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WO2017094150A1 - Steam flow rate control method for boiler, and incinerator system - Google Patents

Steam flow rate control method for boiler, and incinerator system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017094150A1
WO2017094150A1 PCT/JP2015/083923 JP2015083923W WO2017094150A1 WO 2017094150 A1 WO2017094150 A1 WO 2017094150A1 JP 2015083923 W JP2015083923 W JP 2015083923W WO 2017094150 A1 WO2017094150 A1 WO 2017094150A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow rate
steam flow
exhaust gas
supply flow
combustion air
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PCT/JP2015/083923
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
康平 山瀬
通孝 古林
康弘 宮本
佐藤　拓朗
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日立造船株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2015/083923 priority Critical patent/WO2017094150A1/en
Publication of WO2017094150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017094150A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to control of the flow rate of steam generated from a waste heat recovery boiler in an incinerator system for waste such as general waste and industrial waste, and in particular, nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as “ The present invention relates to a steam flow control method for a boiler and an incinerator system that can reduce the amount of emissions of NOx).
  • Waste incineration power generation using steam generated by incineration heat of general waste and the like is performed.
  • general waste and the like are a mixture of a wide variety of substances, and thus the combustion state is not stable. Since the combustion state of general waste or the like is not stable, the amount of heat input to the boiler provided on the downstream side of the incinerator becomes unstable, and the generated steam flow from the boiler becomes unstable.
  • Control of the flow rate of steam generated from a boiler in an incinerator system for general waste is normally performed by changing the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber in the incineration. For example, when the generated steam flow rate decreases, the generated steam flow rate can be recovered by increasing the supply flow rate of combustion air to the combustion chamber and advancing the combustion of general waste.
  • the supply of combustion air causes the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber to become excessive globally or locally, and oxygen reacts with nitrogen contained in general wastes or air. It is known that the amount of NOx generated increases.
  • a method in which a reburning zone is provided above the combustion chamber and natural gas is supplied to the reburning zone to reduce NOx. ing.
  • the supply flow rate of natural gas to the reburning zone together with the supply flow rate of combustion air to the combustion chamber
  • the supply flow rate of the natural gas to the reburning zone is decreased together with the supply flow rate of the combustion air to the combustion chamber (for example, Patent Document 1). Etc.) has been made.
  • the amount of natural gas required in the reburning method is an amount equivalent to about 10 percent of the amount of heat such as general waste.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a steam flow control method for a boiler and an incinerator system that can be used.
  • the steam flow control method of the boiler for controlling the generated steam flow from the boiler provided in the incinerator by supplying combustion air and exhaust gas recirculation gas to the combustion chamber in the incinerator of the present invention Detect the generated steam flow, Calculate the operating steam flow rate from the generated steam flow rate and the preset target steam flow rate, Calculate the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate, Supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber at the combustion air supply flow rate; Calculate the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and outlet exhaust gas flow rate, Calculate the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate and the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate, The exhaust gas recirculation gas is supplied to the combustion chamber at an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate can be calculated based on the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate can be calculated based on the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
  • the operation steam flow can be calculated by PID control.
  • the waste incineration equipment includes a combustion chamber, a combustion air supply device for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber, and an exhaust gas recirculation An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device for supplying gas to the combustion chamber, wherein the boiler equipment is a boiler, a generated steam flow detection device for detecting a generated steam flow rate from the boiler, and a steam flow control device for controlling the steam flow rate
  • the steam flow control device includes a generated steam flow input device that receives the generated steam flow information from the generated steam flow detection device, and an operation steam flow from a preset target steam flow and generated steam flow.
  • An operating steam flow rate calculating unit to calculate, a combustion air supply flow rate calculating unit to calculate a combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate, and a combustion air to the combustion air supply device A combustion air supply flow rate output device that transmits supply flow rate information, a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit that calculates a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate, An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit for calculating an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on an operation steam flow rate and a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate, and an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply to the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate output device for transmitting flow rate information is provided.
  • the supply flow rate of the combustion air and the supply flow rate of the recirculation gas are respectively appropriate amounts while controlling the generated steam flow rate from the boiler without using additional resources such as natural gas. By controlling in this way, it is possible to suppress the generation of NOx accompanying the incineration of general waste and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an incinerator system including a stoker furnace as an example of the configuration of the incinerator system.
  • the present invention can be used for an incinerator such as a fluidized bed furnace in addition to a stalker furnace.
  • a stalker furnace as shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
  • the upper side in the figure is the upper side
  • the lower side in the figure is the lower side
  • the left side in the figure is the front
  • the right side in the figure is the rear.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the incinerator system 1 according to the present invention.
  • the incinerator system 1 is used for a combustion control method of an incinerator 2 (here, a stoker furnace).
  • the incinerator system 1 includes a waste incineration facility 3 and a boiler facility 4 that recovers exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3.
  • the incinerator 2 belongs to the waste incineration facility 3 and is used for incineration of general waste.
  • the waste incineration equipment 3 includes at least a combustion chamber 21 in the incinerator 2, a temperature reducing tower 31 for lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas, a bag filter 32 for collecting dust in the exhaust gas, and NOx in the exhaust gas are harmless. If necessary, a catalyst tower 33 for generating the exhaust gas and a chimney 34 for attracting exhaust gas by the draft effect are provided.
  • An exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38 that detects the flow rate of exhaust gas is provided behind the bag filter 32, and the detected outlet exhaust gas flow rate is transmitted to the steam flow rate control device 45 as a signal.
  • a part of the exhaust gas is recovered after passing through the temperature reducing tower 31, the bag filter 32 and the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38, and supplied to the combustion chamber 21 as exhaust gas recirculation gas (hereinafter referred to as “EGR gas”).
  • EGR gas exhaust gas recirculation gas
  • the incinerator 2, the temperature reducing tower 31, the bag filter 32, the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38, the catalyst tower 33, and the chimney 34 are connected by a duct (pipe) through which exhaust gas flows.
  • a plurality of grate 22 is installed at the bottom of the combustion chamber 21, and general waste is incinerated in the combustion chamber 21.
  • General waste or the like to be incinerated is charged into a charging hopper 23 and supplied onto a grate 22 by a pusher (dust supply device) 24.
  • Each grate 22 is moved in the front-rear direction by a grate driving means 25, whereby general wastes and the like are moved rearward.
  • Combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supply device 35 to the combustion chamber 21, and EGR gas is supplied from the EGR gas supply device 37.
  • an in-furnace temperature detection device 29 for detecting the in-furnace temperature is provided, and the detected in-furnace temperature is transmitted as a signal to the steam flow control device 45 of the boiler equipment 4. .
  • the incinerator 2 may reduce NOx generated by incineration by blowing a reducing agent (such as ammonia water) into the first pass in the flue.
  • a reducing agent such as ammonia water
  • the incinerator 2 is attached with a boiler 41 of the boiler equipment 4, and steam generated from the boiler 41 is used for waste incineration power generation using incineration heat such as general waste.
  • the incinerator 2 is provided with a boiler 41 for recovering exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3 (that is, incineration heat of general waste, etc.) and vaporizing a working fluid (usually water). Yes.
  • a superheater 42 for superheating the steam generated from the boiler 41 is provided at the exit of the flue of the incinerator 2.
  • the boiler equipment 4 includes a boiler 41, a superheater 42, a generator (turbine) 46, a condenser 47, a deaerator 48, and a generated steam flow (hereinafter referred to as “PV”) based on the vaporized working fluid. And a steam flow rate control device 45.
  • the boiler 41, the superheater 42, the PV detection device 44, the generator 46, the condenser 47, and the deaerator 48 are connected by piping through which the working fluid flows.
  • the boiler 41 and the superheater 42 heat and vaporize and heat the working fluid using the exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3 as a heat source.
  • the generator 46 the working fluid vaporized by the boiler 41 is expanded to recover mechanical energy to generate power.
  • the condenser 47 condenses and liquefies the working fluid expanded by the generator 46.
  • the working fluid (water) is additionally supplied to the working system as necessary. Impurities are removed from the working fluid by a deaerator 48.
  • a high-pressure steam pool 43 may be provided between the PV detector 44 and the generator 46, and the steam in the high-pressure steam pool 43 is used as a heat source for supplying heat to the outside of the incinerator system 1.
  • the PV detection device 44 measures PV, which is the amount of the working fluid that has been vaporized, and transmits the PV information to the steam flow control device 45.
  • the steam flow control device 45 receives the PV information from the PV detection device 44, calculates the combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21, and sends the combustion air supply flow rate information to the combustion air supply device 35.
  • the gas supply flow rate information is transmitted to the EGR gas supply device 37, respectively.
  • the combustion air supply device 35 supplies the combustion air from the combustion air supply source 36 to the combustion chamber 21 via the grate 22 in accordance with the combustion air supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45.
  • the EGR gas supply device 37 forwards EGR gas from the first EGR gas nozzle 60 into the combustion chamber 21 in accordance with the EGR gas supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45 (dry stage grate ceiling) and rear (rear). It is supplied from the combustion stage grate ceiling part) or one of them.
  • the incinerator 2 may include a recombustion chamber 26 for burning unburned components in the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 21 in addition to the combustion chamber 21 above the combustion chamber 21.
  • a recombustion chamber 26 for burning unburned components in the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 21 in addition to the combustion chamber 21 above the combustion chamber 21.
  • the EGR gas supplied from the second EGR gas nozzle 28 supplies the EGR gas into the recombustion chamber 26 from the front and / or rear according to the EGR gas supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45. It is preferable. The effect of suppressing CO generated temporarily by the increase / decrease of combustion air is exhibited.
  • the steam flow control device 45 is configured to operate from a PV input device 51 that receives PV information from the PV detection device 44, a target steam flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “SV”) and PV, which are set in advance.
  • SV target steam flow rate
  • MV a supply flow rate calculation unit 53 that calculates the flow rate of the supply gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV, and combustion based on the incinerator temperature and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate
  • a reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 that calculates a reference EGR gas supply flow rate to the chamber 21, a combustion air supply flow rate output device 54 that transmits combustion air supply flow rate information to the combustion air supply device 35, and an EGR gas supply device 37
  • EGR gas supply flow rate output unit 56 for transmitting the EGR gas supply flow rate information.
  • the supply flow rate calculation unit 53 calculates the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV, and supplies the EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV and the reference EGR gas supply flow rate.
  • the PV information detected by the PV detection device 44 is transmitted to the PV input device 51 of the steam flow rate control device 45 and used to control the PV from the boiler 41.
  • the PV information is transmitted to the MV calculation unit 52 by the PV input device 51, and is used for calculating the MV together with the SV.
  • SV is a value preset as a target value or target range of PV from the boiler 41, and is set according to the design specifications of the boiler equipment.
  • the MV calculated by the MV calculation unit 52 is transmitted as a signal to the supply flow rate calculation unit 53 and used to calculate at least the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53 a calculates the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV information transmitted from the MV calculation unit 52.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate calculated by the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a is transmitted as a signal to the combustion air supply flow rate output device 54, and is transmitted to the combustion air supply device 35 by the combustion air supply flow rate output device 54.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate is calculated based on the theoretical air flow rate calculated from the calorific value setting of SV and general waste, etc. in addition to MV, or the reference air flow rate obtained by multiplying the theoretical air flow rate by the excess air ratio May be.
  • the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 calculates the reference EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the incinerator temperature detected by the furnace temperature detection device 29 and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate detected by the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38. Calculate the supply flow rate. Specifically, the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b increases the reference EGR gas supply flow rate based on the incinerator temperature when the incinerator temperature is higher than a predetermined value. When the outlet exhaust gas flow rate is less than a predetermined value, the reference EGR gas supply flow rate is decreased based on the outlet exhaust gas flow rate so that the exhaust gas recirculation rate does not exceed the set range. The reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculated by the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 is transmitted as a signal to the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b and used to calculate the EGR gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21.
  • the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b is based on the MV information transmitted from the MV calculation unit 52 and the reference EGR gas supply flow rate information transmitted from the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55. Calculate the supply flow rate.
  • the EGR gas supply flow rate calculated by the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b is transmitted as a signal to the EGR gas supply flow rate output device 56, and is transmitted to the EGR gas supply device 37 by the EGR gas supply flow rate output device 56.
  • the combustion air supply device 35 and the EGR gas supply device 37 each supply combustion air and EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 according to the received supply flow rate information.
  • the supply flow rate calculation unit 53 increases the combustion air supply flow rate when receiving the operating steam flow rate (MV) indicating that the generated steam flow rate (PV) is smaller than the target value steam flow rate (SV), and generates the generated steam flow rate. When the operating steam flow rate (MV) indicating that (PV) is larger than the target steam flow rate (SV) is received, the combustion air supply flow rate is decreased.
  • the supply flow rate calculation unit 53 calculates the EGR supply flow rate by increasing / decreasing the calculated value of the combustion air supply flow rate with respect to the operating steam flow rate (MV) in addition to the calculation based on the above-described operating steam flow rate (MV). Increase / decrease the calculated value of.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a first modification of the steam flow control device 45 in the present invention.
  • the reference EGR gas supply flow rate information is transmitted from the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 to the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a, and is used together with the MV information to calculate the combustion air supply flow rate. .
  • the combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate are calculated based on the reference EGR gas supply flow rate, so that the balance between the combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate is maintained, and general disposal is performed while controlling the PV from the boiler 41. It is possible to effectively suppress the generation of NOx accompanying the incineration of things and the like.
  • FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a second modification of the steam flow rate control device 45 in the present invention.
  • the EGR gas supply flow rate information is transmitted from the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b to the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a, and is used to calculate the combustion air supply flow rate together with the MV information.
  • the combustion air supply flow rate By calculating the combustion air supply flow rate based on the EGR gas supply flow rate, the combustion air supply flow rate, the EGR gas supply flow rate, and the total flow rate thereof are optimized, and more flexible and precise steam flow control becomes possible.
  • MV is calculated by PID control.
  • PID control By calculating the MV using PID control, an appropriate MV is calculated with a small response delay with respect to a change in PV, and the PV can be brought close to the SV with high accuracy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

By this steam flow rate control method for a boiler, the flow rate of steam generated from the boiler provided in an incinerator is controlled by supply of combustion air and exhaust gas recirculation gas to a combustion chamber in the incinerator. The method comprises: detecting the flow rate of generated steam; calculating the flow rate of operational steam from the flow rate of generated steam and a target flow rate of steam; calculating a supply flow rate of combustion air on the basis of the flow rate of operational steam; supplying the combustion air to a combustion chamber at the supply flow rate of the combustion air; calculating a reference supply flow rate of exhaust gas recirculation gas on the basis of the incinerator temperature and the flow rate of outlet exhaust gas; calculating a supply flow rate of exhaust gas recirculation gas on the basis of the flow rate of operational steam and the reference supply flow rate of exhaust gas recirculation gas; and supplying the exhaust gas recirculation gas to the combustion chamber at the supply flow rate of the exhaust gas recirculation gas.

Description

ボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムBoiler steam flow control method and incinerator system
　本発明は、一般廃棄物及び産業廃棄物といった廃棄物の焼却炉システムにおける、廃熱回収ボイラからの発生蒸気流量の制御に関し、特に、一般廃棄物等の焼却に伴う窒素酸化物（以下、「ＮＯｘ」と称する）の排出量を低減することが可能な、ボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムに関する。 The present invention relates to control of the flow rate of steam generated from a waste heat recovery boiler in an incinerator system for waste such as general waste and industrial waste, and in particular, nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as “ The present invention relates to a steam flow control method for a boiler and an incinerator system that can reduce the amount of emissions of NOx).
　一般廃棄物等の焼却熱を利用して発生させた蒸気を用いた廃棄物焼却発電が行われている。一般廃棄物等は、通常の火力発電設備において燃料として用いられるガスや重油、石炭などとは異なり、多種多様な物質の混合物であるため、燃焼状態が安定しない。一般廃棄物等の燃焼状態が安定しないことにより、焼却炉の下流側に設けられたボイラへの入熱量が不安定になり、ボイラからの発生蒸気流量が不安定になる。廃棄物焼却発電の発電効率を上げるためには、ボイラからの発生蒸気流量を制御し、発電設備に蒸気を安定供給することが望ましい。 廃 棄 Waste incineration power generation using steam generated by incineration heat of general waste and the like is performed. Unlike general gas and heavy oil, coal, etc., which are used as fuel in ordinary thermal power generation facilities, general waste and the like are a mixture of a wide variety of substances, and thus the combustion state is not stable. Since the combustion state of general waste or the like is not stable, the amount of heat input to the boiler provided on the downstream side of the incinerator becomes unstable, and the generated steam flow from the boiler becomes unstable. In order to increase the power generation efficiency of waste incineration power generation, it is desirable to control the flow rate of steam generated from the boiler and stably supply steam to the power generation equipment.
　一般廃棄物等の焼却炉システムにおけるボイラからの発生蒸気流量の制御は、通常、焼却内の燃焼室に供給する燃焼空気の流量を変動させることで行われる。例えば、発生蒸気流量が減少した際には、燃焼室への燃焼空気の供給流量を増加させ一般廃棄物等の燃焼を進めることによって発生蒸気流量の回復が図られる。このような蒸気流量制御の問題点として、燃焼空気の供給により燃焼室内の酸素量が全体的又は局所的に過剰になり、酸素と一般廃棄物等や空気に含まれる窒素とが反応することによってＮＯｘの発生量が増加することが知られている。 Control of the flow rate of steam generated from a boiler in an incinerator system for general waste is normally performed by changing the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber in the incineration. For example, when the generated steam flow rate decreases, the generated steam flow rate can be recovered by increasing the supply flow rate of combustion air to the combustion chamber and advancing the combustion of general waste. As a problem of such steam flow control, the supply of combustion air causes the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber to become excessive globally or locally, and oxygen reacts with nitrogen contained in general wastes or air. It is known that the amount of NOx generated increases.
　そこで、燃焼空気の供給により増加したＮＯｘを除去するために、燃焼室の上方にリバーニングゾーンを設け、リバーニングゾーンに天然ガスを供給してＮＯｘを還元する方法（リバーニング法）が提案されている。例えば、蒸気流量計を用いて発生蒸気流量を検出し、検出された発生蒸気流量が所定値よりも低い場合には燃焼室への燃焼空気の供給流量と共にリバーニングゾーンへの天然ガスの供給流量を増加させ、検出された発生蒸気流量が所定値よりも高い場合には燃焼室への燃焼空気の供給流量と共にリバーニングゾーンへの天然ガスの供給流量を減少させるような制御（例えば特許文献１など）が行われている。 Therefore, in order to remove NOx increased by the supply of combustion air, a method (reburning method) is proposed in which a reburning zone is provided above the combustion chamber and natural gas is supplied to the reburning zone to reduce NOx. ing. For example, when the generated steam flow rate is detected using a steam flow meter and the detected generated steam flow rate is lower than a predetermined value, the supply flow rate of natural gas to the reburning zone together with the supply flow rate of combustion air to the combustion chamber And when the detected generated steam flow rate is higher than a predetermined value, the supply flow rate of the natural gas to the reburning zone is decreased together with the supply flow rate of the combustion air to the combustion chamber (for example, Patent Document 1). Etc.) has been made.
ＪＰ１１－２９４７４２ＡJP11-294742A
　しかしながら、特許文献１記載の蒸気流量流制御においては、発生したＮＯｘを除去するための天然ガスが必要であるという課題がある。リバーニング法において必要な天然ガスの量は、一般廃棄物等の熱量に対して約１０パーセントにも相当する量である。 However, in the steam flow control described in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that natural gas for removing generated NOx is necessary. The amount of natural gas required in the reburning method is an amount equivalent to about 10 percent of the amount of heat such as general waste.
　本発明は、上述の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、天然ガス等の追加的な資源を必要とせず、一般廃棄物等の焼却に伴うＮＯｘの発生を抑制することでＮＯｘ排出量を低減することが可能な、ボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and does not require additional resources such as natural gas, and reduces NOx emissions by suppressing the generation of NOx associated with incineration of general waste and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a steam flow control method for a boiler and an incinerator system that can be used.
　本発明の、焼却炉内の燃焼室への燃焼空気及び排ガス再循環ガスの供給により焼却炉に設けられたボイラからの発生蒸気流量を制御するボイラの蒸気流量制御方法は、
　発生蒸気流量を検出し、
　発生蒸気流量と予め設定されている目標蒸気流量とから操作蒸気流量を算出し、
　操作蒸気流量に基づいて燃焼室への燃焼空気供給流量を算出し、
　燃焼空気を前記燃焼空気供給流量で燃焼室に供給し、
　焼却炉内温度と出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室への基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出し、
　操作蒸気流量と基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量に基づいて燃焼室への排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出し、
　排ガス再循環ガスを排ガス再循環ガス供給流量で燃焼室に供給することを特徴とする。 The steam flow control method of the boiler for controlling the generated steam flow from the boiler provided in the incinerator by supplying combustion air and exhaust gas recirculation gas to the combustion chamber in the incinerator of the present invention,
Detect the generated steam flow,
Calculate the operating steam flow rate from the generated steam flow rate and the preset target steam flow rate,
Calculate the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate,
Supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber at the combustion air supply flow rate;
Calculate the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and outlet exhaust gas flow rate,
Calculate the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate and the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate,
The exhaust gas recirculation gas is supplied to the combustion chamber at an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate.
　本発明に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法においては、燃焼空気供給流量を、操作蒸気流量に加えて排ガス再循環ガス供給流量にも基づいて算出することができる。 In the boiler steam flow rate control method according to the present invention, the combustion air supply flow rate can be calculated based on the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
　本発明に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法においては、燃焼空気供給流量を、操作蒸気流量に加えて排ガス再循環ガス供給流量にも基づいて算出することができる。 In the boiler steam flow rate control method according to the present invention, the combustion air supply flow rate can be calculated based on the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
　本発明に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法においては、操作蒸気流量をＰＩＤ制御により算出することができる。 In the boiler steam flow control method according to the present invention, the operation steam flow can be calculated by PID control.
　本発明の、焼却炉を含み、かつごみ焼却設備及びボイラ設備を備える焼却炉システムでは、前記ごみ焼却設備は、燃焼室と、燃焼空気を燃焼室に供給する燃焼空気供給装置と、排ガス再循環ガスを燃焼室に供給する排ガス再循環ガス供給装置とを備え、前記ボイラ設備は、ボイラと、ボイラからの発生蒸気流量を検出する発生蒸気流量検出装置と、蒸気流量を制御する蒸気流量制御装置とを備え、前記蒸気流量制御装置は、前記発生蒸気流量検出装置から発生蒸気流量情報を受信する発生蒸気流量入力器と、予め設定されている目標蒸気流量と発生蒸気流量とから操作蒸気流量を算出する操作蒸気流量算出部と、操作蒸気流量に基づいて燃焼室への燃焼空気供給流量を算出する燃焼空気供給流量算出部と、前記燃焼空気供給装置に燃焼空気供給流量情報を送信する燃焼空気供給流量出力器と、焼却炉内温度と出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室への基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出する基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量算出部と、操作蒸気流量及び基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量に基づいて燃焼室への排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出する排ガス再循環ガス供給流量算出部と、前記排ガス再循環ガス供給装置に排ガス再循環ガス供給流量情報を送信する排ガス再循環ガス供給流量出力器とを有することを特徴とする。 In the incinerator system including the incinerator of the present invention and including the waste incineration equipment and the boiler equipment, the waste incineration equipment includes a combustion chamber, a combustion air supply device for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber, and an exhaust gas recirculation An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device for supplying gas to the combustion chamber, wherein the boiler equipment is a boiler, a generated steam flow detection device for detecting a generated steam flow rate from the boiler, and a steam flow control device for controlling the steam flow rate The steam flow control device includes a generated steam flow input device that receives the generated steam flow information from the generated steam flow detection device, and an operation steam flow from a preset target steam flow and generated steam flow. An operating steam flow rate calculating unit to calculate, a combustion air supply flow rate calculating unit to calculate a combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate, and a combustion air to the combustion air supply device A combustion air supply flow rate output device that transmits supply flow rate information, a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit that calculates a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate, An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit for calculating an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on an operation steam flow rate and a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate, and an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply to the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate output device for transmitting flow rate information is provided.
本発明によれば、天然ガス等の追加的な資源を使用することなく、ボイラからの発生蒸気流量を制御しながら、燃焼空気の供給流量と再循環ガスの供給流量とがそれぞれ適正量となるように制御することで、一般廃棄物等の焼却に伴うＮＯｘの発生を抑制することが可能である。 According to the present invention, the supply flow rate of the combustion air and the supply flow rate of the recirculation gas are respectively appropriate amounts while controlling the generated steam flow rate from the boiler without using additional resources such as natural gas. By controlling in this way, it is possible to suppress the generation of NOx accompanying the incineration of general waste and the like.
本発明の実施の形態に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムにおける、蒸気流量制御装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the steam flow control apparatus in the steam flow control method and incinerator system of the boiler which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムの構成を、ストーカ炉を含む焼却炉システムを例に示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the steam flow control method and incinerator system of the boiler which concerns on embodiment of this invention for the example of the incinerator system containing a stoker furnace. 蒸気流量制御装置の第１変形例の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the 1st modification of a steam flow control apparatus. 蒸気流量制御装置の第２変形例の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the 2nd modification of a steam flow control apparatus.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　図２において、焼却炉システムの構成の一例としてストーカ炉を含む焼却炉システムの構成を示す。本発明は、ストーカ炉の他、流動床炉等の焼却炉に利用可能であるが、以下では図２に示すようなストーカ炉について述べる。また、図２の説明において、図中上方を上、図中下方を下とし、図中左方を前、図中右方を後とする。 FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an incinerator system including a stoker furnace as an example of the configuration of the incinerator system. The present invention can be used for an incinerator such as a fluidized bed furnace in addition to a stalker furnace. Hereinafter, a stalker furnace as shown in FIG. 2 will be described. In the description of FIG. 2, the upper side in the figure is the upper side, the lower side in the figure is the lower side, the left side in the figure is the front, and the right side in the figure is the rear.
　図２は、本発明に係る焼却炉システム１の構成を示す図である。焼却炉システム１は、焼却炉２（ここではストーカ炉）の燃焼制御方法に利用される。焼却炉システム１は、ごみ焼却設備３と、ごみ焼却設備３からの排熱を回収するボイラ設備４とを備える。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the incinerator system 1 according to the present invention. The incinerator system 1 is used for a combustion control method of an incinerator 2 (here, a stoker furnace). The incinerator system 1 includes a waste incineration facility 3 and a boiler facility 4 that recovers exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3.
　焼却炉２はごみ焼却設備３に属し、一般廃棄物等の焼却に供される。ごみ焼却設備３は、焼却炉２内の燃焼室２１を少なくとも備え、排ガスの温度を下げるための減温塔３１、排ガス中のダストを集塵するためのバグフィルタ３２、排ガス中のＮＯｘを無害化させるための触媒塔３３、ドラフト効果により排ガスを誘引するための煙突３４を必要により備える。バグフィルタ３２の後方には、排ガスの流量を検出する排ガス流量検出装置３８が設けられており、検出された出口排ガス流量は、信号として蒸気流量制御装置４５に送信される。排ガスの一部は、減温塔３１、バグフィルタ３２及び排ガス流量検出装置３８を通ってから回収され、排ガス再循環ガス（以下、「ＥＧＲガス」と称する）として燃焼室２１に供給される。焼却炉２、減温塔３１、バグフィルタ３２、排ガス流量検出装置３８、触媒塔３３、煙突３４は、排ガスが流れるダクト（配管）により接続される。 The incinerator 2 belongs to the waste incineration facility 3 and is used for incineration of general waste. The waste incineration equipment 3 includes at least a combustion chamber 21 in the incinerator 2, a temperature reducing tower 31 for lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas, a bag filter 32 for collecting dust in the exhaust gas, and NOx in the exhaust gas are harmless. If necessary, a catalyst tower 33 for generating the exhaust gas and a chimney 34 for attracting exhaust gas by the draft effect are provided. An exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38 that detects the flow rate of exhaust gas is provided behind the bag filter 32, and the detected outlet exhaust gas flow rate is transmitted to the steam flow rate control device 45 as a signal. A part of the exhaust gas is recovered after passing through the temperature reducing tower 31, the bag filter 32 and the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38, and supplied to the combustion chamber 21 as exhaust gas recirculation gas (hereinafter referred to as “EGR gas”). The incinerator 2, the temperature reducing tower 31, the bag filter 32, the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38, the catalyst tower 33, and the chimney 34 are connected by a duct (pipe) through which exhaust gas flows.
　燃焼室２１の底部には複数の火格子２２が設置されており、一般廃棄物等は燃焼室２１において焼却される。焼却される一般廃棄物等は投入ホッパ２３に投入され、プッシャ（給じん装置）２４によって火格子２２上に供給される。各火格子２２は、火格子駆動手段２５によって前後方向に移動させられ、これによって一般廃棄物等は後方に移動させられる。燃焼室２１には、燃焼空気供給装置３５から燃焼空気が供給され、ＥＧＲガス供給装置３７からＥＧＲガスが供給される。燃焼室２１内には、焼却炉内温度を検出する炉内温度検出装置２９が設けられており、検出された焼却炉内温度は、信号としてボイラ設備４の蒸気流量制御装置４５に送信される。 A plurality of grate 22 is installed at the bottom of the combustion chamber 21, and general waste is incinerated in the combustion chamber 21. General waste or the like to be incinerated is charged into a charging hopper 23 and supplied onto a grate 22 by a pusher (dust supply device) 24. Each grate 22 is moved in the front-rear direction by a grate driving means 25, whereby general wastes and the like are moved rearward. Combustion air is supplied from the combustion air supply device 35 to the combustion chamber 21, and EGR gas is supplied from the EGR gas supply device 37. In the combustion chamber 21, an in-furnace temperature detection device 29 for detecting the in-furnace temperature is provided, and the detected in-furnace temperature is transmitted as a signal to the steam flow control device 45 of the boiler equipment 4. .
　焼却炉２は、煙道中の第１パスに、還元剤（アンモニア水など）を吹き込むことにより、焼却により発生したＮＯｘを還元させても良い。 The incinerator 2 may reduce NOx generated by incineration by blowing a reducing agent (such as ammonia water) into the first pass in the flue.
　焼却炉２にはボイラ設備４のボイラ４１が付属され、ボイラ４１からの発生蒸気は、一般廃棄物等の焼却熱を利用した廃棄物焼却発電に供される。具体的には、焼却炉２には、ごみ焼却設備３からの排熱（すなわち一般廃棄物等の焼却熱）を回収し作動流体（通常は水）を気化するためのボイラ４１が設けられている。焼却炉２の煙道の出口には、ボイラ４１から発生した蒸気を過熱するための過熱器４２が設けられている。 The incinerator 2 is attached with a boiler 41 of the boiler equipment 4, and steam generated from the boiler 41 is used for waste incineration power generation using incineration heat such as general waste. Specifically, the incinerator 2 is provided with a boiler 41 for recovering exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3 (that is, incineration heat of general waste, etc.) and vaporizing a working fluid (usually water). Yes. A superheater 42 for superheating the steam generated from the boiler 41 is provided at the exit of the flue of the incinerator 2.
　ボイラ設備４は、ボイラ４１と、過熱器４２と、発電機（タービン）４６と、復水器４７と、脱気器４８と、気化された作動流体にもとづく発生蒸気流量（以下、「ＰＶ」と称する）を計測するＰＶ検出装置４４と、蒸気流量制御装置４５とを備える。ボイラ４１、過熱器４２、ＰＶ検出装置４４、発電機４６、復水器４７及び脱気器４８は、作動流体が流れる配管により接続される。 The boiler equipment 4 includes a boiler 41, a superheater 42, a generator (turbine) 46, a condenser 47, a deaerator 48, and a generated steam flow (hereinafter referred to as “PV”) based on the vaporized working fluid. And a steam flow rate control device 45. The boiler 41, the superheater 42, the PV detection device 44, the generator 46, the condenser 47, and the deaerator 48 are connected by piping through which the working fluid flows.
　ボイラ４１及び過熱器４２は、上述のように、ごみ焼却設備３からの排熱を熱源として作動流体を加熱して気化・過熱させる。発電機４６では、ボイラ４１により気化された作動流体を膨張させて機械的エネルギーを回収して発電が行われる。復水器４７は、発電機４６にて膨張した作動流体を凝縮して液化させる。作動系には、必要に応じて作動流体（水）が追加供給される。作動流体は、脱気器４８にて不純物が取り除かれる。ＰＶ検出装置４４と発電機４６の間には、高圧蒸気溜まり４３を設けても良く、高圧蒸気溜まり４３の蒸気は焼却炉システム１外に熱供給するための熱源などとして利用される。 As described above, the boiler 41 and the superheater 42 heat and vaporize and heat the working fluid using the exhaust heat from the waste incineration facility 3 as a heat source. In the generator 46, the working fluid vaporized by the boiler 41 is expanded to recover mechanical energy to generate power. The condenser 47 condenses and liquefies the working fluid expanded by the generator 46. The working fluid (water) is additionally supplied to the working system as necessary. Impurities are removed from the working fluid by a deaerator 48. A high-pressure steam pool 43 may be provided between the PV detector 44 and the generator 46, and the steam in the high-pressure steam pool 43 is used as a heat source for supplying heat to the outside of the incinerator system 1.
　ＰＶ検出装置４４は、気化された作動流体の量であるＰＶを計測し、ＰＶ情報を蒸気流量制御装置４５に送信する。蒸気流量制御装置４５は、ＰＶ検出装置４４よりＰＶ情報を受信し、燃焼室２１への燃焼空気供給流量及びＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出し、燃焼空気供給流量情報を燃焼空気供給装置３５に、ＥＧＲガス供給流量情報をＥＧＲガス供給装置３７にそれぞれ送信する。燃焼空気供給装置３５は、蒸気流量制御装置４５から受信した燃焼空気供給流量情報に従い、燃焼空気供給源３６からの燃焼空気を火格子２２を介して燃焼室２１に供給する。ＥＧＲガス供給装置３７は、蒸気流量制御装置４５から受信したＥＧＲガス供給流量情報に従い、ＥＧＲガスを第１のＥＧＲガスノズル６０から燃焼室２１内に前方（乾燥段火格子天井部）及び後方（後燃焼段火格子天井部）または、そのいずれか一方から供給する。 The PV detection device 44 measures PV, which is the amount of the working fluid that has been vaporized, and transmits the PV information to the steam flow control device 45. The steam flow control device 45 receives the PV information from the PV detection device 44, calculates the combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21, and sends the combustion air supply flow rate information to the combustion air supply device 35. The gas supply flow rate information is transmitted to the EGR gas supply device 37, respectively. The combustion air supply device 35 supplies the combustion air from the combustion air supply source 36 to the combustion chamber 21 via the grate 22 in accordance with the combustion air supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45. The EGR gas supply device 37 forwards EGR gas from the first EGR gas nozzle 60 into the combustion chamber 21 in accordance with the EGR gas supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45 (dry stage grate ceiling) and rear (rear). It is supplied from the combustion stage grate ceiling part) or one of them.
　焼却炉２は、燃焼室２１のほか、燃焼室２１において発生した排ガス中の未燃分を燃焼させるための再燃焼室２６を燃焼室２１の上方に備えていてもよい。再燃焼室２６を設け、空気ノズル２７から空気を、第２のＥＧＲガスノズル２８からＥＧＲガスを供給することにより未燃分を完全燃焼させることができる。ＥＧＲガスは、燃焼室２１に供給されることで一般廃棄物等の燃焼を安定化させＣＯの発生を抑制する効果を発揮するとともに、再燃焼室２６に供給されることで再燃焼室２６内の空気及び未燃分を攪拌しＣＯの発生を抑制する効果も発揮する。第２のＥＧＲガスノズル２８から供給されるＥＧＲガスは、蒸気流量制御装置４５から受信したＥＧＲガス供給流量情報に従い、ＥＧＲガスを再燃焼室２６内に前方及び後方または、そのいずれか一方から供給することが好ましい。燃焼空気の増減により、一時的に発生するＣＯを抑制する効果を発揮する。 The incinerator 2 may include a recombustion chamber 26 for burning unburned components in the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 21 in addition to the combustion chamber 21 above the combustion chamber 21. By providing the re-combustion chamber 26 and supplying air from the air nozzle 27 and EGR gas from the second EGR gas nozzle 28, the unburned portion can be completely burned. The EGR gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 21 to stabilize the combustion of general waste and the like and to suppress the generation of CO. The EGR gas is supplied to the recombustion chamber 26 so as to be within the recombustion chamber 26. The effect of suppressing the generation of CO by agitating the air and unburned matter is also exhibited. The EGR gas supplied from the second EGR gas nozzle 28 supplies the EGR gas into the recombustion chamber 26 from the front and / or rear according to the EGR gas supply flow rate information received from the steam flow control device 45. It is preferable. The effect of suppressing CO generated temporarily by the increase / decrease of combustion air is exhibited.
　以下、図１を参照しつつ、本発明に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムに用いられる、蒸気流量制御装置４５の構成を説明する。蒸気流量制御装置４５は、ＰＶ検出装置４４からＰＶ情報を受信するＰＶ入力器５１と、予め設定されている目標蒸気流量（以下、「ＳＶ」と称する）とＰＶとから操作蒸気流量（以下、「ＭＶ」と称する）を算出するＭＶ算出部５２と、ＭＶに基づいて燃焼室２１への供給気体の流量を算出する供給流量算出部５３と、焼却炉内温度及び出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室２１への基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出する基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５５と、燃焼空気供給装置３５に燃焼空気供給流量情報を送信する燃焼空気供給流量出力器５４と、ＥＧＲガス供給装置３７にＥＧＲガス供給流量情報を送信するＥＧＲガス供給流量出力器５６とを有する。供給流量算出部５３は、ＭＶに基づいて燃焼室２１への燃焼空気供給流量を算出する燃焼空気供給流量算出部５３ａと、ＭＶ及び基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量に基づいて燃焼室２１へのＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出するＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂとを有する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of the steam flow control device 45 used in the boiler steam flow control method and the incinerator system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The steam flow control device 45 is configured to operate from a PV input device 51 that receives PV information from the PV detection device 44, a target steam flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “SV”) and PV, which are set in advance. (Referred to as “MV”), a supply flow rate calculation unit 53 that calculates the flow rate of the supply gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV, and combustion based on the incinerator temperature and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate A reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 that calculates a reference EGR gas supply flow rate to the chamber 21, a combustion air supply flow rate output device 54 that transmits combustion air supply flow rate information to the combustion air supply device 35, and an EGR gas supply device 37 And an EGR gas supply flow rate output unit 56 for transmitting the EGR gas supply flow rate information. The supply flow rate calculation unit 53 calculates the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV, and supplies the EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV and the reference EGR gas supply flow rate. An EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b for calculating the flow rate.
　図１に示すように、ＰＶ検出装置４４で検出されたＰＶ情報は、蒸気流量制御装置４５のＰＶ入力器５１に送信され、ボイラ４１からのＰＶを制御するために利用される。ＰＶ情報は、ＰＶ入力器５１によってＭＶ算出部５２に送信され、ＳＶとともに、ＭＶを算出するために利用される。ＳＶは、ボイラ４１からのＰＶの目標値又は目標範囲として予め設定される値であり、ボイラ設備の設計仕様により設定される。ＭＶ算出部５２により算出されたＭＶは信号として供給流量算出部５３に送信され、少なくとも燃焼室２１への燃焼空気供給流量を算出するために使用される。 As shown in FIG. 1, the PV information detected by the PV detection device 44 is transmitted to the PV input device 51 of the steam flow rate control device 45 and used to control the PV from the boiler 41. The PV information is transmitted to the MV calculation unit 52 by the PV input device 51, and is used for calculating the MV together with the SV. SV is a value preset as a target value or target range of PV from the boiler 41, and is set according to the design specifications of the boiler equipment. The MV calculated by the MV calculation unit 52 is transmitted as a signal to the supply flow rate calculation unit 53 and used to calculate at least the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21.
　燃焼空気供給流量算出部５３ａは、ＭＶ算出部５２から送信されたＭＶ情報に基づき、燃焼室２１への燃焼空気供給流量を算出する。燃焼空気供給流量算出部５３ａによって算出された燃焼空気供給流量は、信号として燃焼空気供給流量出力器５４に送信され、燃焼空気供給流量出力器５４によって燃焼空気供給装置３５に送信される。燃焼空気供給流量は、ＭＶに加えて、ＳＶ及び一般廃棄物等の発熱量設定から算出される理論空気流量、又は、理論空気流量に空気過剰率を乗じて得られる基準空気流量に基づいて算出されてもよい。 The combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53 a calculates the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21 based on the MV information transmitted from the MV calculation unit 52. The combustion air supply flow rate calculated by the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a is transmitted as a signal to the combustion air supply flow rate output device 54, and is transmitted to the combustion air supply device 35 by the combustion air supply flow rate output device 54. The combustion air supply flow rate is calculated based on the theoretical air flow rate calculated from the calorific value setting of SV and general waste, etc. in addition to MV, or the reference air flow rate obtained by multiplying the theoretical air flow rate by the excess air ratio May be.
　基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５５は、炉内温度検出装置２９により検出された焼却炉内温度、及び、排ガス流量検出装置３８により検出された出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室２１への基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出する。具体的には、基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂは、焼却炉内温度が所定値より高い場合には、焼却炉内温度に基づいて基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量を増加させる。また、出口排ガス流量が所定値より少ない場合には、排ガス再循環率が設定範囲を超えないよう、出口排ガス流量に基づいて基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量を減少させる。基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５５により算出された基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量は信号としてＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂに送信され、燃焼室２１へのＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出するために使用される。 The reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 calculates the reference EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 based on the incinerator temperature detected by the furnace temperature detection device 29 and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate detected by the exhaust gas flow rate detection device 38. Calculate the supply flow rate. Specifically, the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b increases the reference EGR gas supply flow rate based on the incinerator temperature when the incinerator temperature is higher than a predetermined value. When the outlet exhaust gas flow rate is less than a predetermined value, the reference EGR gas supply flow rate is decreased based on the outlet exhaust gas flow rate so that the exhaust gas recirculation rate does not exceed the set range. The reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculated by the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 is transmitted as a signal to the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b and used to calculate the EGR gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber 21.
　ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂは、ＭＶ算出部５２から送信されたＭＶ情報、及び、基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５５から送信された基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量情報に基づき、燃焼室２１へのＥＧＲガス供給流量を算出する。ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂによって算出されたＥＧＲガス供給流量は、信号としてＥＧＲガス供給流量出力器５６に送信され、ＥＧＲガス供給流量出力器５６によってＥＧＲガス供給装置３７に送信される。 The EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b is based on the MV information transmitted from the MV calculation unit 52 and the reference EGR gas supply flow rate information transmitted from the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55. Calculate the supply flow rate. The EGR gas supply flow rate calculated by the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b is transmitted as a signal to the EGR gas supply flow rate output device 56, and is transmitted to the EGR gas supply device 37 by the EGR gas supply flow rate output device 56.
　燃焼空気供給装置３５及びＥＧＲガス供給装置３７はそれぞれ、受信した供給流量情報に従って燃焼室２１に燃焼空気、ＥＧＲガスを供給する。 The combustion air supply device 35 and the EGR gas supply device 37 each supply combustion air and EGR gas to the combustion chamber 21 according to the received supply flow rate information.
　供給流量算出部５３は、発生蒸気流量（ＰＶ）が目標値蒸気流量（ＳＶ）よりも少ないことを示す操作蒸気流量（ＭＶ）を受け取った場合には燃焼空気供給流量を増加させ、発生蒸気流量（ＰＶ）が目標蒸気流量（ＳＶ）よりも多いことを示す操作蒸気流量（ＭＶ）を受け取った場合には燃焼空気供給流量を減少させる。供給流量算出部５３は、燃焼空気供給流量について、上述した操作蒸気流量（ＭＶ）に基づく演算に加え、操作蒸気流量（ＭＶ）に対する燃焼空気供給流量の算出値の増加／減少により、ＥＧＲ供給流量の算出値を増加／減少させる。 The supply flow rate calculation unit 53 increases the combustion air supply flow rate when receiving the operating steam flow rate (MV) indicating that the generated steam flow rate (PV) is smaller than the target value steam flow rate (SV), and generates the generated steam flow rate. When the operating steam flow rate (MV) indicating that (PV) is larger than the target steam flow rate (SV) is received, the combustion air supply flow rate is decreased. The supply flow rate calculation unit 53 calculates the EGR supply flow rate by increasing / decreasing the calculated value of the combustion air supply flow rate with respect to the operating steam flow rate (MV) in addition to the calculation based on the above-described operating steam flow rate (MV). Increase / decrease the calculated value of.
このように、燃焼空気供給流量をＥＧＲ供給流量と相互補完的に変動させることにより、燃焼空気供給量の増減のみによる蒸気流量制御よりも、燃焼空気供給量の変動幅を低減することが可能である。また、燃焼空気の供給量を低減することにより、燃焼室２１内の酸素濃度の変動を抑え、効率的にＮＯｘの発生を抑制することが可能である。 In this way, by varying the combustion air supply flow rate in a complementary manner with the EGR supply flow rate, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation range of the combustion air supply amount, rather than the steam flow rate control only by increasing or decreasing the combustion air supply amount. is there. Further, by reducing the supply amount of the combustion air, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 21 and efficiently suppress the generation of NOx.
　図３に、本発明における、蒸気流量制御装置４５の第１の変形例の構成を示す。図３に示すように、好ましくは、基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量情報は基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５５から燃焼空気供給流量算出部５３ａに送信され、ＭＶ情報とともに燃焼空気供給流量の算出に利用される。 FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a first modification of the steam flow control device 45 in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, preferably, the reference EGR gas supply flow rate information is transmitted from the reference EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 55 to the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a, and is used together with the MV information to calculate the combustion air supply flow rate. .
　燃焼空気供給流量及びＥＧＲガス供給流量が基準ＥＧＲガス供給流量に基づいて算出されることにより、燃焼空気供給流量及びＥＧＲガス供給流量のバランスが保たれ、ボイラ４１からのＰＶを制御しながら一般廃棄物等の焼却に伴うＮＯｘの発生を効果的に抑制することが可能である。 The combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate are calculated based on the reference EGR gas supply flow rate, so that the balance between the combustion air supply flow rate and the EGR gas supply flow rate is maintained, and general disposal is performed while controlling the PV from the boiler 41. It is possible to effectively suppress the generation of NOx accompanying the incineration of things and the like.
　図４に、本発明における、蒸気流量制御装置４５の第２の変形例の構成を示す。図４に示すように、好ましくは、ＥＧＲガス供給流量情報はＥＧＲガス供給流量算出部５３ｂから燃焼空気供給流量算出部５３ａに送信され、ＭＶ情報とともに燃焼空気供給流量の算出に利用される。 FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a second modification of the steam flow rate control device 45 in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, preferably, the EGR gas supply flow rate information is transmitted from the EGR gas supply flow rate calculation unit 53b to the combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit 53a, and is used to calculate the combustion air supply flow rate together with the MV information.
　燃焼空気供給流量がＥＧＲガス供給流量に基づいて算出されることにより、燃焼空気供給流量、ＥＧＲガス供給流量及びその合計流量が最適になり、より柔軟かつ精密な蒸気流量制御が可能となる。 By calculating the combustion air supply flow rate based on the EGR gas supply flow rate, the combustion air supply flow rate, the EGR gas supply flow rate, and the total flow rate thereof are optimized, and more flexible and precise steam flow control becomes possible.
　上においては、ＳＶ及びＰＶからのＭＶの算出方法を詳述しなかったが、好ましくはＭＶはＰＩＤ制御により算出される。ＰＩＤ制御を用いてＭＶを算出することにより、ＰＶの変化に対し少ない応答遅れで適切なＭＶが算出され、ＰＶをＳＶに精度よく近づけることが可能になる。 In the above, the calculation method of MV from SV and PV was not described in detail, but preferably MV is calculated by PID control. By calculating the MV using PID control, an appropriate MV is calculated with a small response delay with respect to a change in PV, and the PV can be brought close to the SV with high accuracy.
　上述したように、ＥＧＲガスを使用する、本発明に係るボイラの蒸気流量制御方法及び焼却炉システムにおいては、天然ガス等の追加的な資源を使用する必要がなく、天然ガス等の購入コストが嵩むおそれがない。
  As described above, in the boiler steam flow control method and the incinerator system according to the present invention using EGR gas, it is not necessary to use additional resources such as natural gas, and the purchase cost of natural gas or the like is low. There is no risk of bulkiness.

Claims (5)

  1. 　焼却炉内の燃焼室への燃焼空気及び排ガス再循環ガスの供給により焼却炉に設けられたボイラからの発生蒸気流量を制御するボイラの蒸気流量制御方法であって、
    　発生蒸気流量を検出し、
    　発生蒸気流量と予め設定されている目標蒸気流量とから操作蒸気流量を算出し、
    　操作蒸気流量に基づいて燃焼室への燃焼空気供給流量を算出し、
    　燃焼空気を前記燃焼空気供給流量で燃焼室に供給し、
    　焼却炉内温度と出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室への基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出し、
    　操作蒸気流量と基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量に基づいて燃焼室への排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出し、
    　排ガス再循環ガスを排ガス再循環ガス供給流量で燃焼室に供給することを特徴とするボイラの蒸気流量制御方法。     A steam flow rate control method for a boiler that controls the flow rate of steam generated from a boiler provided in the incinerator by supplying combustion air and exhaust gas recirculation gas to a combustion chamber in the incinerator,
    Detect the generated steam flow,
    Calculate the operating steam flow rate from the generated steam flow rate and the preset target steam flow rate,
    Calculate the combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate,
    Supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber at the combustion air supply flow rate;
    Calculate the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and outlet exhaust gas flow rate,
    Calculate the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operating steam flow rate and the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate,
    A steam flow rate control method for a boiler, characterized in that exhaust gas recirculation gas is supplied to a combustion chamber at an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate.
  2. 　燃焼空気供給流量を、操作蒸気流量に加えて基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量にも基づいて算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のボイラの蒸気流量制御方法。 2. The boiler steam flow control method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion air supply flow rate is calculated based on the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
  3. 　燃焼空気供給流量を、操作蒸気流量に加えて排ガス再循環ガス供給流量にも基づいて算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のボイラの蒸気流量制御方法。 The boiler steam flow control method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion air supply flow rate is calculated based on the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate in addition to the operation steam flow rate.
  4. 　操作蒸気流量をＰＩＤ制御により算出することを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載のボイラの蒸気流量制御方法。 4. The steam flow rate control method for a boiler according to claim 1, wherein the operation steam flow rate is calculated by PID control.
  5. 　焼却炉を含み、かつごみ焼却設備及びボイラ設備を備える焼却炉システムであって、
    　前記ごみ焼却設備は、
    　燃焼室と、
    　燃焼空気を燃焼室に供給する燃焼空気供給装置と、
    　排ガス再循環ガスを燃焼室に供給する排ガス再循環ガス供給装置とを備え、
    　前記ボイラ設備は、
    　ボイラと、
    　ボイラからの発生蒸気流量を検出する発生蒸気流量検出装置と、
    　蒸気流量を制御する蒸気流量制御装置とを備え、
    　前記蒸気流量制御装置は、
    　前記発生蒸気流量検出装置から発生蒸気流量情報を受信する発生蒸気流量入力器と、
    　予め設定されている目標蒸気流量と発生蒸気流量とから操作蒸気流量を算出する操作蒸気流量算出部と、
    　操作蒸気流量に基づいて燃焼室への燃焼空気供給流量を算出する燃焼空気供給流量算出部と、
    　前記燃焼空気供給装置に燃焼空気供給流量情報を送信する燃焼空気供給流量出力器と、
    　焼却炉内温度と出口排ガス流量に基づいて燃焼室への基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出する基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量算出部と、
    　操作蒸気流量及び基準排ガス再循環ガス供給流量に基づいて燃焼室への排ガス再循環ガス供給流量を算出する排ガス再循環ガス供給流量算出部と、
    　前記排ガス再循環ガス供給装置に排ガス再循環ガス供給流量情報を送信する排ガス再循環ガス供給流量出力器とを有することを特徴とする焼却炉システム。
     
     
          An incinerator system including an incinerator and including a waste incineration facility and a boiler facility,
    The waste incineration facility
    A combustion chamber;
    A combustion air supply device for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber;
    An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device for supplying exhaust gas recirculation gas to the combustion chamber,
    The boiler equipment is
    With a boiler,
    A generated steam flow detection device for detecting the generated steam flow from the boiler;
    A steam flow control device for controlling the steam flow,
    The steam flow control device comprises:
    A generated steam flow rate input device for receiving generated steam flow rate information from the generated steam flow rate detecting device;
    An operating steam flow rate calculation unit for calculating an operating steam flow rate from a preset target steam flow rate and a generated steam flow rate,
    A combustion air supply flow rate calculation unit for calculating a combustion air supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operation steam flow rate,
    A combustion air supply flow rate output device for transmitting combustion air supply flow rate information to the combustion air supply device;
    A reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit for calculating a reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the incinerator temperature and the outlet exhaust gas flow rate;
    An exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate calculation unit for calculating an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate to the combustion chamber based on the operation steam flow rate and the reference exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate;
    An incinerator system comprising: an exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate output device that transmits exhaust gas recirculation gas supply flow rate information to the exhaust gas recirculation gas supply device.


PCT/JP2015/083923 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Steam flow rate control method for boiler, and incinerator system WO2017094150A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60251315A (en) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-12 Babcock Hitachi Kk Catalytic combustion heating furnace and method of controlling same
JPS61235601A (en) * 1985-04-11 1986-10-20 横河電機株式会社 Controller for gas recirculating boiler
JPS6446506A (en) * 1987-08-12 1989-02-21 Babcock Hitachi Kk Boiler furnace
JPH03199806A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-08-30 Babcock Hitachi Kk Fluidized bed type combustion device
JPH04254101A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-09-09 Nkk Corp Combustion control method for garbage incinerator
JPH11294740A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-29 Takuma Co Ltd Exhaust gas complete combustion control method and exhaust gas complete combustion control device
JP2001041403A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-13 Babcock Hitachi Kk Boiler controller

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60251315A (en) * 1984-05-25 1985-12-12 Babcock Hitachi Kk Catalytic combustion heating furnace and method of controlling same
JPS61235601A (en) * 1985-04-11 1986-10-20 横河電機株式会社 Controller for gas recirculating boiler
JPS6446506A (en) * 1987-08-12 1989-02-21 Babcock Hitachi Kk Boiler furnace
JPH03199806A (en) * 1989-12-28 1991-08-30 Babcock Hitachi Kk Fluidized bed type combustion device
JPH04254101A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-09-09 Nkk Corp Combustion control method for garbage incinerator
JPH11294740A (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-29 Takuma Co Ltd Exhaust gas complete combustion control method and exhaust gas complete combustion control device
JP2001041403A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-13 Babcock Hitachi Kk Boiler controller

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