WO2017129529A1 - Modifizierte reaktivharzzusammensetzungen und deren verwendung zur beschichtung von stützmitteln - Google Patents
Modifizierte reaktivharzzusammensetzungen und deren verwendung zur beschichtung von stützmitteln Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017129529A1 WO2017129529A1 PCT/EP2017/051337 EP2017051337W WO2017129529A1 WO 2017129529 A1 WO2017129529 A1 WO 2017129529A1 EP 2017051337 W EP2017051337 W EP 2017051337W WO 2017129529 A1 WO2017129529 A1 WO 2017129529A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reactive resin
- resin composition
- proppant
- flowable
- atoms
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 83
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 7
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920004493 WACKER® AK 100 SILICONE FLUID Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001240 enamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKVXNPJXXJUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CCCC Chemical compound [CH2]CCCC BFKVXNPJXXJUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl Chemical compound C[C]=O TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RMRFFCXPLWYOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl radical Chemical compound [CH2]C=C RMRFFCXPLWYOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/445—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyester sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/46—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyether sequences
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modified
- Reactive resin compositions and their use as
- the fracking process is used in the extraction of oil and gas and is a method for the generation, widening and stabilization of cracks in the rock of a deposit in the deep underground, with the aim of increasing the permeability of
- uncoated proppants are brittle and do not have the necessary compressive strength for conveying at great depths.
- the breakage of the proppant under the high pressure fines are released, which clog the cracks and the oil or
- Supporting agents have improved resistance compared to the uncoated proppants.
- the effect of the coating e.g. with organic resins, but is limited by the fact that the available coatings themselves are very brittle and also tend to break or flake.
- WO2008088449 A2 discloses a possibility for reducing the brittleness of coatings of such particles, wherein thermosetting reactive resins such as epoxy resins with block copolymers and coupling agents are added so as to achieve an improvement in the impact resistance of the coating.
- thermosetting reactive resins such as epoxy resins with block copolymers and coupling agents are added so as to achieve an improvement in the impact resistance of the coating.
- the toughener is also an expensive and expensive to produce block polymers.
- oleophilic and hydrophobic resins for example, epoxy resins and silicone resins.
- the coated particles improve the oil yield and reduce the amount
- a disadvantage is the complicated process.
- various resins such as phenolic resins are used, for example, as reinforcing fillers
- US5422183A discloses particles for use as support materials in fracking processes, which also has a two-layered structure
- US20140124200A discloses the use of hybrid materials made by chemically combining organic resins and silicone resins for coating support materials.
- the disadvantage here is the use of expensive silicone resins, an additional, complex process for chemical modification and difficult to control product quality in the reaction of two branched polymers.
- Coatings that use a reaction resin, which in itself already have a relatively low brittleness for example, epoxy resins.
- W02010060861A1 describes, for example, a homogeneous reaction resin that a
- Epoxy resin at least one organopolysiloxane homogeneously distributed by means of a silicone organocopolymer which as
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a suitable method for toughening the very brittle phenolic and melamine reactive resins and providing them of cost-effective coating compositions for proppants, a process for coating proppant and the
- the reactive resin compositions according to the invention comprise (A) 80-99.8% by weight of at least one reactive resin
- (B) has at least 3 consecutive Si-O units
- R 1 contains at least 4 atoms selected from the group of C, N, P, O and S, and in R 1 at least 2 of these atoms must be C, and
- (B) is in flowable form at 20 ° C, or by heating in a temperature range up to 250 ° C
- the critical stress intensity factor is the Klc value of the invention
- Reactive resin composition at least 0.55 MN / m 3 2 ,
- the Tg ( glass transition temperature) of the invention
- Reactive resin composition is preferably in the range 0 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably in the range 50 ° C to 230 ° C, more preferably in the range 80 ° C to 180 ° C.
- Tg is defined here as the maximum of tan delta.
- Reactive resin composition only a reactive resin (A).
- the reactive resins (A) must have a solid non-sticky
- the coating can be essentially
- Coating can also be only partially cured or provided with other reactive groups, so that a
- Suitable reaction resins (A) according to the invention are all phenolic and melamine resins which are provided with a sufficient number of suitable reactive groups for a curing reaction.
- Reaction resins (A) which preferably condensation products of aldehydes, e.g. Formaldehyde, with melamine, or with phenol. Curing is usually carried out by increasing the temperature with elimination of water.
- reaction resins (A) but also all others which are suitable for the production of thermosetting plastics, can be modified in the manner proposed according to the invention and can be obtained according to
- thermosets with significantly improved resistance to breakage and impact, with other essential properties characteristic of the thermosets, such as strength, heat resistance and chemical resistance, in the
- the preferred reactive resins (A) are the phenol-formaldehyde resins. These reactive resins (A) include thermosetting ones
- Resole type phenolic resins and phenolic novolac resins which can be rendered heat reactive by the addition of catalyst and formaldehyde.
- the reactive resins (A) can either be completely cured during the coating of the proppant particles be cured or only partially cured. Supporting agents with only partially hardened coating harden only after the
- Particularly preferred reactive resins (A) are phenol novolak resins. These are available for example from Plastics
- Hexamethylenetetramine is the preferred material as (C) for this function because it serves as both catalyst and formaldehyde source.
- (A) is used in amounts of at least 80 wt .-%, preferably of at least 88 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 94 wt .-% and in amounts of at most 99.8 wt .-% and preferably at most 99.5 Weight%.
- Reactive resin composition only an organopolysiloxane (B).
- (B) preferably has at least 5, more preferably at least 10, consecutive Si-O units.
- the ratio of the sum of the C atoms to the sum of the Si atoms in (B) is at least 2.05, preferably at least 2.1 and more preferably at least 3 and preferably at most 40, more preferably at most 20, particularly preferably at most 10.
- Linear or cyclic (B) may be slightly branched or slightly bridged by an organic radical.
- the average number of bridging or Branching sites per molecule is preferably -S 4, preferably -S 2, particularly preferably -S 1, very particularly preferably ⁇ 1,
- (B) is preferably a linear organopolysiloxane.
- the average number of Si atoms per molecule (B) is preferably less than 1000, preferably less than 200, particularly preferably less than 100.
- (B) is used in amounts of at least 0.2 wt .-% and at most 20 wt .-%. Preferably from at least 0.5 wt .-% and at most 12 wt .-% and particularly preferably of at most 6 wt. -%.
- (B) Another important property of (B) is that it is in a flowable form at 20 ° C, or is meltable by heating in a temperature range up to 250 ° C, and thereby can be made into a flowable form.
- Reactive resin composition means that they are in a physical state of aggregation permitting distribution on the surface of the proppant (made flowable by preheating to 250 ° C or in one
- the organic radical R 1 has at least 4 atoms, preferably at least 6 atoms, more preferably at least 7 atoms selected from the group of C, N, P, O and S, and of which at least 2 of these atoms are C, are preferred at least 3 of these atoms are C.
- non-substituted radicals R 1 are alkyl radicals, such as n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert. Butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert. Pentyl radical, hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical, heptyl radicals, such as the n-heptyl radical, octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-octyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical, nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical,
- Decyl radicals such as the n-decyl radical
- dodecyl radicals such as the n-dodecyl radical
- octadecyl radicals such as the n-octadecyl radical
- Alkenyl radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl radicals and methylcyclohexyl radicals;
- Aryl radicals such as the phenyl-naphthyl and anthryl and phenanthryl radicals;
- Alkaryl radicals such as o-, m-, p-tolyl, xylyl and
- Ethylphenyl radicals Aralkyl radicals, such as the benzyl radical, the alpha- and the ß-phenylethyl radical.
- non-substituted R 1 are the following radicals phenyl, a-phenylethyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl.
- substituted radicals R 1 are haloalkyl radicals, such as the perfluorohexylethyl radical; Haloaryl radicals, such as the o-, m- and p-chlorophenyl radical, and all unsubstituted radicals R 1 mentioned above which are substituted by the following groups: mercapto groups, epoxy-functional groups,
- Aminoethylamino groups iso-cyanato groups, aryloxy groups, acryloxy groups, methacryloxy groups, hydroxy groups and
- substituted R 1 is the 10-carboxydecyl radical. Further examples of substituted radicals R are short
- Alkyl radicals such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl
- alkenyl radicals such as the vinyl and the allyl radical, preferably with mercapto groups, epoxy-functional groups, carboxy groups, keto groups, enamine groups, amino groups, Aminoethylamino phenomenon, iso Cyanato groups, aryloxy groups, acryloxy groups, methacryloxy groups, hydroxy groups and
- Halogen groups may be substituted, with the proviso that the substituted radicals R 1 contains at least 4 atoms selected from the group of C, N, P, 0 and S, wherein at least two C atoms must be included.
- Preferred substituted radicals R 1 are hydroxypropyl and mercaptopropyl.
- R 2 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10
- Ether oxygen atom may be interrupted
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent one
- Preferred epoxy radicals are the glycidoxypropyl radical and the 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl radical.
- R 1 are amino radicals of the general formula
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8
- R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6
- Carbon atoms preferably an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 1.
- Further preferred substituted radicals R are polyether radicals of the general formula
- R 9 denotes a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or H, preferably Me or H,
- u is 0 or an integer from 1 to 16, preferably 1 to 4,
- v is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25, and
- w is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25,
- x is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25
- R 1 are organic polymer radicals with formation of a polysiloxane-containing copolymer. These copolymers may be block or graft copolymers. Examples of suitable organic parts include, but are not limited to, polycaprolactone, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polymethyl methacrylates.
- the organic part is preferably a (co) polymer
- Vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or aliphatic polyester Particularly preferred is polycaprolactone.
- the block copolymers contain a siloxane unit having a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 g / mol, preferably 1,500-5,000 g / mol, more preferably 2,000-4,000 g / mol.
- radicals R are polyether radicals, epoxy particularly preferably the glycidoxypropyl radical and the 3,4- Epoxycyclohexylethyl radical, and organic polymer radicals, particularly preferably a polycaprolactone radical.
- Another object of the present invention is the
- Reactive resins are suitable, is described for example in the following textbook: Polymer Handbook. Volume 2, 4 Ed .; J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, E.A. Grulke; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999 (ISBN 0-471-48172-6).
- Suitable mixers are, for example, laboratory stirrers,
- Plant mixer, or dissolver, or rotor-stator systems, or even extruders, rollers, 3-roller chair, etc. can dissolve when dispersed in whole or in part in (A). Undissolved components are present as the second phase in (A) dispersed. The mean size of these domains is
- Another object of the present invention is the
- Coatings and for the production of molded parts, workpieces and foams Coatings and for the production of molded parts, workpieces and foams.
- inventive Reactive resin composition used for coating proppants.
- Another object of the present invention is the
- Reactive resin compositions are used.
- inventive reactive resin composition melted by heating to 250 ° C and therefore flowable together with or without at least one curing agent (C) and with or without at least one additive (D), applied to the proppant
- the order of addition of the components (A), (B), (C) and (D) is variable, with the proviso that the component (B) is mixed before a substantial hardening of the reactive resin occurs. This has the advantage that a short-term adaptation of the ratios of (A) to (B) in a simple and straightforward way can be done at any time.
- Supporting means is thus characterized in that
- coated according to the invention support (A) with a suitable solvent, proppant and (B).
- Mixture can optionally hardener (C) and possibly different Additives (D) are added. Subsequently, the solvent is evaporated off and the so coated adhesives are cured.
- the order of addition of components (A), (B), (C) and (D) is variable.
- a suitable proppant such as sand is preheated to about 170-260 ° C. In a mixer is then the
- Reactive resin composition according to the invention a suitable hardener (C) and optionally various additives (D) are added.
- a suitable proppant such as sand is preheated to about 170-260 ° C.
- a suitable hardener C
- optionally various additives D
- this layer is first partially or completely cured.
- Reactive resin composition applied and partially or fully cured again.
- Reactive resin composition in portions in several steps without substantial intermediate curing of the individual portions and only at the end of a partial or complete curing. This therefore only leads to a single layer.
- Suitable proppants are known to those skilled in the art for a long time and can for the inventive Coating be used.
- Supporting agents are usually hard, high-strength particles such as sand or gravel from rocks such as limestone, marble, dolomite, granite, etc., but also glass beads, ceramic particles, ceramic balls and
- the proppant particles have a substantially spherical or spherical shape, since they leave enough space for the crude oil or gas
- sand is particularly preferably used as a proppant.
- the proppant particles have an average size of 5,000 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably one
- Suitable hardeners are known to those skilled in the art for a long time and are according to the
- a preferred novolak curing agent (C) is urotropin. (C) and thus also urotropin is typically used in amounts of between 8 and 20% by weight, based on the amount of reactive resin composition according to the invention.
- urotopin is applied as an aqueous solution to the melt of the reactive resin. Such methods are also known to those skilled in the art and described for example in US4732920.
- Suitable additives (D) have also long been known to the person skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples are anti-static agents, release agents, adhesion promoters, etc.
- Suitable proppants, hardeners (C) and additives (D) are described for example in US4732920 and US2007 / 0036977 AI.
- the type and specification of the proppant, type and specification of the reactive resin (A), organopolysiloxane (B), hardener (C) and optionally additives (D) the type of mixing and coating process must Order of addition of the
- a change in the proppant may require an adjustment of the coating process and / or the hardener used (C) and additives (D).
- the surface of the proppant may be completely or partially coated. Preferably appear in the investigation with the
- Reactive resin composition coated more preferably at least 50%.
- the essential part of the coating on the proppant according to the invention is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ thick, preferably 0.1 to 30 ⁇ , more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ . Preference is given to the proppants of the invention having less than three layers of the invention
- Reactive resin composition coated Particularly preferred with only one layer.
- the reactive resin composition according to the invention is preferably used in amounts of 0.1-20% by weight, based on the weight of the
- Supporting agent used Preferably from 0.5-10% by weight and more preferably from 1-5% by weight.
- Another object of the present invention is the
- the reactive resin composition according to the invention has
- the cured reactive resin composition of the present invention has improved toughness, elasticity and ductility at the same hardness. This makes it more resistant
- the reactive resin composition of the present invention has improved as a hardened coating for proppant
- Supporting agent more resistant to stress such as
- Another advantage of the coating according to the invention lies in its deformability, so that it often does not break even when breaking the brittle proppant grains themselves and thus encloses or holds together the resulting fines such as a plastic shell and thus their total release
- the oil or gas flow can be maintained longer. This results in decisive economic benefits and environmental protection.
- Polysiloxane-polycaprolactone block copolymer of melting point 50 ° C and about 30-50 Si-O units) were added and stirred at 420 rpm for 10 minutes.
- the liquid mass is poured hot onto a PTFE film and mechanically comminuted, thus producing a granulate.
- SIPELL® RE 63 F a polydimethylsiloxane having glycidoxypropylmethylsiloxy units and about 100-160 Si-O units;
- silicone oil 1 a trimethylsiloxy-endstopped polydimethylsiloxane having about 75-85 Si-O units consisting of dimethylsiloxy units and an average of 2.5 glycidoxypropylmethylsiloxy units and an average of 2.5
- silicone oil 2 an a, co-functional silicone oil having about 15-20 Si-O units and hydroxy (polyethyleneoxy) end groups of about 10
- organopolysiloxanes (B) uniformly and finely in the reactive resin. If a second phase is formed, this is essentially in the form of spherical droplets.
- the non-inventive polysiloxane from Comparative Example VI is not homogeneously dispersible and forms unevenly distributed streaks in the reactive resin.
- Comparative Example C2 is unmodified novolac “Resin 14772" (Plastics Engineering Company, Sheboygan, USA)
- Example 6 The solutions of Example 6 are 12 mm high in one
- Klc value increased (determination analogous to the above-mentioned description), which represents a measure of improved toughness.
- inventively modified resins are more elastic and have a reduced Tg compared to the unmodified phenolic resin.
- Q-PANEL test panels on the brushed side were cleaned 3 times with acetone and then vented for 1 h in a fume hood. Subsequently, 3 ml of the corresponding phenolic resin solution from Example 6 were added to each plate and spread with a 100 ym knife and then the solvent was evaporated in a fume hood overnight.
- the samples were placed in a cold oven, heated to 160 ° C with rinsing with nitrogen within 3 hours, kept at this temperature for 2 h and cooled to 23 ° C overnight.
- Coating be considered in isolated form. One receives a statement to the elasticity, impact resistance and
- Comparative Examples an approximately 50 ⁇ thick, hardened layer of the unmodified resin Resin 14772 (Plastics Engineering Company, Sheboygan, USA) and the non-inventive resin of Comparative Example VI.
- the coated panels were tested on an Erichsen ball impact tester, Model 304-ASTM, and the results were visually evaluated by a trained examiner: To do this, drop a ball onto the back of the panel from a defined, variable height of fall (each duplicate at different locations). The impact energy is calculated from the height of fall multiplied by
- the cured coatings of the present invention have significantly improved resilience, impact strength, and fracture toughness compared to the unmodified
- extrinsic impact modifiers are not suitable for the very brittle, glassy reactive resins such as phenolic resins
- Reactive resin composition causes a more uniform and effective coating of the surface of the proppant.
- Example 8 was tested according to DIN EN ISO 13503-2 at 14000 PSI and 18000 PSI pressure. The result is shown in Table 4. Table 4
- modified reactive resins did not allow a fundamental conclusion that this automatically leads to an improvement in the pressure resistance.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
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EP17701463.6A EP3408346A1 (de) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-01-23 | Modifizierte reaktivharzzusammensetzungen und deren verwendung zur beschichtung von stützmitteln |
JP2018539327A JP2019510096A (ja) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-01-23 | 改質反応性樹脂組成物、およびプロパント剤コーティング用のその使用 |
US16/071,991 US11078410B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-01-23 | Modified reactive resin compositions and use thereof for coating propping agents |
CN201780007823.9A CN108495909A (zh) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-01-23 | 改性的反应型树脂组合物及其用于涂覆支撑剂的用途 |
KR1020187024413A KR102104024B1 (ko) | 2016-01-28 | 2017-01-23 | 개질된 반응성 수지 조성물 및 프로판트제를 코팅하기 위한 이의 용도 |
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