WO2016199507A1 - 鍵交換方法、鍵交換システム、鍵配送装置、通信装置、およびプログラム - Google Patents
鍵交換方法、鍵交換システム、鍵配送装置、通信装置、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
- H04L9/083—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP]
- H04L9/0833—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP] involving conference or group key
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0869—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving random numbers or seeds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/30—Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
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- the present invention relates to application of information security technology, and more particularly to key exchange technology in which a plurality of users forming a group share a common key.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes an architecture of an information system that realizes such a key exchange technique.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes an algorithm of such a key exchange technique.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 since it is necessary to register users who share a common key in advance, a plurality of users cannot share a common key while allowing dynamic member changes. .
- the calculation amount necessary for key exchange as a whole is O (log n), so that there is a problem that the calculation amount of key exchange increases as the number of users increases.
- an object of the present invention is to enable key exchange in which a plurality of users can share a common key while allowing dynamic member change, and the amount of calculation required for key exchange can be reduced. Is to provide technology.
- the key exchange method of the present invention is such that n is an integer of 2 or more, i is an integer from 1 to n, j is an integer from 2 to n, and S is a key.
- a delivery device, U i is n communication devices, U 1 is one representative communication device selected from n communication devices U i , and U j is a representative communication device from n communication devices U i N-1 general communication devices excluding U 1 ,
- the storage unit of the key distribution device S, the secret key sk of the public key encryption key distribution device S S and secret string st S, st 'S are stored in the storage unit of the communication device U i, the communication device U i
- a session ID generation step in which S generates a sid using c 1 ,..., C n by a target collision difficult hash function and transmits (sid, R ⁇
- a plurality of users can share a common key while allowing dynamic member change.
- the amount of calculation required for key exchange is a constant number of users, that is, O (1), which is reduced compared to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a key exchange system.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the key distribution device.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the communication device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the key exchange method.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the key exchange method.
- Random selection of element m from Set for a set Set is denoted as m ⁇ R Set.
- ALG For an algorithm ALG, the fact that ALG outputs y for input x and random number r is expressed as y ⁇ ALG (x; r). Note that if the ALG is a deterministic algorithm, the random number r is empty.
- ⁇ is a security parameter
- H ⁇ H Gri ⁇ ISA a target collision- resistant hash function family.
- Reference Document 2 A specific example of the target collision difficult hash function is described in Reference Document 2 below, for example. [Reference 2] JA Buchman, "Introduction to Cryptographic Theory, 3rd Edition", Maruzen Publishing, 2007
- the public key encryption algorithm is (Gen, Enc, Dec).
- the key generation algorithm Gen receives the security parameter alliance and outputs a public key pk and a secret key sk.
- the encryption algorithm Enc takes the public key pk and plaintext m as inputs and outputs a ciphertext CT.
- the decryption algorithm Dec receives the secret key sk and ciphertext CT and outputs plaintext m.
- Reference Document 2 A specific example of the public key encryption algorithm is described in Reference Document 2, for example.
- the message authentication code algorithm is (MGen, Tag, Ver).
- the MAC key generation algorithm MGen receives the security parameter excellent and outputs the MAC key mk.
- the tag generation algorithm Tag receives the MAC key mk and plaintext m, and outputs an authentication tag ⁇ .
- the verification algorithm Ver receives the MAC key mk, the plaintext m, and the authentication tag ⁇ , and outputs 1 if the authentication tag ⁇ is correct and 0 if it is not correct.
- a specific example of the message authentication code algorithm is described in Reference Document 2 above, for example.
- the function encryption algorithm is (Setup, Der, FEnc, FDec).
- the setup algorithm Setup receives the security parameter excellent and outputs the master secret key msk and the public parameter Params.
- the key derivation algorithm Der receives the public parameter Params, the master secret key msk, and the attribute A, and outputs the user secret key usk.
- the encryption algorithm FEnc receives the public parameters Params, the access structure P, and plaintext m, and outputs a ciphertext CT.
- the decryption algorithm FDec receives the user secret key usk and the ciphertext CT, and outputs the plaintext m if the attribute A satisfies the access structure P.
- the key exchange system of the embodiment includes a key distribution device 1 and N ( ⁇ 2) communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N as illustrated in FIG.
- the key distribution device 1 and the communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N are each connected to the communication network 3.
- Communication network 3 the key delivery device 1 is a communication device 2 1, ..., a 2 N communication network configured circuit switching system or a packet-switched network so as to communicate with each.
- the communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N may not be able to communicate with each other.
- the communication network 3 does not have to be a communication path that ensures safety, and for example, the Internet can be used.
- the key distribution device 1 includes a storage unit 100, a setup unit 101, a public key generation unit 102, a secret string generation unit 103, a user key transmission unit 111, a session ID generation unit 113, an authentication.
- a tag verification unit 114, a third key generation unit 115, and an authentication tag generation unit 116 are included.
- the communication device 2 includes a storage unit 200, a public key generation unit 202, a secret string generation unit 203, a user key reception unit 211, a first key generation unit 212, and a second key generation unit. 214, an authentication tag generation unit 215, an authentication tag verification unit 216, and a session key generation unit 217.
- the key distribution method according to the embodiment is realized by the key distribution device 1 and the communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N performing the processing of each step illustrated in FIGS.
- the key distribution device 1 and the communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N are specially used for known or dedicated computers having, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a main storage (RAM), and the like. It is a special device that is configured by reading a simple program. Each device executes each process under the control of the central processing unit, for example. The data input to each device and the data obtained in each process are stored in, for example, the main storage device, and the data stored in the main storage device is read out to the central processing unit as needed and other data is stored. Used for processing. Each processing unit included in each device may be at least partially configured by hardware such as an integrated circuit.
- the storage unit 100 included in the key distribution device 1 and the storage unit 200 included in the communication devices 2 1 ,..., 2 N are, for example, a main storage device such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a hard disk, an optical disk, or a flash memory. It can be constituted by an auxiliary storage device constituted by such a semiconductor memory element, or by middleware such as a relational database or a key value store. Since each storage unit stores secret information, it is desirable that the storage unit be a tamper-resistant storage device (for example, a SIM card).
- S represents a key distribution device 1
- U i i ⁇ ⁇ 1 , ..., N ⁇
- U i i ⁇ ⁇ 1 , ..., N ⁇
- G a multiplicative cyclic group of prime order p of Grid bits.
- g and h be generators of group G, respectively.
- step S101 the setup unit 101 of the key distribution device S generates a public parameter Params and a master secret key msk by using a function encryption setup algorithm Setup.
- the setup unit 101 transmits the public parameter Params to each of the communication devices U 1 ,..., U N.
- the master secret key msk is stored in the storage unit 100.
- step S102 the public key generation unit 102 of the key distribution device S generates a pair of the public key pk S and the secret key sk S of the key distribution device S using a key generation algorithm Gen of public key cryptography.
- the public key pk S of the key distribution device S is disclosed using, for example, a public key infrastructure.
- the secret key sk S of the key distribution device S is stored in the storage unit 100.
- the public key generation unit 202 of the communication device U i is the key generation algorithm Gen of public-key cryptography, to generate a pair of public key pk i and secret key sk i of the communication device U i.
- the public key pk i of the communication device U i is disclosed using, for example, a public key infrastructure.
- the secret key sk i of the communication device U i is stored in the storage unit 200.
- step S103 the secret string generation unit 103 of the key distribution device S uses the secret string (st S , st ′ S ) used in the twisted pseudorandom function as st S ⁇ R FS excellent and st ′ S ⁇ ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ alliance Generate as The secret string (st S , st ′ S ) is stored in the storage unit 100.
- step S203 the secret string generation unit 203 of the communication apparatus U i uses the secret string (st i , st ′ i ) used in the twisted pseudorandom function as st i ⁇ R FS excellent and st ′ i ⁇ ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ excellent. Generate as The secret string (st i , st ′ i ) is stored in the storage unit 200.
- step S104 the key distribution device S acquires the public keys pk 1 ,..., Pk N of the communication devices U 1 ,..., U N from , for example, the public key infrastructure and stores them in the storage unit 100.
- step S ⁇ b> 204 the communication device U i acquires the public key pk S of the key distribution device S from, for example, a public key infrastructure and stores it in the storage unit 200. Further, the public parameter Params received from the key distribution device S is stored in the storage unit 200.
- any n ( ⁇ N) communication devices U i (i ⁇ ⁇ 1,..., N ⁇ ) share the session key SK.
- S and U i are input to each algorithm, it represents an identifier that uniquely identifies each device.
- step S111 when the communication device U i starts a session, the user key transmission unit 111 of the key distribution device S sets the current time if the session is the first session in the time frame TF of the communication device U i.
- the MAC key mk i ⁇ -MGen of the communication device U i is generated by the message authentication code key generation algorithm MGen.
- the encryption algorithm Enc public key cryptography to encrypt the user's private key usk i and MAC key mk i using the public key pk i of the communication device U i, the ciphertext CT i ⁇ Enc pki (usk i , mk i ).
- the user key transmitting unit 111 transmits the ciphertext CT i to the communication device U i .
- step S211 the user key reception unit 211 of the communication device U i is the decryption algorithm Dec of the public key cryptography, decrypt the ciphertext CT i was using the private key sk i of the communication device U i received from the key distribution device S Then, the user secret key and the MAC key (usk i , mk i ) ⁇ Dec ski (CT i ) are obtained.
- the user key receiving unit 211 stores the user secret key usk i and the MAC key mk i in the storage unit 200.
- step S112 the key distribution device S receives (R i , c i ) from the communication device U i .
- the key distribution device S receives (R i , c i ) from the communication device U i .
- one communication device is selected as a representative from the n communication devices U 1 ,..., U n .
- the method of selecting the representative is arbitrary. For example, a communication device having a highest priority set in advance may be selected, or a communication device that has recently started a session may be selected.
- the communication device U 1 is selected, and U 1 is referred to as a representative communication device.
- n ⁇ 1 communication devices U j (j ⁇ ⁇ 2,..., N ⁇ ) other than the representative communication device U 1 are referred to as general communication devices.
- the session ID generation unit 113 calculates ⁇ and ⁇ as in the following equations, and transmits (sid, R ⁇ , R ⁇ ) to the communication device U i , respectively.
- step S214 j the second key generation unit 214 of the general communication device U j generates K j l using (sid, R ⁇ rj ) by the pseudo random function F as shown in the following equation, and the pseudo random function K j r is generated by using (sid, R ⁇ rj ) by F, and T j is calculated by exclusive OR of K j l and K j r .
- the authentication tag generation unit 215 transmits (k j , s j , T j , ⁇ j ) to the key distribution device S.
- step S214 representative second key generation unit 214 of the communication device U 1, as follows, by the pseudo random function F (sid, R n r1) was used to generate K 1 l, K 1 l T 1 is calculated by exclusive OR of and k 1
- is a concatenation operator.
- the authentication tag generation unit 215 transmits (T 1 , ⁇ 1 ) to the key distribution device S.
- step S114 1 the authentication tag verification unit 114 of the key distribution device S receives (T 1 , ⁇ 1 ) from the representative communication device U 1 and uses the verification algorithm Ver of the message authentication code to check the MAC of the representative communication device U 1 .
- Ver mk1 (R 1 , c 1 , R n , R 2 , T 1 , U 1 , sid, ⁇ 1 ) is verified using the key mk 1 . If the authentication tag ⁇ 1 is not valid, the session of the representative communication device U 1 is terminated.
- ID is a predicate variable representing a communication device
- TF is a predicate variable representing a time frame of the communication device.
- Tag ⁇ ' j Tag mkj (R j , c j , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , k j , s j , T j , U j , sid, c 1 , k', T ' j , T 1 , CT' j ) Is generated.
- the authentication tag generation unit 116 transmits (c 1 , k ′, T ′ j , T 1 , CT ′ j , ⁇ ′ j ) to the general communication device U j .
- the authentication tag generation unit 116 transmits (k ′, CT ′ 1 , ⁇ ′ 1 ) to the representative communication device U 1 .
- step S216 j the authentication tag verification unit 216 of the general communication device U j receives (c 1 , k ′, T ′ j , T 1 , CT ′ j , ⁇ ′ j ) from the key distribution device S, and sends a message
- the MAC key mk j of the general communication device U j is used to verify Ver mkj (R j , c j , R ⁇ , R ⁇ , k j , s j , T j , U j , sid , c 1 , k ′, T ′ j , T 1 , CT ′ j , ⁇ ′ j ).
- step S216 1 the authentication tag verification unit 216 of the representative communication device U 1 from the key delivery device S (k ', CT' 1 , ⁇ '1) receives, by verification algorithm Ver message authentication code, the representative communication using the MAC key mk 1 device U 1, Ver mk1 (R 1 , c 1, R n, R 2, T 1, U 1, sid, k ', CT' 1, ⁇ '1) to verify. If the authentication tag ⁇ ′ 1 is not valid, the session of the representative communication device U 1 is terminated.
- step S217 the session key generation unit 217 of the communication device U i is the decryption algorithm FDEC function cipher, using the user's private key usk i communication device U i, the common key K 1 ⁇ FDec uski (CT ' i, Decode P i ). Further, as shown in the following equation, the common key K 2 is calculated by the pseudo random function F ′.
- the session key SK is calculated by the pseudo random function F ′′ as in the following equation.
- the key exchange technique of the present invention there is no need to register user information for key exchange in advance as in the prior art, and a plurality of members are allowed while dynamically changing members. Users can share a common key.
- the total amount of calculation required for key exchange is O (log n) where n is the number of users, but according to the present invention, the number of users is a constant number of times, that is, O (1).
- the program describing the processing contents can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- a computer-readable recording medium for example, any recording medium such as a magnetic recording device, an optical disk, a magneto-optical recording medium, and a semiconductor memory may be used.
- this program is distributed, for example, by selling, transferring, or lending a portable recording medium such as a DVD or CD-ROM in which the program is recorded. Furthermore, the program may be distributed by storing the program in a storage device of the server computer and transferring the program from the server computer to another computer via a network.
- a computer that executes such a program first stores a program recorded on a portable recording medium or a program transferred from a server computer in its own storage device.
- the computer reads a program stored in its own recording medium and executes a process according to the read program.
- the computer may directly read the program from a portable recording medium and execute processing according to the program, and the program is transferred from the server computer to the computer.
- the processing according to the received program may be executed sequentially.
- the program is not transferred from the server computer to the computer, and the above processing is executed by a so-called ASP (Application Service Provider) type service that realizes the processing function only by the execution instruction and result acquisition. It is good.
- ASP Application Service Provider
- the program in this embodiment includes information that is used for processing by an electronic computer and that conforms to the program (data that is not a direct command to the computer but has a property that defines the processing of the computer).
- the present apparatus is configured by executing a predetermined program on a computer.
- a predetermined program on a computer.
- at least a part of these processing contents may be realized by hardware.
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Abstract
Description
〔参考文献1〕O.ゴールドライヒ著、「現代暗号・確率的証明・擬似乱数」、シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京、2001年
〔参考文献2〕J.A.ブーフマン著、「暗号理論入門 原書第3版」、丸善出版、2007年
〔参考文献3〕D. Boneh, A. Sahai, and B. Waters, “Functional encryption: definitions and challenges”, TCC, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6597, pp. 253-273, 2011.
〔参考文献4〕Kazuki Yoneyama, “One-Round Authenticated Key Exchange with Strong Forward Secrecy in the Standard Model against Constrained Adversary”, IEICE Transactions, vol. E96-A, no. 6, pp. 1124-1138, 2013.
上記実施形態で説明した各装置における各種の処理機能をコンピュータによって実現する場合、各装置が有すべき機能の処理内容はプログラムによって記述される。そして、このプログラムをコンピュータで実行することにより、上記各装置における各種の処理機能がコンピュータ上で実現される。
Claims (8)
- nを2以上の整数とし、iを1からnまでの各整数とし、jを2からnまでの各整数とし、Sを鍵配送装置とし、Uiをn台の通信装置とし、U1を上記通信装置Uiから選択された1台の代表通信装置とし、Ujを上記通信装置Uiから上記代表通信装置U1を除いたn-1台の一般通信装置とし、||を連結演算子とし、α, βを次式で定義される整数とし、
上記通信装置Uiの記憶部に、上記通信装置Uiの公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵skiおよび秘密ストリングsti, st'iが記憶されており、
上記通信装置Uiが、ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングsti, st'iを用いてri, ki, siを生成し、Ri=griおよびci=gkihsiを計算し、(Ri, ci)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第一鍵生成ステップと、
上記鍵配送装置Sが、ターゲット衝突困難ハッシュ関数によりc1, …, cnを用いてsidを生成し、各iについて(sid, Rα, Rβ)を上記通信装置Uiへ送信するセッションID生成ステップと、
上記代表通信装置U1が、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rn r1)を用いてK1 lを生成し、K1 lとk1||s1との排他的論理和によりT1を計算し、T1を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する代表第二鍵生成ステップと、
上記一般通信装置Ujが、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rα rj)を用いてKj lを生成し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rβ rj)を用いてKj rを生成し、Kj lとKj rとの排他的論理和によりTjを計算し、(kj, sj, Tj)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する一般第二鍵生成ステップと、
上記鍵配送装置Sが、ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstS, st'Sを用いてksを生成し、k2, …, kn, ksの排他的論理和によりk'を計算し、各jについてT1, …, Tj-1の排他的論理和によりT'jを計算し、k'を上記代表通信装置U1へ送信し、(k', T'j, T1)を上記一般通信装置Ujへ送信する第三鍵生成ステップと、
上記一般通信装置Ujが、T'jとKj rとの排他的論理和によりKj lを計算し、T1とKj lとの排他的論理和によりk1||s1を計算する第一セッション鍵生成ステップと、
上記通信装置Uiが、疑似ランダム関数によりsidおよびk'とk1との排他的論理和を用いて共通鍵K2を生成する第二セッション鍵生成ステップと、
を含む鍵交換方法。 - 請求項1に記載の鍵交換方法であって、
timeを現在時刻とし、IDを上記通信装置を表す述語変数とし、TFを上記通信装置のタイムフレームを表す述語変数とし、
上記鍵配送装置Sの記憶部に、関数暗号のマスタ秘密鍵mskがさらに記憶されており、
上記鍵配送装置Sが、各iについて属性をAi=(Ui, time)として関数暗号の鍵導出アルゴリズムにより上記マスタ秘密鍵mskを用いてユーザ秘密鍵uskiを生成し、公開鍵暗号の暗号化アルゴリズムにより上記通信装置Uiの公開鍵pkiを用いて上記ユーザ秘密鍵uskiを暗号化して暗号文CTiを生成するユーザ鍵送信ステップと、
上記通信装置Uiが、公開鍵暗号の復号アルゴリズムにより上記秘密鍵skiを用いて上記暗号文CTiを復号して上記ユーザ秘密鍵uskiを得るユーザ鍵受信ステップと、
をさらに含み、
上記第三鍵生成ステップは、ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstS, st'Sを用いて共通鍵K1を生成し、各iについてアクセス構造をPi=(ID=Ui)∧(time∈TF)として関数暗号の暗号化アルゴリズムにより上記共通鍵K1を暗号化して暗号文CT'iを生成するものであり、
上記第二セッション鍵生成ステップは、関数暗号の復号アルゴリズムにより上記ユーザ秘密鍵uskiを用いて上記暗号文CT'iを復号して上記共通鍵K1を得、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, K1)を用いて生成した値と疑似ランダム関数により(sid, K2)を用いて生成した値との排他的論理和によりセッション鍵SKを計算するものである、
鍵交換方法。 - 請求項2に記載の鍵交換方法であって、
上記ユーザ鍵送信ステップは、メッセージ認証コードの鍵生成アルゴリズムによりMAC鍵mkiを生成し、公開鍵暗号の暗号化アルゴリズムにより上記通信装置Uiの公開鍵pkiを用いて上記ユーザ秘密鍵uskiおよび上記MAC鍵mkiを暗号化して上記暗号文CTiを生成するものであり、
上記ユーザ鍵受信ステップは、公開鍵暗号の復号アルゴリズムにより上記秘密鍵skiを用いて上記暗号文CTiを復号して上記ユーザ秘密鍵uskiおよび上記MAC鍵mkiを得るものであり、
上記代表通信装置U1が、メッセージ認証コードのタグ生成アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mk1およびR1, c1, Rn, R2, T1, U1, sidを用いて認証タグσ1を生成する代表第一認証タグ生成ステップと、
上記一般通信装置Ujが、メッセージ認証コードのタグ生成アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mkjおよびRj, cj, Rα, Rβ, kj, sj, Tj, Uj ,sidを用いて認証タグσjを生成する一般第一認証タグ生成ステップと、
上記鍵配送装置Sが、メッセージ認証コードの検証アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mk1およびR1, c1, Rn, R2, T1, U1, sidを用いて上記認証タグσ1を検証し、各jについてメッセージ認証コードの検証アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mkjおよびRj, cj, Rα, Rβ, kj, sj, Tj, Uj ,sidを用いて上記認証タグσjを検証し、cj=gkjhsjが成り立つか否かを検証する第一認証タグ検証ステップと、
上記鍵配送装置Sが、メッセージ認証コードのタグ生成アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mk1およびR1, c1, Rn, R2, T1, U1, sid, k', CT'1を用いて認証タグσ'1を生成し、各jについてメッセージ認証コードのタグ生成アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mkjおよびRj, cj, Rα, Rβ, kj, sj, Tj, Uj, sid, c1, k', T'j, T1, CT'jを用いて認証タグσ'jを生成する第二認証タグ生成ステップと、
上記代表通信装置U1が、メッセージ認証コードの検証アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mk1およびR1, c1, Rn, R2, T1, U1, sid, k', CT'1を用いて上記認証タグσ'1を検証する代表第二認証タグ検証ステップと、
上記一般通信装置Ujが、メッセージ認証コードの検証アルゴリズムにより上記MAC鍵mkjおよびRj, cj, Rα, Rβ, kj, sj, Tj, Uj, sid, c1, k', T'j, T1, CT'jを用いて上記認証タグσ'jを検証し、T'jとKj lとの排他的論理和によりK1 lを計算し、T1とK1 lとの排他的論理和によりk1||s1を求め、c1=gk1hs1が成り立つか否かを検証する一般第二認証タグ検証ステップと、
をさらに含む鍵交換方法。 - nを2以上の整数とし、iを1からnまでの各整数とし、jを2からnまでの各整数とし、||を連結演算子とし、α, βを次式で定義される整数とし、
上記鍵配送装置Sは、
上記鍵配送装置Sの公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵skSおよび秘密ストリングstS, st'Sを記憶する記憶部と、
各iについて上記通信装置Uiから(Ri, ci)を受信し、ターゲット衝突困難ハッシュ関数によりc1, …, cnを用いてsidを生成し、各iについて(sid, Rα, Rβ)を上記通信装置Uiへ送信するセッションID生成部と、
上記代表通信装置U1からT1を受信し、各jについて上記一般通信装置Ujから(kj, sj, Tj)を受信し、ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstS, st'Sを用いてksを生成し、k2, …, kn, ksの排他的論理和によりk'を計算し、各jについてT1, …, Tj-1の排他的論理和によりT'jを計算し、k'を上記代表通信装置U1へ送信し、(k', T'j, T1)を上記一般通信装置Ujへ送信する第三鍵生成部と、
を含み、
上記代表通信装置U1は、
上記代表通信装置U1の公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵sk1および秘密ストリングst1, st'1を記憶する記憶部と、
ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングst1, st'1を用いてr1, k1, s1を生成し、R1=gr1およびc1=gk1hs1を計算し、(R1, c1)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第一鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(sid, Rn, R2)を受信し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rn r1)を用いてK1 lを生成し、K1 lとk1||s1との排他的論理和によりT1を計算し、T1を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第二鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sからk'を受信し、疑似ランダム関数によりsidおよびk'とk1との排他的論理和を用いて共通鍵K2を生成するセッション鍵生成部と、
を含み、
上記一般通信装置Ujは、
上記一般通信装置Ujの公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵skjおよび秘密ストリングstj, st'jを記憶する記憶部と、
ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstj, st'jを用いてrj, kj, sjを生成し、Rj=grjおよびcj=gkjhsjを計算し、(Rj, cj)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第一鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(sid, Rα, Rβ)を受信し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rα rj)を用いてKj lを生成し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rβ rj)を用いてKj rを生成し、Kj lとKj rとの排他的論理和によりTjを計算し、(kj, sj, Tj)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第二鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(k', T'j, T1)を受信し、T'jとKj rとの排他的論理和によりKj lを計算し、T1とKj lとの排他的論理和によりk1||s1を計算し、疑似ランダム関数によりsidおよびk'とk1との排他的論理和を用いて上記共通鍵K2を生成するセッション鍵生成部と、
を含む鍵交換システム。 - nを2以上の整数とし、iを1からnまでの各整数とし、jを2からnまでの各整数とし、α, βを次式で定義される整数とし、
各iについて通信装置Uiから(Ri, ci)を受信し、ターゲット衝突困難ハッシュ関数によりc1, …, cnを用いてsidを生成し、各iについて(sid, Rα, Rβ)を上記通信装置Uiへ送信するセッションID生成部と、
代表通信装置U1からT1を受信し、各jについて一般通信装置Ujから(kj, sj, Tj)を受信し、ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstS, st'Sを用いてksを生成し、k2, …, kn, ksの排他的論理和によりk'を計算し、各jについてT1, …, Tj-1の排他的論理和によりT'jを計算し、k'を上記代表通信装置U1へ送信し、(k', T'j, T1)を上記一般通信装置Ujへ送信する第三鍵生成部と、
を含む鍵配送装置。 - nを2以上の整数とし、||を連結演算子とし、
公開鍵暗号の秘密鍵sk1および秘密ストリングst1, st'1を記憶する記憶部と、
ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングst1, st'1を用いてr1, k1, s1を生成し、R1=gr1およびc1=gk1hs1を計算し、(R1, c1)を鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第一鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(sid, Rn, R2)を受信し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rn r1)を用いてK1 lを生成し、K1 lとk1||s1との排他的論理和によりT1を計算し、T1を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第二鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sからk'を受信し、疑似ランダム関数によりsidおよびk'とk1との排他的論理和を用いて共通鍵K2を生成するセッション鍵生成部と、
を含む通信装置。 - nを2以上の整数とし、jを2以上n以下の整数とし、||を連結演算子とし、α, βを次式で定義される整数とし、
ねじれ疑似ランダム関数により上記秘密ストリングstj, st'jを用いてrj, kj, sjを生成し、Rj=grjおよびcj=gkjhsjを計算し、(Rj, cj)を鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第一鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(sid, Rα, Rβ)を受信し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rα rj)を用いてKj lを生成し、疑似ランダム関数により(sid, Rβ rj)を用いてKj rを生成し、Kj lとKj rとの排他的論理和によりTjを計算し、(kj, sj, Tj)を上記鍵配送装置Sへ送信する第二鍵生成部と、
上記鍵配送装置Sから(k', T'j, T1)を受信し、T'jとKj rとの排他的論理和によりKj lを計算し、T1とKj lとの排他的論理和によりk1||s1を計算し、疑似ランダム関数によりsidおよびk'とk1との排他的論理和を用いて共通鍵K2を生成するセッション鍵生成部と、
を含む通信装置。 - 請求項5に記載の鍵配送装置もしくは請求項6または7に記載の通信装置としてコンピュータを機能させるためのプログラム。
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