WO2016180877A1

WO2016180877A1 - Overhead door

Info

Publication number: WO2016180877A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/060559
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicolas HOMMEL
Original assignee: Pega, Société Anonyme
Priority date: 2015-05-11
Filing date: 2016-05-11
Publication date: 2016-11-17
Also published as: LU92714B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an overhead door which comprises a leaf (1) and means for controlling the opening and closing, arranged to move the lower edge (12) of the leaf in a vertical closing plane and to move the upper edge (11) of the leaf in a horizontal or oblique opening plane. The control means comprise flexible force-transmission links (2, 3, 4) arranged in a horizontal circuit and a vertical circuit, one being a master circuit and the other a slave circuit, the horizontal circuit being located in the opening plane and connected to the upper edge (11) of the leaf, and the vertical circuit being located in the closing plane and connected to the lower edge of the leaf, a motor means (5) being arranged to drive the travelling of the master circuit, and the two circuits being connected by a transversely movable slide (6), preferably located in an area above the door, wherein the two circuits comprise parallel segments, the slide having link-return elements arranged such that a provoked movement of the one or more links (3, 4) of one of the two circuits causes an asynchronous simultaneous movement of the one or more links (2) of the other circuit by automatically distributing the forces exerted by the links respectively on the upper edge and on the lower edge of the door.

Description

TILT HOLDER

Technical area

The present invention relates to a swing gate, said still swing door, having a rigid door panel constituting the opening, guided in the upper part and in lower part in fixed rails integral with the frame. During the opening and closing movements of the door, the bottom of the opening panel is guided in substantially vertical rails, and the top of the door is guided in substantially horizontal rails. The invention relates more particularly to all the mechanisms for opening and closing such an opening.

State of the art

In this type of doors, the forces required, especially at the opening, are very variable depending on the degree of opening, and therefore the inclination of the door panel, which causes constraints also very variable on the mechanical guiding and driving organs, and this also leads to the use of drive and drive members that are mostly during maneuvers largely oversized compared to actual needs. This problem is only partially mitigated by the use of springs or counterweight mass compensation, to balance the loads due to the weight of the opening. Indeed, following the opening phase, or closing, the force that causes the displacement of the opening should be able to vary in positioning as well as in orientation to be optimal.

When the door is closed, or at the beginning of opening, the door panel being vertical or substantially vertical, the best place to exert the displacement force is at the top of the opening and the force being directed substantially horizontally. When the door is wide open and the door panel approaches the horizontal, the best place to exert the displacement force is on the lower edge of the opening, and the force being directed substantially vertically. It is therefore desirable to be able to act on the opening optimally according to its degree of opening.

[0004] Different solutions exist to approach this ideal. The most commonly used are: - curved rails at the top that allow to give a vertical force a horizontal resultant,

an arm or actuating arms positioned around the middle of the panel in order to obtain an opening-closing torque as close as possible to the axis of the latter, or, probably, the most commonly used, a motor acting exclusively on the horizontal combined with a spring, or more rarely a counterweight, of compensation of mass acting on the vertical.

In parallel with these inexpensive and easy to industrialize systems, we find in some documents solutions involving, to act on the top and bottom of the opening optimally, either a differential system or a double system. chain game connecting and disconnecting at the opening according to the degree of opening.

[0006] FR 1 .1 18.416 discloses a door swing system comprising links connected respectively to the bottom and the top of the door are both driven simultaneously and directly by the same winch 12; the links of these two circuits are wrapped around the same winch drum. The differences in speed during the opening are absorbed by a differential having return pulleys of the two link circuits, and thus connecting the links to allow their asynchronous scrolling. Objectives of the invention

An object of the present invention is to allow the opening and closing of the opening without the need to exert significant effort on the opening and closing control members, by the use of means for to apply the opening and closing forces always where they will be most effective, ie: - when the panel is rather vertical: rather at the top of it and rather horizontally.

- when the panel is rather horizontal: rather at the bottom of it and rather vertically. - And when the panel is in the intermediate position: a distribution of efforts between the top and bottom, this distribution automatically adapting to the needs, and therefore in particular depending on the degree of openness.

The invention thus aims to reduce the power of the control members, and therefore their weight and bulk. The invention also aims to ensure a more regular movement during opening and closing, thus avoiding momentary increases in stresses on these same organs. It also aims to minimize the number of mechanical components so that the assembly is easily industrializable.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0009] With these objectives in view, the object of the invention is a tilting door, of the type comprising an opening element situated in a substantially vertical closing plane when the door is closed, and in a plane of opening substantially horizontal or slightly oblique when fully open, and opening and closing control means arranged to move the lower edge of the opening in the orientation of the closure plane and to move the upper edge of the opening according to the orientation of the opening plan.

According to the invention, the control means comprise flexible links for transmission of effort arranged in a horizontal circuit and a vertical circuit, one being a master circuit and the other a slave circuit, the horizontal circuit being located in the opening plane and connected to the upper edge of the door, and the vertical circuit being located in the closure plane and connected to the lower edge of the door, a motor unit being arranged to drive the master circuit, and the two circuits being connected by a movable drawer transversely located in an area where the two circuits comprise parallel segments, the drawer carrying return elements on which the links are returned to 180 °, the drawer and the return elements being arranged of in such a way that a displacement caused by one or more links of one of the two circuits leads to an asynchronous simultaneous displacement of the links of the other circuit by automatically distributing the forces exerted by the links respectively on the upper edge and on the lower edge of opening. [001 1] Master circuit means the circuit whose scroll is directly driven by the motor; slave circuit means the other circuit, which does not include a drive motor, and whose scrolling is driven only from the master circuit through the drawer. According to the invention, the driving member acts exclusively on the master circuit, the movement of the master circuit causes a displacement of the drawer, and it is only this movement of the drawer that causes the slave circuit to move.

In a preferred arrangement, the drawer is located in an area above the door where the two circuits comprise parallel horizontal segments. Alternatively, particularly if the horizontal circuit has only one horizontal branch, it could also include a part pointing downwards, vertically, and in this case the drawer moving area could be located on one side of the door, where parallel segments of the two circuits would extend vertically. The motor member may typically be an electric gear motor.

The links may be formed of straps, or belts, smooth or synchronous, or chains, or cables.

According to a particular arrangement, the master circuit on which the motor means acts directly comprises a loop of fixed length formed by a part of the circuit located between two return elements of the spool for returning the circuit, said loop being determined by two pulleys fixed axes, and predetermined spacing to allow the maximum travel of the drawer, one of the pulleys being driven by being driven by the drive member. This loop, which extends horizontally above the opening of the door between the two fixed pulleys, forms an annex fixed part of the master circuit, traversed by the link of the master circuit during the movement of the opening, and which allows, when the drive of this link by the motor means, to ensure the displacement of the drawer on the length of this loop taken between the two pulleys that support it. As will be seen later, this loop actually allows, when the opening resists an upward displacement force exerted in the lower part of the opening while the motor means tend to cause this movement through the link of the master circuit, to cause the displacement of the drawer and thus the link of the slave circuit, and thus the horizontal displacement backwards of the upper edge of the opening. And conversely, when the opening is close to the horizontal position, and resists the displacement forces exerted on its upper edge by the link of the horizontal circuit, and therefore to the displacement of the drawer, it is then the link of the vertical circuit which, then circulating between the fixed pulleys and the return located on the drawer which is then also substantially fixed in position and resting on these pulleys and returns, exerts a pull on the lower edge of the opening to move it vertically. As will be better understood later, the invention allows, thanks to the distribution of forces exerted on the opening respectively by the horizontal links and the vertical links, which distribution is always carried out optimally thanks to the connection made by the movable drawer, to exercise permanently during the opening and closing maneuvers optimal forces both vertically on the bottom of the opening and horizontally at its upper edge. It will be noted that the drawer is not fixedly bound either to the links of the horizontal circuit or those of the vertical circuit, but it ensures a coordination of the scrolling of these links in correspondence with the vertical movements of the bottom of the opening and displacements horizontal of the top of the opening, which displacements are not of equal value according to the degree of opening of the door. It will easily be understood for example that, at the beginning of opening, a given horizontal displacement of the top of the opening will cause a vertical displacement of the bottom of the opening of a much smaller distance. Similarly, at the end of opening, there will be only a small horizontal displacement of the upper edge of the opening while the simultaneous vertical movement of the lower edge of the opening will be much larger. And between these two extreme situations, the ratio of these displacements varies continuously, this ratio being close to 1 only when the opening is substantially inclined at 45 degrees. The drawer which ensures a return of the links of the horizontal and vertical circuits allows somehow, by its freedom of sliding, to absorb these variations of displacements of the upper and lower edges of the opening, and therefore links related thereto.

Correlatively, the forces exerted by these links are equally distributed between the vertical and horizontal circuits. The usefulness of this distribution is explained below. At the beginning of opening, for example, and in the absence of the device according to the invention, it would be necessary to exert on the bottom of the opening a relatively large force upward effort required to overcome the weight of the door but also to begin to move the top of the door horizontally, while in this position, the horizontal component of the force transmitted to the top of the door is very small, the bulk of this effort being found in its component vertical, which is then transverse to the horizontal guide rails from the top of the door. Load compensation means, such as counterweights, can compensate for the weight of the opening, or even increase the forces exerted downwards and transmitted at the top of the opening, and therefore participate a little in the increase of said horizontal component; but, at the level of the guiding slides of the top of the opening, it will necessarily remain that the ratio between this horizontal component, useful for the opening, and the vertical component, useless and even harmful since it increases the friction, remains very weak as the opening remains close to the vertical, and only gradually fades during the opening. A similar effect can occur in the vicinity of the maximum open position, if the efforts are exerted mainly at the upper edge of the opening. It is therefore understandable to be able to apply the forces more downwards or upwards of the opening according to the degree of opening of the opening, taking into account that the optimum ratio between these efforts is continuously variable at the opening. during the opening. In particular, the ratio between the forces applied at the bottom of the sash and those applied at the top of the sash, which would be necessary to achieve the movement of the sash, goes from a maximum when the door is closed to a minimum when it is fully open, and invert in a substantially median intermediate position.

The invention solves this problem by optimizing, throughout the tilting of the opening, the intensity of the forces exerted respectively at the lower edge and the upper edge of the opening, and more so that these forces are oriented according to the sliding directions respectively of the top and the bottom of the opening, minimizing the transverse components of these forces.

The invention achieves this goal in the manner summarized below, and which will be more detailed and better understood later in the description of the examples. In the use of the system according to the invention, considered at the beginning of opening, the resistance opposed by the opening to a displacement of its lower edge upwards causes a relatively large tension on the link of the vertical circuit connected to the bottom of the opening. This tension is reflected, because of the return of this link made at the drawer, by a displacement force of the drawer, which in turn exerts a tension on the link of the horizontal circuit which causes the horizontal displacement of the top of the opening. As, at the beginning of opening, this horizontal movement requires much less effort than the vertical movement of the bottom of the opening, the torque supplied by the engine will therefore be used essentially for the horizontal displacement of the upper edge of the opening. Simultaneously, the bottom of the opening will be led to move upwards, but a much smaller distance than that traveled by the top of the opening, this small displacement being correlatively only slightly assisted by the tension force the link of the vertical circuit, and this in favor of the transmission of the engine torque available on the top of the door. This automatically establishes a distribution of the engine torque between the forces exerted on the top of the door and those exerted on the bottom of the door, so that the available motive power is used where it produces the most effect, by minimizing the losses that would otherwise be caused due to significant forces exerted transversely to the direction of movement, respectively of the bottom and top of the opening. It will be easily understood that, at the end of opening, the distribution of forces is reversed, the upper edge of the leaf opening moving very slightly, as well as the drawer, and the motor torque is automatically mostly reported on the vertical circuit and thus on the lower edge of the opening, to complete the vertical movement of the one -this. In all intermediate positions during opening, the engine torque is also distributed optimally on the top and bottom of the opening.

The explanation above has been given considering that the actuator, such as an electric geared motor but can also be a manually operated device, acts on the vertical circuit, then considered master circuit while the horizontal circuit is slave. It will be easily understood that this explanation is transposable to the case where the actuator would act directly on the horizontal circuit, then considered as master while the vertical circuit would be slave.

According to a preferred arrangement, the door comprises mass compensation means, typically comprising a counterweight or a spring, acting on the links of the vertical circuit, arranged so as to exert on the opening a force in the direction of the 'opening. This arrangement thus makes it possible to facilitate the opening of the door by providing a complementary force balancing the mass of the door, which makes it possible to further reduce the necessary torques and the stresses on the mechanical drive members, making it possible to reduce their power and therefore the motive energy consumed.

According to a preferred embodiment, the vertical circuit comprises two links connected respectively by one of their ends to the lateral ends of the lower edge of the opening, one of the links bypassing the door opening, the other ends of the two links. being connected to the same fixed point, and the two links of the vertical circuit pass in the same return device located above the fixed point and the mass compensation means are connected to said return device. This embodiment has the advantage of simplifying the realization of the vertical circuit, in particular by requiring only one strand of link on each side of the door opening. According to an alternative embodiment, the vertical circuit comprises a single link fixed by a first end to a lateral end of the lower edge of the opening, the link bypassing the door opening and then being returned to 180 ° by a lower fixed deflection pulley at the bottom of the door and the other lateral end of the lower edge of the opening leaf being bound at a point of attachment on the strand rising from this lower idler pulley, and the second end of the link being connected to a fixed point, the link passing in a return device located between a high point of its lateral ascent and the fixed point and the mass compensation means, such as in particular a spring disposed horizontally above the door, are linked to said return device.

According to yet another embodiment, where it is not used mass compensation means, the vertical circuit comprises a single link forming a closed circuit, the link passing over two fixed lower return pulleys at the bottom of the door where it is returned to 180 °, and the two lateral ends of the lower edge of the opening are connected at respective attachment points on the strands up from these lower return pulleys.

Note that in general, in the explanations given above and subsequently, is used for the sake of simplification of the terminology terms of vertical and horizontal circuit, and vertical closing position and horizontal opening , but that the invention can equally apply if the opening is not exactly vertical in the closed position, and also if it is inclined relative to the horizontal position of full opening. In this last arrangement, the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening, the plane of the opening in the fully open position and the plane of the horizontal circuit, are actually inclined relative to the horizontal, whether in positive or negative inclination, that is to say that the plane of the horizontal circuit and the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening forms an obtuse or acute angle with the vertical plane. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to use the door according to the invention in buildings with an inclined roof or ceiling and the door extending upwards to under said roof or said ceiling, the guide rails as well as the opening in the open position can then be inclined, and arranged just under the roof or ceiling, following the slope of it. In particular, by providing that the opening can very slightly descend at the very beginning of the opening, such an embodiment allows embodiments where the guide rails, and the plane of the horizontal circuit, are inclined downwards from vertical plane of the closed door, for example in the case of a garage descent just after the door. The inclination of the rails and the horizontal circuit may be 45 to 135 ° relative to the vertical plane, and more particularly 70 to 1 10 °.

According to a complementary arrangement, the door may comprise a locking mechanism of the door, preferably acting on the horizontal slave circuit, or on the drawer. This locking mechanism comprises for example a locking actuator, acting on the horizontal circuit to lock the movement where it is most effective when the door is closed, that is to say on the circuit moving the top of the door. Brief description of the drawings

Other features and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the detailed description of an advantageous embodiment of a door according to the invention, as well as variants, presented below only by way of example. with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of the door in the closed position, from the outside of the building,

FIG. 2 is a view of the door in the closed position, seen from the inside of the building,

FIG. 3 is a detail view in perspective on an enlarged scale of the only upper part of the door, seen from inside the building,

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective detail view of the only upper left corner area of the door, seen from the outside of the building,

FIG. 5 is an even larger scale detail view of this upper left corner area of the door, seen this time from the inside of the building, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the door in the open start position, the opening being inclined at approximately 5 degrees,

FIG. 7 is a detail view in perspective on an enlarged scale of the only upper part of the door, seen from the outside of the building, in this position of beginning of opening,

- Figure 8 is a view corresponding to that of Figure 6 when the door is in the intermediate open position, the opening being inclined at about 45 degrees,

FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 7 when the door is in this intermediate open position at 45 °,

FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 6 when the door is in the fully open position, the opening being substantially horizontal,

FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 7 when the door is in this fully open position, FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the drawer alone,

FIG. 13 is a view from above of the drawer,

FIG. 14 is a front view of the drawer,

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the drawer in position on the door,

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the horizontal circuit when the door is closed, the opening being vertical,

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the vertical circuit when the door is in this closed position,

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the horizontal circuit when the door is at the beginning of opening, the opening being inclined at approximately 5 degrees, FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the vertical circuit when the door is in this position. opening start, FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the horizontal circuit when the door is in the intermediate open position, the opening being inclined at approximately 45 degrees,

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the vertical circuit when the door is in this intermediate open position,

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the horizontal circuit when the door is fully open, the opening being horizontal,

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the vertical circuit when the door in this fully open position; FIG. 24 is a front view, seen from the outside, of a first embodiment of the door, using spring compensation,

FIG. 25 is a view of the only vertical circuit of this first variant,

FIG. 26 is a front view, seen from the outside, of a second variant embodiment of the door, without any mass compensation, FIG. 27 is a view of the only vertical circuit of this second variant.

Description of a preferred execution

The door according to the invention comprises an opening 1 consisting of a panel which comprises towards its upper edge 1 1 and its lower edge 12, laterally on each side, sliders or rollers guided in respective guide rails fixed on the building equipped with the said door. Such guidance systems by rollers or sliders are well known and have not been shown, as well as the fixed structure of the frame, to avoid unnecessarily overloading the drawings, on which is shown only the opening 1 and the means allowing maneuvers opening and closing of the opening, and in some figures, the floor 10 of the building, for the sole purpose of better visualize the different position of the opening during its maneuver.

The means for controlling the opening of the door comprise a first strap 2 constituting the horizontal circuit H, the vertical circuit V being constituted by a second strap 3 and a third strap 4. They also comprise a geared motor 5, a drawer 6 movable horizontally above the door, a counterweight 7 and various rollers or pulleys for guiding the straps, which will be detailed by the following. The drawer 6, shown in detail in Figures 12 to 14 carries two sets of aligned pulleys: a first set of pulleys PH1, PH8 vertical axes, located towards the ends of the drawer, and a second set of pulleys d horizontal axes PV2, PV5, located between the pulleys PH1, PH8. The drawer 6 can be guided horizontally and parallel to the plane of the door by slides, or only carried by the tensioned straps that pass on its pulleys, as will be seen later.

The upper edge 1 1 of the opening is connected to the first strap 2 at two upper connection points 21, 22 via connecting lugs 23, visible in Figures 3 and 5, articulated on the upper edge of the opening 1 and rigidly connected to connection blocks 24. As seen in FIG. 5, the connection block 24 is connected to the strap 2, by any appropriate fastening means, at a connection point 21 situated on a first strand 2d drive the strap, and it further comprises a window 241 which is traversed freely sliding by a strand 2c back parallel to the strand 2d drive, and thereby supporting said strand back. Similarly, on the other side of the door, another connection block 24 connects with the strap 2 at a connection point 22 located on a second drive strand 2g, and supports the strand in a sliding manner. return 2f.

The horizontal circuit H of the strap 2 comprises several strands 2a to 2i guided by:

fixed axis return pulleys PH2, PH4, PH5, PH7 ensuring the 90 ° orientation changes of the strap in the angles between these strands located substantially at the vertical plane of the closed door,

fixed axis pulleys PH3, PH6 situated towards the rear ends of the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening ensuring a return of the strap at 180 °, and pulleys PH1, PH8 carried by the slide 6 and ensuring the return of the strap to 180 ° in said drawer 6.

More specifically, the horizontal circuit extends in a horizontal plane from a fixed attachment point 201 of one end of the strap on the frame of the door, located towards a first side of the door, the left side as shown in the drawings, to a second fixed attachment point 202 located towards the other side of the door, and comprises:

a strand 2a extending horizontally and parallel to the plane of the door, from the fixed point 201 to the drawer 6 where it is returned at 180 ° by the pulley PH1,

a strand 2b extending in return, parallel to the strand 2a, to the fixed pulley PH2 situated at the upper left corner of the door, where it is returned at 90 ° towards the rear,

a strand 2c extending rearward parallel to the guide rail from the top of the door to the fixed pulley PH3 where it is returned at 180 ° towards the front,

- a strand 2d extending forward parallel to the strand 2c to the fixed pulley PH4 located next to the pulley PH2, where it is returned at 90 ° above the door, - a strand 2e s' extending from one side to the other of the door to the fixed pulley PH5, located at the upper right corner of the door, where it is returned to the rear at 90 °,

a strand 2f running rearward parallel to the guide rail from the top of the door to the fixed pulley PH6 where it is returned at 180 °, a strand 2g extending forward parallel to the strand 2f to the fixed pulley PH7 located next to the pulley PH5, where it is returned at 90 °,

a strand 2h extending parallel to the plane of the door, to the drawer 6 where it is returned at 180 ° by the pulley PH8, a strand 2i extending in return, parallel to the strand 2h, to the fixed point 202.

Any horizontal sliding of the drawer 6 in the plane of the door is therefore linked to a displacement of the upper edge 1 1 of the opening, driven by the strands 2d and 2g on which the tabs 23 are respectively fixed to the connection points 21 and 22, and the length of the displacement of the upper edge of the opening is twice that of the displacement of the slide 6.

It will be noted that the link of the horizontal circuit therefore comprises two fixed end points (201, 202) and that the horizontal displacement of the top of the opening, caused by the scrolling of this link, results in fact only from the displacement. of the drawer, even in the case where the motor would act directly on the link of the horizontal circuit and where the master circuit would then be this horizontal circuit.

The vertical circuit V is constituted by the two straps 3 and 4, arranged in a plurality of strands 3a to 3c and 4a to 4h extending in a vertical plane, guided by a set of horizontal axis return pulleys comprising, for the guiding of the strap 4: return pulleys PV1 and PV6 ensuring the 90 ° orientation changes of the strap in the upper corners located substantially at the horizontal plane of the open door, pulleys PV3, PV4 axes fixed on the frame of the door and located respectively to the two sides of the door, ensuring a return to 180 °, and pulleys PV2 and PV5 carried by the drawer 6 and ensuring the return of the strap to 180 ° in said drawer 6 The strap 3 passes over a single pulley PV8, located near the pulley PV6 and returning the strap 3 to 180 °, and the two straps pass respectively on pulleys PV7 and PV9 mounted on a set of return 71 integral counterweight 7, before being fixed by their ends at a fixed point 43 of the frame.

The strap 3 is fixed at one end at an attachment point 31 to the lower edge 12 of the opening on one side thereof. The strap 4 is fixed at one end at an attachment point 41 to the lower edge 12 of the opening on the other side thereof. More specifically, the vertical circuit comprises successively, with respect to the strap 4:

a first strand 4a which extends vertically upwards from the point of attachment 41, to the pulley PV1 situated at the upper angle of the door, where it is returned at 90 °, to above the door,

- A horizontal strand 4b extending to the drawer 6 where it is returned to 180 ° by the pulley PV2 of the drawer,

a strand 4c extending horizontally to the fixed pulley PV3, where it is returned at 180 °, a strand 4d extending from the fixed pulley PV3 to the other fixed pulley PV4, where it is again returned 180 ° to the drawer 6,

a fourth strand which extends to the drawer 6 where it is returned at 180 ° by the pulley PV5 of the drawer,

a strand 4f which extends to the pulley PV6 located towards the other upper angle of the door, where it is returned at 90 °,

a strand 4g which goes down to the counterweight 7 where it is returned at 180 ° by the pulley PV7 mounted on the counterweight,

- a strand 4h which goes up vertically to the fixed point 43.

The vertical circuit also comprises, with respect to the strap 3: - a strand 3a which extends vertically upwards from the point of attachment 31, to the pulley PV8, located near the pulley PV6, where it is returned at 180 °

a strand 3b which goes down to the counterweight 7 where it is returned at 180 ° by the pulley PV9 mounted on the counterweight below the pulley PV7; a strand 3c which goes up vertically to the fixed point 43.

The strands 4c, 4d, 4e, supported by the pulleys PV3 and PV4 on the one hand and the pulleys PV2 and PV5 of the drawer 6 on the other hand, form a loop B which remains fixed length whatever the position of the spool, the spacing of the two fixed axis pulleys PV3 and PV4 being predetermined to allow the maximum stroke of the drawer, between these two pulleys, one of these pulleys being driven by being driven by the drive member. In the example presented, the strap 4 is driven in motion by the pulley PV4 rotatably connected to the output shaft of the geared motor 5. Now we will explain the operation of the mechanism for the opening and closing of the opening, in connection with Figures 6 to 1 1 and Figures 16 to 23 schematically representing only the horizontal and vertical circuits.

When the door is closed, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the opening 1 is vertical, the upper connection points 21, 22 of the upper edge of the opening being in the end position towards the before, and the attachment points 31, 41 are in the lower position, as the lower edge 12 of the opening which is closest to the ground 10. The counterweight 7 is in the up position, and the drawer 6 is in end of race on the left. To open the door, it actuates the geared motor 5 which begins to drive the drive pulley PV4, which begins to exert a tension on the strands 4d, 4c, 4b and 4a, which ultimately echoes upward on the point 41 of the strap 4. The weight of the opening and additional resistance to opening, caused by the fact that the vertical force exerted on the bottom of the opening is reflected on the top of the opening in a direction perpendicular to the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening, lead to a tension in the strands 4d, 4c, 4b and 4a. This tension, in particular that present in the strands 4b and 4c results in a force exerted on the slide, which begins to move, as indicated by the arrows of FIGS. 18 and 19. The pulley PH1 carried by the slide 6 tends to strands 2a and 2b of the strap 2, and consequently, since the strand 2a is fixed at its end 201, causes the strap to move in its strands 2b to 2e, and thus a displacement of the connection points 21, 22 towards the rear resulting in the top of the opening, and thus initiating the opening of the door. The sliding of the slide 6 results in a horizontal displacement of the top of the opening of a substantially double distance. Note that in this early opening, a horizontal displacement of the top of the opening of a given distance causes a movement of the bottom of the door on a much lower distance. It will also be noted that, since the bottom of the opening leaf is practically not raised, the displacement of the drawer 6 does not substantially modify the vertical circuit, and in particular the position of the counterweight 7, except for the loop B formed by the strands. 4c, 4d, 4e which only the junction point between the pulleys PV2 and PV5 is moved.

Figures 6 and 7, and 18 and 19, which correspond to a tilting of the opening of about 5 degrees, illustrate this situation, where we clearly see the connection points 21 and 22 that moved to the rear, while the attachment points 31 and 41 have not substantially moved. For example, for a door about 2 m high, this inclination of 5 degrees corresponds to a horizontal movement of the top of the opening of 172 mm while the bottom of the opening rose vertically of only 6 mm . Note also the displacement of the drawer 6 to the right, a value of 86 mm equal to half the displacement of the top of the opening, all the strands 2b to 2e of the strap 2, and the connection points 21, 22 having also moved 172 mm. In the vertical circuit, the attachment points 31, 41 have moved 6 mm, as well as the strands 3a, 4a, 4b; the strand 4d slid 172 + 6 mm adding the vertical movement of the bottom of the opening to the horizontal displacement of the top of the opening.

It is thus seen that, in this opening start situation, virtually all the engine torque is used where it is most useful, that is to say for the displacement of the top of the opening, which does not requires at this moment a relatively weak force, since this force only needs to move the top of the opening horizontally while the own load of the weight of the opening is also supported by its lower edge, this load being further compensated at least in part by the counterweight 7 via the straps 3 and 4.

Continuing the opening, the traction exerted on the strap 4 by the geared motor 5 and its driving pulley PV4 continues to exert its effect on the drawer 6, continuing to move it to the right, and continuing in consequence to move the top of the opening to the rear. In doing so, the bottom of the opening is also moved upwards, and the resistance to the rise of the bottom of the opening, due to the weight of the opening, decreases progressively because the distribution of the loads is transferred to the top of the opening, and also that, the increasing inclination, the vertical component transverse to the horizontal guide rails, at the guide means of the top of the opening, simultaneously diminishes. The situation at substantially half-way overall, where the opening is inclined at approximately 45 °, is illustrated by Figures 8 and 9 and 20 and 21. Up to this point, the top of the opening has moved faster than the bottom. In the example of the door 2 meters high, the bottom of the opening rose 568 mm while the top moved horizontally 1404 mm. Drawer 6 moved 702 mm, and strand 4d slid 1404 + 568 mm. From this mid-race position, the speeds evolutions, between the horizontal speed of the top of the sash, and the vertical speed of the bottom of the opening, are reversed: the bottom of the sash then moves faster than the top.

Incidentally note that the counterweight always exerts the same tension on the straps 3 and 4 and therefore always facilitates the lifting of the opening. As a result, overall, the efforts required to move the top of the opening to the rear tend to increase, but also the efforts required to lift the bottom of the opening tend to decrease. It thus continues to occur an automatic distribution of the engine torque between the forces transmitted by the straps 3 and 4 of the vertical circuit on the bottom of the opening and the forces transmitted by the strap 2 of the horizontal circuit on the top of the opening .

Continuing the movement, the drawer continues its race always causing the top of the door to the rear via the strap 2. By cons the distribution of torque is now in favor of the effort exerted on the bottom of the opening.

When the opening reaches the maximum open position, shown in Figures 10, 1 1 and 22, 25, the drawer 6 is at the end of the race to the right. Its displacement is very small since the upper edge of the opening moves itself little compared to the simultaneous movement of the lower edge of the opening, and most of the engine torque is then transmitted on the lower edge of the opening to bring it to the maximum open position.

In the example of the door 2 meters high, the bottom of the opening was then raised 2m and the top moved horizontally also 2 m. The drawer 6 has moved 1 m, and the 4d strand has globally slid 4 meters.

In fact, as will be understood, to open or close a rocker door of this type, it is always easier to exert the effort on the opening where this effort is most effective, it that is to say practically where its component orthogonal to the plane of the opening can be minimized to cause the desired movement. This is what the system according to the invention can achieve by distributing, thanks to the sliding drawer 6 which provides the junction between the horizontal circuit and the vertical circuit, the motor torque between the force exerted on the top 1 1 of the opening and that exercised on the bottom 12, depending on the angle of inclination of the opening, which corollary allows, equivalent efficiency, to reduce the power of the engine. For example, for an opening of 200 kg and a counterweight of the same mass, there was a maximum effort at 27.1 daN. This maximum occurs when the opening is tilted at 33.3 ° angle. In full open position this value drops to zero, the load at the lower edge of the opening being substantially equal to half of its weight, and fully compensated by the mass of the counterweight. This finding, combined with the fact that the slave circuit, at the end of closing, can cause a locking mechanism, allows to consider the manufacture of overhead doors armored garages easily industrializable. The closing of the door is done in a reverse manner but similar in the principle of distribution of useful efforts. At the beginning of the closure, since the upper edge of the opening will undergo only a small horizontal displacement, the drawer 6 will also move only slightly, and the engine torque will act essentially on the lower edge of the opening for the move down. Then gradually the movement of the drawer increases with that of the upper edge of the opening, changing the distribution between the forces exerted on the top and the bottom of the opening until the total closure where all the engine torque is found transmitted on the top of the opening through the drawer whose movement becomes maximum, the bottom of the opening having practically no movement. A maximum force is then exerted horizontally, allowing the seals of the door to be crushed.

Figures 24 and 25 illustrate an alternative embodiment, wherein the vertical circuit is modified and the counterweight is replaced by a spring 7 'of mass compensation. The vertical circuit here comprises a single strap 4 ', one end of which is fixed at the bottom of the opening on one side at an attachment point 41'. From this point, the strap extends vertically by a strand 4'a to a pulley PV'1 of return at 90 °, located towards an upper angle of the door, then a strand 4'b extends horizontally until 6 'to the drawer 6, where the strap is returned to 180 ° by a pulley PV'2 carried by the drawer, along a 4'c strand which extends as horizontally to the fixed pulley PV'3 mounted in a fixed position on the built. The pulley PV'3 removes the strap 180 ° by the 4'd strand to another fixed pulley PV'4, which returns to turn 180 ° to the drawer 6 by 4'e strand. The second pulley PV'5 of the drawer returns the strap according to the 4'f strand to a pulley PV'6 located towards the second upper corner of the door. The pulley PV'6 returns the strap down along the edge of the door, by the 4'g strand. The strap is returned upwardly 180 ° by a pulley PV'7 fixedly mounted at the bottom of the door frame, along a 4'h strand on which the lower edge 12 of the opening is connected to the attachment point 42 . The strap is returned at 90 ° by a pulley PV'8 located towards the door angle near the pulley PV'6, along a strand 4'i, then again returned to 180 ° by a pulley PV'9 horizontally movable, along a strand 4'j, and finally its end is fixed on a fixed point 44 of the frame. The spring 7 'is attached between the pulley PV'9 and a fixed point 45 located on the other side of the door, near the pulley PV'1. The gearmotor drives the PV'3 pulley.

In this variant, the horizontal circuit H remains similar to that described above for the first embodiment, with the difference that the drawer 6 is located towards the right side of the door and moves from right to left when the opening of the door, ie in the opposite direction of the first mode of production. As a result, the points of connection of the upper edge of the door on the strap 2 will be on the strands 2c and 2f instead of the strands 2d and 2g of the previous example.

When opening the door, the geared motor 5 drives the pulley PV'3 in the direction causing the tension of the strands 4'c, 4'b and 4'a, tending to lift the lower edge of the opening, and simultaneously the spring 7 'exerts a tension on the strands 4'i and 4'h, also tending to lift the opening at the point of attachment 42'. The resistance to the opening of the opening leads, equivalent to what has been explained for the first embodiment, to a displacement of the slide 6 to the left, thereby causing the upper edge of the opening leaf. the rear, by the strap 2. The movement continues similarly to what has been described above, the engine torque is distributed so that the forces exerted on the top and bottom of the opening are distributed to be always applied predominantly where they are most efficient.

The spring 7 'has a role equivalent to that of the counterweight, providing a mass compensation that is exercised directly at the point of attachment 42' and indirectly, through the different strands, on the point of 41 'attachment, in addition to the traction exerted by the geared motor, which facilitates the opening of the door. If the door is sufficiently wide relative to its height, the length of the spring and therefore its maximum retraction capacity, may be sufficient to absorb the length of the strap developed on the strands 4'i and 4'j, when the opening is totally open. Otherwise, it will be possible to provide a multi-strand blowing between the pulley PV'9 linked to the spring and the fixed point 44.

Figures 26 and 27 illustrate another embodiment, wherein the vertical circuit is formed by a single strap 4 ", the different strands are arranged as can be seen in Figure 27. Note that the strap 4" , which is arranged in a closed circuit, looped by the strands 4 "i and 4" j, is returned to the bottom of the door by pulleys PV "7 and PV" 10 fixed at the bottom of the frame on each side of the door , the PV pulley "7 ensuring the return to 180 ° between the strands 4 "g and 4" h, and the pulley PV "10 ensuring the return 180 ° between the strands 4" a and 4 "J. Moreover, the lower edge 12 of the opening is connected to the strap by two fastening points 41 "and 42" fixed on the 4 "and 4" h strands, which thus cause the lower edge of the opening upwards when the door is opened. realization the absence of any means of mass compensation.

The operation of the door is similar to that described above in the variant using a mass compensation spring, with the difference that the lifting force exerted on the attachment point 42 results here only from the motor torque transmitted to the strap by the pulley PV "3 and retransmitted from the point of attachment 41 through the strands 4" a, 4 ", 4" i and 4 "h.

If the opening weighs for example 30 kg, there is a maximum effort at 14.7 daN. This maximum occurs when the opening is horizontal, in the fully open position. This observation makes it possible to envisage the manufacture of doors, or more generally of tilting windows, without mass compensation.

Note also that the door can be locked in the closed position simply by locking the drawer 6 at the end of the race, since the movements of the drawer and the top of the opening are still connected via the strap 2.

Other particular configurations of the circuits, in particular of the vertical circuit, are conceivable, with or without the use of counterweights or other means of mass compensation, and come within the scope of the invention as long as there is a connection between the vertical circuit and the horizontal circuit by means of a sliding drawer as previously described ensuring during the opening or closing of the door the automatic adjustment of the races respectively from the top and the bottom of the opening and the distribution of the engine torque so that it exerts the force of displacement always at the point, high or low, or it is the most efficient. It will also be noted that the plane of the horizontal circuit can also be inclined, as indicated above, in the plane of the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening, for example to follow the inclination of a ceiling of the room with the door. The kinematics and operation of the door remain identical if the angle of inclination is not too great. The inclination of the axes of the pulleys of the horizontal circuit will be adapted accordingly.

Also, in the examples described above, the vertical circuit is master and motorized and the horizontal circuit is slave, but the opposite is quite conceivable.

As indicated above, the drawer could also be located on the side of the door and movable vertically. Such an arrangement can for example be applied to a door of small width, where the horizontal circuit does not require therefore two horizontal branches, respectively on each side of the opening, and therefore can use a single branch on one side or in the middle. In this case, this special horizontal circuit, which retains the general drive functions from the top of the door described above, may then comprise a vertical leg on which the drawer is located, which is then also on a vertical branch of the vertical circuit.

The motorization can also be replaced by a manual system.

Both horizontal and vertical circuits can be made webbing, belt, smooth or synchronous, chain, cable, depending on the intended application.

Claims

claims

1. Tilting door, comprising an opening (1) located in a substantially vertical closing plane when the door is closed, and in a plane of substantially horizontal or oblique opening when it is fully open, and opening control means and closures arranged to move the lower edge (12) of the opening in the orientation of the closure plane and to move the upper edge (1 1) of the opening according to the orientation of the opening plane,

characterized in that the control means comprise flexible links (2, 3, 4) of force transmission arranged in a horizontal circuit (H) and a vertical circuit (V), one being a master circuit and the another a slave circuit, the horizontal circuit being located in the opening plane and connected to the upper edge (1 1) of the opening, and the vertical circuit being located in the closure plane and connected to the lower edge (12) of the opening, a motor member (5) being arranged to drive the master circuit, and the two circuits being connected by a movable slide (6) transversely located in an area where the two circuits comprise parallel segments (2b, 2e 4b, 4f), the slide (6) carrying deflection elements (PH1, PH8, PV2, PV5) to which the links are returned at 180 °, the slide and its return elements being arranged in such a way that provoked one or two links (3, 4) of one of the two circuits entered ine simultaneous asynchronous displacement or links (2) of the other circuit by automatically distributing the forces exerted by the links respectively on the upper edge and on the lower edge of the opening.

2. Door according to claim 1, wherein the drawer (6) is located in an area above the door where the two circuits have horizontal parallel segments. 3. Door according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the master circuit on which acts directly the motor member comprises a loop (B) of fixed length formed by a portion of the circuit located between two elements (PV2, PV5) of return of the slide (6) returning the circuit, said loop being determined by two pulleys (PV3, PV4) fixed axes and predetermined spacing to allow the maximum stroke of the drawer, one of the pulleys (PV4) being motor driven by the driving member (5).

Door according to claim 1, wherein the drive member (5) directly drives a link of the vertical circuit (V).

Door according to claim 1, wherein the motor member (5) directly leads a link of the horizontal circuit (H).

Door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises mass compensation means (7, 7 ') acting on the links of one or the other circuit, arranged so as to exert on the opening (1) a force in the direction of opening.

Door according to claim 6, characterized in that the mass compensation means comprise a counterweight (7) or a spring (7 ').

Door according to claim 6, wherein the vertical circuit (V) has two links (3, 4) connected respectively by one of their ends (31, 41) to the lateral ends of the lower edge (12) of the opening, one of links (4) bypassing the door opening, the other ends of the two links (3, 4) being connected to the same fixed point (43), and the two links of the vertical circuit passing in the same deflection device (71) located above the fixed point (43) and the mass compensation means (7) are connected to said return device.

Door according to claim 6, wherein the vertical circuit (V) comprises a single link (4 ') fixed by a first end (41) to a lateral end of the lower edge (12) of the opening, the link (4' ) bypassing the door opening and then being returned to 180 ° by a return pulley lower (PV'7) fixed at the bottom of the door and the other lateral end of the lower edge of the opening being bound at a point of attachment (42) on the strand (4'h) rising from this pulley of the lower link, and the second end of the link being connected to a fixed point (44), the link passing in a deflection device (PV'9) between a high point (PV'8) of its lateral ascent and the point fixed (44) and the mass compensation means (7 ') are connected to said return device (PV'9).

10. Door according to claim 1, wherein the vertical circuit (V) comprises a single link (4 ") forming a closed circuit, the link passing over two lower return pulleys (PV" 7, PV "10) fixed at the bottom. of the door where it is returned to 180 °, and the two lateral ends of the lower edge (12) of opening are connected at respective attachment points (41 ", 42") on the strands (4 "a, 4" h) ascending from these lower idlers.

1 1. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a mechanism for locking the door, driven by the slave circuit.

12. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plane of the horizontal circuit and the guide rails of the upper edge of the opening forms an obtuse or acute angle with the vertical plane.

13. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the links (2, 3, 4) are formed of straps, or belts, smooth or synchronous, or chains, or cables.