WO2017090429A1 - 無灰炭の製造方法 - Google Patents
無灰炭の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017090429A1 WO2017090429A1 PCT/JP2016/083189 JP2016083189W WO2017090429A1 WO 2017090429 A1 WO2017090429 A1 WO 2017090429A1 JP 2016083189 W JP2016083189 W JP 2016083189W WO 2017090429 A1 WO2017090429 A1 WO 2017090429A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/366—Powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
- C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/12—Regeneration of a solvent, catalyst, adsorbent or any other component used to treat or prepare a fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/544—Extraction for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ashless coal.
- Coal is widely used as a raw material for thermal power generation and boiler fuel or chemicals, and as one of the environmental measures, development of a technology for efficiently removing ash in coal is strongly desired.
- ash-free charcoal hyper coal
- ashless coal as the raw coal for ironmaking coke such as blast furnace coke.
- the inventors of the present invention have tried to improve the extraction rate by pulverizing coal until it becomes a powder having an average particle size of about 0.1 mm. However, when coal was pulverized into powder, a phenomenon was observed in which the extraction rate decreased.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ashless coal capable of relatively increasing the extraction rate from coal.
- the invention made to solve the above problems includes a step of pulverizing coal in the presence of a protective solvent, a step of heating the extraction solvent, a pulverized product obtained in the pulverization step, and an extraction solvent obtained in the heating step.
- An ashless process comprising: a step of separating the solution obtained by dissolving the coal component from the slurry obtained in the mixing step; and a step of evaporating and separating the protective solvent and the extraction solvent from the solution obtained in the separation step. It is a manufacturing method of charcoal.
- the method for producing ashless coal includes a step of pulverizing coal in the presence of a protective solvent, it is difficult for the coal to touch the air, and the particle size of the coal can be reduced while suppressing weathering. For this reason, it can suppress that an effective component as ashless coal is impaired, and since it can heat up rapidly to the center of coal with the heat of the extraction solvent heated beforehand at the mixing process, the extraction rate from coal is It can be made relatively large. Therefore, the method for producing ashless coal can produce ashless coal efficiently.
- the average particle size of the pulverized product obtained in the pulverization step is preferably 0.2 mm or less.
- the “average particle size” means a particle size with a cumulative volume of 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method.
- the pulverized product and the extraction solvent may be mixed so that the temperature rise rate of the pulverized product is 600 ° C./min or more.
- the “temperature rise rate of the pulverized product” means that the temperature of the extraction solvent, which is the apparent temperature of the slurry, is stabilized from the start of mixing (until the internal temperature of the pulverized product and the temperature of the extraction solvent are considered equal). Is calculated as a value obtained by dividing the difference between the temperature of the slurry after the temperature is stabilized and the temperature of the pulverized product before mixing.
- the protective solvent and the extraction solvent are the same solvent.
- the solvent separated and recovered in the evaporative separation step can be used again as the protective solvent or the extraction solvent.
- the content of the protective solvent in the pulverization step is preferably 20% by mass to 60% by mass.
- the method for producing ashless coal of the present invention can increase the extraction rate from coal.
- the ashless coal production method of FIG. 1 includes a step of pulverizing coal in the presence of a protective solvent ⁇ step S1: pulverization step>, a step of heating the extraction solvent ⁇ step S2: heating step>, and the above pulverization step.
- the step of mixing the obtained pulverized product and the extraction solvent obtained in the heating step ⁇ Step S3: Mixing step> and the step of separating the solution in which the coal component is dissolved from the slurry obtained in the mixing step ⁇ Step S4: Solution separation Step> and a step ⁇ Step S5: Evaporation Separation Step> of evaporating and separating the protective solvent and the extraction solvent from the solution obtained in the separation step.
- step S1 the surface of the pulverized coal is covered with the protective solvent by pulverizing the coal in the presence of the protective solvent, and air (particularly oxygen) is formed on the surface (cross section) newly formed by the pulverization of the coal. Suppresses contact.
- Coal pulverization can be performed using, for example, a planetary mill, ball mill, impact mill, ring roll mill, ball race mill, or the like.
- the pulverization step is preferably performed under atmospheric pressure from the viewpoint of equipment cost and energy cost.
- 100 degreeC is preferable, 80 degreeC is more preferable, and 50 degreeC is further more preferable.
- pulverization process it is better not to cool so that a manufacturing cost may be unnecessarily pushed up.
- the temperature of the coal and the protective solvent in the pulverization process exceeds the above upper limit, the bond between the molecules constituting the coal cannot be weakened in the mixing process, and the extraction rate improving effect may be insufficient.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the pulverized product obtained in this pulverization step is preferably 0.01 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm.
- the upper limit of the average particle size of the pulverized product obtained in this pulverization step is preferably 0.2 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm. If the average particle size of the pulverized product is less than the above lower limit, the effect of improving the extraction rate due to the refinement of coal becomes saturated, which may unnecessarily increase the cost. On the contrary, when the average particle diameter of the pulverized product exceeds the above upper limit, the effect of improving the extraction rate may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the cumulative 90 volume particle diameter of the pulverized product obtained in the pulverization step is preferably 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.2 mm.
- the lower limit of the cumulative 90 volume particle diameter of the pulverized product obtained in this pulverization step is not particularly limited as long as the average particle diameter is satisfied. If the cumulative 90 volume particle diameter of the pulverized product exceeds the above upper limit, the extraction rate improving effect may be insufficient.
- the coal used as a raw material is not particularly limited, and various quality coals can be used.
- bituminous coal with a high extraction rate or cheaper inferior quality coal (subbituminous coal or lignite) is preferably used.
- the said coal is good also as dry coal by air drying etc., you may use the thing containing a water
- the protective solvent used to cover the surface of the coal in the pulverization process may be any solvent that has compatibility with the extraction solvent described later and can be removed by evaporation separation or thermal decomposition in the evaporation separation process. A thing with high affinity with coal (it is easy to wet coal) is preferable.
- the upper limit of the kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C. of protection solvent preferably 100 mm 2 / s, and more preferably 10 mm 2 / s.
- the lower limit of the kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C. of the protective solvent is not particularly limited.
- the “kinematic viscosity” is a value measured according to JIS-K2283 (2000).
- Examples of such a protective solvent include monocyclic aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and bicyclic aromatic compounds such as naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, and trimethylnaphthalene.
- additives such as a surfactant that improves the wettability of coal may be added to the protective solvent.
- a surfactant that improves the wettability of coal
- those which are thermally decomposed in the mixing step or the evaporation separation step are preferably used in order to facilitate the reuse of the solvent.
- 20 mass% is preferable as a minimum of the content rate (ratio of the protective solvent with respect to the total amount of coal and a protective solvent) in the anhydrous ashless base (daf) of the protective solvent in a pulverization process, and 30 mass% is more preferable.
- pulverization process 60 mass% is preferable and 50 mass% is more preferable. If the content of the protective solvent in the pulverization process is less than the above lower limit, the coal surface cannot be covered with the protective solvent, and the weathering of the coal may not be sufficiently prevented, or the fluidity of the pulverized product becomes poor.
- the pulverized product obtained in this pulverization step is preferably in the form of a paste so that the handling properties in the mixing step described later can be improved.
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the pulverized paste at 30 ° C. is preferably 0.5 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 Pa ⁇ s.
- the upper limit of the viscosity of the paste of the pulverized product is preferably 1000 Pa ⁇ s, and more preferably 600 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the paste of the pulverized product When the viscosity of the paste of the pulverized product is less than the above lower limit, the ratio of the protective solvent contained in the paste of the pulverized product is too high, so that the heating rate in the mixing step described later becomes insufficient, and the effect of improving the extraction rate is achieved. May be insufficient. Conversely, when the viscosity of the pulverized paste exceeds the upper limit, handling of the pulverized paste may not be easy.
- the extraction solvent is preheated.
- a method for heating the extraction solvent is not particularly limited.
- a method of heating in line using a heat exchanger can be employed.
- a heat exchanger for example, a heat exchanger such as a multi-tube type, a plate type, or a spiral type is used.
- the extraction solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves coal.
- monocyclic aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- bicyclic aromatic compounds such as naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene and trimethylnaphthalene.
- Etc. can be used.
- bicyclic aromatic compounds derived from coal such as methylnaphthalene and naphthalene, which are distilled oils of by-products when carbonizing carbon to produce coke, are preferably used. Since this bicyclic aromatic compound has a basic structure similar to the structural molecule of coal, it has a high affinity with coal and can obtain a relatively high extraction rate.
- the extraction solvent is preferably the same solvent as the protective solvent. If the protective solvent and the extraction solvent are the same solvent, the solvent separated and recovered in the evaporative separation step described later can be reused as it is as the protective solvent and the extraction solvent, so that the production cost of ashless coal can be reduced.
- the boiling point of the extraction solvent is not particularly limited, for example, the lower limit of the boiling point of the extraction solvent is preferably 180 ° C, more preferably 230 ° C.
- the upper limit of the boiling point of the extraction solvent is preferably 300 ° C and more preferably 280 ° C.
- the boiling point of the extraction solvent is less than the above lower limit, the loss in recovering the extraction solvent in the evaporation separation step described later increases, and the recovery rate of the extraction solvent may be reduced.
- the boiling point of the extraction solvent exceeds the above upper limit, it becomes difficult to separate the solvent-soluble component and the extraction solvent, and the recovery rate of the extraction solvent may also decrease.
- the lower limit of the temperature after heating the extraction solvent is preferably 330 ° C, more preferably 380 ° C.
- the upper limit of the temperature after heating the extraction solvent is preferably 450 ° C. and more preferably 430 ° C.
- the temperature of the extraction solvent after heating is less than the lower limit, the extraction rate may be insufficient because the coal pulverized product cannot be sufficiently heated in the mixing step described later.
- the temperature after heating the extraction solvent exceeds the above upper limit, recombination of pyrolysis radicals generated by the pyrolysis reaction of coal in the mixing step may occur, which may also reduce the extraction rate.
- Step S3 the temperature of each coal particle in the pulverized product is rapidly increased by mixing the pulverized product containing the protective solvent obtained in the pulverizing step and the high temperature extraction solvent heated in the heating step. Raise. Thereby, the slurry by which the coal particle was disperse
- the lower limit of the temperature rising rate of the pulverized product in the mixing step is preferably 600 ° C./min, and more preferably 1,000 ° C./min.
- the upper limit of the temperature rising rate of the pulverized product in the mixing step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200,000 ° C./min, and more preferably 100,000 0000 ° C./min.
- the temperature increase rate of the pulverized product in the mixing step is less than the lower limit, the effect of improving the extraction rate due to rapid temperature increase may be insufficient.
- the rate of temperature rise of the pulverized product in the mixing step exceeds the above upper limit, the processing amount may be excessively limited or the equipment cost may increase unnecessarily.
- a method of mixing the pulverized product and the extraction solvent for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-208757, a method of introducing the pulverized product pressurized by a lock hopper into a pipe through which the extraction solvent flows is cited. It is done.
- a method for introducing the pulverized material into the pipe in addition to the method using the lock hopper, for example, a method using a pump can be applied.
- the above-mentioned method using the lock hopper is that a paste-like pulverized material is accommodated in a hopper capable of supplying gas and pressurizing the inside, supplying gas to the sealed hopper, pressurizing the inside, and This is a method of pushing a paste-like pulverized product.
- This lock hopper may be a part of piping divided by two valves.
- examples of pumps that can be used in the method using the pump include a Mono pump, a sine pump, a diaphragm pump, a bellows pump, and a rotary pump.
- a method of mixing the pulverized product and the extraction solvent a method may be adopted in which an agitator having sufficient stirring ability is provided and the pulverized product is charged into a tank for storing the extraction solvent at a time.
- the extraction solvent may be charged at once into a tank containing the pulverized product and stirred.
- the lower limit of the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product is preferably 2 times the mass of coal in the pulverized product, and more preferably 3 times.
- the upper limit of the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product is preferably 10 times the mass of coal in the pulverized product, and more preferably 8 times.
- the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product is less than the above lower limit, the coal components may not be sufficiently extracted.
- the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product exceeds the above upper limit, the production efficiency may be unnecessarily lowered due to the decrease in the ashless coal component concentration in the solution.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product to the mass of the protective solvent in the pulverized product is preferably 3 times, and more preferably 4 times.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the amount of the extraction solvent mixed with the pulverized product to the mass of the protective solvent in the pulverized product is preferably 15 times, and more preferably 12 times.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the slurry obtained in this mixing step is preferably 300 ° C, more preferably 350 ° C.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the slurry is preferably 450 ° C, more preferably 400 ° C.
- the temperature of the slurry is less than the lower limit, the extraction between the molecules constituting the coal cannot be sufficiently weakened, and the extraction rate may be reduced.
- the temperature of the slurry exceeds the upper limit, coal pyrolysis reaction becomes very active and recombination of generated pyrolysis radicals occurs, which may reduce the extraction rate.
- the slurry obtained in the mixing step is maintained for a certain period of time (extraction temperature) and waits for the coal components to elute.
- extraction temperature is preferably the temperature of the slurry obtained in the mixing step. However, in order to facilitate control and reduce energy costs, the extraction temperature is slightly different from the temperature of the slurry obtained in the mixing step. It is good.
- the lower limit of this temperature holding time is preferably 5 minutes, more preferably 20 minutes.
- the upper limit of the temperature holding time is preferably 3 hours, and more preferably 2 hours. If the temperature holding time is less than the lower limit, the extraction rate may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the temperature holding time exceeds the above upper limit, the cycle time becomes long and the production efficiency may be unnecessarily lowered.
- the mixing of the pulverized product and the extraction solvent and maintaining the temperature of the resulting slurry are preferably performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Specifically, it is preferable to mix the slurry and maintain the temperature in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen. By using an inert gas such as nitrogen, the slurry can be prevented from igniting in contact with oxygen during mixing and temperature holding.
- the pressure when mixing the pulverized product and the extraction solvent and maintaining the temperature of the resulting slurry depends on the temperature and the vapor pressure of the extraction solvent to be used, but can be, for example, 1 MPa or more and 3 MPa or less. If the pressure in the mixing step is lower than the vapor pressure of the extraction solvent, the extraction solvent may volatilize and the soluble components in the coal may not be sufficiently extracted. On the other hand, when the pressure at the time of heating extraction is too high, the equipment cost and the operating cost of the manufacturing apparatus increase.
- the slurry obtained in the mixing step is separated into a solution in which soluble components of coal are dissolved and a solid content composed of insoluble components of coal.
- complete solid-liquid separation is not required, but it is desirable to separate as much as possible a solution substantially free of solids.
- the method for separating the solution include a gravity sedimentation method, a filtration method, a centrifugal separation method, and the like. Among them, a gravity sedimentation method suitable for continuous treatment is preferably used. In the gravity sedimentation method, solid content in a slurry is settled by gravity, and separated into a supernatant liquid substantially free of solid content and a solid content concentrate formed by precipitation of the solid content.
- ⁇ Evaporation separation process> In the evaporative separation process of step S5, the protective solvent and the extraction solvent are evaporated and separated from the solution separated in the solution separation process to obtain ashless coal (hypercoal).
- a known separation method such as a distillation method or an evaporation method (spray drying method or the like) can be used.
- a known separation method such as a distillation method or an evaporation method (spray drying method or the like) can be used.
- the extraction solvent and the protective solvent separated from the solution are recovered, so that they can be repeatedly used as at least a part of the extraction solvent and the protective solvent.
- the ashless coal thus obtained has an ash content of 5% by mass or less or 3% by mass or less, hardly contains ash, has no moisture, and exhibits a higher calorific value than, for example, raw coal. Furthermore, ashless coal has a significantly improved softening and melting property, which is a particularly important quality as a raw material for iron-making coke, and exhibits fluidity far superior to, for example, raw material coal. Therefore, the ashless coal obtained by the method for producing ashless coal can be suitably used as a blended coal for coke raw materials.
- the coal is pulverized in the presence of a protective solvent in the pulverization step, so the coal is difficult to touch the air, and the particle size of the coal can be reduced while suppressing weathering. For this reason, since the temperature of the coal can be rapidly raised by the heat of the extraction solvent preheated in the mixing step without impairing the components effective as ashless coal, the extraction rate from coal can be made relatively large. it can. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the ashless coal can manufacture ashless coal efficiently.
- Example 2 An ashless coal was prototyped by the method for producing ashless coal of the present invention, using bituminous coal pre-ground to an average particle size of 0.3 mm as the raw material coal and 1-methylnaphthalene as the protective solvent and extraction solvent.
- the extraction solvent 160 g was put into a 500 cc heating pressure device having a stainless steel filter and heated to 400 ° C. under a 2.0 MPa pressure condition.
- the above pulverized product was put into this heated extraction solvent and mixed instantaneously to obtain a 380 ° C. slurry.
- the temperature rising rate of the pulverized product at this time was about 1500 ° C./min.
- the slurry is filtered through a stainless steel filter of the heating pressure device to obtain a solution in which soluble components of coal are dissolved and a filter residue (solid content) of undissolved components of coal. separated.
- the above solution was dried to obtain ashless coal according to an example of the present invention.
- the extraction rate of the soluble component from coal in the Example of this invention was computed by the mass% of anhydrous ashless base (daf) by drying the said filter residue and measuring a weight.
- Control example As a control example, ashless coal was prototyped by a conventional method for rapidly heating coal. In this comparative example, an ashless coal was prototyped under the same conditions as in the above example except that a mixture of coal and a protective solvent was used without secondary pulverization, and the extraction rate of soluble components from the coal was calculated. .
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, the coal was crushed to an average particle size of 0.06 mm using a mortar without adding a protective solvent, and the protective solvent was mixed with this pulverized product to obtain a paste-like pulverized product. An ashless coal was made under the same conditions as in the example, and the extraction rate of soluble components from the coal was calculated.
- Comparative Example 2 As Comparative Example 2, a slurry was obtained by mixing with 180 g of a normal temperature extraction solvent without secondary pulverization of coal, and this slurry was increased to 380 ° C. at a heating rate of 5.5 ° C./min using a heating pressure device. Except for heating and holding for 1 hour, ashless coal was prototyped under the same conditions as in the above examples, and the extraction rate of soluble components from the coal was calculated.
- This comparative example is based on a general method for producing ashless coal, which has been performed before the production method for rapidly heating coal is established.
- Comparative Example 3 As Comparative Example 3, a paste obtained by pulverizing a mixture of coal and a protective solvent with a planetary mill was mixed with 160 g of a normal temperature extraction solvent to obtain a slurry, and this slurry was heated at a rate of temperature increase of 5. Except that the temperature was raised to 380 ° C. at 5 ° C./min and held for 1 hour, ashless coal was prototyped under the same conditions as in the above examples, and the extraction rate of soluble components from the coal was calculated.
- Comparative Example 4 coal was pulverized to an average particle size of 0.06 mm using a mortar without adding a protective solvent and 180 g of a normal temperature extraction solvent was mixed to obtain a slurry, and this slurry was heated using a heating pressure device.
- the ash-free coal was prototyped under the same conditions as in the above example except that the temperature was raised to 380 ° C. at a heating rate of 5.5 ° C./min and held for 1 hour, and the extraction rate of soluble components from the coal was calculated. did.
- FIG. 2 summarizes the relationship between the average particle diameter of the above Examples, Control Examples and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and the extraction rate from coal.
- the protective solvent was compared with the control example in which the coal was not secondarily pulverized.
- the extraction rate of the example in which the coal was secondarily pulverized in the presence of NO was improved, but the comparative example 1 in which the coal was secondly pulverized in a state where it was exposed to air without adding a protective solvent was extracted although the particle size was reduced. The rate fell.
- the method for producing ashless coal of the present invention can be widely used for producing ashless coal used as fuel, coke raw material and the like, for example.
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Abstract
Description
図1の無灰炭の製造方法は、石炭を保護溶剤の存在下で粉砕する工程<ステップS1:粉砕工程>と、抽出溶剤を加熱する工程<ステップS2:加熱工程>と、上記粉砕工程で得られる粉砕物及び上記加熱工程で得られる抽出溶剤を混合する工程<ステップS3:混合工程>と、上記混合工程で得られるスラリーから石炭成分が溶解した溶液を分離する工程<ステップS4:溶液分離工程>と、上記分離工程で得られる溶液から上記保護溶剤及び抽出溶剤を蒸発分離する工程<ステップS5:蒸発分離工程>とを備える。
ステップS1の粉砕工程では、石炭を保護溶剤の存在下で粉砕することによって、粉砕した石炭の表面を保護溶剤で覆い、石炭の粉砕により新たに形成される表面(断面)に空気(特に酸素)が接触することを抑制する。
当該無灰炭の製造方法において、原料として用いる石炭としては、特に限定されず、様々な品質の石炭を用いることができる。例えば抽出率の高い瀝青炭や、より安価な劣質炭(亜瀝青炭や褐炭)が好適に用いられる。また、複数種類の石炭を混合したものを原料としてもよい。なお、上記石炭は、風乾等により乾燥炭としてもよいが、水分を含んだ状態のものを用いてもよい。
粉砕工程において石炭の表面を覆うために用いられる保護溶剤としては、後述する抽出溶剤との相溶性を有し、蒸発分離工程で蒸発分離又は熱分解により除去し得るものであればよく、常温において石炭との親和性が高い(石炭を濡らし易い)ものが好ましい。
ステップS2の加熱工程では、抽出溶剤を予め加熱する。抽出溶剤の加熱方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば熱交換器を用いてインラインで加熱する方法を採用することができる。この熱交換器としては、例えば多管式型、プレート型、スパイラル型等の熱交換器が用いられる。
抽出溶剤としては、石炭を溶解するものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の単環芳香族化合物や、ナフタレン、メチルナフタレン、ジメチルナフタレン、トリメチルナフタレン等の2環芳香族化合物などを用いることができる。中でも、石炭を乾留してコークスを製造する際の副生油の蒸留油であるメチルナフタレン、ナフタレン等の石炭由来の2環芳香族化合物が好適に用いられる。この2環芳香族化合物は、基本的な構造が石炭の構造分子と類似していることから石炭との親和性が高く、比較的高い抽出率を得ることができる。
ステップS3の混合工程では、上記粉砕工程で得られる保護溶剤を含む粉砕物と、上記加熱工程で加熱した高温の抽出溶剤とを混合することにより、粉砕物中の各石炭粒子の温度を急速に上昇させる。これにより、抽出溶剤中に石炭粒子が分散されたスラリーが得られる。
ステップS4の溶液分離工程では、上記混合工程で得られるスラリーを石炭の可溶成分が溶解した溶液と、石炭の不溶成分からなる固形分とに分離する。この溶液分離工程では、完全な固液分離は要求されないが、固形分を実質的に含まない溶液をできるだけ多く分離することが望ましい。この溶液を分離する方法としては、例えば重力沈降法、濾過法、遠心分離法等が挙げられ、中でも連続処理に適した重力沈降法が好適に用いられる。重力沈降法では、スラリー中の固形分を重力によって沈降させ、固形分を実質的に含まない上澄液と、固形分が沈殿して形成される固形分濃縮液とに分離する。
ステップS5の蒸発分離工程では、溶液分離工程で分離された溶液から保護溶剤及び抽出溶剤を蒸発分離して無灰炭(ハイパーコール)を得る。
当該無灰炭の製造方法は、粉砕工程において、石炭を保護溶剤の存在下で粉砕するので、石炭が空気に触れ難く、風化を抑制しつつ石炭の粒子径を小さくすることができる。このため、無灰炭として有効な成分を損なうことなく、混合工程で予め加熱した抽出溶剤の熱により石炭の中心部まで急速に昇温できるので、石炭からの抽出率を比較的大きくすることができる。従って、当該無灰炭の製造方法は、無灰炭を効率よく製造することができる。
上記実施形態は、本発明の構成を限定するものではない。従って、上記実施形態は、本明細書の記載及び技術常識に基づいて上記実施形態各部の構成要素の省略、置換又は追加が可能であり、それらは全て本発明の範囲に属するものと解釈されるべきである。
原料となる石炭として平均粒子径0.3mmに予備粉砕した瀝青炭を用い、保護溶剤及び抽出溶剤として1-メチルナフタレンを用いて、本発明の無灰炭の製造方法により無灰炭を試作した。
対照例として、従来の石炭を急速昇温させる製造方法により無灰炭を試作した。この比較例は、石炭及び保護溶剤の混合物を二次粉砕せずに使用したこと以外は、上記実施例と同じ条件で無灰炭を試作し、石炭からの可溶成分の抽出率を算出した。
比較例1として、保護溶剤を加えずに石炭をすり鉢を用いて平均粒子径0.06mmに粉砕し、この粉砕物に保護溶剤を混合してペースト状の粉砕物を得た以外は、上記実施例と同じ条件で無灰炭を試作し、石炭からの可溶成分の抽出率を算出した。
比較例2として、石炭を二次粉砕することなく、常温の抽出溶剤180gと混合してスラリーを得、このスラリーを加熱圧力装置を用いて昇温速度5.5℃/分で380℃まで昇温して1時間保持した以外は、上記実施例と同じ条件で無灰炭を試作し、石炭からの可溶成分の抽出率を算出した。この比較例は、石炭を急速昇温させる製造方法が確立される以前から行われていた一般的な無灰炭の製造方法によるものである。
比較例3として、石炭と保護溶剤との混合物を遊星ミルで粉砕して得たペーストを常温の抽出溶剤160gと混合してスラリーを得、このスラリーを加熱圧力装置を用いて昇温速度5.5℃/分で380℃まで昇温して1時間保持した以外は、上記実施例と同じ条件で無灰炭を試作し、石炭からの可溶成分の抽出率を算出した。
比較例4として、保護溶剤を加えずに石炭をすり鉢を用いて平均粒子径0.06mmに粉砕したものと常温の抽出溶剤180gとを混合してスラリーを得、このスラリーを加熱圧力装置を用いて昇温速度5.5℃/分で380℃まで昇温して1時間保持した以外は、上記実施例と同じ条件で無灰炭を試作し、石炭からの可溶成分の抽出率を算出した。
本出願は、2015年11月25日出願の日本特許出願(特願2015-230140)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
S2 加熱工程
S3 混合工程
S4 溶液分離工程
S5 蒸発分離工程
Claims (5)
- 石炭を保護溶剤の存在下で粉砕する工程と、
抽出溶剤を加熱する工程と、
上記粉砕工程で得られる粉砕物及び上記加熱工程で得られる抽出溶剤を混合する工程と、
上記混合工程で得られるスラリーから石炭成分が溶解した溶液を分離する工程と、
上記分離工程で得られる溶液から上記保護溶剤及び抽出溶剤を蒸発分離する工程と
を備える無灰炭の製造方法。 - 上記粉砕工程で得られる粉砕物の平均粒子径を0.2mm以下にする請求項1に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 上記混合工程で、粉砕物の昇温速度が600℃/分以上となるよう上記粉砕物及び抽出溶剤を混合する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 上記保護溶剤と抽出溶剤とが同じ溶剤である請求項1に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
- 上記粉砕工程における保護溶剤の含有率が20質量%以上60%質量以下である請求項1に記載の無灰炭の製造方法。
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US15/772,265 US20180320097A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2016-11-09 | Method for producing ash-free coal |
CN201680067329.7A CN108291164B (zh) | 2015-11-25 | 2016-11-09 | 无灰煤的制造方法 |
AU2016360026A AU2016360026B2 (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2016-11-09 | Method for producing ash-free coal |
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