WO2017072386A1 - Method for obtaining an amphipod-based marine product - Google Patents
Method for obtaining an amphipod-based marine product Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017072386A1 WO2017072386A1 PCT/ES2016/070760 ES2016070760W WO2017072386A1 WO 2017072386 A1 WO2017072386 A1 WO 2017072386A1 ES 2016070760 W ES2016070760 W ES 2016070760W WO 2017072386 A1 WO2017072386 A1 WO 2017072386A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of aquaculture and in particular refers to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods.
- fouling species (English term that describes marine organisms that adhere to artificial surfaces such as cement, wood, plastic, etc. when they are submerged in the sea) associated with open sea aquaculture cages is considered within the integrated multitrophic aquaculture concept (IMTA; Integrated MultiTrophic Acuaculture).
- IMTA integrated MultiTrophic Acuaculture
- This type of aquaculture is based on the combination of the cultivation of species fed with feed, such as fish, with species capable of taking advantage of the waste generated by the main crop that is normally introduced for this purpose.
- feed such as fish
- species capable of taking advantage of the waste generated by the main crop that is normally introduced for this purpose are normally introduced for this purpose.
- mollusc species such as mussels or oysters
- algae that take advantage of the surpluses of a main fish crop.
- the main problems encountered so far are related to the adaptation of these species to the cultivation area and the profitability of the new crops taking into account the initial seed cost.
- the present invention solves the problems of the state of the art since it refers to a procedure that is carried out in the open sea maximizing the investment made for the cultivation of fish or mollusks by taking advantage of the organic remains derived from this crop, minimizing the need for new permits for the occupation of the marine environment and generates an additional product that can diversify the market of fish or mollusc farming companies. It also minimizes the environmental impact by taking advantage of the remains of organic matter from the main crop and not requiring additional food, configuring what is called an integrated multitrophic crop (in English IMTA). It allows large quantities of amphipods to be achieved by eliminating the costs of installing tanks on land and maintaining them.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods (hereinafter, process of the present invention) comprising a first stage of collecting amphipods in a marine collector and a subsequent stage of extraction thereof where the amphipod extraction is performed by osmotic shock.
- the manifold is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure and an inner, natural or artificial matrix.
- the collector is integrated into open sea aquaculture facilities.
- the step of collecting amphipods in the marine collector is carried out by fixing the amphipods in the collector, more particularly, fixing the amphipods is done by natural fixation and subsequent growth of the same.
- the amphipod collection stage has a duration of at least 2 weeks, preferably between 4 and 6 weeks.
- the stage of amphipod extraction by osmotic shock is performed by immersing the collectors in fresh water.
- the osmotic shock extraction stage has a duration of at least 3 minutes.
- the filtration of the amphipods is carried out by sieve, preferably the sieve has at least 500 ⁇ of mesh light.
- the product obtained is preserved by freezing at -20 ° C and / or by lyophilization.
- the present invention relates to a marine product based on amphipods (product of the present invention) obtained by the process of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the use of the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention for the preparation of a food product and / or a food supplement.
- the food product comprises only the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention.
- the food product comprises other ingredients.
- the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention can be used for the manufacture of flour, crushing or feed.
- the product obtained is composed of more than 85% amphipods.
- the final product is considered a potential food not only for use in aquarium hobby and aquaculture (it can be used directly in the feeding of aquaculture species in larval and juvenile state and in aquarium fish that require live or frozen prey or in the form of flours for feeding adults of cultivated species) but also in the configuration of pet feeds or even as food or complement rich in ácidos3 fatty acids for human consumption.
- the amphipod collectors are installed in infrastructures such as those used in cages intended for fish farming, specifically in flotation rings and buoys (surface) and in anti-current rings (depth,).
- Each collector is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure, acting as a container, which in the case of the pilot study corresponded with 40 x 60 cm mesh bags with a pore diameter of 1 mm.
- Each collector in turn has an inner matrix that guarantees sufficient available surface for the amphipod shelter.
- two different matrices were used: an artificial one, composed of raffia cloth cut into strips and folded and a natural one, formed with dried mussel shells.
- the amphipods of the collectors are removed.
- the ends of the anti-current rings must be disassembled, for which the help of two divers is necessary.
- the collectors can be climbed by hand or with the help of a feather boat.
- the extraction method consists of immersing the collectors in fresh water for a period of three minutes. The osmotic shock causes the amphipods to swim and detach from the collector, allowing the separation of sessile organisms from the mobiles. Once this time has elapsed, the water where the amphipods are found is screened through a sieve of 500 ⁇ of mesh light, sufficient size to retain this type of organisms.
- an upper mesh light sieve for example, 2 mm
- This method has allowed recovering approximately 80% of the organisms associated with the collectors. Once the amphipods are collected in the sieve, the sample can be frozen or stored on ice until freezing at -20 ° C.
- Each production unit generates about 33 g of product.
- Scaling at an industrial level a production can be estimated in a 12-cage installation of around 216 kg per month.
- the product obtained in the pilot study is composed of more than 85% amphipods. However, the adaptation of the immersion time and the coupling of a second sieve could further increase this percentage, obtaining a purer sample. Unlike monospecific cultures in tanks, the product obtained is formed by a mixture of species whose composition is detailed in Table 1.
- the product complies with the legislation on heavy metal concentration: Hg (mg / Kg): 0.00 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight Cd (mg / Kg): 0.05 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight Pb ( mg / kg): 0.19 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / kg fresh weight
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for obtaining an amphipod-based marine product, comprising a first step of collecting amphipods in a collector and a subsequent step of extracting the amphipods by means of osmotic shock. The invention also relates to the product obtained using the above-mentioned method and to the use of said product for the production of a food product and/or supplement.
Description
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE UN PRODUCTO MARINO A BASE DE ANFÍPODOS PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A MARINE PRODUCT BASED ON ANPHYPODS
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se encuadra en el campo de la acuicultura y en particular se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtención de un producto marino a base de anfípodos. The present invention falls within the field of aquaculture and in particular refers to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIOR STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
Existe una variedad de artículos relacionados con el uso de anfípodos para la alimentación de especies de acuicultura (Baeza-Rojano et al. (2010). Use of Amphipods as alternative prey to culture cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) hatchlings. Aquaculture, 300(1), 243-246; Baeza- Rojano et al. (2013a). Marine gammarids (Crustácea: Amphipoda): a new live prey to culture Octopus maya hatchlings. Aquaculture Research, 44(10), 1602-1612; Jiménez-Prada et al. (2015). Importancia de los anfípodos en la dieta de especies de interés acuícola del litoral andaluz. Zool. baetica, 26, 3-29; y la patente ES 2438943). La gran mayoría de ellos se refieren a su uso como presa viva o en forma de harinas para la producción de piensos. El uso de ellos como presa viva supone un difícil de manejo del cultivo debido al mantenimiento complicado en los tanques y no mejora en eficacia ni en coste las presas usadas hasta ahora. Asimismo, su uso para la fabricación de harinas con el objetivo de optimizar la fabricación del pienso hasta ahora tampoco ha sido exitosa debido a la dificultad de obtener grandes cantidades a bajos costes. Poca atención ha recibido sin embargo, su uso como dieta de transición entre la presa viva y la alimentación con pienso de las fases larvarias y juveniles de las especies de acuicultura (con individuos congelados o secos), así como en la alimentación de peces de acuario, mascotas o alimentación humana. There are a variety of articles related to the use of amphipods for feeding aquaculture species (Baeza-Rojano et al. (2010). Use of Amphipods as alternative prey to culture cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) hatchlings. Aquaculture, 300 (1) , 243-246; Baeza-Rojano et al. (2013a). Marine gammarids (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a new live prey to culture Octopus maya hatchlings. Aquaculture Research, 44 (10), 1602-1612; Jiménez-Prada et al (2015) Importance of amphipods in the diet of species of aquaculture interest of the Andalusian coast, Zool, Baetica, 26, 3-29, and the patent ES 2438943). The vast majority of them refer to their use as live prey or in the form of flours for the production of feed. The use of them as a live prey is a difficult crop management due to the complicated maintenance in the tanks and does not improve in efficiency or cost the dams used so far. Also, its use for the manufacture of flours with the aim of optimizing the manufacture of the feed so far has not been successful due to the difficulty of obtaining large quantities at low costs. Little attention has been received, however, as a transitional diet between live prey and feed with feed from larval and juvenile phases of aquaculture species (with frozen or dried individuals), as well as in the feeding of aquarium fish , pets or human food.
Su aplicabilidad en el sector de la acuicultura junto con el uso tradicional de los anfípodos como organismos bioindicadores para test de toxicidad ha hecho que varios estudios (Baeza-Rojano et al. 2013b A preliminary study of the Caprella scaura amphipod culture for potential use in aquaculture. Journal of Sea Research, 83, 146-151 y patentes CN 103202245 y CN 103202246) se centren en su cultivo en laboratorio. El cultivo en acuarios o tanques en tierra requiere la recolección previa de individuos del medio natural y su posterior alimentación, para lo que son necesarios cultivos complementarios. El cultivo de anfípodos en estos ambientes conlleva por tanto un importante gasto energético y de
infraestructuras relacionado con el mantenimiento de los tanques, su oxigenación, depuración de agua, etc. Its applicability in the aquaculture sector together with the traditional use of amphipods as bioindicating organisms for toxicity testing has led to several studies (Baeza-Rojano et al. 2013b A preliminary study of the Caprella scaura amphipod culture for potential use in aquaculture Journal of Sea Research, 83, 146-151 and CN patents 103202245 and CN 103202246) focus on their laboratory culture. Cultivation in aquariums or tanks on land requires the prior collection of individuals from the natural environment and their subsequent feeding, for which complementary crops are necessary. The cultivation of amphipods in these environments therefore entails a significant energy expenditure and infrastructure related to the maintenance of the tanks, their oxygenation, water purification, etc.
El aprovechamiento de las especies del fouling (término inglés que describe a los organismos marinos que se adhieren a superficies artificiales como cemento, madera, plástico, etc cuando éstos son sumergidos en el mar) asociadas a jaulas de acuicultura en mar abierto se considera dentro del concepto de acuicultura multitrófica integrada (en inglés IMTA; Integrated MultiTrophic Acuaculture). Este tipo de acuicultura se basa en la combinación del cultivo de especies alimentadas con pienso, como los peces, con especies capaces de aprovechar los residuos generados por el cultivo principal que normalmente son introducidas con tal fin. Así, la mayoría de los cultivos multitróficos se han centrado en acoplar especies de moluscos, como mejillón u ostra, y algas que aprovechen los excedentes de un cultivo principal de peces. Los principales problemas encontrados hasta ahora vienen relacionados con la adaptación de estas especies a la zona de cultivo y la rentabilidad de los nuevos cultivos teniendo en cuenta el coste de semilla inicial. The use of fouling species (English term that describes marine organisms that adhere to artificial surfaces such as cement, wood, plastic, etc. when they are submerged in the sea) associated with open sea aquaculture cages is considered within the integrated multitrophic aquaculture concept (IMTA; Integrated MultiTrophic Acuaculture). This type of aquaculture is based on the combination of the cultivation of species fed with feed, such as fish, with species capable of taking advantage of the waste generated by the main crop that is normally introduced for this purpose. Thus, most multitrophic crops have focused on coupling mollusc species, such as mussels or oysters, and algae that take advantage of the surpluses of a main fish crop. The main problems encountered so far are related to the adaptation of these species to the cultivation area and the profitability of the new crops taking into account the initial seed cost.
Se hace necesario, a la luz de lo anteriormente expuesto, buscar especies que ya estén presentes de forma natural en las instalaciones, de forma que se garantice su adaptación a las condiciones ambientales y oceanográficas de la zona, se mejore el potencial valor económico y se incremente la sostenibilidad de la actividad, resolviendo algunos de los problemas de los cultivos multitróficos encontrados hasta ahora. It is necessary, in the light of the above, to look for species that are already naturally present in the facilities, so that their adaptation to the environmental and oceanographic conditions of the area is guaranteed, the potential economic value is improved and Increase the sustainability of the activity, solving some of the problems of multitrophic crops found so far.
Existe pues la necesidad de proporcionar un procedimiento para la obtención producto a base de anfípodos en grandes cantidades, con bajo impacto ambiental y bajo coste que supere los problemas descritos en el estado de la técnica. There is therefore a need to provide a process for obtaining amphipod-based product in large quantities, with low environmental impact and low cost that overcomes the problems described in the prior art.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención soluciona los problemas del estado de la técnica ya que se refiere a un procedimiento que se realiza en mar abierto maximizando la inversión realizada para el cultivo de peces o moluscos al aprovechar los restos orgánicos derivados de este cultivo, minimiza la necesidad de nuevos permisos de ocupación del medio marino y genera un producto adicional que puede diversificar el mercado de las empresas de cría de peces o moluscos. Minimiza además el impacto ambiental al aprovechar los restos de materia orgánica procedente del cultivo principal y no requerir alimentación adicional, configurando lo que se denomina un cultivo multitrófico integrado (en inglés IMTA). Permite conseguir grandes cantidades de anfípodos eliminando los costes derivados de la instalación de tanques en tierra y del mantenimiento de estos.
Así pues, en un primer aspecto, la presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtención de un producto marino a base de anfípodos (de aquí en adelante, procedimiento de la presente invención) que comprende una primera etapa de recolección de anfípodos en un colector marino y una etapa posterior de extracción de los mismos donde la extracción de los anfípodos se realiza mediante choque osmótico. The present invention solves the problems of the state of the art since it refers to a procedure that is carried out in the open sea maximizing the investment made for the cultivation of fish or mollusks by taking advantage of the organic remains derived from this crop, minimizing the need for new permits for the occupation of the marine environment and generates an additional product that can diversify the market of fish or mollusc farming companies. It also minimizes the environmental impact by taking advantage of the remains of organic matter from the main crop and not requiring additional food, configuring what is called an integrated multitrophic crop (in English IMTA). It allows large quantities of amphipods to be achieved by eliminating the costs of installing tanks on land and maintaining them. Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods (hereinafter, process of the present invention) comprising a first stage of collecting amphipods in a marine collector and a subsequent stage of extraction thereof where the amphipod extraction is performed by osmotic shock.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, el colector está formado por una estructura tubular plástica exterior y una matriz interior, natural o artificial. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the manifold is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure and an inner, natural or artificial matrix.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, el colector se integra en instalaciones de acuicultura en mar abierto. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the collector is integrated into open sea aquaculture facilities.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, la etapa de recolección de anfípodos en el colector marino se realiza mediante fijación de los anfípodos en el colector, más en particular, la fijación de los anfípodos se realiza mediante fijación natural y posterior crecimiento de los mismos. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the step of collecting amphipods in the marine collector is carried out by fixing the amphipods in the collector, more particularly, fixing the amphipods is done by natural fixation and subsequent growth of the same.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, la etapa de recolección de anfípodos tiene una duración de al menos 2 semanas, preferentemente entre 4 y 6 semanas. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the amphipod collection stage has a duration of at least 2 weeks, preferably between 4 and 6 weeks.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, la etapa de extracción de anfípodos mediante choque osmótico se realiza mediante inmersión de los colectores en agua dulce. En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, la etapa de extracción mediante choque osmótico tiene una duración de al menos 3 minutos. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the stage of amphipod extraction by osmotic shock is performed by immersing the collectors in fresh water. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, the osmotic shock extraction stage has a duration of at least 3 minutes.
En un aspecto más en particular de la presente invención, después de la etapa de extracción de anfípodos, hay una etapa de filtración de los mismos. En un aspecto más en particular, la filtración de los anfípodos se realiza mediante tamiz, preferentemente el tamiz tiene al menos 500 μηι de luz de malla. En un aspecto en particular, el producto obtenido se conserva por congelación a -20°C y/o por liofilización. In a more particular aspect of the present invention, after the amphipod extraction stage, there is a filtration stage thereof. In a more particular aspect, the filtration of the amphipods is carried out by sieve, preferably the sieve has at least 500 μηι of mesh light. In one particular aspect, the product obtained is preserved by freezing at -20 ° C and / or by lyophilization.
En un segundo aspecto, la presente invención se refiere a un producto marino a base de anfípodos (producto de la presente invención) obtenido mediante el procedimiento de la presente invención. In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a marine product based on amphipods (product of the present invention) obtained by the process of the present invention.
En un tercer aspecto, la presente invención se refiere al uso del producto marino a base de anfípodos de la presente invención para la preparación de un producto alimentario y/o un suplemento alimentario.
En una realización en particular, el producto alimentario comprende únicamente el producto marino a base de anfípodos de la presente invención. En una realización en particular, el producto alimentario comprende otros ingredientes. In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention for the preparation of a food product and / or a food supplement. In a particular embodiment, the food product comprises only the amphipod-based marine product of the present invention. In a particular embodiment, the food product comprises other ingredients.
El producto marino a base de anfípodos de la presente invención puede utilizarse para la fabricación de harinas, triturados o piensos. The amphipod-based marine product of the present invention can be used for the manufacture of flour, crushing or feed.
El producto obtenido está compuesto en más de un 85% por anfípodos. El producto final se considera un alimento potencial no sólo de uso en acuariofilia y en acuicultura (pudiendo ser usado directamente en la alimentación de especies de acuicultura en estado larvario y juvenil y en peces de acuario que precisan de presas vivas o congeladas o en forma de harinas para la alimentación de adultos de especies cultivadas) sino también en la configuración de piensos para mascotas o incluso como alimento o complemento rico en ácidos grasos ω3 para alimentación humana. The product obtained is composed of more than 85% amphipods. The final product is considered a potential food not only for use in aquarium hobby and aquaculture (it can be used directly in the feeding of aquaculture species in larval and juvenile state and in aquarium fish that require live or frozen prey or in the form of flours for feeding adults of cultivated species) but also in the configuration of pet feeds or even as food or complement rich in ácidos3 fatty acids for human consumption.
EXPOSICIÓN DETALLADA DE MODOS DE REALIZACIÓN DETAILED EXHIBITION OF REALIZATION MODES
Método de recolección: Collection Method:
Los colectores de anfípodos se instalan en infraestructuras como las usadas en las jaulas destinadas al cultivo de peces, en concreto en los anillos de flotación y las boyas (superficie) y en los anillos anticorrientes (profundidad,). Cada colector está formado por una estructura tubular plástica exterior, haciendo las veces de contenedor, que en el caso del estudio piloto se correspondieron con bolsas de malla de 40 x 60 cm con un diámetro de poro de 1 mm. Cada colector tiene a su vez una matriz interior que garantice suficiente superficie disponible para el refugio de los anfípodos. En el estudio piloto se usaron dos matrices diferentes: una artificial, compuesta pór tela de rafia cortada en tiras y plegadas y otra natural, formada con conchas de mejillón secas. Si bien con los dos tipos de colectores se obtuvieron buenos resultados de recolección, los formados por mejillón tuvieron mejor resistencia a las condiciones oceanográficas y además ofrecen una salida a la sobreproducción de mejillón que se desarrolla sobre cabos y boyas en las instalaciones de cultivo de peces. En el estudio piloto se estudiaron dos profundidades de colocación de los colectores, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos reflejan que podrían colocarse a lo largo de toda la columna de agua. El periodo mínimo de inmersión de los colectores es de dos semanas, pero es recomendable extenderlo hasta las 4-6 semanas para recoger mayor biomasa. Los periodos superiores a este tiempo pueden generar interferencias con otros organismos no objetivo como larvas de mejillón o erizos de mar principalmente.
Método de extracción: The amphipod collectors are installed in infrastructures such as those used in cages intended for fish farming, specifically in flotation rings and buoys (surface) and in anti-current rings (depth,). Each collector is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure, acting as a container, which in the case of the pilot study corresponded with 40 x 60 cm mesh bags with a pore diameter of 1 mm. Each collector in turn has an inner matrix that guarantees sufficient available surface for the amphipod shelter. In the pilot study two different matrices were used: an artificial one, composed of raffia cloth cut into strips and folded and a natural one, formed with dried mussel shells. Although good collection results were obtained with the two types of collectors, those formed by mussels had better resistance to oceanographic conditions and also offer an outlet for mussel overproduction that develops on ropes and buoys in fish farming facilities . In the pilot study two depths of placement of the collectors were studied, however, the results obtained reflect that they could be placed along the entire water column. The minimum period of immersion of the collectors is two weeks, but it is advisable to extend it until 4-6 weeks to collect more biomass. Periods greater than this time can generate interference with other non-target organisms such as mussel larvae or sea urchins mainly. Extraction Method:
Pasado el tiempo de recolección se procede a la extracción de los anfípodos de los colectores. En primer lugar deben desanclarse los cabos de los anillos anticorriente, para lo que es necesario la ayuda de dos buceadores. Una vez libres, los colectores pueden subirse a mano o con la ayuda de un barco con pluma. El método de extracción consiste en la inmersión de los colectores en agua dulce durante un periodo de tres minutos. El choque osmótico hace que los anfípodos naden y se desprendan del colector, permitiendo la separación de organismos sésiles de los móviles. Una vez transcurrido este tiempo, el agua donde se encuentran los anfípodos se tamiza a través de un tamiz de 500 μηι de luz de malla, tamaño suficiente para retener este tipo de organismos. Es posible acoplar un tamiz de luz de malla superior (por ejemplo, 2 mm) con el fin de retirar otro tipo de organismos como poliquetos o algún organismo sésil que hubiera caído y conseguir una muestra más pura. Este método ha permitido recuperar aproximadamente un 80% de los organismos asociados a los colectores. Una vez los anfípodos estén recogidos en el tamiz, la muestra puede ser congelada o conservada en hielo hasta su posterior congelación a -20°C. After the collection time, the amphipods of the collectors are removed. First, the ends of the anti-current rings must be disassembled, for which the help of two divers is necessary. Once free, the collectors can be climbed by hand or with the help of a feather boat. The extraction method consists of immersing the collectors in fresh water for a period of three minutes. The osmotic shock causes the amphipods to swim and detach from the collector, allowing the separation of sessile organisms from the mobiles. Once this time has elapsed, the water where the amphipods are found is screened through a sieve of 500 μηι of mesh light, sufficient size to retain this type of organisms. It is possible to attach an upper mesh light sieve (for example, 2 mm) in order to remove other types of organisms such as polychaetes or some sessile organism that had fallen and get a purer sample. This method has allowed recovering approximately 80% of the organisms associated with the collectors. Once the amphipods are collected in the sieve, the sample can be frozen or stored on ice until freezing at -20 ° C.
Cada unidad de producción genera unos 33 g de producto. Escalado a nivel industrial se puede estimar una producción en una instalación de 12 jaulas de alrededor de 216 kg al mes. Each production unit generates about 33 g of product. Scaling at an industrial level, a production can be estimated in a 12-cage installation of around 216 kg per month.
El producto The product
El producto obtenido en el estudio piloto está compuesto en más de un 85% por anfípodos. Sin embargo, la adecuación del tiempo de inmersión y el acople de un segundo tamiz podrían incrementar más aún este porcentaje, obteniéndose una muestra más pura. A diferencia de los cultivos monoespecíficos en tanques, el producto obtenido está formado por una mezcla de especies cuya composición se detalla en la tabla 1. The product obtained in the pilot study is composed of more than 85% amphipods. However, the adaptation of the immersion time and the coupling of a second sieve could further increase this percentage, obtaining a purer sample. Unlike monospecific cultures in tanks, the product obtained is formed by a mixture of species whose composition is detailed in Table 1.
Tabla 1. Valor mínimo, máximo y medio de cada una de las especies encontradas en las muestras de anfípodos Table 1. Minimum, maximum and average value of each of the species found in amphipod samples
Composición de especies (%) Species composition (%)
Mínimo Máximo Media Minimum Maximum Average
Ericthonius punctatus 0 2.9 0.8 Ericthonius punctatus 0 2.9 0.8
Elasmopus rapax 0 1 1 .9 2.7 Elasmopus rapax 0 1 1 .9 2.7
Caprella dilatata 0.3 1 1 .3 2.1 Caprella dilatata 0.3 1 1 .3 2.1
Caprella equilibra 2.9 19.2 7.1
Stenothoe spp. 12.3 46.3 27.1 Caprella balances 2.9 19.2 7.1 Stenothoe spp. 12.3 46.3 27.1
Jassa spp. 34.1 77.9 60.2 Jassa spp. 34.1 77.9 60.2
Tabla 2. Valor nutricional del producto Table 2. Product nutritional value
Contenido Metales pesados: Heavy Metals Content:
El producto cumple con la legislación sobre concentración de metales pesados: Hg (mg/Kg): 0.00 Contenido máximo en crustáceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso fresco Cd (mg/Kg): 0.05 Contenido máximo en crustáceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso fresco Pb (mg/Kg): 0.19 Contenido máximo en crustáceos 0.50 mg/Kg peso fresco
The product complies with the legislation on heavy metal concentration: Hg (mg / Kg): 0.00 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight Cd (mg / Kg): 0.05 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / Kg fresh weight Pb ( mg / kg): 0.19 Maximum content in crustaceans 0.50 mg / kg fresh weight
Claims
1. Procedimiento para la obtención de un producto marino a base de anfípodos que comprende una primera etapa de recolección de anfípodos en un colector marino y una etapa posterior de extracción de los mismos caracterizado porque la extracción se realiza mediante choque osmótico. 1. Procedure for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods comprising a first stage of collecting amphipods in a marine collector and a subsequent stage of extraction thereof characterized in that the extraction is performed by osmotic shock.
2. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 1 , donde el colector se integra en instalaciones de acuicultura. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the collector is integrated into aquaculture facilities.
3. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 1-2, donde el colector está formado por una estructura tubular plástica exterior y una matriz interior. 3. Method according to claim 1-2, wherein the collector is formed by an outer plastic tubular structure and an inner die.
4. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la etapa de recolección de anfípodos en el colector marino se realiza mediante fijación de los anfípodos al colector. 4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the stage of collecting amphipods in the marine collector is performed by fixing the amphipods to the collector.
5. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la etapa de recolección de anfípodos tiene una duración de al menos dos semanas. 5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the amphipod collection stage lasts at least two weeks.
6. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la etapa de extracción de anfípodos mediante choque osmótico se realiza mediante inmersión de los colectores en agua dulce. 6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the stage of amphipod extraction by osmotic shock is performed by immersion of the collectors in fresh water.
7. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la etapa de extracción mediante choque osmótico tiene una duración de al menos 3 minutos. 7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the stage of extraction by osmotic shock has a duration of at least 3 minutes.
8. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado por que después de la etapa de extracción de anfípodos, hay una etapa de filtración de los mismos. Method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that after the amphipod extraction stage, there is a filtration stage thereof.
9. Procedimiento según la reivindicación 8 donde la filtración de los anfípodos se realiza mediante tamiz de al menos 500 μηι de luz de malla. 9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the filtration of the amphipods is carried out by sieving at least 500 μηι of mesh light.
10. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 8-9, caracterizado por que después de la etapa de filtración de anfípodos, hay una etapa de congelación de los mismos. 10. Method according to any of claims 8-9, characterized in that after the amphipod filtration stage, there is a freezing stage thereof.
1 1. Producto marino a base de anfípodos obtenido mediante un procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-10. 1 1. Marine product based on amphipods obtained by a process according to any of claims 1-10.
12. Uso del producto marino según la reivindicación 11 para la preparación de un producto alimentario y/o un suplemento alimentario.
12. Use of the marine product according to claim 11 for the preparation of a food product and / or a food supplement.
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| ESP201531543 | 2015-10-28 | ||
| ES201531543A ES2567955B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Procedure for obtaining a marine product based on amphipods |
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| US2957768A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1960-10-25 | Elizabeth L Goetz | Fish food for sea horses |
| WO2010117281A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | Fora-Tek As | Feed composition and method of feeding gammaridae |
| ES2389365A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Universidad De Sevilla | Method for preparing a lyophilized caprella crustaceans (caprella ssp) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2957768A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1960-10-25 | Elizabeth L Goetz | Fish food for sea horses |
| WO2010117281A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | Fora-Tek As | Feed composition and method of feeding gammaridae |
| ES2389365A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-25 | Universidad De Sevilla | Method for preparing a lyophilized caprella crustaceans (caprella ssp) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| BAEZA-ROJANO PAGEO, E.: "Fluctuaciones estacionales y ciclos de vida de los anfípodos [Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda] del Estrecho de Gibraltar.", APLICACIONES EN ACUICULTURA ., 2013, XP055380016 * |
| BAEZA-ROJANO, E. ET AL.: "A preliminary study of the Caprella scaura amphipod culture for potential use in aquaculture.", JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH, VOLUME 83 , MAIN RESULTS FROM THE XVII IBERIAN SYMPOSIUM OF MARINE BIOLOGY STUDIES., vol. 83, October 2013 (2013-10-01), pages 146 - 151, XP055380036, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110113000877> [retrieved on 20160418] * |
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| ES2567955B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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