WO2017199735A1 - 液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置、液化ガス貯留タンク、液化ガス運搬船及び液化ガスによる急冷可否判定方法 - Google Patents
液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置、液化ガス貯留タンク、液化ガス運搬船及び液化ガスによる急冷可否判定方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017199735A1 WO2017199735A1 PCT/JP2017/016984 JP2017016984W WO2017199735A1 WO 2017199735 A1 WO2017199735 A1 WO 2017199735A1 JP 2017016984 W JP2017016984 W JP 2017016984W WO 2017199735 A1 WO2017199735 A1 WO 2017199735A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquefied gas
- temperature
- tank
- partition wall
- support member
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 154
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/12—Supports
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
- F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0192—Details of mounting arrangements with external bearing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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- F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
- F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for determining the possibility of quenching by liquefied gas, a liquefied gas storage tank, a liquefied gas carrier, and a method of deciding the possibility of quenching by liquefied gas.
- a carrier carrying liquefied gas such as LNG (liquefied natural gas) includes a tank for containing the liquefied gas. Such a tank is often supported at the bottom of the hull via a cylindrical support member called a skirt.
- the tank and the support member are warmer than the loaded liquefied gas in the empty state where the liquefied gas is not stored in the tank. For example, in this state, when cryogenic liquefied gas is loaded into the tank, the tank and the support member are cooled. At this time, the tank in direct contact with the liquefied gas is cooled prior to the support member. Since the tank shrinks upon being cooled, when the temperature of the tank drops sharply and shrinks, a large thermal stress may act on the joint portion between the tank and the support member.
- Patent Document 1 in order to prevent breakage of the joint portion between the tank and the support member at the time of loading, the liquefied gas is sprayed little by little into the tank from the spray pipe in the tank before loading the liquefied gas.
- a configuration is disclosed that gently pre-cools the support member. In such a configuration, by preloading the liquefied gas into the tank after precooling the tank to, for example, about -100 ° C., the temperature of the tank is rapidly reduced to generate a large thermal stress. It is possible to suppress.
- the temperature of the tank and the support member is low to some extent before loading.
- the temperature difference between the tank and the support member is small, even if liquefied gas is added to the tank and loaded while the temperature of the tank does not drop to about -100 ° C, the joint portion between the tank and the support member In some cases, excessive thermal stress does not work. In such a case, for example, if the tank is precooled to -100.degree. C., the start of loading of the tank will be delayed and the operation will take time.
- the present invention can appropriately determine whether or not the joint between the tank and the support member can be quenched rapidly by the liquefied gas, and can determine the quenching possibility by the liquefied gas, the liquefied gas storage tank, the liquefied gas carrier and the liquefied gas determination method by the liquefied gas Intended to provide.
- the quenchability determination device using liquefied gas includes the first temperature detection unit, the second temperature detection unit, the temperature difference acquisition unit, and the determination unit.
- the first temperature detection unit detects the temperature of the partition wall of the tank in which the liquefied gas is stored.
- the second temperature detection unit detects the temperature of a support member that supports the tank.
- the temperature difference acquisition unit acquires a temperature difference between the temperature of the partition wall detected by the first temperature detection unit and the temperature of the support member detected by the second temperature detection unit.
- the determination unit determines whether or not the joint between the tank and the support member with the liquefied gas can be rapidly cooled based on at least two of the temperature of the partition wall, the temperature of the support member, and the temperature difference.
- the temperature difference between the temperature of the partition wall of the tank and the temperature of the support member is small, the stress generated between the partition wall and the support member will be small. Therefore, even if the temperature of the partition is not lowered, it is determined in the determination section that the liquefied gas can be used to rapidly cool the tank if the temperature difference between the temperature of the partition and the temperature of the support member is small. it can. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the partition wall and the support member that can be determined that quenching by liquefied gas is possible differs depending on the temperature of the partition wall.
- the determination unit determines whether the tank can be rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas based on at least two of the temperature of the partition wall, the temperature of the support member, and the temperature difference between the partition wall and the support member. Thus, for example, it is possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed when loading liquefied gas, and loading of liquefied gas can be started early.
- the first temperature detection unit forms a part of the partition wall of the tank and detects the temperature of the joining member to which the support member is joined.
- the first temperature detection unit forms a part of the partition wall of the tank and detects the temperature of the bonding member to which the support member is bonded, thereby detecting the temperature of the partition wall at a position close to the bonding portion with the support member. can do.
- the temperature change of the tank when precooling the tank can be detected with high sensitivity. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of liquefied gas, and loading of liquefied gas can be started early.
- the second temperature detection unit may detect the temperature of the upper portion of the support member in the support member.
- a temperature change when heat is propagated between the partition wall of the tank and the support member at the time of precooling a position close to the junction with the partition wall Can be detected with high sensitivity. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately determine whether the tank is rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas, for example, it is possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of the liquefied gas, and loading of the liquefied gas can be started early.
- the end on the side to be joined to the partition is higher in thermal conductivity than the portion on the side separated from the partition It is also good.
- the end on the side to be joined to the partition in the support member is formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and the temperature of the end is detected by the second temperature detection unit to support the partition and support of the tank at the time of precooling. It is possible to detect the temperature change when the heat is transmitted to and from the member with higher sensitivity.
- the temperature of the partition wall or the support member and the temperature difference are determined by the tank using the liquefied gas. Based on the determination of whether or not the stress generated in the joint portion between the partition wall and the support member when cooled is within a range set so as to be equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, the liquefied gas It may be determined whether the joint between the tank and the support member is rapidly cooled or not. According to such a configuration, the temperature of the partition wall or the support member and the temperature difference are within a range set so that the stress generated in the joint portion between the partition wall and the support member is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value.
- the stress generated at the joint can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately determine whether the tank is rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas, for example, it is possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of the liquefied gas, and loading of the liquefied gas can be started early.
- the determination unit when the temperature of the partition wall is equal to or lower than a predetermined reference value, the determination unit according to the fifth aspect can rapidly quench the tank with the liquefied gas in the tank. It may be determined that By this configuration, even if the temperature difference between the temperature of the partition wall of the tank and the temperature of the support member is large, for example, if the temperature of the partition wall is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, Even when loading of liquefied gas is started, the stress generated at the joint portion can be suppressed.
- the liquefied gas storage tank includes the tank body for storing liquefied gas, the supporting member for supporting the tank body, the precooling unit for precooling the tank body, and the tank body.
- a gas feed unit for feeding liquefied gas, and a device for determining whether to quench with liquefied gas according to any one of the first to sixth aspects are provided.
- the determination unit can determine that the quenching by the liquefied gas is possible if the temperature difference between the partition wall temperature and the temperature of the support member is small. In this manner, it is possible to appropriately determine whether the tank should be rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas, to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of the liquefied gas, and to start loading of the liquefied gas at an early stage.
- a liquefied gas carrier includes the liquefied gas storage tank according to the seventh aspect, and a hull mounted with the liquefied gas storage tank.
- a method of determining the possibility of quenching by liquefied gas comprising the steps of: detecting a temperature of a partition of a tank containing the liquefied gas; detecting a temperature of a support member supporting the tank; ,including.
- the method for determining the possibility of quenching by liquefied gas comprises: obtaining a temperature difference between the temperature of the partition wall and the temperature of the support member; at least two of the temperature of the partition wall, the temperature of the support member, and the temperature difference And a step of determining whether the joint between the tank and the support member is rapidly cooled or not by the liquefied gas.
- the rapid cooling possibility determination device using liquefied gas the liquefied gas storage tank, the liquefied gas carrier, and the rapid cooling possibility determination method using liquefied gas, it is possible to appropriately determine the rapid cooling possibility of the joint between the tank and the support member with liquefied gas. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing of the tank provided in the carrier in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view showing composition of a junction part of a tank main part which constitutes a tank in a first embodiment of this invention, and a skirt which supports a tank main part. It is a figure showing functional composition of a control device in a first embodiment of this invention. It is a flow chart of control at the time of performing precooling of a tank main part in a first embodiment of this invention.
- a diagram showing an example of a correlation map between a partition wall temperature and a temperature difference showing a range in which a stress generated at a junction between the partition wall and the support member becomes equal to or less than a predetermined reference value when liquefied gas is loaded into the tank body. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tank provided in a carrier according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the carrier (liquefied gas carrier) 10 of this embodiment carries liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the carrier 10 includes at least a hull 11 and a tank (liquefied gas storage tank) 12.
- the hull 11 is formed of a steel material, and includes a tank accommodating portion 14 that accommodates the tank 12 and forms a so-called hold space.
- the tank housing portion 14 includes a housing recess 15 and a tank cover 13.
- the housing recess 15 is recessed toward the lower boat bottom 11b with respect to the upper deck 11a, and opens upward.
- a plurality of tanks 12 are arranged side by side from the bow side of the hull 11 toward the stern side.
- the tank cover 13 mainly covers the upper portion of the tank 12.
- the tank cover 13 is provided on the upper deck 11 a of the hull 11. Further, the tank cover 13 is formed to be convex toward the upper side.
- Each tank 12 includes a tank body 20 and a skirt (support member) 22 that supports the tank body 20.
- the tank body 20 accommodates therein the liquefied gas to be transported.
- the tank body 20 is formed by a partition that divides the inside and the outside.
- the tank body 20 is made of, for example, an aluminum alloy and has a spherical shape.
- the tank body 20 is not limited to the spherical shape.
- the tank body 20 may be, for example, a cylindrical or conical cylindrical shape having a constant diameter in the middle in the vertical direction, and a hemispherical shape in the upper and lower sides, respectively, and the vertical cross-sectional shape may be long in the vertical direction.
- a hollow cylindrical pipe tower (gas supply unit) 21 extending from the bottom 20b of the tank body 20 toward the top 20t is provided.
- a spray nozzle (pre-cooling portion) 21n is provided as a coolant, which sprays liquefied gas of the same kind as the transportation object into the tank body 20.
- liquefied gas to be transported is stored in the tank body 20 by being fed from the bottom portion 20b of the tank body 20 through a gas feed pipe (not shown).
- the outer surface of such a tank body 20 is covered with a heat insulating material (not shown).
- the skirt 22 is cylindrical and is provided on a foundation deck portion 16 provided in the housing recess 15.
- the skirt 22 supports the tank body 20 so that the upper portion 20 a thereof projects above the upper deck 11 a of the hull 11.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure of the joint portion between the tank body and the skirt supporting the tank body in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the skirt 22 is joined to a joining member 23 provided on the tank body 20.
- the joining member 23 is provided in a portion of the tank body 20 to which the skirt 22 is joined.
- the portion to which the skirt 22 is joined is, for example, the largest diameter portion (so-called equatorial portion) in the vertical direction of the tank body 20 which is spherical in the example of FIG.
- the joint member 23 integrally includes a main body portion 23a which forms a part of a partition of the tank main body 20, and a skirt joint portion 23b which branches from the main body portion 23a and extends downward and the skirt 22 is joined. ing.
- the bonding member 23 is formed of the same material as the tank body 20.
- the upper portion 22 a of the skirt 22 joined to the skirt joint portion 23 b of the joint member 23 is formed of an aluminum alloy.
- the lower portion 22 c of the skirt 22 joined to the foundation deck portion 16 is formed of a steel material made of the same material as the foundation deck portion 16 or the hull 11.
- an intermediate portion 22b between the upper portion 22a and the lower portion 22c is formed of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the upper portion 22a, for example, a stainless alloy.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the control device in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Each tank 12 is provided with a control device (a determination device for determining whether or not to quench with liquefied gas) 30 (see FIG. 3) that controls loading of the liquefied gas to be transported into the tank body 20.
- the control device 30 includes a first temperature detection unit 31, a second temperature detection unit 32, a temperature difference acquisition unit 33, a determination unit 34, a nozzle controller 35, and a pump controller 36. Equipped with
- the first temperature detection unit 31 detects the temperature of the partition wall of the tank body 20.
- the first temperature detection unit 31 is provided to detect, for example, the temperature of the main body 23a of the bonding member 23 as a partition wall temperature (partition wall temperature) T1.
- the second temperature detection unit 32 detects the temperature of the skirt 22.
- the second temperature detection unit 32 is provided in the skirt 22 so as to detect the temperature of the upper portion 22a formed of a material having high thermal conductivity and close to the skirt joint portion 23b as the skirt temperature T2. .
- the temperature difference acquisition unit 33 determines the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank main body 20 detected by the first temperature detection unit 31 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 detected by the second temperature detection unit 32.
- the determination unit 34 determines whether or not to supply the liquefied gas to be transported into the tank body 20.
- the nozzle controller 35 turns ON / OFF the spraying operation of the liquefied gas (coolant) for precooling by the spray nozzle 21 n (see FIG. 1).
- the pump controller 36 turns ON / OFF the operation of feeding liquefied gas into the tank body 20 by the gas delivery pipe (not shown).
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of control at the time of performing precooling of the tank body in the control device in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- precooling of the tank 12 is started (step S101).
- the control device 30 causes the nozzle controller 35 to spray liquefied gas of the same type as the liquid gas to be transported as a coolant from the spray nozzle 21 n in the tank body 20.
- the tank body 20 is cooled, and the skirt 22 is further cooled from the tank body 20 via the joining member 23.
- the control device 30 detects the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 by the first temperature detection unit 31 and the second temperature detection unit 32 at predetermined predetermined time intervals (step S102).
- the determination unit 34 is based on the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank main body 20 detected in step S102 and the temperature difference ⁇ T between the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank main body 20 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 acquired in step S103. Then, it is determined whether or not the liquid gas to be transported into the tank body 20 can be rapidly cooled (step S104). Here, based on the correlation map between the partition wall temperature T1 and the temperature difference ⁇ T, the determination unit 34 determines whether or not a predetermined pre-cooling completion condition is satisfied.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a correlation map between a partition wall temperature and a temperature difference, which shows a range in which the stress generated at the joint between the partition wall and the support member becomes smaller than a predetermined reference value when liquefied gas is loaded into the tank body.
- the threshold line L1 is represented by, for example, the following equation (1).
- Y a ⁇ X + b (1)
- a and b are coefficients set in advance.
- the threshold line L1 is the partition wall temperature T1 and the temperature at which the stress generated at the joint portion between the main body 23a of the joint member 23 and the skirt 22 when the liquefied gas is loaded in the tank body 20 is equal to or lower than a predetermined reference value.
- the boundary between the range A1 of the difference ⁇ T and the other range is set.
- a point determined by the partition wall temperature T1 detected and acquired in steps S102 and S103 and the temperature difference .DELTA.T exceeds the threshold line L1 and falls within the range A1 satisfying the precooling completion condition.
- the determination unit 34 determines that the loading condition of the liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is satisfied and that loading is possible.
- the pump controller 36 when receiving the output signal from the determination unit 34, switches on a pump (not shown) for feeding liquefied gas into the tank body 20 by the gas feed pipe (not shown). Thereby, the loading of the liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is started (step S105). At this time, the nozzle controller 35 may stop the spray operation of the coolant for precooling by the spray nozzle 21 n to stop the precooling processing of the tank main body 20.
- a change curve P1 shows an example of changes in the partition wall temperature T1 and the temperature difference ⁇ T when the tank body 20 is precooled.
- the change curve P1 when the precooling of the tank body 20 is started, the temperature of the tank body 20 precedes the skirt 22, and the temperature difference ⁇ T becomes large. Thereafter, when the temperature drop of the tank body 20 propagates to the skirt 22 and the temperature drop of the skirt 22 starts, the temperature difference ⁇ T becomes smaller.
- the threshold line L1 is exceeded.
- the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 by the liquefied gas are based on the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 and the temperature difference ⁇ T between the partition wall temperature T1 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22. It is possible to determine whether or not the joint between the two is rapidly cooled. Therefore, in the determination unit 34, even if the partition wall temperature T1 does not fall to, for example, the threshold temperature X (for example, -100.degree. C.) used as a conventional precooling completion condition, the partition temperature T1 and the skirt temperature of the skirt 22.
- the threshold temperature X for example, -100.degree. C.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T with T2 is small, it can be determined that quenching of the tank body 20 with liquefied gas is possible and loading of liquefied gas is possible. In this way, it is possible to reduce the time required for precooling performed when loading liquefied gas, and loading of liquefied gas can be started early. As a result, loading to the tank body 20 can be started at an appropriate timing.
- the first temperature detection unit 31 can also detect a temperature of the joining member 23 to which the skirt 22 is joined by forming a part of the main body portion 23 a of the joining member 23 of the tank body 20. Therefore, the partition wall temperature T1 can be detected at a position close to the junction with the skirt 22. As a result, the temperature change of the tank body 20 when the tank body 20 is precooled can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the temperature of the upper portion 22 a on the side where the skirt 22 is joined to the main body portion 23 a of the joining member 23 can be detected by the second temperature detection unit 32. Therefore, a temperature change due to heat propagation between the main body portion 23a of the joining member 23 of the tank main body 20 and the skirt 22 is detected with high sensitivity at a position close to the joining portion with the main body portion 23a of the joining member 23 at the time of precooling. Can.
- the upper portion 22 a on the side to be joined to the main body portion 23 a of the joining member 23 is formed of a material having high thermal conductivity. Therefore, by detecting the temperature of the upper portion 22a of the skirt 22 with the second temperature detection unit 32, a temperature change due to heat propagation between the main portion 23a of the joining member 23 of the tank main body 20 and the skirt 22 at the time of precooling It can be detected with higher sensitivity.
- determination unit 34 predetermines a stress generated in the joint portion between main body portion 23a of joint member 23 and skirt 22 when partition wall temperature T1 and temperature difference ⁇ T load liquefied gas into tank main body 20. It is possible to determine whether the joint between the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 with liquefied gas can be rapidly cooled or not, based on whether or not it is within the range set to be equal to or less than the reference value. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of liquefied gas, and loading of liquefied gas can be started at an early stage.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of control when performing precooling of the tank body in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- precooling of the tank 12 is started (step S201).
- the control device 30 causes the nozzle controller 35 to spray liquefied gas of the same type as the liquid gas to be transported as a coolant from the spray nozzle 21 n in the tank main body 20.
- the tank body 20 is cooled, and the skirt 22 is further cooled via the joining member 23.
- the control device 30 detects the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 by the first temperature detection unit 31 and the second temperature detection unit 32 at predetermined predetermined time intervals (step S202).
- the determination unit 34 is based on the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 detected in step S202, and the temperature difference ⁇ T between the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 acquired in step S203. Then, it is determined whether or not the tank body 20 is rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas, and it is determined whether the loading of the liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is possible.
- step S204 it is determined whether the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank main body 20 detected in step S202 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold Z, for example, -100.degree. C. (step S204).
- a predetermined threshold Z for example, -100.degree. C.
- the threshold line L2 is represented by, for example, the following equation (2).
- Y a ⁇ X + b, where X ⁇ Z (2)
- a and b are coefficients set in advance.
- the determining unit 34 determines that the liquefied gas can be rapidly cooled and that loading of the liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is possible.
- step S204 or S205 If it is determined in step S204 or S205 that the determination unit 34 can rapidly cool the tank body 20 with liquefied gas and that loading of liquefied gas is possible, the pump controller 36 The pump (not shown) for feeding liquefied gas into the tank main body 20 according to (No) is switched ON. As a result, loading of liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is started (step S206).
- the nozzle controller 35 may stop the pre-cooling process of the tank body 20 by stopping the spray operation of the pre-cooling coolant by the spray nozzle 21 n.
- liquefaction is performed based on the partition temperature T1 of the tank main body 20 and the temperature difference .DELTA.T between the partition temperature T1 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22. It is possible to determine whether the joint portion between the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 by gas can be rapidly cooled. This makes it possible to shorten the time required for precooling performed at the time of loading of liquefied gas, and loading of liquefied gas can be started early. Therefore, it is possible to start loading to the tank body 20 at an appropriate timing.
- the determination unit 34 determines that the loading of the liquefied gas into the tank body 20 is possible. Therefore, even if the temperature difference ⁇ T between the partition wall temperature T1 of the tank body 20 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22 is large, if the partition wall temperature T1 is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, liquefaction into the tank body 20 Loading of gas can be started early.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method of setting a threshold line for determining whether to load liquefied gas into a tank.
- the temperature distribution of the tank body 20, the joint member 23, and the skirt 22 in a state in which the tank 12 is being precooled or in a state in which the carrier 10 is navigating is, for example, It simulates by Finite Element Method analysis (finite element method) (step S301).
- step S301 when the liquefied gas is loaded into the tank body 20 or when the liquefied gas is shaken in the tank body 20 during navigation, the joining member 23 is quenched by the liquefied gas
- the temperature distribution in the case is simulated by FEM analysis (step S302).
- Step S303 when the temperature distribution at the time of rapid cooling obtained in step S302 is applied to the bonding member 23 as a thermal load, the stress generated at the boundary between the main body 23a of the bonding member 23 and the skirt bonding portion 23b is determined ( Step S303).
- step S303 the stress obtained in step S303 falls within a predetermined reference value (step S304).
- step S305 the temperature distribution which permits rapid cooling in the bonding member 23 is specified, and the equations (1) and (2) for setting the threshold lines L1 and L2 are determined (step S305).
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes the above-described embodiment with various modifications added thereto, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. That is, the specific shape, configuration, and the like described in the embodiment are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.
- threshold lines L1 and L2 are illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, if it is determined whether loading of liquefied gas is to be performed based on partition wall temperature T1 and temperature difference .DELTA.T, threshold lines other than those illustrated are used. May be
- the temperature of the bonding member 23 is detected as the partition wall temperature T1
- the temperature of another part may be detected.
- the skirt temperature T2 may also be detected at a portion other than the upper portion 22a of the skirt 22.
- whether or not the joint between the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 by the liquefied gas can be rapidly cooled can be determined based on the partition wall temperature T1 and the temperature difference ⁇ T between the partition wall temperature T1 and the skirt temperature T2. Yes, but it is not limited to this. It is only necessary to determine whether or not the joint between the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 can be rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas based on at least two of the partition wall temperature T1, the skirt temperature T2 and the temperature difference ⁇ T.
- rapid cooling determination of the junction of the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 with liquefied gas may be performed, or the partition temperature T1 and the skirt temperature T2 of the skirt 22. It may be determined whether the joint between the tank body 20 and the skirt 22 by the liquefied gas can be rapidly cooled or not.
- the determination as to whether or not to load the liquefied gas is made by performing the determination as to whether or not the tank is rapidly cooled by the liquefied gas.
- the application of the result of the determination as to the rapidity determination is not limited thereto.
- the rapid cooling possibility determination device using liquefied gas the liquefied gas storage tank, the liquefied gas carrier, and the rapid cooling possibility determination method using liquefied gas, it is possible to appropriately determine the rapid cooling possibility of the joint between the tank and the support member with liquefied gas. it can.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年5月16日に、日本に出願された特願2016-097769号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このようなタンクは、船体底部に、スカートと称される円筒状の支持部材を介して支持されている場合が多い。
このような構成においては、タンクを例えば-100℃程度まで予冷した後に、タンク内への液化ガスの積み込みを開始することで、タンクの温度が急激に低下して大きな熱応力が発生するのを抑えることが可能となっている。
この発明は、液化ガスによるタンクと支持部材との接合部の急冷可否判定を適切に行うことができる液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置、液化ガス貯留タンク、液化ガス運搬船及び液化ガスによる急冷可否判定方法を提供することを目的とする。
さらに、液化ガスによる急冷が可能と判定できる隔壁と支持部材との温度差は、隔壁の温度に応じて異なる。そのため、判定部では、隔壁の温度、支持部材の温度、及び隔壁と支持部材との温度差のうちの少なくとも二つに基づいて、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を行っている。これにより、例えば、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように第一温度検出部でタンクの隔壁の一部を形成し、支持部材が接合される接合部材の温度を検出することで、支持部材との接合部に近い位置で隔壁の温度を検出することができる。これにより、タンクの予冷を行ったときのタンクの温度変化を高い感度で検出することができる。したがって、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように第二温度検出部で支持部材の上部の温度を検出することで、予冷時にタンクの隔壁と支持部材との間で熱伝播したときの温度変化を、隔壁との接合部に近い位置で高い感度で検出することができる。したがって、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、例えば、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように支持部材において隔壁に接合される側の端部を熱伝導率が高い材料で形成し、この端部の温度を第二温度検出部で検出することで、予冷時にタンクの隔壁と支持部材との間で熱伝播したときの温度変化を、より高い感度で検出することができる。したがって、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、例えば、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このような構成によれば、隔壁又は支持部材の温度と、温度差とが、隔壁と前記支持部材との接合部分に生じる応力が予め定めた基準値以下となるように設定された範囲内にあれば、接合部が極低温の液化ガスにより急冷されても、接合部分に生じる応力を抑えることができる。したがって、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、例えば、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように構成することで、タンクの隔壁の温度と支持部材の温度との温度差が大きい状態であっても、例えば、隔壁の温度が予め定めた基準値以下であれば、タンク内への液化ガスの積み込みを開始しても、接合部分に生じる応力を抑えることができる。
このように構成することで、タンク本体の隔壁の温度と支持部材の温度との温度差が小さければ、隔壁と支持部材との間で発生する応力を小さく抑えることができる。そのため、判定部において、隔壁の温度が下がっていない状態であっても、隔壁の温度と支持部材の温度との温度差が小さければ、液化ガスによる急冷が可能であると判定することができる。このようにして、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように構成することで、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
このように構成することで、液化ガスによるタンクの急冷可否判定を適切に行い、例えば、液化ガスの積み込みに際して行う予冷に要する時間を短縮することが可能となり、早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することができる。
次に、この発明の第一実施形態に係る運搬船を図面に基づき説明する。
図1は、この発明の第一実施形態における運搬船に設けられたタンクの断面図である。
この実施形態の運搬船(液化ガス運搬船)10は、液化天然ガス(LNG)等の液化ガスを運搬する。
図1に示すように、この運搬船10は、船体11と、タンク(液化ガス貯留タンク)12と、を少なくとも備えている。
収容凹部15は、上甲板11aに対して下方の船底部11bに向けて凹み、上方に向かって開口している。収容凹部15内には、複数のタンク12が、船体11の船首側から船尾側に向けて並べて配置されている。
タンク本体20は、例えばアルミニウム合金製で、球形をなしている。タンク本体20は、球形に限らない。タンク本体20は、例えば、上下方向の中間部を一定の径を有した筒状又は円錐筒状とし、その上下をそれぞれ半球状として、鉛直断面形状が上下方向に長い形状としてもよい。
また、タンク本体20内には、運搬対象の液化ガスが、ガス送給管(図示無し)を通してタンク本体20の底部20bから送り込まれることで貯留される。
このようなタンク本体20の外表面は、断熱材(図示無し)によって被覆されている。
図2に示すように、スカート22は、タンク本体20に設けられた接合部材23に接合されている。接合部材23は、タンク本体20において、スカート22が接合される部分に設けられている。スカート22が接合される部分は、例えば図2の例では球状のタンク本体20の上下方向において最大径部分(いわゆる赤道部分)である。接合部材23は、タンク本体20の隔壁の一部を形成する本体部23aと、本体部23aから分岐して下方に向かって延び、スカート22が接合されるスカート接合部23bと、を一体に備えている。この接合部材23は、タンク本体20と同材料により形成されている。
各タンク12は、タンク本体20内への運搬対象の液化ガスの積み込みを制御する制御装置(液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置)30(図3参照)を備えている。
図3に示すように、制御装置30は、第一温度検出部31と、第二温度検出部32と、温度差取得部33と、判定部34と、ノズルコントローラ35と、ポンプコントローラ36と、を備える。
図4に示すように、タンク本体20に液化ガスを積み込むに際しては、まず、タンク12の予冷を開始する(ステップS101)。これには、制御装置30で、ノズルコントローラ35により、タンク本体20内のスプレーノズル21nから冷却材として運搬対象の液化ガスと同種の液化ガスを噴霧する。これにより、タンク本体20が冷却され、さらに、タンク本体20から接合部材23を介してスカート22が冷却されていく。
ここで、判定部34は、隔壁温度T1と温度差ΔTとの相関マップに基づき、所定の予冷完了条件を満足しているか否かを判定する。
図5において、閾値ラインL1は、例えば、下式(1)で表される。
Y=a×X+b ・・・(1)
ここで、a,bは、予め設定される係数である。
このとき、ノズルコントローラ35は、スプレーノズル21nによる予冷用の冷却材の噴霧動作を停止し、タンク本体20の予冷処理を停止するようにしてもよい。
このように、隔壁温度T1と温度差ΔTとに基づいた判定処理を行うことで、より早期に液化ガスの積み込みを開始することが可能となる。
そのため、スカート22との接合部に近い位置で隔壁温度T1を検出することができる。
その結果、タンク本体20の予冷を行ったときのタンク本体20の温度変化を高い感度で検出することができる。
次に、この発明にかかる液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置、液化ガス貯留タンク、液化ガス運搬船及び液化ガスによる急冷可否判定方法の第二実施形態について説明する。以下に説明する第二実施形態においては、第一実施形態と、積み込み開始の可否判断の基準となるマップの構成のみが異なるので、第一実施形態と同一部分に同一符号を付して説明するとともに、重複説明を省略する。
図6に示すように、タンク本体20に液化ガスを積み込むに際して、まず初めに、タンク12の予冷を開始する(ステップS201)。この際、制御装置30は、ノズルコントローラ35により、タンク本体20内のスプレーノズル21nから、冷却材として、運搬対象の液化ガスと同種の液化ガスを噴霧させる。これにより、タンク本体20が冷却され、さらに、接合部材23を介してスカート22が冷却されていく。
この判定の結果、隔壁温度T1が閾値Z以下(T1≧Z)であれば、判定部34は、液化ガスによるタンク本体20の急冷が可能であり、タンク本体20内への液化ガスの積み込みが可能であるとの判定を行う。
Y=a×X+b 、ただしX<Z・・・(2)
ここで、a,bは、予め設定される係数である。
ここで、ノズルコントローラ35は、スプレーノズル21nによる予冷用の冷却材の噴霧動作を停止してタンク本体20の予冷処理を停止するようにしてもよい。
図8は、タンクへの液化ガスの積み込み可否判定を行うための閾値ラインの設定方法のフローチャートである。
図8に示すように、まず、タンク12について、予冷を行っている状態や、運搬船10が航行を行っている状態における、タンク本体20、接合部材23、スカート22の温度分布を、例えばFEM(Finite Element Method)解析(有限要素法)によりシミュレートする(ステップS301)。
この発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、この発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、上述した実施形態に種々の変更を加えたものを含む。すなわち、実施形態で挙げた具体的な形状や構成等は一例にすぎず、適宜変更が可能である。
例えば、図5や図7において、閾値ラインL1,L2を例示したが、隔壁温度T1と、温度差ΔTに基づいて液化ガスの積み込み可否判定を行うのであれば、例示した以外の閾値ラインを用いてもよい。
さらに、スカート温度T2についても、スカート22の上部22a以外の部位で検出するようにしてもよい。
11 船体
11a 上甲板
11b 船底部
11c 船首
11d 船尾
12 タンク(液化ガス貯留タンク)
13 タンクカバー
14 タンク収容部
15 収容凹部
16 ファウンデーションデッキ部
20 タンク本体
20a 上部
20b 底部
20t 頂部
21 パイプタワー
21n スプレーノズル(予冷部)
22 スカート(支持部材)
22a 上部
22b 中間部
22c 下部
23 接合部材
23a 本体部
23b スカート接合部
30 制御装置(液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置)
31 第一温度検出部
32 第二温度検出部
33 温度差取得部
34 判定部
35 ノズルコントローラ
36 ポンプコントローラ
A1 範囲
A2 領域
L1、L2 閾値ライン
P1 変化曲線
T1 隔壁温度(隔壁の温度)
T2 スカート温度(支持部材の温度)
Z 閾値
ΔT 温度差
Claims (9)
- 液化ガスが収容されるタンクの隔壁の温度を検出する第一温度検出部と、
前記タンクを支持する支持部材の温度を検出する第二温度検出部と、
前記第一温度検出部が検出する前記隔壁の温度と前記第二温度検出部が検出する前記支持部材の温度との温度差を取得する温度差取得部と、
前記隔壁の温度、前記支持部材の温度、及び前記温度差のうちの少なくとも二つに基づいて、前記液化ガスによる前記タンクと前記支持部材との接合部の急冷可否判定を行う判定部と、
を備える液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。 - 前記第一温度検出部は、前記タンクの前記隔壁の一部を形成するとともに、前記支持部材が接合される接合部材の温度を検出する請求項1に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。
- 前記第二温度検出部は、前記支持部材において、前記支持部材の上部の温度を検出する請求項1又は2に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。
- 前記支持部材は、前記隔壁に接合される側の端部が、前記隔壁から離間した側の部分よりも、熱伝導率が高い請求項3に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記隔壁又は前記支持部材の温度と前記温度差とが、前記タンクが前記液化ガスによって冷却されたときに前記隔壁と前記支持部材との接合部分に生じる応力が予め定めた基準値以下となるように設定された範囲内に有るか否かの判定に基づいて、前記液化ガスによる前記タンクと前記支持部材との接合部の急冷可否判定を行う請求項1又は2に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記隔壁の温度が、予め定めた基準値以下であるときに、前記タンク内への前記液化ガスによるタンクの急冷が可能であると判定する、請求項5に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置。
- 液化ガスを貯留するタンク本体と、
前記タンク本体を支持する支持部材と、
前記タンク本体を予冷する予冷部と、
前記タンク本体に前記液化ガスを送り込むガス送給部と、
請求項1又は2に記載の液化ガスによる急冷可否判定装置と、
を備える液化ガス貯留タンク。 - 請求項7に記載の液化ガス貯留タンクと、
前記液化ガス貯留タンクが搭載された船体と、
を備える液化ガス運搬船。 - 液化ガスが収容されるタンクの隔壁の温度を検出する工程と、
前記タンクを支持する支持部材の温度を検出する工程と、
前記隔壁の温度と前記支持部材の温度との温度差を取得する工程と、
前記隔壁の温度、前記支持部材の温度、及び前記温度差のうちの少なくとも二つに基づいて、前記液化ガスによる前記タンクと前記支持部材との接合部の急冷可否判定を行う工程と、
を含む液化ガスによる急冷可否判定方法。
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