a pressure vessel, which has means for exerting compressive forces on water stored in the pressure vessel.
- the means for exerting compressive forces can be formed in the pressure vessel itself or on the pressure vessel, for example by a pressure surge tank.
- the pressure vessel has a deformable membrane which divides the pressure vessel into a lower chamber and an upper chamber.
- the lower chamber is filled with water via a line and then reduces the upper chamber in which a coil spring is arranged to pressurize the membrane.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide can be kept as a compressible pressure medium in the chamber.
- a dispensing fitting is directed to the area to be watered and opened.
- a spray nozzle with an upstream actuating valve 32 is provided for dispensing.
- DE 75 35 462 U discloses a control device for the switching operation of spray nozzles for depositing the dust in mining extraction operations to mentor a recovery field.
- DD 2 58 837 A1 discloses a method and an arrangement for producing large-area dust barriers.
- US 479 979 A a spray device is disclosed.
- DE-OS 8 33 442 discloses an arrangement which can be laid out on an outpatient basis for irrigating agricultural areas.
- DE 380 896 A discloses a sprinkling system with branch lines emerging from a field line.
- DE 19 28 789 C discloses a plant for blasting water or fertilizers in greenhouses.
- a mist or spray is provided as directly as possible at the dust-creating place to bind the dust
- An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for binding dust, with which dust can be bound very efficiently.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for binding dust, with which dust can be reliably bound with as little dust binder as possible.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for binding dust, wherein the device or the device used in this method is subject to little wear.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for binding dust, along which or along a large area, such as a road section. or a gravel pit that reliably prevents or significantly reduces the escape of dust.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for binding dust which can be applied to machines and vehicles of various kinds, such as e.g. Stone crushers, track construction machines, asphalt milling, cleaning vehicles, etc. can be grown or integrated, which is also a mobile operation is possible.
- machines and vehicles of various kinds such as e.g. Stone crushers, track construction machines, asphalt milling, cleaning vehicles, etc.
- One or more of the present objects are achieved by the subject-matter specified in the independent claims.
- Advantageous embodiments are specified in the respective subclaims.
- the binding of dust can basically be done by an artificial mist or by a drizzle.
- an artificial mist a mist slowly settling to the ground is created in the air, whereby the dust droplets wash the air out of the mist.
- the soil With the drizzling the soil is wetted with binder, so that the formation of dust is prevented.
- Mist formation and drizzle are essentially different in droplet size, with the transition being fluid.
- the generation of a mist also leads to a wetting of the soil and the generation of a spray also leads to the washing out of dust from air.
- the focus of the effect is the washing out of dust from air and a drizzle in the wetting of the soil.
- Artificial mist comprises droplets having a size smaller than 200 ⁇ , in particular less than 150 ⁇ or less than 100 ⁇ .
- Drizzle comprises droplets having a size of at least 100 ⁇ , in particular at least 150 ⁇ and preferably at least 200 ⁇ .
- binder discharged In devices in which soil is wetted with drizzle, preferably not more than 6 l / m 2 / h and preferably not more than 4 l / m 2 / h and in particular not more than 3 l / m 2 / h binder discharged. This ensures that no puddles occur. If the bottom is sealed, the amount discharged should be lower than with the bottom not sealed.
- the to be discharged amount of binder should l / m 2 / h and preferably at least 1 liter / m 2 / h or, in particular at least 1, 2 l / m 2 / h be at least 0.75, to ensure sufficient wetting of the soil.
- These values for the discharge of the binder apply to continuous operation. In intermittent operation, the discharged quantities are reduced accordingly by the pause times.
- the devices for guiding and directing binder streams discussed below can be used to generate both mist and spray, unless expressly stated otherwise.
- an apparatus for binding dust comprising
- a binder reservoir which provides pressurized liquid binder
- a binder conduit which is connected to the binder reservoir, wherein at least one atomizing nozzle is connected to the binder conduit, which can be arranged in the vicinity of a dust source.
- the sputtering nozzle is arranged in the vicinity of the dust source, wherein it is preferably designed and arranged so that the dust source is not sprayed with the binder, but instead a binder mist is formed at a predetermined distance from the dust source.
- This arrangement is based on the finding that dust is whirled up at a dust source, with which a dust source is usually connected to a turbulent air flow. If one were to bind dust in such a turbulent air stream by means of a binder, then the binder requirement is considerable.
- the binder requirement is much lower than if the dust source is sprayed directly with the binder, although the area in which the mist is artificially generated, is usually much larger than the dust source because it encloses the dust source with a predetermined distance.
- the distance should be chosen so that in the area of the mist, the air flow containing the dust has calmed so far that the mist can gradually lower to the ground and is not moved away uncontrollably. Usually, a distance of a few 10 cm, preferably at least 50 cm or at least 1 m or at least 2 m must be observed. When choosing the appropriate distance, external air flows must also be taken into account, which can be generated by movements of goods, vehicles, wind or thermal energy. Especially in halls often thermals occurs. It may also be appropriate to have one or more baffles provide that with a dust-contaminated air flow is directed so that it calms down and an artificial mist can efficiently remove the dust.
- the distance to the dust source is preferably to be chosen such that the mist is located above all in a region in which the air flow is not greater than 1 m / s, in particular not greater than 0.8 m / s or not greater than 0.7 m / s and preferably not greater than 0.5 m / s. It has been shown that with air flow of more than 1 m / s the dust can not be efficiently bound with a mist or the amounts of water required for efficient dust binding increase exponentially.
- the air currents can vary in place and in time. When unloading large stones, for example, a very strong flow of air may occur for a short time, with the air flow being significantly weaker in the intervals between the individual unloading operations.
- Baffles may be provided to prevent extraneous airflows from the mist area, so as to be able to meet the above-described limits of airflow in the area of the mist.
- the binder is a liquid binder, preferably water.
- an air / water mixture is often used.
- such an air / water mixture is disadvantageous because it generates a high inherent air flow through the air portion, which is not suitable for generating a floating mist.
- an air / water mixture may be used, but water that is driven without air through a spray nozzle is preferred.
- the binder is provided in the binder reservoir at a pressure of preferably at most 10 bar, in particular preferably at most 7 bar and in particular not more than 5 bar.
- the lower the pressure the easier it is to form a device with a long binder line, which allows the large-area coverage with spray.
- the binder reservoir should provide the binder at a pressure of at least 2 bar, preferably at least 3 bar, and most preferably at least 4 bar.
- the higher the pressure at the binder reservoir the larger NEN be the pressure losses in the binder line, and yet provided at the or the atomizing nozzles sufficient for atomization pressure. This also means that the greater the pressure at the binder reservoir, the longer the binder line can be, without the need for an additional pressure stage in the form of a pump.
- the binder reservoir may be a well, a tank with and without a feed pump or a connection of a water pipe, which provides the binder water at a predetermined pressure.
- the pressure with which the binder reservoir or a binder source is provided is preferably set by means of a pump.
- the pressure may also be e.g. be given by an existing water supply or a high tank, which provides a sufficient pressure by a suitable geodetic height difference, so that no extra pump is necessary, which carries away the binder from the binder reservoir.
- the binder pipe can be formed from an elastic tube, such as a plastic pipe, in particular PE pipe.
- an elastic tube such as a plastic pipe, in particular PE pipe.
- Such elastic tubes have significant advantages, since they can buffer pressure on one hand, connection points for atomizing nozzles can be punched anywhere and also can be moved very quickly and easily.
- High-pressure pumps are pumps which produce a permanent operating pressure of 20 bar or more.
- the atomizing nozzle or the atomizing nozzles are designed such that the binder is sprayed with a droplet size of 30 to 120 ⁇ m, and preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m, and in particular with a droplet size of 60 to 90 ⁇ m.
- a droplet size forms a floating mist in calm air, which reliably binds the dust and gradually sinks.
- the binder line can extend over a distance of at least 100 m or, in particular, of at least 300 m, along which route a plurality of atomizing nozzles are connected to the binder line, and the device is designed in this way is that no more than 6 l / m 2 h of binding agent are discharged during a spraying process on the ground.
- the amount of sprayed binder is preferably adjusted so that there is little excess moisture, that is, not all of the atomized binder can be taken up by the air, but liquid mist particles are present in the air. Such mist particles sink and bind the dust contained in the air and transport it to the ground.
- the amount of water dispensed is so large that a sufficiently strong downward movement takes place in order to transport the dust rapidly downwards. A certain excess of binder reduces the regulatory burden.
- the devices for producing an artificial mist are preferably designed such that about 5 to 30 liters of binder per hour are delivered per nozzle, wherein the binder is distributed over a range of 0.8 m to 1, 5 m around the nozzle.
- the at least one atomizing nozzle is preferably a pressure nozzle, which is formed with an automatically blocking or opening pressure control valve and therefore automatically opens from a certain opening pressure of the supplied binder and the device has a pressure control, with which the pressure in the binder line is controllable. This makes it possible to control via the pressure control, whether the one or more atomizing nozzles release binder or not.
- the binder line may have one or more pressure control valves which open as Druckschaltventile from a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder supply to the Zerstäubungsdüse (s) or open as pressure control valves above a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time regulate a pressure on the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve to a predetermined pressure range.
- corresponding pressure nozzles or corresponding pressure control valves which open as Druckschaltventile from a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder supply to the atomizing nozzle (s) or open as pressure control valves from a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time regulate a pressure on the downstream side of the pressure control valve to a predetermined pressure range are shown below and will be explained in detail with reference to a corresponding embodiment.
- the pressure nozzles or the pressure control valves can be formed, for example, with an opening pressure of 2 bar, 3 bar or 4 bar.
- the closing pressure is preferably slightly lower than the opening pressure.
- the closing pressure is 0.9 bar, for example 1.5 bar at an opening pressure of 3 bar and, for example, 1.8 bar at an opening pressure of 4 bar. This ensures that the pressure drop generated after opening the respective nozzle, the pressure nozzle does not close immediately, but can be kept open at a low pressure.
- Such pressure nozzles or pressure control valves allow easy central control over the binder pressure, because the pressure control valves open and close completely when the pressure in the binder pipe is controlled accordingly.
- such self-firing pressure nozzles or pressure control valves prevent emptying of the binder line, since they automatically close when the pressure drops below the switching pressure.
- the pressure in the binder line does not decrease, or possibly only very slowly, so that no or only a very low pressure has to be built up in the binder line during intermittent pulsing.
- These pressure nozzles therefore also function as a discharge stop. This has the following advantages:
- the binder line does not need to be filled before re-dispensing water through the atomizing nozzles. Between the individual pulses, if necessary, small amounts of binder have to be added, whereby this binder is abruptly available through the pressurized binding agent reservoir and is already under pressure. This will be a fast
- a refilling of the binder pipe is subject to the risk of pressure surges and cavitation in the pipes and the nozzles and other components such as pumps, valves, etc.
- the pressure nozzles may be integrally formed with a pressure valve having a predetermined opening and a predetermined closing pressure.
- pressure nozzles can also be formed from a nozzle and a separate, upstream pressure valve.
- the pressure nozzles preferably have a membrane which is acted upon by a spring-biased piston, so that a passage of the pressure nozzle is opened only from the predetermined opening pressure and closed again when the shooting pressure is reached.
- the pressure nozzles are preferably adjusted so that they provide a pressure at the respective atomizing nozzles in the entire dust-binding device or in certain sections, in which essentially the same atomizing nozzles are specified, which differs by no more than 20% and in particular not more than 10%.
- Such a uniform pressurization causes a uniform output of binder, wherein here the uniformity refers both to the geometry of the respective spray cone of the individual atomizing nozzles as well as the delivered amount of binder.
- a different intensity discharge of binder is preferably adjusted by the spacing of successive atomizing nozzles and not by different pressures.
- the atomizing nozzles are preferably designed so that they emit the binder with a circular or semicircular throwing cone.
- the distance between two successive nozzles is preferably the diameter D of the circle of the corresponding throwing cone minus at least 20% (corresponding to 0.8D) and in particular at least 34% (corresponding to 0.66D) of this diameter.
- the distance between adjacent nozzles is in the range of the diameter of the throwing cone minus at least 45% and preferably at least 50% of the diameter.
- Mist-producing dust-binding devices typically have a nozzle arrangement with maximum spacing of 0.55D and 0.5D, respectively.
- the pressure control preferably has a control valve which is arranged in the binder line in the region between the binder reservoir and the at least one pressure nozzle, the control valve being controllable by a control device.
- the at least one atomizing nozzle can be selectively supplied with binder at a predetermined pressure.
- It can also be provided a plurality of control valves, which in each case one or more atomizing nozzles are arranged downstream, which are then acted upon by the respective control valve with binder with a predetermined pressure.
- the control valves can be hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically or mechanically controlled by the control device.
- the at least one atomizing nozzle can also be provided with a valve which can be controlled directly by a control device.
- the device can also comprise atomizing nozzles designed as pressure nozzles as well as atomizing nozzles provided with a directly controllable valve.
- Such directly controllable valves can be remotely opened and closed by the control device.
- the binder reservoir or a pressure reservoir may include a pressure vessel with gas cushion.
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion may be formed as a membrane tank, which has a membrane which divides the membrane tank in a gas pressure chamber and in a binder space.
- the pressure vessel may also be a wind tank, in which a gas bubble is arranged, which is directly in contact with the binder.
- the pressure wave is reflected, returns as a negative wave to the starting point and gradually oscillates in multiple round-trip. This may be due to Negative pressure even come to a tearing off of the water column.
- the subsequent collision of the two and independently oscillating flows leads to particularly dangerous pressure surges.
- opening and closing times of shut-off devices can be extended, so that the speed change proceeds in a harmless manner.
- the device may also include a plurality of pressure vessels with gas cushion.
- the pressure vessels with gas cushion can also be distributed along the binder line.
- the volume of the pressure vessel with gas cushion or the pressure vessel with gas cushion can be at least 300 l, preferably at least 1 000 l, in particular at least 5000 l and preferably at least 10000 l or more than 10,000 l.
- the volume of the pressure chamber with gas cushion comprises both the volume of the gas pressure chamber and the volume of the binder space.
- the binder space is usually about 20% to 50% of the total volume of the pressure vessel. In the normal state of the device, the pressure in the gas pressure chamber should be approximately 0.5 to 0.9 times the operating pressure or a switch-on pressure of a delivery pump.
- one or more pressure vessel with gas cushion are used in a dust-binding device, which idles in standstill or pause times.
- dust-binding devices which have no or only a few self-locking pressure control valves which function as discharge stops.
- the lines of this dust-binding device partially or completely.
- the properties of the pressure vessel with gas cushion is advantageous because they first promote binder with high pressure quickly into the line, whereby due to the expansion of the gas cushion, the pressure in the pressure vessel decreases, whereby the delivery pressure decreases accordingly. With an almost complete filling of the lines then there is a reduced pressure, whereby the problem of pressure shock is reduced.
- a dust binding device different sections may be formed, which empty at different speeds during a standstill.
- the individual sections can each be provided with a separate pressure vessel, if appropriate.
- the sections that emptied quickly are preferably provided with a pressure vessel, so that they can be replenished quickly.
- the pressure vessel with gas cushion preferably has a supply line for filling the pressure chamber with gas cushion and a discharge line for emptying the pressure chamber with gas cushion, wherein the supply line opposite the discharge line has a cross-sectional constriction, so that the filling of the pressure chamber with gas cushion at a slower rate than the emptying of the pressure vessel with gas cushion.
- a large binder stream can be provided very quickly, so that a corresponding pressure blow is avoided.
- a large binder stream can be provided very quickly, so that a corresponding pressure blow is avoided.
- another flow resistance may be provided in the supply line.
- the flow resistance can be designed, for example, as a pressure reducer, baffle plate or as a height difference. If the pressure vessel with gas cushion one piece above the binder line, preferably a few meters above the binder line, arranged, then the binder must for filling the pressure vessel with gas cushion against The gravitational force can be conveyed upwards and can be quickly transported into the binder line when emptying the pressure vessel with gas cushion due to the gravitational force. If the deceleration during filling and the accelerating during the discharge caused solely due to such a height difference, then the supply and the discharge line may be formed as a common wiring harness. When using such a height difference, it is expedient that the cross section of the supply line and the discharge line is large, so that the leading of the binder line to the pressure vessel with gas cushion liquid wave has a high weight.
- self-closing pressure nozzles which function as a discharge stop allow an interval operation since pressurized water always rests directly against the atomizing nozzles or the printing nozzles arranged adjacent thereto. Furthermore, the provision of one or more pressure vessels for the interval operation is advantageous because often emptying can not be completely prevented even with self-closing pressure nozzles.
- the self-closing pressure nozzles often lead to a very slow emptying, so that a refilling can be done very quickly at the beginning of a Sprühintervalls using a pressure vessel with gas cushion.
- reaction time is after a break of at least 5 min. measured from the switching on of a pump or the opening of a valve, so that a strand in which the sputtering nozzles are located, is subjected to binder, which is pressurized, to the time at which all the nozzles by switching on the pump or opening the valve are supplied with binder, give binder.
- reaction times of a few seconds were achieved, even if the strand was longer than 100 m.
- Dust-binding devices for producing mist are preferably formed so that their reaction time is not greater than 10 seconds and more preferably not greater than 5 seconds, and dust-binding devices for wetting a bottom are preferably formed so that their reaction time does not exceed 2 minutes. and in particular not more than 1 min. and preferably not greater than 30 s. Such short reaction times can be achieved even with large dust-binding devices, which have strands with a length of more than 100 m and in particular more than 300 m.
- elastic lines are conducive to the interval operation, which can also store binders pressurized.
- the device preferably has a pump which pumps the binder. To the binder line, a pressure switch may be coupled, which turns on when falling below a predetermined switch-on, the switch-on, the pump. This automatically maintains a predetermined minimum pressure in the binder line.
- Pressure switch 1 Switch the pump on / off
- Pressure switch 2 monitor overpressure
- Pressure switch 3 Monitor suppressors (such as may be present during dry operation)
- Pressure switch 4 Line pressure monitoring: if there is no or insufficient pressure at the end of the line, this indicates a line break or blockage; or also check whether a desired pipe network pressure reduction (for example before pump stop) has already penetrated to the end.
- Pressure switch 5 Monitor suction line for correct vacuum value. This is an indicator that the pump sucks and also an indicator of whether the suction force of the pump is in the correct range (avoids cavitation) or an indicator of whether there is a blockage in a suction line or a suction line pre-filter.
- Pressure switch 6 Gas pressure monitoring of the pressure boiler with gas cushion
- Pressure switch 7 filling status pressure vessel. Only when the pressure in the pressure vessel or in the relevant supply line or the main line is approximately constant during operation can be assumed that a full pressure vessel. Can e.g. to decide whether a pump may already be shut down, or to run after, to buffer in the pressure vessel.
- Pressure switches 8 and 9 Differential pressure evaluation pre- and post-filter pressure. To monitor the filter status, whether it has to produce excessive pressure loss due to accumulation of dirt and has to be cleaned. An automated filter cleaning process can be started or even just a message that the pressure difference is too large or should be cleaned.
- the vacuum switch is used to monitor a possible vacuum only during pumping operation.
- the pressure switches can also be equipped with two switching points (lower and upper) to provide certain hysteresis, making the system more stable and quiet The system runs more stable and does not start to clock / oscillate.
- the pressure switch can be coupled with timers (eg time relay), so The fact that reaching a switching point first activates only the timing element and that the switching process takes effect only after the time has expired The pressure switches can either trigger events directly or even act as warning devices
- Pressure switch also visual pressure indicators, such as pressure gauges or remotely transmitting pressure transmitter be mounted or temporarily coupled.
- the pressure switch may also be designed such that when a predetermined switch-off pressure is exceeded, the switch-off time, the pump switches off and / or opens an emergency lowering valve. It can also be coupled to a flow meter on the binder line such that falls below a predetermined minimum flow rate, the pump off and / or an emergency lowering valve is opened. This automatically ensures that the pressure in the binder pipe does not increase too much.
- the delay time interval is preferably at least 5 seconds, preferably at least 15 seconds and especially at least 30 seconds.
- To the binder line may be coupled to an overpressure pressure switch which switches off the pump and / or opens an emergency lowering valve upon detection of a predetermined overpressure which is greater than the cut-off pressure.
- the switching due to the detection of an overpressure by means of the overpressure pressure switch preferably overrides all other control operations, such as non-switching off due to a sustained delay time interval.
- a signaling / alarm message / alarm case action initiation such as additional separation of the binder supply done.
- the device is preferably designed such that the flow rate of the binder in the lines is not greater than 5 m / s and preferably not greater than 3 m / s. The greater the flow velocity, the greater the pressure losses. The pressure losses are proportional to the square of the flow velocity.
- the binder line may have a main strand and a parallel to the main strand extending secondary strand with a smaller cross-section, the secondary strand opens with its ends in each case to the main strand and a volumetric flow meter is arranged in the secondary strand.
- the flow rate measured in the secondary line is proportional to the flow rate in the main line or main flow and thus allows conclusions to be drawn about the total volume flow through the main line and the secondary line.
- the volumetric flow meter may be designed such that it indirectly determines the flow on the basis of the temperature of the binder in the pump or in the flow direction shortly after the pump and / or on the basis of the power consumption of the pump and / or on the basis of the pressure difference before / after the pump and / or the pressure before the pump and / or based on the pressure after the pump and / or based on the acoustics of the pump and or based on the current power consumption of the pump shaft detected. Since the pump generates heat and the binder is often provided by a cool reservoir, such as a well, the temperature of the binder in the pump or in the direction of flow shortly after the pump can dictate the volume flow of the binder in the binder line the pump are closed.
- a venting device may be arranged, which emits air bubbles from the binder line to the outside. Such air bubbles can be caused by outgassing of the binder due to pressure changes.
- the vent may be a passive vent valve that is permeable to gas and impermeable to liquids.
- the venting device can also be a switchable valve which is arranged in the binder line. When a gas bubble is present, the switchable valve is opened by means of a control device.
- the presence of a gas bubble can be detected on the basis of specific operating states by the control device and / or by means of a sensor.
- the predetermined operating states detectable by the control device are, for example, a stoppage of the delivery, a low pump load during startup.
- Gas bubbles can be determined by means of temperature sensors or pressure sensors, or ultrasonic sensors, or a magnetic inductive sensor or an X-ray machine or a microphone. In particular, when monitoring the pressure development when starting the pump, a slow increase in pressure can be assessed as a binder containing gas bubbles in the binder line.
- the venting device is preferably arranged at local high points and locations with volume flow changes, such as, for example, sharp-edged openings, pressure reducers, cross-sectional constrictions, at which air bubbles can collect.
- a venting device with a switchable valve is combined with a venting device with a passive venting valve, wherein initially larger amounts of air are vented when starting the device by means of the switchable valve and during normal operation the venting takes place exclusively or almost predominantly with the passive venting valve.
- the binder line may have one or more pressure control valves, which open as Druckschaltventile from a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder supply to the Zerstäubungsdüse (s) or open as pressure control valves from a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time a pressure on the downstream side of the pressure control valve to a predetermined pressure range regulate.
- pressure control valves then have the additional function of a pressure reducer.
- the binder line can be divided into different pressure zones. These pressure control valves preferably have different switching pressures.
- the pressure control valves are arranged in the binder line, that pressure zones are formed with decreasing to the distance from the binder reservoir pressure.
- the plurality of pressure control valves may be arranged in a main strand of the binder line, so that the main strand is subdivided into a plurality of pressure zones.
- One or more pressure control valves can be arranged in a branch line branching off from a main branch of the binder line, so that the respective branch line is closed when the switching pressure is undershot. As a result, idling of the main strand is avoided and the respective pressure control valve is associated with one or more arranged in the branch line atomizing nozzles.
- pressure differences in the binder line can be selectively controlled and controlled. Such pressure differences can be caused by differences in height along the binder line, long line lengths and a pressure drop occurring thereby, temperature changes in the binder line, pressure fluctuations due to switching operations.
- the pressure control valves can also be integrated in atomizing nozzles or arranged in combination with them. Such atomizing nozzles close automatically below a predetermined closing pressure, thereby avoiding emptying of the binder line in the region of the atomizing nozzles.
- the atomizer Application nozzles are often arranged in branch strands.
- the pressure control valves preferably close automatically when falling below a predetermined closing pressure, so that they can shut off the individual zones of the binder line independently. Such pressure control valves act as leakage stops to prevent emptying of the binder line.
- pressure reducers may also be used instead of pressure control valves located in the respective lines.
- Such pressure reducers can also be assigned to individual atomizing nozzles or integrated into them. Such a pressure reducer reduces the pressure to a predetermined reduced pressure. This ensures that at the atomizing nozzle, the binder with the constant, reduced pressure, applied, if in the area before the pressure reducer, the binder is present at an arbitrary, but higher pressure. Therefore, the pressure in the conduit may fluctuate and yet at the respective atomizing nozzle, the binder is applied at a predetermined pressure and a predetermined amount of binder and a predetermined spray profile are discharged from the nozzle.
- Such a pressure reducer may each be associated with a single atomizing nozzle or a group of multiple atomizing nozzles.
- the binder line is preferably formed with an elasticity for elastically buffering binder having a volume of elasticity of 1 parts per thousand and preferably at least 1% of the total volume of the binder line due to pipe wall elasticity and / or at least one gas pocket gas pocket and / or pressure cushion.
- this elasticity volume is at least 2% or at least 5% of the total volume of the binder conduit. Due to this elasticity, pressure fluctuations in the binder line can be compensated without generating pressure surges or reducing the effects of pressure surges.
- plastic pipes in particular PE pipes, which are in particular made of soft polyethylene, are preferably used as the binder pipe.
- the inner diameter of the tubes is preferably at least 16 mm.
- the binder line preferably has a length of at least 100 m. It can be several kilometers long.
- the binder line is preferably in zones or sections having a length of 100 to 600 with the above-described pressure control valves m, preferably 250 to 500 m divided. Such zones of elastic tubing provide sufficient resiliency to attenuate pressure spikes in closing shut-off gates, which include valves and nozzles, such that they do no damage.
- the PE pipes can also be made of hard polyethylene. In soft polyethylene pipes, holes can easily be punched to set nozzles or branch pipes.
- the maximum elasticity of the binder conduit is 10% and especially at most 5% of the total volume of the binder conduit. Too much elasticity causes an inertia in response and can lead to a targeted delivery of the binder in short pulses is not possible.
- the binder line can have a main line in which a pressure reducer is arranged, and parallel to the main line a secondary line is arranged in which there is a check valve which opens in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the pressure reducer.
- a pressure reducer also acts as a check valve, so that a pressure peak, which occurs on the pressure-reduced side of the pressure reducer, can not escape from the pressure-reduced zone through the pressure reducer.
- the secondary strand preferably has a smaller diameter than the main strand.
- the binder line has elastic branch lines, which are connected to a common wiring harness or line section, wherein in each case a sputtering nozzle is arranged at the end of the two-line cables remote from the line section or wiring harness. Due to the weight of the atomizing nozzle or an additional weight provided thereon, the respective branch line automatically aligns vertically. As a result, the flexible branch line is positioned and adjusted even when the entire dust-binding device is moved due to external circumstances such as wind. Such a dust-binding device can be designed both for producing an artificial mist and for wetting the soil.
- the binder conduit may be suspended from a support cable and the binder conduit may be elastic, with the binder conduit disposed approximately parallel to the support cable and secured thereto at a plurality of locations.
- the binder pipe with or without elastic branch pipes can be attached to a rope with corresponding pipe hook hanging.
- a thin suspension cable in particular a steel cable, which is tensioned over a certain distance to which the binder conduit is suspended by means of the pipeline hooks is sufficient.
- the binder line is formed of a plastic material into which holes for connecting the branch lines can be pricked. This puncture of the holes is still possible after hanging the binder line on the support cable.
- the atomizing nozzles may be arranged along the binder line at a distance of not more than 10 m, preferably not more than 8 m, and more preferably not more than 7 m.
- the atomizing nozzles for spraying off the binder may be formed with a circular or circle-shaped spray cone, wherein the maximum distance between two adjacent atomizing nozzles is not greater than 80% of the diameter of this circle.
- the binder conduit may be provided with at least one fill rate control valve which, based on a detected volume flow of the binder medium, opens a passage for the binder approximately inversely proportional to the volume flow, that is, the lower the volume flow, the more the fill rate control valve is opened. At a low volume flow, the passage is opened completely.
- volume flow-altitude characteristic volume flow-altitude characteristic
- the volume flow can be determined based on the pressure difference in the flow direction before and after the fill rate control valve and / or the fill rate control valve can be additionally controlled by a control device, wherein the desired flow rate is adjustable.
- the binder line may be provided with at least one filling control valve, which opens a passage approximately proportional to the filling state on the basis of a detected filling state of the binder line.
- This filling control valve has a similar effect to the filling rate control valve explained above and prevents an excessively high volume flow during refilling, which would cause a high pressure drop at the end of the refilling process.
- the filling control valve may be formed with two opening stages, wherein at a low filling state, the passage is opened only slightly, and at a high filling state, the passage is fully open.
- the filling control valve can also be opened or closed continuously.
- the binder line may have a pressure-holding valve, which opens approximately proportional to the pressure based on a detected in the binder line in the flow direction before the pressure-holding valve pressure.
- the pressure-holding valve is preferably arranged in a main strand of the binder line.
- the binder line has a main strand and a branch strand branching from the main strand. In the branch line a control valve is provided.
- the control valve may be designed as a pressure relief valve, which opens approximately proportional to the pressure in the main line. Increases the pressure in the main strand above a predetermined pressure, this leads to the fact that binder is discharged through the branch line.
- the binder can be delivered via atomizing nozzles or via an empty line. This will ensure that in the Main strand no undesirably high pressure is applied.
- the pressure relief valve can only open from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main line.
- the control valve in the branch line can also be designed as a quick-release valve, which opens substantially completely from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main line, so that a rapid rise in pressure in the main line can be counteracted. After lowering the pressure in the main line, the quick-release valve can close slower than it opens, allowing a slow pressure build-up in the main line is again possible.
- the binder pipe may be connected to a well pipe which leads from the binder pipe down into the underground well, wherein in the well pipe, a pump is arranged, and the control valve is controlled in the branch line so that when switching on the pump, the control valve over a true time interval is gradually closed and / or gradually opened when switching off the pump over a further predetermined time interval.
- a pump is arranged in the branch line so that when switching on the pump, the control valve over a true time interval is gradually closed and / or gradually opened when switching off the pump over a further predetermined time interval.
- the pump is usually arranged deep down, creating a high water column is formed. The danger of pressure shocks is great.
- control valve When the pump is switched off, the control valve is gradually opened, whereby the pressure in the binder line is gradually reduced and counteracts a pressure shock.
- the opening of the control valve is preferably carried out shortly before switching off the pump, so that when switching off the pump is already present a reduced pressure in the binder line.
- the binder line may comprise a control valve which is controlled by a control device such that it slowly opens with the switching on of a pump over a predetermined time interval and / or is closed when the pump is switched off. This control valve reduces pressure surges when the pump is switched on and off.
- the control valve may be formed as a check valve which prevents backflow into or through the pump.
- the control device of the control valve can also be designed to control the pump, so that the switching on and off of the pump takes place synchronously with the switching of the valve.
- a control device is provided which controls the supply of binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion in the binder line depending on a level of the binder line, the level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or the volume flow in the binder line.
- This control device is preferably designed such that at a low filling level of the binder line binder with a high volume flow is withdrawn from the pressure vessel with gas cushion to quickly fill the binder line, wherein when a higher filling level of the flow of the binder is reduced or prevented, to avoid a pressure shock.
- binders of the binder line can be supplied, with increasing level, the supply from the pressure vessel with gas cushion reduced or completely adjusted and the delivery rate of the pump is adjusted accordingly and preferably reduced.
- the level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion can be based on the gas pressure, the binder pressure, by means of an ultrasonic sensor or a volume flow measurement.
- the volume flow measurement can be carried out with a volumetric flow meter described above. There may also be several pressure vessels with gas cushion.
- One or more cyclone filters can be arranged in the binder line, which has a rinse feed line and a rinse outflow line with a rinse outflow valve, so that rinsing of a binder stream through the cyclone filter allows purging of the cyclone filter without having to empty the remaining sections of the binder line .
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or an external water pressure connection can be connected.
- the cyclone filter can then also be installed in a suction line and flushed during operation of the pump.
- the suction line is a line section, which is arranged in the flow direction in front of a pump. Placing a filter in the suction line ensures that the binder is filtered before it reaches the pump.
- the above-discussed dust-binding devices can be used for binding dust, the individual aspects of which can be used separately or in combination.
- Such a dust-binding device can be used to generate an artificial mist, in which case the dust is bound in the air.
- a dust-binding device can also be used for wetting a floor, in which case the dust is bound to the ground and can no longer be whirled up into the air.
- the binders are preferably discharged at intervals of spray phases and pause phases.
- the spraying phases and the pause phases amount to at least 2 minutes, or 5 minutes, preferably at least 10 minutes.
- the spraying phases preferably last no longer than one hour, and in particular no longer than 30 minutes.
- the break phases can last approximately the same length as the spraying phases. However, the break phases can also be longer and in particular a multiple of the spraying phases.
- the duration of the spray phases and the pause phases is preferably not more than 120 seconds, and more preferably not more than 30 seconds.
- the duration of the spraying phases and the pause phases can take a few seconds.
- the spray phases are preferably longer than the pause phases.
- the pause phase is chosen so short that there is no or only a very small gap between successive clouds of fog.
- the pause phase With a droplet size of about 100 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ the pause phase are preferably not greater than 5 seconds. In a mist, in which the droplets predominantly have a droplet size of less than 100 ⁇ , the pause phase can also be set longer. If it is desired to use as little binder as possible, for example in order to avoid soil erosion, it is also possible to keep the spraying phases as short as possible and to extend the pause phases.
- the spray phase is preferably longer than the pause phase.
- the spray phase can be twice as long as the pause phase or can be a multiple thereof.
- the dust binding apparatus is operated so that the binder 2 h is operated at a rate of not more than 6 l / m 2 h, and preferably not more than 4 l / m 2 h, and preferably not more than 3 l / m.
- the dust-binding device for producing an artificial mist is preferably operated in such a way that the binder is sprayed into a region which is so far away from the dust source that in this region the air flow is not greater than 1 m / s, in particular not greater than 0, 8 m / s and preferably not greater than 0.7 m / s. It is particularly advantageous if the air flow is not greater than 0.5 m / s.
- FIG. 1 shows a dismantling parts with a device for binding dust in the plan view
- Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the device for binding dust from Figure 1
- FIG. 3 shows a vertical arrangement of atomizing nozzles in a side view
- FIG. 4 shows a spraying region of the nozzles from FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a spraying area of the nozzles of FIG. 5, schematically in top view, FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows a device for producing a smoke screen schematically in a
- FIG. 8 shows a cable arrangement for mounting a suspended pipeline system
- FIG. 9 shows a further cable arrangement for mounting a suspended pipeline system
- FIG. 10 Wiring diagram of a further device for binding dust
- FIG. 11 shows a volume flow measurement in the secondary line
- Figure 13 shows a detail of a device for binding dust with a
- the device of the invention is used for binding dusts of various origin, especially mineral dusts, plastic dusts, wood dusts, as well as of air pollutants by means of precisely applied binders.
- "Dust" in the sense of the present invention are all solid and liquid particles in an atmosphere, which can be removed from the atmosphere with a binder or which can be bound to the ground with a binder, so that they do not escape into the atmosphere In addition to solid particles also include aerosols or vapors.
- the binder is preferably water.
- the water is usually used without further additives, in particular without wetting agents. Only in winter, it may be appropriate that an antifreeze is added.
- the water can be obtained from different sources, for example wells, drinking water pipes, cisterns or the like. Contains the water impurities, then it is expedient to provide a filter.
- the pore size of the filter should not be greater than 200 ⁇ , preferably not greater than 150 ⁇ . It may also be appropriate to use filters with a pore size of 130 ⁇ .
- FIG. 1 A first exemplary embodiment of a dust-binding device 1 for a removal part is shown in FIG.
- the mining parts may be a gravel pit for mining gravel or a quarry for quarrying stones.
- the removal parts is a gravel work.
- the gravel plant has an unsecured driveway 2, which leads via a ramp 3 in a gravel pit 4.
- This gravel pit 4 has a screening device 5 and a conveyor belt section 6.
- the conveyor belt 6 extends from a hopper 7, which is located in the gravel pit 4, to a processing building 8, which is located outside the gravel pit 4.
- the conveyor line 6 is formed of a plurality of conveyor belts, wherein two adjacent conveyor belts each form a transition point 9, to which the gravel to be transported falls from one conveyor belt to another conveyor belt.
- the screening device 5, the hopper 7 and the transition point 9 of the conveyor belt section 6 form strong dust sources.
- All places where gravel or stones are moved and dumped are potentially intense sources of dust.
- Further sources of dust are, for example, stone crushers, silos and gravel or stone piles heaped up with conveyor belts and manipulation surfaces.
- dust is whirled up by vehicles traveling along the ramp 3 and the track 2. Whether or not a particular area is to be considered as a dust source to which the dust must be bound also depends on the dust purity requirements in the adjacent neighborhood.
- Such agricultural land places high demands on dust purity, because grass contaminated with dust or crops contaminated with dust are impaired in their quality and considerably reduce their usefulness.
- adjacent to the upper and left edges are industrial surfaces which are only slightly susceptible to dust.
- the dust-binding device 1 comprises a wetting device 10 for wetting the track 2 and the ramp 3 with binder, a plurality of local Nebelabprocessizien 1 1 and two fog walls 12th
- the Nebelabneuen 1 1 are provided for shielding the local dust sources in the gravel pit 4.
- the mist walls 12 are located in FIG. 1 at the lower and the right edge of the gravel pit 4 in order to prevent the transfer of dust from the gravel pit 4 to the neighboring agricultural areas.
- the wetting device 10 has next to the track 2 on both sides extending pipe sections 13/1 and 13/2.
- These pipe sections 13/1 and 13/2 are rigid, laid on the ground pipes 13 ( Figure 3), at which at regular intervals (eg every 5 to 10 m, preferably every 6 to 8 m) branches off a vertically upwardly extending standpipe 14 ,
- the standpipes 14 each have a length of 0.5 to 2 m.
- At its upper, free end is located at each standpipe 14, a spray nozzle 15.
- the atomizing nozzles 15 are designed as pressure nozzles, which automatically open only from a predetermined opening pressure and close automatically below a predetermined closing pressure. This ensures, on the one hand, that the binder only exits if it bears against the atomizing nozzle 15 with sufficient pressure for atomizing. Furthermore, by the Automatic closing of the atomizing nozzles 15 ensures that the standpipe 14 and the pipe section 13 do not empty when the wetting device 10 is not in operation. This refilling of the pipe sections 13 and the standpipes 14 is avoided, which on the one hand the risk of pressure shocks can be significantly reduced and on the other hand, the operation without significant delay time can be permitted.
- the atomizing nozzles 15 are formed so that the binder is atomized with a droplet size corresponding to a fine drizzle.
- the droplet size is subject to a certain distribution, wherein the vast majority of droplets have a Tröpfenchenworthing of at least 100 ⁇ , preferably at least 150 ⁇ or at least 200 ⁇ They produce a fine spray that evenly over a predetermined range (Figure 1) semi-circular or circular or circular segmented (eg a circle segment with 90 ° or 125 ° or) or can be distributed angularly.
- the proportion of binder evaporating during spraying is low.
- the droplets can be sprayed from the atomizing nozzle 15 to a distance of about 5 to 12 m.
- the atomizing nozzles 15 are formed with a semicircular spray pattern, and arranged so that they cover with this spray pattern the adjacent track 2 ( Figure 4). For wetting an approximately 5 m wide strip over a distance of 100 m about 2 to 4 m 3 of binder are discharged per hour.
- the operating pressure at the nozzle in this case is about 2.5 to 4.5 bar to ensure a reliable spread of the spray.
- the pause should be at least as long as the spray time, leads to an efficient wetting.
- the break times are preferably automatically adapted to the weather conditions. The hotter and drier the ambient air is, or the more wind there is, the shorter the pauses are.
- the control of the spray time for wetting a soil can also be carried out depending on the substrate.
- a sealed floor such as an asphalt floor, can absorb no appreciable amount of binder.
- interval operation with a spray time of about 5 to 15 minutes and a pause of about 5 to 30 minutes without intensive pre-wetting is preferred.
- the bottom if the bottom is not sealed, it will typically have a porosity that can store binders and deliver the stored amount of binder. The soil then forms a binder reservoir similar to a sponge.
- the unsealed bottom it is preferable first to carry out an intensive pre-wetting which lasts for at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 45 minutes and in particular for at least 1 hour, with binder being dispensed at a rate of 1 to 3 l / m 2 . Thereafter, interval operation with short spray times of about 2.5 to 10 minutes at a rate of 1 to 3 L / m 2 and pauses of about 5 to 30 minutes may be performed to replace binder released from the bottom.
- the control of the spraying times is preferably carried out automatically by means of a central control device.
- the central control device can automatically set the spray times as a function of predetermined weather parameters (amount of precipitation, temperature, wind speed, air humidity, intensity of solar radiation).
- the weather parameters can be supplied by means of suitable weather sensors (thermometer, wind gauge, precipitation gauge) or weather data available on the Internet.
- the soil moisture can also be measured and taken into account when controlling the spraying time.
- the consideration of soil moisture is particularly useful in dust binding devices that wet the soil with binder to avoid dust. These dust binding devices are mainly used in porous soils, on which dust can be whirled up. Depending on the porosity, these trays have a different capacity to absorb water.
- the soil moisture thresholds should be determined and adjusted empirically. Even with mist-generating dust binding devices, the measurement of soil moisture may be appropriate. Here, it is primarily determined by means of a measurement of soil moisture whether too much moisture precipitation reaches the soil and there is a risk of puddling.
- the above-mentioned weather parameters and / or the soil moisture are preferably combined so that they are a measure of the evaporation.
- the evaporation rate can be determined, for example, by the combination of humidity, wind speed, temperature and intensity. the solar radiation.
- the regulation of the spraying times preferably takes place in such a way that the evaporated moisture is tracked as exactly as possible.
- Such a control device serves to ensure sufficient dust binding and, on the other hand, to minimize the need for binders, in particular the need for water.
- This control device is shown here for an embodiment for wetting the soil with binder.
- Such a control device can equally be used for binding the dust by means of artificial mist.
- the maximum length of such a wetting device is about 500 m. If longer distances are to be wetted, then several such wetting devices can be provided consecutively.
- a hanging wetting device 10/2 is provided along the ramp 3.
- the hanging wetting device 10/2 comprises a thin support cable 16, which is a steel cable, a pipe 17, pipe hooks 18 with which the pipe 17 is hung on the support cable 16, flexible branch pipes 19 and atomizing nozzles 20.
- the atomizing nozzles 20 are similar to the atomizing nozzles 15 trained. However, they have a fully circular spray pattern, so that the wetting device 10/2 can be positioned centrally above the ramp 3 and covers the ramp completely or at least almost completely with the spray pattern.
- a flexible branch line 19 with a spray nozzle 20 is arranged on the pipe 17. Adjacent to the atomizing nozzle 20 is located on the flexible branch line 19, a stabilizer 52 which surrounds the branch line 19 and ensures, by virtue of its weight, that the flexible branch line 19 hangs down and is aligned vertically at least with its lower portion. As a result, the flexible branch 19 automatically positions and adjusts, even if the entire wetting device 10/2 is moved due to external circumstances, such as wind.
- the atomizing nozzles 20 are preferably designed again as pressure nozzles, which open from a predetermined opening pressure and automatically close at a predetermined closing pressure.
- the opening pressure is in the range of 1, 5 to 4 bar.
- the closing pressure is slightly lower.
- the maximum length of the wetting device 10/2 is about 500 m.
- the wetting device 10/2 is preferably operated at intervals of 10 to 15 minutes with pause times of 10 to 30 minutes.
- the wetting device 10/2 is preferably arranged at a height of at least 5 to 6 m above the ground.
- the pipeline 17 is preferably formed from a plastic pipe, in particular polyethylene pipe. It has a tube inner diameter of for example 16 to 40 mm.
- the mist shielding units 11 are in principle the same as the hanging wetting device 10/2 with a carrying cable 16, a pipe 17, pipe hooks 18, flexible branch pipes 19 and atomizing nozzles 21 (FIG. 5).
- the atomizing nozzles 21 of the Nebelablinien 1 1 differ from the atomizing nozzles 20 of the wetting device 10 in that they spray the binder much finer, i.e., with a droplet size of 30 to 120 ⁇ .
- the droplet size is 50 to 100 ⁇ , in particular 60 to 90 ⁇ .
- Such fine droplets form a mist, which gradually settles on the ground. Such fine droplets can not be sprayed as far as the larger droplets of the above-explained wetting device 10.
- the maximum range here is about 1, 5 m. It is usually between 0.8 and 1.3 meters.
- the atomizing nozzles 21 are arranged with their flexible branch lines 19 at a distance of 0.7 to 1, 5 m, in particular a distance of 0.9 to 1, 2 m to the pipe 17.
- the nozzles of the two Nebelabprocessen 1 1 are then preferably arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction.
- the pipe 17 is preferably formed of a flexible plastic, such as soft polyethylene. In such a pipe 17 holes can be stung to connect the branch lines 19. This can also be done later after the entire installation of the system, which makes it possible, if necessary, to provide locally more atomizing nozzles 20 on a line. If locally a particularly dense fog is needed, the distance of the atomizing nozzles can be reduced to 0.5 m or 0.25 m or even to 0.1 m. Similarly, it is possible to subsequently remove atomizing nozzles 21 or a branch line 19 together with the corresponding atomizing nozzle 21 and to close the corresponding opening with a stopper. This can be subsequently made to the system changes.
- a flexible plastic such as soft polyethylene.
- the plastic pipes are insensitive to weather. In a storm, they give way elastically and after the storm resume their starting position.
- the mounting on the support wire 16 made of steel is very easy by fixing the pipe 17 by means of the pipe hook 18.
- For permanent support of the pipe 17 is sufficient steel rope with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm.
- Supports for tensioning the steel cable can be provided at a distance of 50 to 150 m, so that large areas can be spanned and the supports do not interfere with an underlying operation.
- the device can be variably supplemented by additional nozzles or nozzles can be removed afterwards.
- the operating pressure is about 3 to 6 bar.
- Such a Nebelabneu 1 1 can be operated in continuous operation. However, it may also be expedient to operate such a fog shielding unit with very short pulses of 1 second to 120 seconds and correspondingly short pauses of 1 second to 120 seconds, since the fogging capability of the mist also results in a permanent fog wall in such pulsed operation can be provided. With such a pulsed operation, the consumption of binder can be significantly reduced without impairing the ability of dust-binding. Such a pulsed operation is particularly advantageous in places where there are no or only very small air currents.
- the mist walls 12 are the same as the Nebelabprocess 1 1 are formed, but they include one or more parallel pipelines extending over a longer distance and are provided at regular intervals with atomizing nozzles 21.
- the pipes 17 may also be arranged vertically one above the other ( Figure 7), so that a fog wall is formed with a height of a few meters.
- seven pipes 17 are arranged one above the other at a distance of 1 m, so that a smoke screen with a height of seven meters is formed.
- Both the fog shield unit 11 and the fog wall 12 are arranged with respect to a dust source so that the mist is not generated at the dust source but a distance away from the dust source.
- a dust source At the origin of the dust is usually a strong air flow, which stirs up the dust. Fogging such a dust formation site with mist would only cause the mist to be moved away again due to the air flow and a large proportion of the binder would have no effect. Therefore, the mist is placed adjacent to the dust formation site in a place where the air is calmed. Here the dust can be bound much more efficiently.
- the air flow is preferably limited to a maximum of 1 m / s, in particular 0.8 m / s or 0.7 m / s and preferably to a maximum of 0.5 m / s.
- the distance of the area in which the artificial mist is located from the place of origin of the dust is therefore chosen so that this limit is met.
- the Nebelabnicen 1 1 are preferably designed so that they enclose the dust source as completely as possible. If the dust source already shielded by a mechanical wall, then it may also be appropriate to form the fog shield so that it ends flush with this end to this wall and so together with the wall surrounds the dust source and in particular the removal of the dust along the wall and beyond prevented.
- the fog shield unit thus forms a wall termination.
- the mist wall 12 preferably has a groove 22 for collecting the mist droplets.
- the water collected in this case is conducted to a tank 23, from which it is pumped by means of a pump 24 back into the pipe 17 of the smoke screen.
- the binder is thus transported in the circulation.
- a filter 25 is provided, with which the dust particles from the Water are removed.
- the once used water can of course be discarded, in which case no filter is provided.
- the dust-binding device 1 has a central binder source 26, which may for example be a well (FIG. 2).
- the binder is preferably pure water.
- a pump 27 By means of a pump 27, the water is withdrawn from the binder source 26.
- a line section 28 which extends from the binder source 26 to the pump 27, there is a manual shut-off valve 29 and a check valve 30, which prevents a backflow of the water into the binder source 26 in the event of a pump failure.
- a main line 31 leads to the wetting device 10, to the Nebelablinien 1 1/1 and 1 1/2 and to the mist walls 12/1 and 12/2.
- each switching valves 32/1 to 32/5 are arranged, which are individually actuated by a central control device 38. With the switching valves 32/1 to 32/5, the water supply to the individual main strands can be switched on and off.
- the switching valve 32/1 By operating the switching valve 32/1, the interval operation with a spray time of about 5 to 15 minutes and a pause of about 5 to 30 minutes at the wetting device 10 and by actuating the switching valves 32/2 to 32/5 can at the Nebelabprocessizien 1 1/1 and 1 1/2 or on the mist walls 12/1 and 12/2 the short pulses from 1 second to 120 seconds with correspondingly short pauses of 1 second to 120 seconds are performed.
- a wetting device 10 branches the main strand into two sub-strands for the horizontal wetting device 10/1 and the hanging wetting device 10/2. In the two branches, a pressure reducer 33/1, 33/2 is arranged in each case at the beginning, which reduces the pressure provided by the pump 27 to the operating pressure of the respective wetting device 10/1 or 10/2.
- a pressure reducer 33 is also arranged in each case to adjust the appropriate for the respective atomizing nozzles 21 operating pressure.
- further pumps can be provided, which then generate a higher pressure, above all for the mist shielding units 1 1/1, 1 1/2, so that the operating pressure of the main pump 27 can be lowered.
- the wetting device 10 and the individual Nebelabprocesseen 1 1/1, 1 1/2 and the individual fog walls 12/1 and 12/2 can be operated independently. From the main strand of the Nebelabprocessmaschine 1 1/1/1 branches off a branch line 34, with which the screening device 5 is enclosed.
- the atomizing nozzles 21 are hereby arranged at a predetermined distance of 0.5 to 1.5 m from the screening device 5, which forms a strong dust source, so that a smoke screen forms around the dust source at this distance.
- further branch lines 35, 36, 37 are provided on the second mist shielding unit 1 1/2 in order to enclose the feed hopper 7 and the transition points 9 at a suitable distance.
- the line section 28 may also be formed as a well pipe ( Figure 13).
- the well pipe 28 extends through a vertical well bore 58 deep into the soil.
- a deep pump 59 is arranged in the well bore 58 instead of the pump 27 and coupled to the well pipe 28 to pump water from the well bore 58 into the dust-binding device 1.
- a branch line 60 is provided, which branches off from the line section 28 and has a drain opening 61.
- branch line 60 there is a control valve 62, which can be controlled by a central control device.
- the vertical well bore 58 may also be provided a shaft or a concrete deep storage.
- the control valve 62 is gradually closed for a predetermined time interval. As a result, in the line section 28 by the pump 59 is not abruptly but gradually built up a pressure, since first part of the water or the binder in the branch strand 60 exits through the control valve 62 from the drain port 61.
- control valve 62 When the pump is turned off, the control valve 62 is gradually opened, whereby the pressure in the line section 28 is gradually reduced and counteracts a pressure shock.
- the opening of a control valve preferably takes place shortly before switching off the pump, so that when the pump is switched off a reduced pressure is already present in the line section 28, whereby the risk of a pressure shock is reduced.
- the control valve 62 may also be designed as an automatically opening pressure control valve which opens from a predetermined opening pressure. This opening pressure is greater than the operating pressure.
- a pressure peak is generated in the line section 28, which is discharged via the automatically opening pressure control valve 62. Through reflections, several successive pressure peaks can occur, which are successively discharged via the branch line 60.
- this or another valve immediately opens abruptly in the event of a pump failure, in order to discharge immediately pressurized binder or to allow a discharge for the following pressure peak - so it is already open before the pressure peak occurs - thus no need Detection of this pressure peak through the valve. It is also possible for this valve or another valve to allow air or other media to flow in order to counteract the development of a cavitation blow.
- FIG. 8 shows masts with tensioning cables 56 for fixing the suspension cables 16.
- the suspension cables can also be attached to any other elevation, such as, for example. a building 57 are fixed directly (Fig. 9).
- FIG. 10 shows the line diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the dust-binding device 1.
- the same parts as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and formed the same as in the first embodiment, therefore, a detailed description of these parts can be omitted.
- This dust-binding device 1 in turn comprises a binder source 26 or binder reservoir, a pump 27, which via a line section 28 from the binder source 26 binders, in particular water, promotes.
- a line section 28 is a manual shut-off valve 29 and a check valve 30.
- a filter 39 is disposed in the line section 28.
- the filter may be provided with a filter medium having a pore size of 130 ⁇ . However, it may be a filter without filter medium, such as a cyclone filter, be provided.
- a main line 31 leads to a wetting device and / or to a Nebelabprocessech or a smoke screen. These facilities each have at least one wiring harness with one or more atomizing nozzles. Therefore, these devices will be referred to generally below as nozzle string 40.
- the second embodiment has two such nozzle strands 40, which each begin with a switching valve 32.
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is connected to the leading to the nozzle strands 40 line 31 .
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is connected to the leading to the nozzle strands 40 line 31 .
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is connected to the leading to the nozzle strands 40 line 31 .
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is connected to the leading to the nozzle strands 40 line 31 .
- a check valve 44 which is arranged such that water from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 only in the direction of line 31 through the discharge line 43 can flow.
- the discharge line 43 preferably has at least twice and in particular four times as large diameter as the supply line 42.
- the supply line 42 acts only as a supply line when e.g. contains a throttle body that is continuous in one direction only.
- the emptying of the pressure vessel with gas cushion can be done much faster than the filling of the same.
- a switching valve 45 which is controlled by the central control device 38.
- the switching valve is arranged downstream of the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 in the flow direction.
- the switching valve 45 has a plurality of open positions, so that by means of the switching valve 45, a different opening cross-section is adjustable.
- the opening cross-section can be varied in several stages or continuously.
- a volumetric flow meter 46 Arranged in the area between the switching valve 45 and the nozzle branches 40 is a volumetric flow meter 46, which is connected to the central control device 38 and transmits the respective current volume flow to it.
- Another volumetric flow meter 48 is arranged in at least one of the nozzle strands 40.
- a switching valve 47 At the end of one of the nozzle strands 40, a switching valve 47, which can be controlled by the central control device 38, provided for emptying the nozzle strand 40.
- this dust binding device 1 of the second embodiment works the same as that of the first embodiment by the pump 27 sucked water from the binder source 26, the nozzle strands 40 is supplied and controlled there by the switching valves 32 via atomizing nozzles (not shown in Figure 10) is output.
- the switching valve 47 at the end of one of the nozzle branches 40 has two functions. If this dust-binding device 1 is to be operated in winter, then the nozzle line 40 can be emptied if the danger of frost exists by the switching valve 47 being opened and air being conveyed into the switching strand 40.
- the air can be provided by means of a compressed air source or a suitable pump. If the binder or the water has impurities, they usually collect at the end of the nozzle strands 40. These contaminants can be flushed out by opening the switching valve 47 and flushing the nozzle string 40 with water.
- Both the emptying of the nozzle string 40 and the rinsing of the nozzle string 40 is controlled by the central control device 38.
- the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 may be a membrane tank having a membrane which divides the membrane tank into a gas pressure space and into a binder space.
- the gas is compressed in the gas pressure chamber, whereby the pressure in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 increases. If one or more nozzle strands 40 are emptied, then they must be completely filled again before the operation can be started.
- a large volume of binder can be made quickly available. Due to the large cross-section, which is available when removing the binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion through the discharge line 43 and the supply line 42, the binder can be promoted quickly, ie, with a high volume flow to the nozzle strands 40.
- the use of the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is advantageous because during the removal of the binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion, the gas pressure chamber expands, whereby the pressure in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 decreases and decreases with increasing discharge from the pressure vessel.
- the risk of a pressure surge is slightly reduced.
- a large amount of binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is made available very quickly at the beginning of production, so that emptied nozzle strands 40 can be quickly refilled.
- the lines are elastic plastic lines, then these lines also form a binder buffer.
- the "buffer" of the lines is first filled from the pressure vessel, which counteracts a pressure shock during rapid line filling.
- the control device which detects this volume flow, can adjust the pumping capacity of the pump 27 and / or the opening cross section of the switching valve 45 on the basis of this volume flow.
- the pumping capacity of the pump 27 can be reduced and / or the opening cross section of the switching valve 45 can be reduced, whereby both the volume flow from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 and the volume flow generated by the pump 27 can be controlled.
- the pressure in this line section can be controlled so that water in the Pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 flows when the pressure in this line section is greater than in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 and water is withdrawn from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41, if the pressure in this line section is smaller than in the pressure chamber with gas cushion 41. In normal operation, a balance between these two pressures, so that the Level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 remains constant.
- the supply line 42 has a small cross-section, the volume flow when filling the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is correspondingly small, so that it is possible even for a little filled pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 and not yet completely filled nozzle strands 40, the Main part of the pumped with the pump 27 volume flow to the nozzle strands 40 to pass.
- the pressure vessel is filled with gas cushion 41 with binder or water, then by opening the switching valve 45, the nozzle strands 40 are quickly supplied with a large amount of water.
- the nozzle strands 40 may each have a fill level sensor at their end regions. They can be distributed over their length, but also have several level sensors.
- the fill level sensors are connected to the central control device 38 so that the central control device 38 can detect the fill levels of the nozzle strands 40. The levels can be taken into account in the control of the open position of the switching valve 45 and the pump power of the pump 27 and the fuller the nozzle strands are filled with binder, the more the flow or the flow rate is reduced.
- volumetric flow meter 48 is used to monitor the functionality of this nozzle strand. If this nozzle line has a leak, for example, then the volume flow in this nozzle line increases. It is detected by the volume flow meter 48. An error message can be output and at the same time this nozzle train can be switched off by means of the corresponding switching valve 32. If, on the other hand, one or several atomization nozzles are blocked, the corresponding volume flow is reduced. This can also be determined by means of the volumetric flow meter 48 and a corresponding error message can be output. Also, with the volume flow measuring device 48 arranged in one of the nozzle lines 40, high volume flows can be detected, which can cause a risk of a shock hazard. Then, based on this detected volume flow in one of the nozzle strands 40, the total volume flow, which is controlled by means of the switching valve 45 and the pumping power of the pump 27, can be correspondingly reduced.
- volume flow measuring devices 48 are arranged in all nozzle lines 40, so that all nozzle lines 40 can be monitored individually. Furthermore, the volume flows in the dust-binding device 1 can be recorded and logged with the volumetric flow meters 46, 48. As a result, it can later be understood whether the dust-binding device 1 was operating correctly at a certain point in time.
- the above-described level sensors can also be designed as a pressure switch, which only output a signal from a predetermined pressure. This not only detects whether the nozzle strands 40 are filled with binder, but also that the filling has a certain pressure at the location of the corresponding pressure switch.
- the switching threshold of these pressure switches should be slightly lower than the operating pressure of the atomizing nozzles in the nozzle strands 40. Suitable threshold values of the pressure switches are preferably in the range of 1.5 bar to 3 bar.
- nozzle strands 40 With long nozzle strands 40, it may also be expedient to provide atomizing nozzles with increasingly low operating pressure (opening pressure and closing pressure) with increasing distance from the binder source 26, since the pressure in the nozzle train 40 may decrease with increasing distance.
- the individual atomizing nozzles thus have a low opening or closing pressure with increasing distance from the binder source 26.
- the pressure threshold of the pressure switches in the vicinity of the corresponding atomizing nozzles must be adapted accordingly to the opening or closing pressure of these atomizing nozzles.
- pressure reducers cross-sectional constrictions due to a reduction in the line cross-section, or by the provision of appropriate bottlenecks, the nozzle strands 40 can also be adjusted specifically in pressure zones.
- the pressure zones may, for example, be formed with reduced pressure as the distance from the binder source 26 increases, so that different but defined pressure conditions exist in the individual pressure zones. By such a pressure adjustment, a very high output uniformity can be achieved.
- the pressure applied to the respective nozzles can be kept permanently at a defined value, regardless of whether it is the first, the last, or any intermediate nozzle of a line.
- the nozzles are designed as pressure nozzles with a predetermined opening and / or closing pressure, as explained above.
- the central control device 38 may be designed such that it delays the switching on and off of the pump 27. This is particularly useful when the pump power of the pump 27 is not gradually adjustable.
- Turning pump 27 on and off can cause cavitation problems in the pump or its associated components, and can create a surge in the lines. If the switch-off is delayed by a predetermined period of time, then it may be that the operating states have changed again in the meantime, so that the pump 27 should no longer be switched off. Such situations occur in particular when the controlled variables, such as volume flow, level and / or pressure in the line 31 or in the nozzle lines 40 are each close to the corresponding threshold values and oscillate about them.
- the dust-binding device 1 is designed with a certain elasticity for elastically buffering binder, so that it is still possible to continue the operation of the pump 27 and further promote a certain volume or even due to the existing elasticity binder without a pumping capacity of the Pump 27 for the nozzle strands 40 provide.
- This elasticity is provided for example by the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41.
- such elasticity can be provided for elastic buffering of binding material by means of conduits made of an elastic synthetic material, in particular of polyethylene, since this material can stretch within certain capacities and absorb elastically yielding binders.
- the above-described lifting screen unit 11 or the mist wall 12 described above are operated with very short spray pulses. These pulses can be controlled solely by switching the switching valves 32, whereby the pump 27 can be operated continuously.
- the time delay is realized in the central control device 38. It is of course also possible to provide a separate time delay element, in particular a time delay relay, which delays the switching on and / or off of the pump 27 independently of the central control device 38.
- one or more pressure sensors which are connected to the central control device 38, can be provided in the main line 31 and / or in the nozzle lines 40.
- the pressure values recorded with the pressure sensors can NEN in a similar manner as the volume flows described above for controlling the volume flow in the main line 31 by means of the switching valve 45 and the pump 27 are used.
- the control valve 45 and the pumping power of the pump 27 are switched or changed when the measured pressure values exceed and / or fall below predetermined threshold values.
- predetermined safety thresholds may be provided which are greater than the thresholds for controlling normal operation.
- the pump 27 is disposed between the check valve 30 and the pressure vessel 41.
- the pump 27 may of course also be arranged under water in the binder source 26. Volumetric flow meters for measuring high volume flows are complex and expensive.
- a secondary line 49 (FIG. 11) for a main line 50, the secondary line being a line with a smaller cross section than the line of the main line 50 and opening at both ends in the main line 50.
- the volumetric flow meter 51 is arranged, which measures the volume flow through the secondary strand 49. Since the volume flows through the main strand 50 and the secondary strand 49 in a certain ratio, which corresponds to the ratio of the cross section of the secondary strand 49 to the cross section of the main strand 50, from the measured in the secondary strand 49 volume flow on the entire volume flow through the secondary strand and closed the main strand.
- Such an arrangement of the volume flow device is particularly advantageous in the main line 31, since there are high volume flows.
- an additional flow monitoring device may be provided in the main line 50, which merely indicates whether there is a flow or whether there is no flow.
- a flow monitoring device can, for example, with a baffle plate Be flow meter.
- baffle plate Be flow meter can, for example, with a baffle plate Be flow meter.
- the nozzle strands 40 can be divided into separate pressure zones by means of pressure reducers.
- pressure reducers 53 typically act as a check valve, allowing only flow from the higher pressure side to the lower pressure side. However, if short-term pressure peaks occur, then they can reach the area of lower pressure or, for example, can also be generated directly in the low-pressure area by switching operations and can no longer escape from there, since water can not flow back through the pressure reducer 53. It may therefore be that in printing zones substantially higher pressures than the usual operating pressure in the respective pressure zone. This can lead to damage.
- a secondary line 49 in which a check valve 54 is arranged, which allows a flow from the pressure-reduced side of the pressure reducer 53 to the higher pressure side, then such pressure peaks from the Pressure zones escape (Figure 12).
- the central control device 38 can be connected to sensors or online weather services that record the current weather (temperature, humidity, precipitation (forecast and already fallen), wind speeds, wind direction, humidity, evaporation) and accordingly control the discharge of binder. It may also be appropriate for the controller 38 to receive digital weather information to control the application of the binder accordingly.
- the device may also be provided with sensors which detect vehicles and / or persons, so that, depending on the output signals of these sensors, areas of the device are switched on or off. If, for example, vehicles or persons are present for a short time in a region to be sprayed or misted, then the binder supply can be temporarily switched off locally, so that the vehicles or persons are not sprayed.
- These sensors can be optical sensors, in particular cameras, or inductive coils embedded in the ground for detecting vehicles.
- the local switching off or on of areas can be carried out, for example, in a device in which the atomizing nozzles and / or specific pipe sections are provided with switchable valves or separate pumps.
- sensors may also be provided with which the moisture of the soil, a mist and / or dust formation are detected.
- These sensors may be moisture sensors or optical sensors, such as cameras. Corresponding camera images can be analyzed automatically with optical image processing to determine whether the soil is moist, in which there is a mist in the atmosphere and / or there is a dust cloud.
- These optical sensors can be combined with special lighting devices that make corresponding dust particles easily visible.
- the intensity of the dust binding can be controlled, whereby locally different intensities of the dust binding can be set as a function of the sensor signals.
- the operating states and / or the sensor signals are preferably logged and archived. In this way, on the one hand, the operation of the device can be occupied, on the other hand, the dust state can be displayed when sensors are present, which detect the dust condition.
- recommendation messages can also be output to an operator at a corresponding output device (screen, loudspeaker), so that the operator of the device can trigger a corresponding dust binding.
- a corresponding output device screen, loudspeaker
- a dust-binding device with a vertical arrangement of a plurality of atomization nozzles 15 according to FIG. 3 is designed for wetting an approximately strip-shaped surface.
- the spray cones of these atomizing nozzles 15 are semicircular (FIG. 4).
- the radius of the spray cone is 6.4 m and the operating pressure 3.5 bar.
- a single atomizing nozzle 15 sprays an area of about 64 m 2 and consumes about 190 liters of binder or water per hour of continuous operation. In continuous operation, the soil is wetted at about 3 liters per square meter per hour. In pulsed operation, the consumption of binder per hour can be reduced to about 50-70 liters per hour and nozzle.
- the atomizing nozzles 15 are arranged approximately at a distance of 7 m from each other.
- Another embodiment of the atomizing nozzle 1 5, has a throw of 9 m at an operating pressure of 3.5 bar. Otherwise, this embodiment corresponds to the atomizing nozzle, the above-explained standing arrangement of atomizing nozzles according to Figure 3 and 4 with semicircular spray cones.
- the wetted area per nozzle is about 130 m 2 and the consumption of binder or water is about 470 liters per hour per nozzle. This gives a precipitation rate of about 3.6 liters per m 2 per hour in continuous operation.
- the floor is moistened in cool weather for 5 to 10 minutes. Afterwards there is a break of one to several hours. In warm weather, moistening takes place for a period of 5 to 20 minutes, during which the pause time is half to about 1 hour. In hot weather (air temperature> 20 ° C) the humidification time is 5 to 20 minutes and the pause time is reduced to 10 to 20 minutes.
- moistening can be carried out in the morning for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, during which time no further moistening takes place on the remaining day.
- moistening is carried out in the morning from 0.5 to 1.5 hours, during which time further moistening can be carried out for a period of about 10 to 20 minutes, each time after breaks of 0.5 to 4 hours.
- the break time depends mainly on the storage capacity of the respective soil.
- moistening takes place in the morning for a period of 1 to 1.5 hours. Further moistening for a period of 20 to 45 minutes is carried out with pauses of between 30 and 60 minutes in between. On very hot and especially windy days, continuous operation may be expedient.
- the continuous moistening of the soil can lead to a noticeable lowering of the ambient temperature. This is especially true for sunlit gravel pits, which are protected from the wind. Moistening keeps the floor cool, which significantly reduces radiant heat radiated from the floor.
- the throwing distance is 4 meters and the throwing cone forms a full circle.
- the operating pressure is in the range of 2 to 3 bar.
- the area wetted per atomizing nozzle 20 is about 50 m 2 and the consumption of binder is about 70 liters per hour and per nozzle.
- the throw further is 4.8 m, the throwing cone again forms a full circle.
- the company train is in the range of 1, 5 to 4.5 bar.
- the wetted area is about 72 m 2 and the consumption is about 70 liters of binder per hour per atomizing nozzle. This gives a precipitation rate of about 0.97 liters per m 2 and h in continuous operation.
- the floor is moistened for a period of 10 to 20 minutes in cool weather (temperature 3 ° C). After a break of one to several hours, a new moistening takes place. In warm weather (13 ° C ⁇ temperature ⁇ 20 ° C) moistening takes place for 10 to 30 minutes, with the pause time between successive moistening about half an hour to one hour. The further moistening is carried out again over a period of about 10 to 30 minutes.
- Such a dust-binding device with hanging nozzles can be formed, for example, from a binder pipe 17 with an inner diameter of 28 mm, branch pipes 19 with atomizing nozzles 20 being arranged at regular intervals (about 6 to 7 meters).
- a section of Staubbindevorrich- device with a length of 350 m and 59 atomizing nozzles the consumption of 70 liters of binder per hour per nozzle and the total consumption is about 4.13 m 3 / h.
- the tube volume is 67 liters. This corresponds to 1, 6% of the total consumption per hour.
- Such a small tube volume can be quickly filled after a break or downtime.
- the filling can be done with a conventional standard pump, without a pressure vessel or pressure valve, which serves as Auslaustopp is necessary.
- a pipe section with an inner diameter of 61.2 mm over a length of 500 m it is possible, for example, to provide a pipe section with an inner diameter of 61.2 mm over a length of 500 m.
- the tube volume is then about 1470 liters.
- the total consumption is therefore about 13.7 m 3 / h.
- the tube volume is thus about 10% of the total consumption per hour. This means that if the tube volume is completely emptied, it will take about 6 minutes for the tube volume to be refilled with binder if the binder is delivered at a constant rate.
- a pressure vessel with gas cushion whose useful volume corresponds approximately to the tube volume.
- a pressure vessel with a useful volume of 1500 liters would be appropriate.
- a special pump in particular a speed-controlled pump or a pump with a particularly high power, in order to quickly demand the binder.
- self-locking pressure control valves or pressure nozzles can be provided, which prevent or delay leakage.
- a pipe hard PE
- 130.8 mm 130.8 mm
- 189 atomizing nozzles vertical arrangement
- the total consumption is about 88.8 m 3 / h.
- the tube volume is about 21 m 3 . This corresponds to about 25% of the binder consumption per year Hour.
- refilling a completely empty tube volume would take about 15 minutes. Such a long delay is fundamentally unacceptable.
- the nozzle nose is about 80 cm per nozzle, measured horizontally directly at the nozzle. Until the fog reaches the bottom, the fog has expanded to about 1, 5 m.
- the single nozzle consumes about 7.5 liters of binder per hour at an operating pressure of 4 bar, the 4-fold model about 30 liters per hour. This results in a consumption of about 0.002 liters per second or of 0.008 liters per second for a pulsed operation.
- Such a dust-binding device can also be designed as a low-flow dust-binding device. Then the single nozzle consumes about 5.5 liters of binder per hour and the 4-fold model about 22 liters of binder per hour (0.0015 l / sec or 0.006 l / sec).
- the individual nozzles are usually mounted at a distance of about 10 cm in the pipeline, the 4-way nozzles at a distance of about 0.5 to 2 meters.
- the rock crusher machine is provided on two sides with a Benebelungsstrang, each having a length of 3 meters, wherein the Benebelungsstrang is located 1, 7 meters away from the rock crusher machine.
- the nozzle spacing is 1 meter, which provides six atomizing nozzles.
- the operating pressure is 5 bar.
- Case 2 indoor dust binding:
- Each pulse consumes 6.6 liters of binder. Each hour thus results in an effective binder consumption of about 800 liters. That's just a fifteen-note over a continuous operation.
- a dust-producing construction vehicle continuously produces dusty air during its operating time by raising ground dust, which rises from the ground and rolls on.
- misting nozzles are placed at a distance of 1.5 meters above the ground on two sides. A total of ten nozzles with an hourly consumption of 300 liters at an operating pressure of 4 bar are appropriate.
- the fog system is operated pulsed. It is ejected in each case for 1 second fog, then is paused in each case for 4 seconds.
- Each fog pulse leads to a consumption of 0.08 liter of binder. Per hour results in a pulsed operation, a binder consumption of 60 liters. Thus, only about one fifth of binder is consumed compared to continuous fog operation.
- Binder source 60 Well drilling
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG11201903023PA SG11201903023PA (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Device and method for binding dust |
KR1020197010910A KR102505559B1 (ko) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | 먼지 결합 장치 및 방법 |
JP2019540691A JP7164202B2 (ja) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | 粉塵を結合する装置及び方法 |
AU2017339088A AU2017339088B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Device and method for binding dust |
US16/094,818 US11285501B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Device and method for binding dust |
CA3059384A CA3059384A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Device and method for binding dust |
CN201780062055.7A CN109843455A (zh) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | 用于粘合灰尘的装置和方法 |
EP22158090.5A EP4019154B1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum binden von staub |
EP17780412.7A EP3523057B1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum binden von staub |
US17/675,338 US20220168763A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2022-02-18 | Apparatus and Method for the Binding of Dust |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202016105570.9 | 2016-10-06 | ||
DE202016105572.5U DE202016105572U1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Vorrichtung zum Binden von Staub |
DE202016105570.9U DE202016105570U1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Vorrichtung zum Binden von Staub |
DE202016105569.5U DE202016105569U1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Vorrichtung zum Binden von Staub |
DE202016105569.5 | 2016-10-06 | ||
ATA50903/2016 | 2016-10-06 | ||
ATA50903/2016A AT519212B1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Binden von Staub |
DE202016105572.5 | 2016-10-06 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/094,818 A-371-Of-International US11285501B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Device and method for binding dust |
US17/675,338 Continuation US20220168763A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2022-02-18 | Apparatus and Method for the Binding of Dust |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2018065586A1 true WO2018065586A1 (de) | 2018-04-12 |
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PCT/EP2017/075501 WO2018065586A1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum binden von staub |
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CN112191056A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 吴若碧 | 一种建筑施工隔离装置及其使用方法 |
CN114833008A (zh) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-02 | 东莞市新力光表面处理科技有限公司 | 一种喷涂线变节距不停车连续输送工艺 |
AT523807B1 (de) * | 2020-05-13 | 2023-02-15 | Rubble Master Hmh Gmbh | Verfahren zur Staubniederhaltung bei Brechern mit Sprüheinrichtungen |
DE102023116934A1 (de) * | 2023-06-27 | 2025-01-02 | Fette Compacting Gmbh | Rundläuferpresse und Verfahren zum Vorreinigen des Pressengehäuses einer Rundläuferpresse |
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