WO2017064338A1

WO2017064338A1 - Versatile modular system for vertical and horizontal gardens

Info

Publication number: WO2017064338A1
Application number: PCT/ES2015/070748
Authority: WO
Inventors: Maximiliaan Francisco León VOLCKAERT
Original assignee: Volckaert Maximiliaan Francisco León
Priority date: 2015-10-14
Filing date: 2015-10-14
Publication date: 2017-04-20

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical inside or outside garden comprising ventilated and purifying plant panels for forming vertical structures of wall gardens or covered with natural substrates. Each modular element of plastic materials is formed by a three-dimensional structure (1) of rectangular, hollow cells (9) which are perforated vertically and horizontally and contain the earth or substrate (3) for cultivating plantations which are aesthetic or even biologically air-purifying (8). Together with the above, there is another similar structure (2) which is empty for air circulation, and comprises tubing (5) for irrigation (11), and the fixing and anchoring of the system. Between the two structures, there are hydrophilic materials for the distribution of the irrigation. This supply of liquids (11) comprises tubing (5) with a flow regulator. The outlet of the irrigation tubing is located in the component (6). Said structures (1) and (2) are provided with tongues (7) for removing the water and tongues (10) for assembly.

Description

VERSATILE MODULAR SYSTEM FOR VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL GARDENS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to city building systems of both exterior and interior gardens.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the invention is a simple configuration element for the location of a small number of plants that can be easily located and replaced in different types of gardens.

A second object of the invention consists in the development of a simple system based on the modular type that successfully solves the construction of gardens in both exterior and interior environments, and that is versatile and can be located according to various construction projects in different vertical configurations and horizontal.

A third object of the invention is an economical and easily implemented method based on elements such as cells, culture medium to deliver water and nutrients, separation membrane, everything that at a very low cost replaces, or allows to integrate, the hydroponic method used usually.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE The use of vertical and horizontal gardens, in urban centers including indoors, fulfills several very important functions. In many cities the air is polluted, this is also reflected in the air quality inside the buildings themselves. This is mainly due to the presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), caused by the use of certain plastics, paints and emissions from some of the office's own appliances. This even generates the appearance of certain diseases in users.

It has been pointed out by various specialists that most microorganisms associated with the area near the root system of plants are able to absorb substances present in the air, and within them those that are harmful to humans and transform them into others harmless or soluble, useful for the activity of other organisms that culminate the detoxification process. This has varied the previously existing concept that the decisive part was the aerial part of the plants. This has been derived from recent research, especially those carried out by NASA. Thus the gardens that are carried out outside but also inside the buildings are of special importance. Within this experience of interiors not only horizontal gardens have particular relevance, but also vertical gardens are developed.

Generally vertical gardens are made using a kind of conventional pots hanging on trellises or other structures and adopting the given configuration. Patent US8479444 of July 9, 2013 refers to some planters in which glasses are hung for use in interior or exterior decoration according to the projects. These configurations allow adopting simple but versatile forms aimed at decorating in a conventional way the most dissimilar environments.

A different document because it is designed for exteriors and horizontal layout is document US7596906 of October 6, 2009. In the structure of a garden placed on roofs forming a kind of carpet, desirably as a kind of tapestry placed on the roof of a building. The tapestry forms a kind of containers, desirably formed of tapestries or carpets, used for growing plants that are installed on the roofs. The trays can be previously planted and installed with the plants already growing. Alternatively, the trays can be installed in their place as components of the system on the roof, they are filled with the growth medium of the plants and after their installation the sowing is carried out.

A recent US patent, US8567122 of October 29, 2013 refers to a material breathable to the air and moisture to hang or place the garden in a versatile way in sites of different configurations, horizontal and vertical, which allows in a sustainable way the development of plants . The patent refers to a system that can represent water supply characteristics, growth medium that, due to its physical mechanical properties, possible materials to be used, water supply, etc., is relatively effective. The garden is built by small boxes containing plants from a material that breathes, is flexible, a geotextile obtained from recycled rubber, vinyl or plastic. It can be hung and supported without the need of any rigid internal structure. This makes it particularly useful for erecting vertical gardens. The geotextile material is porous to both air and water. So nutrients and air can easily pass to the roots and inhibit the growth of fungal species and the damage they would have caused to plants. However, there are significant deficiencies in the systems used to date, while the cost of water and nutrient supply, the difficulty of access to change the elements that make up the garden, among others, make its operation expensive and complicated. And maintenance.

The present invention resolves these defects of the systems used to date, especially the cost of the supply of water and nutrients, provides an ease of access for the change of the elements, a flexibility of choice in the number of plants per m ² , the variety of these that can be used, and, in general, avoids the significant cost of the maintenance and growth control systems of the plants used so far, all of which are satisfactorily resolved with the innovative solution proposed by the present application. presented. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

After the study of different configurations, an innovative solution based on the construction of a garden based on a sum of elements or modules that are in turn a simple combination of different components has been achieved. These components of the elements each of which fulfill a specific function and the result is highly flexible, depending on the specific site, for the construction of vertical, horizontal gardens and other provisions. These components of an element for construction of gardens are: - Unitary cells of different dimensions, for example:

to. 30mm wide cells. Rectangular glasses Useful glass dimension: 20 X 20 mm

b. 52 mm thick cells. Useful dimension of the vessel 55 X 55 mm - Unitary elements with front and rear structures. The elements can have several measures, since they are cut and molded according to the chosen place, giving the invention a great flexibility in the design. They are three-dimensional structures, rectangular, hollow, perforated vertically and horizontally, made of various thermoplastic polymers, with the following characteristics for example:

a) Double and 400 mm wide, 610 mm long and 30 mm high.

b) Double and 265 mm wide, 475 mm long and 52 mm high.

These elements can be sets consisting of up to 3 or 4 units. They can even be folded with torches by molding them in a curved shape. At the same time for large works can be grouped from four panels or more, and in this case its vertical elevation will be done with a crane. - Substrates. In general, almost all plant species use peat, coconut, organic and / or chemical fertilizers, and balanced nutrient blends. For urban gardens, mobs, specific natural substrates and organic fertilizers have a predominant use, always emphasizing the use of substrates of biological origin. Likewise, cultures without substrate can be carried out and sphagnum can be used, which would be a much more water-dependent system, so we could consider it hydroponic. As specific plant substrates for the desired crops, there may be mentioned for example: a. For orchids and all kinds of epiphytes, very porous substrates with a lot of drainage capacity are used, such as vegetable bark, coconut fiber and peat in addition to humus, guano or other organic or chemical fertilizers,

b. For plants such as hydrangeas, azaleas, etc. and trees with acidic pH are preferred substrates combined with chestnut soil or the like, in addition to the corresponding organic and / or chemical fertilizer.

- Hydrophilic fabric, and other permeable materials such as wicks, ropes capable of absorbing and distributing water by capillarity, to transmit moisture through the vegetated panels. Although even the hydrophilic blanket alone already guarantees sufficient waterproofing.

- Various irrigation systems such as exudant tube, microtubes, drippers with flow meters, and others known in the art, such as:

. For plants that need more flow and water retention, microtubes with drippers are used.

. Exudants will be used for other plants with less need for water.

But in general all will be used in the same system in the installation and taking care of its easy accessibility and efficiency as well as that it is largely hidden. There are also micropore droppers that can be used in both previous situations. It is an inventive achievement to have achieved a stable and sustainable irrigation system, without excesses of water and with a uniform distribution of the amount of water provided that allows an ecological and optimal stability for the development of microorganisms and therefore of plants. The Garden is configured from a modular system of ventilated vegetated panels with which vertical, horizontal structures and other arrangements are made as mural gardens and ecological roofs, using natural substrates. Thanks to their special disposition they function as authentic biofilters by allowing greater air contact with the rhizosphere of plants. The set achieves a decrease in the temperature of the buildings and noise damping, so it can also be considered as an effective thermal and acoustic insulator. Said unit elements of concrete measures are formed by at least two three-dimensional structures of rectangular, hollow cells, perforated vertically and horizontally, made of Polypropylene (PP), although they could be of other materials used in the art such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) ), in English High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), plastic resins, fiber cement and fiberglass. Individual elements can have several measures depending on the intended use. They are very versatile and adaptable materials, which makes them can be cut, folded with heat and coupled according to the chosen place, using loose pieces and small fragments of adjustment in corners and work terminations, giving the invention great flexibility in design.

One of the structures of said unit elements is filled with stabilized earth or a plant substrate that can be of an organic mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized earth and earthworm or guano humus, as well as inorganic chemical components of slow dissolution those that allow that the earth, in spite of being in vertical, does not fall the crop. This allows a more natural development of the plantation, said substrate being adapted specifically for the chosen plant. Depending on the selected species, more acidic or more alkaline soils can be used. As an stabilizer, an organic compound based on the endosperm of pure seeds applied to the soil is used and, when dried, adheres the mixture between the earthy particles giving it consistency and permeability. This keeps planting, wraps the soil and keeps it in place while plants germinate and grow. The other structure must remain empty to generate a hollow space for air circulation. Said air, when circulating through the inside and the front of the outside, favors the oxygenation of the rhizomes of the species planted both inside and outside. This configuration allows the development of the roots and a greater contact of the air with the rhizosphere of the plants, favoring the biofiltration of the air, constituting a passive system of its purification, oxygenation and decontamination of both indoor and outdoor environments, reducing the pollution, pollutants and absorbing C0 ₂ .

This property of the elements allows a wide exposure of the rhizosphere and the substrate to urban polluted air. In the rhizosphere inhabit different types of bacteria and microorganisms that extract from the air those substances that favor their development, incorporating them into their metabolism. The products excreted by these bacteria are directly absorbed by the plants, which in turn maintain the rhizosphere with an ideal degree of humidity and with products made by them necessary for the development of these microorganisms. In this symbiosis both organisms benefit. Some of these bacteria are capable of removing polluting products from the air such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The introduction of a specially selected substrate in the garden elements favors the presence of a high number of decontaminating microorganisms that develop perfectly by the degree of humidity and aeration provided by the system.

The anchoring system of the structures is studied individually at each site, depending on the height of the gardens and the external conditions, and can be done with any known fastening system such as: forged, iron mesh, guides, hangers, alcayatas, protected wood rails, etc. All types of support are valid and can be adapted to any space, corner, windows, doors and moldings.

The irrigation of the basic unit (each element) is incorporated into the rear structure and consists of several irrigation pipes placed between the panels, with flow regulator, which allows greater control over the amount of water applied, being able to adjust each season on demand The irrigation system, although practicable from the outside, is not visible as it only slightly wets the surface, since all irrigation circulates inside. The characteristic feature of irrigation developed by the present invention is the special arrangement of hydrophilic materials such as fabrics, cotton, string wicks, cellulose microfibers that cause a very slow wetting of the element, without visible dripping. The properties of a flexible and adaptable conglomerate of coconut fiber, peat and vermiculite pressed, which perform the function of hydrophilic blanket, favoring capillarity, have also been determined. With this peculiarity of the system the contribution of nutrients is drastically reduced; the plants have a somewhat slower development which avoids the need for maintenance (pruning) on the one hand and a much more balanced and resistant development of the plant is achieved.

The irrigation system is by pipes placed internally internal exudative drip. The irrigation systems used can be diverse (exudant tube, microtubes, drippers with flow meters, etc.). The water is not seen because it does not circulate outside, but through the hydrophilic blanket and / or drying ropes that facilitate at all times the capillarity throughout the cabin, which allows moisture to be transmitted throughout the space in a way Slow and continuous. Irrigation periods are recommended at small and continuous intervals. Its hydrophilic system produces a very slow flow of water and its contact with contaminated air to serve as a vehicle for polluting gases.

Another characteristic feature of the element of the present invention is that the water is always moving in favor of a gradient, that is, from the points of greatest to the lowest humidity, so there is no local accumulation of water in the substrate . This characteristic favors the equilibrium of the environmental humidity in the microspace, and a direct contact of the water with the contaminated air where the polluting substances can be absorbed and taken to those unexposed points of the rhizosphere Finally, each element receives a similar amount of water since the irrigation system is individual in each element. This characteristic is of the utmost importance because it avoids that in the event of a problem occurring in an element, it does not affect the rest of the installation.

Water consumption can vary between 2 and 8 liters / m ² per day. The system is so stable that it is capable of surviving faults in the water supply for several days. The excess water can be collected with drainage channels so that, by means of a tank and a pumping system, it can be reused again by returning it to the irrigation system. In this way the humus is reused and is used in its great majority. The drainage channels can be galvanized, plastic or by means of waterproofing made in an ecological way such as sap, latex or natural rubber. On the contrary, hydroponic systems need a constant flow of fertilized water so any problem in the supply or pumping can irreversibly damage the garden. In them, water cannot always be recirculated by varying nutrient concentrations.

The system belongs to the group of vertical non-hydroponic gardens, that is, with an organic substrate. The finishing of the gardens of this system is carried out mainly with the technique of "hanging lands" (as it has been said, being a mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized earth and earthworm or guano humus that causes the earth to despite being vertical, do not fall). This technique, through its own substrate stabilization system, allows the vertical placement of the land being subsequently colonized by the roots of the plants. The final appearance is similar to that offered by any horizontal garden. This allows the growth of new plants, or vertical development of existing ones.

The invention shown here represents an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for the purpose for which it is intended, since it has the following advantages over previous systems, reasons that together with its practical utility provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity requested:

These characteristics make the invention present the following advantages over previous systems:

- Mobile modular systems that fit as a puzzle and can be hung up and down at any time if you would like to carry out your transfer and new location.

- Less dependence on fertilizers: Obtaining and synthesizing chemical fertilizers is a process of high energy consumption. The system used barely uses them since it is based on a natural process in the substrate itself to obtain the necessary nutrients for the development of the plant. The different layers of substrate balanced with bacteria will favor that fertilizers are not needed afterwards or in any case once in a liquid form once in years. If you wanted to add fertilizer to the system it could always be done by means of dispensers in the general water intake. Thanks to this natural balance, the plant has a somewhat slower development, although much more stable. On the other hand, hydroponic systems cause large growths of plants, appearing due to the competition for light disorderly developments of stems. They also appear different groups of algae that, in addition to competing for nutrients, can suffocate the base of the stems of the upper plants.

- Less maintenance: The systems developed on natural substrates maintain a balance in nutrition and a balanced development of plants, with the competition for light and nutrients favoring controlled growth. Pruning is limited to once or twice a year. Thus maintenance costs are similar to those of any other garden. If adequate adaptability and irrigation work is carried out, the losses do not exceed 3% normally. There is no need to change substrates or land since the substrate and rhizomes are creating a sustainable ecosystem. On the contrary, plants developed on fertilized systems have such rapid growth that they must be constantly replaced for control.

- Less or no dependence on computerized systems and electronic controls: By not keeping track of fertilizers, pH, or salt concentrations, only irrigation automation is necessary.

- Another advantage of the wall gardens is the possibility of using pockets to initially grow larger plants, being compatible with other finishes, whether they are terraced lands, coconut fiber, mosses, etc. The use of pockets allows easy placement and removal of plants. Thus, vertical systems with seasonal or horticultural plants can be raised. In addition to using the pockets, the elements can be opened and cut inside or / and three or four elements can be used, using two or three for the soil or substrate and one for ventilation and support to the technical wall. The fastening would be done in the same way with more screws and washers and longer. This combination of three elements and up to a maximum of 4 makes it possible to plant even shrubs and small trees and plant small vertical forest stands. Albeolus-sized species can be planted, but generally they are planted with a size between 5-1 1 cm of pot up to larger ones of 20 cm or more in diameter of root ball. - These gardens are made with three-dimensional structures that prevent undesirable displacements of the substrate. The element is made with recycled or recyclable material. The guarantee of useful life of the elements is 25 years, but it will depend more on the plants having exhausted the growth medium, that is, that the roots and growth of the planted species have reached their natural maximum, that of the deterioration itself of the element.

- Being said plant substrate allows a more natural development of the plantation, being adapted specifically for the chosen plant. Depending on the selected species, even more acidic or more alkaline soils can be used. They also favor the microbial development of the soil.

- The design and planting of the projected gardens is done on a personalized project and study, with applications adaptable to form and measures according to each project and the possibility of creating gardens with seasonal plants, admitting any type of plant, even native. Elements have been developed with cultivated mosses, with more than 10 different moss species. Moss and other upholstery plants, such as parietaria or dichondra, improve decoration and appearance in a very short time.

- Very important is that the preparation work is carried out in a nursery and horizontally, so that in the vertical installation phase only the vegetated panels are placed and fitted in the guides that are fixed on the wall as pictures, although It is also possible to plant the plant in the location of the installation with identical rooting results.

- The invention allows its use in wall or vertical gardens and even on roofs, which is very favorable in the case of ceilings, since the three-dimensional structure of resistant cells allows its passable use, causing a decrease in weight and space on the roof .

- The assembly constitutes a passive integrated purification system (air purification panel), decontaminating spaces and environments: The air decontaminating effect is produced by directly exposing the substrate and the rhizosphere to contaminated air.

- The panels are practicable, that is, they can be removed without affecting the rest, which allows their replacement, and even their transfer at any time to another location or place. Being a modular system, the assemblies are favored and the possibility of changing the element independently, if necessary, without affecting the rest of the installation. However, the finishes have a very natural look that hides the modular nature. - Finally, a complementary effect is achieved in the decrease in building temperature and noise damping.

Very effective is the decoration by insertion of the elements within a structure of ventilated cement panels in which holes or openings have been made through which the vegetation appears. The features and advantages of the system are identical to those shown above.

In order to adequately illustrate the present invention and in order to help a better understanding of its fundamental characteristics, the following figures, as an integral part thereof, are attached to the following descriptive and non-limiting figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figures 1 A to 1 E represent, in plan and elevations, a unit element or module and the different parts that compose it. Figure 2 shows a detailed diagram, with a top view, of the individual cells that make up each structure, showing the assembly tabs between elements.

Figure 3 shows a photograph, with a top view, of the individual cells that make up each structure, showing the assembly tabs between elements.

Figure 4 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element and its different elements, showing the general external appearance of the same before planting.

Figure 5 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element, in this case with plants already placed, showing the general external appearance of it.

Figure 6 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element in this case with pockets for the placement of larger plants, showing the general external appearance thereof without the plants not yet placed.

Figure 7 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element in this case with pockets for the placement of larger plants, with these already placed, showing the general external appearance of the same. Figure 8 shows a photograph of an embodiment on the facade of the vertical garden object of the invention, showing the general external appearance thereof once the planting is finished. Figure 9 shows a photograph of the same embodiment of Figure 8 once the plants have reached an optimum degree of growth.

Figure 10 shows another photograph of the same previous embodiment (Figures 8 and 9) once the plants have reached an optimum degree of growth.

Figure 1 1 shows a photograph of a garden taken indoors, on vertical support.

Figure 12 shows a photograph of an embodiment in which a vertical element has been covered, in this case a chimney, and also the horizontal cover with grass planted on elements.

Figure 13 shows a photograph of another embodiment. It is about the possibility of making decorative figures, in this case letters, by choosing the appropriate cells on the element.

Figure 14 shows a photograph of the use of the elements inserted within a structure of ventilated cement panels in which holes or openings have been made through which vegetation appears.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the construction of a garden is based on a sum of elements that in turn are a simple combination of different components. These components of the elements each of which fulfills a specific function. Different examples of the object of the invention are shown below, firstly of the elements and then of the gardens that constitute the sum of said elements.

Embodiment 1:

Figures 1 A to 1 E show, in plan and elevations, a said element and its different constituent parts: - Component n ^s 1: Three-dimensional structure 1 of cells 9 of polypropylene (PP), rectangular, hollow, perforated vertically and horizontally intended to contain the soil or substrate 3 for cultivation. - Component n ^s 2: Three-dimensional structure 2 of cells 9 also constructed of polypropylene (PP), which remains empty generating a hollow space for air circulation. This, when circulating on the inside and the front of the outside favors the oxygenation of the rhizomes of the species planted both inside and outside. This structure functions as an element for fixing and anchoring the element, in addition to containing inside the pipes 5 of the irrigation and liquid supply system 1 1.

- Component n ^s 3: Stabilized land 3 (by the hanging earth system) or substrate for cultivation, which could be composed of a mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized soil and earthworm or guano humus, which allows root development from the outside, favoring the biofiltration of the air, said substrate being selected specifically for the planned plant. Depending on the selected species, more acidic or more alkaline soils can be used. An organic compound based on high-quality natural vegetable hydrocolloids that act as a natural glue is used as a stabilizer while stabilizing the surface layer of the soil, forming a protective blanket that allows rain to pass, while erosion is delayed and losses are reduced, offering a perfect microclimate for seed germination. - Component n ^s 4: Permeable hydrophilic material 4 composed of fabrics or other hydrophilic materials such as cotton, rope wicks, cellulose microfibers with significant capacities of water absorption and distribution by capillarity to the entire substrate for rear distribution of irrigation . - Component n ^s 5: Irrigation pipes 5 with flow regulator that make up the irrigation system and liquid supply 1 1 incorporated into the structure. The irrigation systems used can be diverse as an exudant tube, microtubes, drippers with flow meters, and others used in the art. - Component n ^s 6: Exit 6 of said irrigation pipes 5 for connection with the external supply system 1 1 and liquid evacuation.

- Component n ^s 7: Tabs 7 for the evacuation of water to said external supply system 1 1 and evacuation of liquids.

- Component n ^s 8: Correspond to plants 8 biodepuradoras of the air. Figure 2 shows a schematic in detail; with a top view, of the individual cells 9 that make up said structure. These cells serve in the structure 1 as a support for the substrate 3 and the roots of the plants 8, while in the structure 2 they remain empty serving as support for the irrigation pipes 5 and allowing air circulation. This figure also shows the assembly tabs 10 between elements.

Figure 3 shows a photograph of the scheme of Figure 2, with a top view, of the individual cells 9 that make up each structure. Correspondingly, these cells also serve in structure 1 as a support for the substrate 3 and the roots of the plants 8, while in structure 2 they remain empty serving as a support for the irrigation pipes 5 and allowing air circulation. This figure 3 also shows the assembly tabs 10 between elements. Figure 4 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element and its different elements, anterior structure 1, posterior structure 2 and hydrophilic fabric 4, showing the general external appearance thereof before planting. It can be seen that these are two coupled structures 1 and 2, assembled together with fasteners and clamping washers, the hydrophilic fabric 4 being placed between them. It is observed that the fabric 4 covers the sides of the structure 1 being applied as an envelope so that an ecosystem is created and the earth is held inside. The hydrophilic fabric composed of vegetable fibers, such as cotton, or others, adapts to the elements, is cut with a cutter and stapled with a compressed air stapler to the element. Leftover outer eyelashes are cut to facilitate the fitting of elements and subsequent irrigation. The cutting of the panels and holes of the cells is done with radial disc machinery, special scissors or pliers.

Embodiment 2:

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show different ways of placing the plants on a complete element.

Figure 5 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element with plants 8 already in place, showing the general external appearance thereof. Here on the structures 1 and 2 the earth or substrate 3 and the hydrophilic fabric 4 are already placed. A mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized earth and earthworm or guano humus, a hydrophilic material 4, has been used as substrate 3 composed of fabrics and cotton (or alternatively rope wicks, cellulose microfibers, etc.), and as stabilizer an organic compound based on vegetable hydrocolloids. Figure 6 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element with pockets for the placement of larger plants, showing the general external appearance of the same. A mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized earth and earthworm or guano humus, hydrophilic fabric 4 composed of fabrics and cotton (or alternatively other hydrophilic materials such as rope wicks, cellulose microfibers), and as stabilizer an organic compound based on vegetable hydrocolloids.

Figure 7 shows a photograph, in perspective, of a complete element with pockets for the placement of larger plants, with these already in place, showing the general external appearance of the same. A mixture of coconut fiber, peat, fertilized earth and earthworm or guano humus, hydrophilic fabric 4 composed of fabrics and cotton (or alternatively other hydrophilic materials such as rope wicks, cellulose microfibers), and as stabilizer an organic compound based on vegetable hydrocolloids.

Embodiment 3: Procedure of making a vertical garden. Thus, the construction of a garden is based on a sum of elements that in turn are a simple combination of different components. Different examples of the object of the invention in the form of different gardens are shown below. The procedure for this embodiment begins with the previous measurement of the surface to be covered, followed by checking the existence of water outlets and electric current, as well as cuts, corners, windows and other adjustments that will involve the adjustment and readjustment of the elements . The study of the water flow pressure throughout the system is very important for its optimal operation. Depending on the pressure, it is decided whether it can be connected to the general outlet, if a pump will be needed due to the height or if pressure regulators will be placed; in the same way if the irrigation will be done by closed or open circuit. Subsequently, a 3D design is made in which the necessary elements, m ² to cover, obstacles and terminations are foreseen, establishing the different species to be planted and combining according to location, luminosity and other external factors that exist. In the work the installation of the chosen support mechanism is being carried out, which as already indicated can be done with any known fastening system such as: forged, iron mesh, guides, hangers, alcayatas, protected wooden rails, etc. From then on, the elements, which are already planted and prepared from the nursery, are coupled, as well as numbered according to the 3D design made in advance with the planned decoration. The dispensers and the chosen irrigation system (microtubes of drippers or exudants) are placed in each element so that the water does not drip on the outside but only by the hydrophilic fabric and / or drying ropes. For the drainage and exit of the surplus water, collection gutters are used, concealed in the lower part of the structures, making it possible to reuse or discharge them to the general drain. The divisions between the different elements are covered with the binder to ensure their best vision, perspective and uniformity. Various aromatic plants such as lavender, rosemary, thyme, etc. have been used in the image of the work.

Embodiment 4. Different types of gardens made by the system of the present invention.

In the gardens shown in the figures from 8 to 14, the method and components described above according to the invention have been used. That is, the study, design and location process was carried out, as well as the selection of plants. Peat, coconut and humus were used as substrate, hydrophilic blanket and binder were used. The planting of sedums and aromatic plants were carried out.

Figure 1 1, unlike the others, is a garden with a tank and pump, arranged in a closed circuit. Figures 8 to 14 show various configurations of vertical and roof gardens, offering the different possible alternatives. The flexibility of the use of the elements of the invention in obtaining gardens of different configuration becomes evident: Figure 8 shows a photograph of an embodiment on the facade of the vertical garden object of the invention, showing the general external appearance thereof once Plantation finished. Figure 9 shows a photograph of the previous embodiment of Figure 8 once the plants have reached an optimum degree of growth. Figure 10 shows another photograph of the same previous embodiment (Figures 8 and 9) once the plants have reached an optimum degree of growth. Figure 1 1 shows a photograph of an embodiment in interior, on vertical support. This embodiment has been developed according to the procedure used in Figures 8-10, except in the choice of the chosen plants, in this case floral species. Figure 12 shows a photograph of an embodiment in which a vertical element, a chimney, and also the horizontal cover with grass planted on elements has been covered. For the lawn, irrigation by microtubes and exudants was chosen, although it could also be done with diffusers. A passable landscaped roof is achieved and well drained from the bottom, facilitating the exit of water at any time. This embodiment has been developed according to the procedure used in Figures 8-10, Figure 13 shows a photograph of another embodiment. It is about the possibility of making decorative figures, by choosing the appropriate cells on the element. Given the versatility of these and the possibility of being cut and molded, it is possible to make a custom design in terms of shapes, colors, and even odors, tailored to each client. This embodiment has been developed following a process of cutting and molding the panels to make logos and planted in nursery to design the desired logos. The buxus and some aromatic ones were planted with the panel. Figure 14 shows a photograph of yet another variant. The elements are inserted into a structure of ventilated cement panels in which holes or openings have been made through which vegetation appears. The placement of the irrigation system, land, stabilizers, etc., does not vary with respect to the preceding embodiments. In addition to the use of the elements, the termination is different because perforated cement panels are used, where the system of the invention adapts to it by sprouting plants through them.

Claims

one . - System for construction of vertical, horizontal gardens and other configurations as it comprises the sum of different equal unit elements, which include:

- at least one front three-dimensional structure (1) of rectangular, hollow, vertically and horizontally perforated cells (9) that are filled;

- a rear three-dimensional structure (2) of said rectangular, hollow, vertically and horizontally perforated cells (9) that remain empty, thus generating a hollow interior space in said three-dimensional structure (2);

- a filler (3) consisting of stabilized soil or artificial substrate for cultivation;

- a hydrophilic material (4) for the rear distribution of liquids;

- a supply of liquids (1 1) to said filling (3);

- plants (8) air biodepuradoras.

2. - System for the construction as gardens ^and N according to claim 1 wherein:

- said at least one three-dimensional structure (1) and said three-dimensional structure (2), which contain said cells (9), are made of lightweight, resistant materials that allow operations such as cuts, perforations, such as polymers, resins, fiberglass , fiber cement and other materials known in the art;

- said individual cells (9) and which comprise said structures (1) and (2) are provided with assembly tabs (10) between said structures (1) and (2);

- said cells (9) of at least one said three-dimensional structure (1) are filled with the substrate (3) for cultivation;

- said cells (9) of said three-dimensional structure (2) remain empty and generate a hollow space for air circulation, and serve as support for the pipes (5) of irrigation and liquid supply (1 1), and why said Three-dimensional structure (2) allows the fixing and anchoring of the elements to the supports of walls and roofs.

3. - System for the construction as gardens ^and N according to claim 1 wherein

- said filler (3) consists of stabilized earth or artificial substrate composed of a mixture of coconut and / or jute fibers, peat, soil fertilized with earthworm or guano humus, sphagnum; said fillers that favor the development of the roots by the outside and the biofiltration of the environment; and because they comprise binders for the firm fixation of said fillers (3): - said hydrophilic material (4) is selected from materials that have significant absorption capacities, very slow wetting without visible drips and very slow flow of water, such as fabrics, cotton, string wicks, cellulose microfibers capable of maintaining a rear supply of liquids.

4. - System for the construction of gardens as claimed in claim 1 N ^and said liquid supply system (1 1) is incorporated into the structures (1) and (2) via pipes (5) supply provided of flow regulators and located inside said three-dimensional structure (2);

- wherein the outlets (6) of said liquid supply pipes (5) are connected to the external liquid supply and evacuation system through tabs (7): and

- where the irrigation systems used can be various of the exudant tube type, microtubes, drippers with flow meters, and others known in the art .;

5. - Procedure for the construction of vertical, horizontal gardens and other configurations as it comprises the sum of different equal unit elements characterized by using:

- a hydrophilic material (4) for the rear distribution of liquids;

- a supply of liquids (1 1) to said filling (3);

- plants (8) air biodepuradoras; and for understanding the following stages:

- previous measurement of the surface to be covered;

- characterization of the type of water connections and electric current;

- selection, depending on the existing water pressure, the mode of water supply, connection to the general intake, use of a pump due to the height, placement of pressure regulators;

- choice of type of closed or open circuit irrigation;

- realization of the 3D design, decision of the necessary elements, of the surface in square meters to cover, obstacles and terminations;

- selection of the different species to be planted and combined;

- installation of the support mechanism chosen from forged, iron mesh, guides, hangers, alcayatas, protected wood rails, and others: - coupling of the elements, already planted and prepared in the nursery, and numbered according to the 3D design with the planned decoration.

- placing the dispensers and the irrigation system chosen in each element so that the water does not drip from the outside but only from the hydrophilic material.

- the gutters are placed for the drainage and exit of the surplus water, concealed in the lower part of the structures, whether for reuse or discharge to the general drain.

- covering the divisions between the elements with the binder to ensure their best vision, perspective and uniformity.