WO2018024779A1

WO2018024779A1 - Brake device for two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicles

Info

Publication number: WO2018024779A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/069545
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mario Schütt; Heyo Mennenga
Original assignee: Mario Schütt
Priority date: 2016-08-02
Filing date: 2017-08-02
Publication date: 2018-02-08
Also published as: DE102016114294A1; DE102016114294B4

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake device, in particular a brake device for two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicles, for example training bicycles. The brake device exhibits a high degree of reliability for the user, in particular for the child. The brake device comprises a spring element (8) and a brake element (1). The spring element can be a leg spring or a pressure spring for example. The brake element can be designed in the form of a brake pad or in the form of brake jaws for example. The spring element is mechanically connected to the brake element and exerts a force onto the brake element. In this manner, a continuing brake effect is forced. According to the invention, the brake device additionally comprises at least one pneumatic system (3) by means of which the continuing force acting on the brake element (1) is counteracted.

Description

Braking device for two- or three-wheeled vehicles

The invention relates to a braking device for two- or three-wheeled

Vehicles, such as children's wheels. The braking device provides a high degree of safety for the user, for example for the child.

In the prior art braked two- or three-wheeled vehicles in the form of bicycles, wheels, scooters, etc. are known. The most common brake types for two- or three-wheeled vehicles are the withdrawal, the block, the rim or the disc brake. While in the resignation, the braking effect on the rear wheel is achieved by receding the pedals, brake levers on the handlebar are required in block, rim and disc brakes.

Especially for children, a manual operation of brake levers on the handlebars with great effort or the use of a resignation is a coordinative challenge, so that many children do not use the brakes or wheels are installed no braking devices. In addition, children in the street are very inattentive, so they often do not brake in dangerous situations, even if they control it.

In addition, children just go on it and not notice an increasing distance between themselves and the parents or the escorts of the children or gladly accept. In addition, children can badly assess the dangers they face, so that it would be desirable if parents or accompanying persons can also remotely influence the driving behavior of the children through their vehicles.

Therefore, a brake system has been developed, which has been made available to the public at www.minibrake.com. This brake is a

Brake element arranged below the saddle of the child such that when triggering the braking operation, a brake shoe tilts from a storage state in the direction of the tire and is pressed during braking by the wheels of the wheel on the tire. As soon as the escorts have to initiate a braking operation, a button on a remote control must be pressed. This device has the property that the braking operation is suddenly exerted with great force. Especially with younger children who have yet to learn safe cycling, this could lead to accidents. After the braking, an accompanying person must make the bicycle ready for driving again.

In order to support the braking process, WO 89/04790 discloses a braking device based on a pneumatic system. A compressed gas cylinder is connected by means of a line with a cylinder. When the braking process is triggered, pressurized gas is conducted from the compressed gas cylinder into the cylinder. The resulting stroke of the piston acts on the brake of the bicycle and brakes it off. Especially for children, this invention should not be suitable because the compressed gas cylinder brings a high weight with it.

In addition, a remote control is not provided.

This is known from the publications DE 10017576 A1 and EP 2489562 A1. The remote-controlled release of a braking operation disclosed there, however, act directly on the existing brake system of the bicycle. In individual cases, this can lead to danger to the driver, especially if it is a child, since the brake immediately acting causes a jerky braking, so that the child could fall.

Presentation of the invention

For this reason, it is the object of the invention to provide a braking device, which is particularly suitable for two- or three-wheeled vehicles, which is structurally fault tolerant and ensures a high level of safety for the user of the vehicle to be braked. Here, the brake should act quickly, without jerky use and be reset from a distance. According to the invention the object is achieved by the braking device with the features of claim 1, wherein the dependent claims constitute embodiments of the first claim.

A brake device for a wheel of a two- or three-wheeled vehicle according to the prior art comprises a brake element and a pneumatic System comprising at least one force-exerting volume-variable element. According to the invention, the pneumatic system moreover has at least one electric pump activated during each braking cycle. The brake device has no accumulator. In this case, the pneumatic system is designed such that the at least one force-exerting

Volume variable element releases the brake element against the force of at least one Federelemenets from the wheel and a volume change of

force-exerting, variable-volume element triggers the braking process, but only at least one spring element exerts the braking force. The renewed change in volume occurs in the case of the application of force by pressure by means of ventilation, when force is applied by a vacuum, the volume change is achieved by means of ventilation. The at least one spring element thus presses the brake element against the wheel as soon as there is sufficient pressure compensation in the at least one

force-exerting, volume-variable element is made. This results in the deceleration being performed at the required speed without the hard intervention of a brake leading to a dangerous situation for the driver for whom this braking is unexpected.

The pneumatic system can be configured differently. The pump used therein can be configured both as a pressure pump, which generates excess pressure, and as a suction pump, which generates a negative pressure, and as a reversible pump, that is to say as a peristaltic pump. Further

Embodiments of the pump are conceivable. If, instead of a peristaltic pump, a suction or pressure pump is used, at least one valve must be provided according to the invention. Both variants have lines which connect the at least one force-exerting variable-volume element, the at least one valve and the at least one pump. With the valve, a ventilation or venting of the force-exerting, variable-volume element is possible. Through the pump or through the valve becomes a

Pressure change inside the force-exerting, variable-volume element causes. An increase in pressure or venting with the valve leads to a

Volume increase, pressure reduction or venting with the valve to a volume reduction. The volume reduction and enlargement leads to a movement of the brake element via a force-transmitting element. Advantageously, the pneumatic system has a condition monitoring with which, for example, leaks or insufficient pressure are detected. Thus, it can be prevented that too little force acts on the force-transmitting element by the pneumatic system, so that it comes to unwanted braking. The pressure in the pneumatic system could for example be done by means of a pressure sensor. With a decrease in pressure or inactive pressurization so could take place a pressure equalization. To prevent backflow through the pump, it is proposed to introduce a check valve.

[001 1] It is thus conceivable that the force-exerting, volume-variable element is a vessel with flexible walls, a bellows, a metal bellows, an air cushion and / or a cylinder-piston combination. Further embodiments of the

force exercising, volume variable element are conceivable.

The brake element is on the force-transmitting element with the

pneumatic system of the braking device mechanically connected. The force-transmitting element may be configured, for example, in the form of a rocker, a lever and / or a pressure plate. Further embodiments of the force-transmitting element are conceivable. The force-transmitting element can also be dispensed with altogether without departing from the scope of the invention. The braking device has a holding device, through which the

Brake device is attached to the vehicle. The force-transmitting element is mechanically connected via connecting elements, for example an axle with the holding device.

At the braking device, a switching element is preferably arranged to detect the position of the braking device. The switching element is on the

Holding device in the type, arranged that in the caused by the pneumatic system movement of the force-transmitting means and the associated movement of the braking element, the switching element its

Switching state or its output signal changes.

The holding device is connected to the frame of the two or three-wheeled

Vehicle connected. Thus, forces arising during the braking process on the Transfer frame. Furthermore, the holding device can also be designed as a luggage carrier.

Preferably, the braking device has an intelligent control unit on the two- or three-wheeled vehicle, for example in the form of a microprocessor on. The control unit receives and evaluates input signals and outputs

Output signals off. Output signals may be, for example, control signals for the pressure-changing element, for the valve, for the operation and / or direction of action of the pump and / or for signaling means. Input signals caused by actuation of the switching element by the attendant and are by the

Determination of the state of the brake device (brake released, brake not released) provided. Output signals are constantly generated by exchange with the

Switching element. Further signals can be received and evaluated by sensors, for example by the pressure sensor of the pneumatic system.

The device further comprises an actuating element which is in operative connection with the pneumatic system. The actuator is an electrical switching element which is connected via an electronic connection to the pneumatic system and / or the control unit. The

electronic connection is preferably a wireless connection, wherein the

Actuator is arranged on at least one remote control. It is also conceivable that the remote control is a mobile phone, a SmartPhone or a SmartWatch and the actuator in a suitable software on the mobile phone, the SmartPhone or the SmartWatch or a

so-called app is integrated.

For increased safety, the braking device has means

Location determination, such as a GPS receiver on. In combination with appropriate software, which is processed by the control unit, a location-dependent braking of the vehicle at a previously determined and stored location is possible above a deviation from a predetermined / stored path. In this way, positions can be stored, for example, of busy intersections in the braking device and every time the child is with the vehicle in the vicinity of this

Road intersection is located, the vehicle is braked automatically. The braking device has a power supply device. The power supply device is at least one battery or at least one accumulator. It is conceivable that the power supply device has means with which the power supply device with a power grid, a

Solar panel and / or an induction charger is connectable. It is also conceivable that the solar panel is attached to the holding device or to the vehicle itself.

The device according to the invention can be retrofitted. Advantages of the invention are, in particular when using a pneumatic system in a slow, metered braking effect. The discharge or supply of air leads to a metered movement of the brake element and thus to a metered braking of the vehicle. If braking too fast,

especially with wheels, the child fall over the handlebars.

It is also advantageous that escorts can prevent the child from moving too far away from them. Even with an emerging danger, such as a large intersection with heavy traffic, the

Parents / escorts intervene in the driving behavior of the child. With an additional locating function dangerous places in traffic can also be stored directly in the control unit of the braking device according to the invention and a braking of the vehicle at these points then takes place

automatically. This also occurs when the deviation from a given path.

The use of an intelligent control unit allows a

Observation of the temporal and logical processes of events in the

Device according to the invention and also offers numerous possibilities of function monitoring and control. The use of a pneumatic system in conjunction with a spring element and in conjunction with an external Betätigungsigiungselement which operates an intelligent control unit, allows a simple also remotely controllable provision of the braking device in the initial state over a certain distance.

Furthermore, the invention provides that the control unit all

States of the system detects. These conditions may affect the stability of the Radio communication with the remote control, signals from the pressure sensor, data from the position sensor, which detects the position of the braking element, running time of at least one pump for a filling operation of the force-transmitting,

volume variable element and the response time of a valve and the like belong. Deviating from the standard operating conditions immediately lead to the initiation of a braking process, so that in this point the safety of the driver is moved into focus. An impending failure of the system is detected and prevented further use of the vehicle. Since no memory is required, the present invention can be used on even the smallest vehicles such as wheels

Find use. Constant monitoring of the system quickly detects a failure. The onward journey is then immediately prevented by the system, whereby a high degree of security is achieved. Another feature of safety, the end feature is the structural design, which causes braking in case of failure of the system. It is also important the recoverability that sets the invention apart from the prior art.

Embodiment of the invention

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings. 1 shows an impeller for children with the braking device according to the invention,

2 shows embodiments of a brake device with pneumatic system a) with rocker as a force-transmitting element,

b) with a lever as a force-transmitting element,

c) with a lever as a force-transmitting element,

d) with lever as a force-transmitting element and with a vacuum-loaded metal bellows and

e) with a double lever as a force-transmitting element and a compression spring as a spring element,

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of the pneumatic system with a pressure or suction pump, and

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the structure of the pneumatic system with a peristaltic pump. The following statements "above", "below", "left" and "right" refer to the illustrations and not to the embodiments of the invention.

The braking device according to the invention shown in Figure 1 consists of a brake element 1, an actuating element 2, a

Power supply device and a pneumatic system (3) which transmits a force to the brake element 1, wherein the braking device is fastened by means of a holding device 5 on the vehicle.

In Figure 1, the application of the braking device according to the invention is shown on an impeller. At the rear suspension two supports 51 of the holding device 5 are respectively fixed to the right and left of the wheel. In the holding device 5, the pneumatic system 3 is integrated. This comprises a pressure-changing element 3b, for example a compressor. Furthermore, the pneumatic system 3 comprises a valve for ventilation or a volume variable element 3a, here a bellows. Inlets and outlets, in the form of hoses, connect the pressure-changing element 3b to the valve and the variable-volume element 3a. Below the holding device 5, fastened with a connecting element 6, here an axis, a force-transmitting element 4, here a rocker, is arranged. The rocker is moved by the increase in volume and volume reduction of the volume variable element 3a, which is located below and at the end remote from the saddle end of the holding device 5. At the saddle end facing the rocker is a brake element 1 in the form of a

Brake pad arranged. By pumping the volume variable element 3a and the volume expansion associated therewith, the rocker on the side of the variable volume element 3a is pressed down and consequently the other side of the rocker with the brake element 1 upwards. In this position, the brake device is released. When venting the air through the valve from the variable volume element 3a and the associated

Volume reduction of the brake pad 1 is pressed by the spring element 8 (not shown here) down on the wheel. Due to the friction between

Brake elements and wheel is achieved a braking effect (shown in Figure 1 b). A stabilizing element 7, here a rod, which the seat post with the

Holding device 5 connects, absorbs the resulting forces during braking. The braking device is controlled by an actuating element 2. The actuating element 2 is an electrical switching element which is in this

Embodiment is attached to an entrained by the escort remote control. By pressing the actuator 2, the brake device is operated by radio. Accompanying persons can thus trigger the braking effect in case of danger or if the child has moved too far and the child on the

Stop driving. It is also conceivable that in the event of an interruption

Radio connection or in case of detection of a malfunction by the integrated

Self-monitoring the braking effect is triggered. Furthermore, an equipment of the braking device with a GPS receiver is conceivable. In combination with a control unit dangerous positions can be stored, for example, in traffic. In a defined environmental radius of these positions, the brake device automatically brakes the vehicle.

Figure 2 shows various embodiments of a braking device with a pneumatic system 3. In Figure 2a, the force-transmitting element 4 is designed as a rocker and rotatable via the connecting element 6 at a

Holding device 5 stored. At one end of the rocker is the

Brake element 1, which is arranged on the wheel 10 facing side. On the one hand, the rotation takes place about the pivot point of the connecting element 6 by the force of the spring element 8, here a leaf spring, which is arranged at the end of the rocker, on which also the brake element 1 is arranged. The spring element 8 is also attached to the holding device 5 and exerts its force on the rocker, so that the brake element 1 is pressed permanently against the wheel 10. The volume-variable element 3 a, here a bellows, is arranged between rocker and holding device 5 at the other end of the rocker, on which the brake element 1 is not located. If the bellows is pressurized, there is a volume expansion of the bellows. As a result, the spring force of the spring element 8 is counteracted and the rocker rotates about the pivot point such that the brake element 1 is lifted and removed from the wheel 10. A switching element 9 is arranged on the holding device 5. If the brake element 1 is far enough away from the wheel 10 is due to the movement of the rocker the

Switching element 9 is actuated. A control unit receives the signal of the

Switching element 9 and can turn in the form of an LED light or a Speaker output an output signal, indicating that the brake is released. Bleeding the bellows via a valve releases its force and the force of the spring element 8 rotates the rocker to its original position, so that the brake element 1 exerts a braking effect on the wheel 10.

In Figure 2b, the force-transmitting element 4 is designed as a lever which rotatably at one end via the connecting element 6 at a

Holding device 5 is mounted. At the other, free end of the lever is the brake element 1, which on the wheel 10 side facing

is arranged. On the one hand, the lever rotation takes place around the pivot point of the

Connecting element 6 by the force of the spring element 8, here a leaf spring, which is also arranged at the free end of the lever. The spring element 8 is located between the holding device 5 and lever and exerts its force on the lever, so that the brake element 1 is pressed permanently against the wheel 10. The variable volume element 3a, here again a bellows, is arranged at the fixed end of the lever, which is not the brake element 1, between the lever and the holding device 5 below the lever. Compared to Figure 2a, the holding device 5 is configured in Figure 2b such that it is located both above the lever and below the lever, but the holding device 5 does not obstruct the path of the brake element 1 to the wheel 10. If the bellows is pressurized, there is a volume expansion of the bellows.

As a result, the spring force of the spring element 8 is counteracted and the lever rotates about the pivot point such that the brake element 1 is lifted and removed from the wheel 10. It is also conceivable that the bellows below the free end of the lever and the brake element 1 is located centrally of the lever, as shown in Figure 2c. A switching element 9, arranged on the holding device 5, is actuated by the movement of the lever. If the brake element 1 far enough away from the wheel 10, the brake is free. In this state, the brake device is released and the vehicle can drive unrestrained. Bleeding the bellows via a valve releases its force and the force of the spring element rotates the lever back to its original position, so that the brake element 1 exerts a strong braking effect on the wheel 10.

In the described embodiments 1 -2b, the position of the volume variable element 3a with the position of the spring element. 8 be exchanged, so that with an action on the volume-changing element 3a, a braking effect is achieved, instead of canceling the braking effect.

In Figure 2c, the force-transmitting element 4 is again designed as a lever, which is rotatably mounted at its one end via the connecting element 6 to a holding device 5. At the other, free end of the lever is the brake element 1, which on the wheel 10 side facing

Connecting element 6 by the force of the spring element 8, here a leaf spring, which is also arranged at the free end of the lever. The spring element 8 is located between the holding device 5 and lever and exerts its force on the lever, so that the brake element 1 is pressed permanently against the wheel 10. The volume variable element 3a, here a loadable metal bellows, is at the fixed end of the lever, which is not the brake element 1, or located centrally and above the lever, so that the

Metal bellows between the lever and the holding device 5 is located. The

Holding device 5 is arranged as shown in Figure 2a only above the force-transmitting element 4. If the pressure-changing element 3b, here a vacuum pump, creates a vacuum in the bellows, the bellows contracts. As a result, the spring force of the spring element 8 is counteracted and the lever rotates about the pivot point such that the brake element 1 is lifted and removed from the wheel 10. The bellows thus pulls the lever up. The pulling force requires a firm connection to the holding device 5 and the lever, so as to transmit the tensile force of the bellows to the adjacent elements. A switching element 9, arranged on the holding device 5, is actuated by the movement of the lever. Is this

Brake element 1 far enough away from the wheel 10, the brake is free. In this state, the brake device is released and the vehicle can drive unrestrained. Ventilation of the bellows via a valve lifts its force and the force of the spring element 8 rotates the lever back to its original position, so that the brake element 1 exerts a force on the wheel 10. Alternatively, the metal bellows can also be designed as a bellows, as described in FIGS. 1-2b. This is then subjected to air to achieve a braking effect. The volume expansion achieved thereby causes a force which presses the lever and thus also the brake element 1 in the direction of the wheel 10. In a complete Volume expansion, the braking device is active and exerts a braking effect on the wheel 10, in a venting of the bellows lever and brake element 1 is removed from the wheel 10 and the brake dissolves. Advantageously acts

Spring element 8 assisting in the return of the brake by the

Spring element 8 pushes the lever away from the wheel 10.

In Figure 2d, the force-transmitting element 4 is designed as a lever, in the way that the lever has two lever arms, which are arranged one above the other. The lever arms are mounted on one side via a rotatable connecting element 6 on the holding device 5. Below the upper lever arm is the volume-changing element, here again a bellows. The spring element 8, here a compression spring, is located above the lower lever arm. The bellows and the spring element 8 are fastened to the holding device 5 and to the lever arms of the force-transmitting element 4. The brake element 1 is in this

Embodiment arranged below the lower lever arm. If the bellows is pressurized, there is a volume expansion of the bellows. As a result, the spring force of the spring element 8 is counteracted and the lever rotates about the pivot point such that the brake element 1 is lifted and removed from the wheel 10. It is also conceivable that the bellows is located below the free end of the lever and the brake element in the center of the lever, as shown in Figure 2c. A switching element 9, arranged on the holding device 5, is actuated by the movement of the lever. If the brake element 1 far enough away from the wheel 10, the brake is free. In this state, the brake device is released and the vehicle can drive unrestrained. Bleeding the bellows via a valve releases its force and the force of the spring rotates the lever back to its original position, so that the brake element 1 exerts a braking action on the wheel 10.

In Figure 3, a proposal for the construction of the pneumatic system is shown schematically. The drawn arrows correspond to the flow direction when using a pressure pump. The pressure-changing element 3b acts on the volume-variable element 3a with a gaseous medium, preferably air. An optional check valve, which may also be integrated in the pressure-changing element 3b, prevents a backflow of the gaseous medium from the volume-variable element 3a. The pressure-changing element 3b causes a volume expansion of the variable-volume element 3a and thus a Movement of the brake element 1. The switching element 9 is activated by the movement of the brake element and can therefore serve the control unit as a signal generator on the location of the brake elements 1. Also, a pressure sensor can measure the pressure prevailing in the volume-variable element 3a pressure and send this value to the control unit for further processing. About the valve for venting or ventilation, the gaseous medium is discharged in the case of a pressure pump from the volume variable element.

In Figure 3, a further proposal for the construction of the pneumatic system is shown schematically. The arrows shown correspond to the direction of flow when using a peristaltic pump. The peristaltic pump acts on the volume-variable element 3a with a gaseous medium, preferably air. Due to the volume change, a force on the

Braking applied, which in turn gives a force on the tire, not shown, of the vehicle. With the variable volume element 3a

arranged pressure sensor, the volume variable element 3a can be monitored. For discharging the gaseous medium from the variable volume element 3a, the effective direction of the peristaltic pump is changed and the gaseous medium pumped out of the variable volume element 3a.

In all embodiments, a control unit in the

Be integrated braking device, which on the one hand, the state of the brake (solved, not solved) can detect, but on the other can perform additional functions that monitor the braking device in their functioning. A

Observing the timings of the processes in the braking device offers numerous possibilities of function monitoring and control.

For example, the battery condition of the brake device can be monitored. For this purpose, the time that elapses between activation of the pneumatic system 3 and response of the switching element 9 is measured. If this time deviates too much from a standard value, a feared malfunction of the brake device, caused by a low battery condition, can be concluded. Another control may be the use of a

pneumatic system 3 are made. With increasing

Time of use of the braking device may result in unacceptable leaks in the variable volume element 3a. As a result of this leakage, the pressure in the volume-variable element 3a decreases, as a result of which the switching element 9 is actuated. However, since a braking effect is not required, the signal of the switching element 9 leads to the start of the pressure-changing element 3b, which tries to compensate for the lost pressure again. At this time, the switching element 9 is re-actuated and the pressure-changing element 3b is turned off.

The frequency and duration of these post-pumping events indicate the tightness of the system.

The described and other controls are software-based and require a control unit.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 brake element

2 actuator

3 Pneumatic system

3a variable volume element

3b pressure-changing element

4 force transmitting element

5 holding device

51 columns

6 connecting element

7 stabilizing elements

8 spring element

9 switching element

10 wheel

Claims

claims

Braking device for a wheel (10) of a two- or three-wheeled vehicle comprising a brake element (1) and a pneumatic system (3), wherein the pneumatic system (3) comprises at least one force-exerting volume-variable element (3a), characterized in that the pneumatic system (3) has at least one electric pump (3b) activated during each braking cycle and the pneumatic system is designed in such a way that the at least one force-exerting volume-variable element (3a) releases the brake element against the force of at least one spring element (8) and a ventilation of the at least one force-exerting, volume-variable element (3a) triggers the braking process and only the at least one spring element exerts the braking force.

2. Braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Pneumatic system additionally has at least one valve for ventilation or ventilation of the force-exerting, variable-volume element (3a).

3. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the pneumatic system (3) has a pressure sensor and / or a check valve.

4. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the brake element (1) is mechanically connected via a force-transmitting element (4) to the force-exerting, variable-volume element (3a).

5. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the braking device has a holding device (5) and the force-transmitting element (4) via connecting elements (6) with the

Holding device (5) is mechanically connected.

6. Braking device according to claim 5, characterized in that the

Holding device (5) is designed as a luggage carrier.

7. Braking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the braking device comprises one or more lighting means, which also serve to indicate the function of the braking device.

8. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that a switching element (9) is arranged to detect the state of the braking device.

9. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that a position indicator is arranged, which is designed such that it can detect the position of the braking element (1).

10. Braking device according to claim 10, characterized in that the

Switching element (9) on the holding device (5) is arranged.

1 1. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device comprises a control unit.

12. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit is designed such that they

Conditions of the system such as stability of radio communication with the remote control and / or pressure sensor and / or position indicator and / or running time of the pump and / or response time of the valve evaluates and detects abnormal operating conditions that lead to the triggering of a braking operation.

13. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device has means for determining location.