WO2016129631A1 - 川崎病の検査方法およびキット - Google Patents
川崎病の検査方法およびキット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129631A1 WO2016129631A1 PCT/JP2016/053940 JP2016053940W WO2016129631A1 WO 2016129631 A1 WO2016129631 A1 WO 2016129631A1 JP 2016053940 W JP2016053940 W JP 2016053940W WO 2016129631 A1 WO2016129631 A1 WO 2016129631A1
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- kawasaki disease
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a test method and kit for Kawasaki disease.
- Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile rash disease mainly seen in infants under 4 years of age, and the main condition is systemic vasculitis.
- the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease consists of several major symptoms (1.5 days or more of fever, 2. hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyeballs, 3. redness of the lips, tongue, 4. irregular rash, 5. stiffness of the fingers in the acute phase, palmarity. And erythema of the sole of the foot, membrane-like desquamation after antipyretic, 6. non-suppurative lymphadenopathy of the cervix) (guideline for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease).
- the white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, hepatocyte escape enzyme, increased red sediment, leukocyte fraction (neutrophil ratio), etc. are examined, and coronary artery lesions detected by tomographic echocardiography or cardiovascular angiography Confirmation is also performed.
- Kawasaki disease is a disease that resolves spontaneously, but if not treated, 25-30% of patients suffer from cardiac complications typified by coronary artery lesions. Therefore, in Kawasaki disease, it is important to start treatment early in the onset to calm the inflammation, and it is necessary to shorten the fever period even one day and prevent the occurrence of cardiac complications.
- the etiology and onset mechanism of Kawasaki disease are still unknown, there are no specific diagnostic tests, there are individual differences in major symptoms, and there are many cases that do not meet the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, a rapid definitive diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is difficult.
- Patents relating to the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease include a method of measuring blood VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) concentration (Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-6832), one or more superantigens There are methods for measuring IgM (Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-139294) and other gene polymorphism investigations (Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-72193), which are actually used in clinical practice. There is nothing yet.
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a kit for quickly and simply examining Kawasaki disease.
- lipopolysaccharide binding protein Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)
- LBP leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein 1
- AGT angiotensinogen
- RBP4 retinol binding protein 4
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) measuring at least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, angiotensinogen and retinol binding protein 4 in a subject-derived specimen, Test method for Kawasaki disease. (2) If at least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, and angiotensinogen has a high level in the subject-derived specimen, the patient is suffering from Kawasaki disease The method according to (1), wherein it is determined that the possibility is high, and when the level is low, it is determined that the possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease is low.
- Retinol-binding protein 4 is determined to have a high possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease when the level in the subject-derived specimen is low, and is suffering from Kawasaki disease when the level is high
- the method according to (1) wherein the possibility is determined to be low.
- the subject is a patient undergoing treatment for Kawasaki disease, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, and angiotensinogen is present in the subject-derived specimen Is measured once or multiple times at different times, and when the level is low or decreased, it is determined that treatment has recovered from Kawasaki disease.
- the method according to (1) wherein it is determined that recovery has not been performed or recovery has been insufficient.
- Reagent capable of specifically detecting lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, reagent capable of specifically detecting leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, reagent capable of specifically detecting angiotensinogen and retinol-binding protein 4 can be specifically detected
- a test kit for Kawasaki disease comprising at least one reagent selected from the group consisting of reagents.
- Kawasaki disease About 10,000 patients are diagnosed with Kawasaki disease each year. The number of other children with febrile illnesses of unknown cause is also very large, and the market scale will be large if Kawasaki disease is diagnosed as an initial screening test for these patients. In addition, if it can be applied to the determination of severity, it is possible to avoid the use of expensive gamma globulin preparations as a therapeutic agent, leading to savings in medical costs.
- Kawasaki disease can be diagnosed promptly with a very high probability by an inspection method with a small patient burden in addition to diagnosis by main symptoms.
- the therapeutic effect of Kawasaki disease can be confirmed.
- This specification includes the contents described in the specification and / or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-024506, which is the basis of the priority of the present application.
- the vertical axis indicates the serum protein concentration. ***: p ⁇ 0.001, **: p ⁇ 0.01, *: p ⁇ 0.1, NS: non-significant Changes in LBP, LRG1, AGT, and RBP4 based on ELISA results. Fluctuation in the expression level between the acute and convalescent stages of Kawasaki disease and other healthy children (during allergy testing) in the same 42 patients.
- the vertical axis indicates the serum protein concentration, and the acute phase and the recovery phase are connected by a line.
- sensitivity% percentage that is positive when people who are truly Kawasaki disease are tested
- 100% -specificity% proportion of misdiagnosing diseases other than Kawasaki disease as Kawasaki disease
- the present invention includes measuring the level in a subject-derived specimen for at least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, angiotensinogen and retinol binding protein 4. , Provide a test method for Kawasaki disease.
- At least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, and angiotensinogen has a high level in the subject-derived specimen, it may be affected by Kawasaki disease When it is determined that the level is high and the level is low, it can be determined that the possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease is low.
- the present inventors have confirmed that many of these proteins are expressed in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (see Examples described later).
- Retinol-binding protein 4 is judged to have a high possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease when the level in the sample derived from the subject is low, and may be suffering from Kawasaki disease when the level is high Can be determined to be low.
- the present inventors have confirmed that the expression of this protein is decreased in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (see Examples described later). Therefore, the method of the present invention can be used for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (determination of presence or absence of Kawasaki disease).
- the cut-off value (acute vs control) in Table 1 below in Examples described later can be used to determine whether or not to have Kawasaki disease, in particular, to make a diagnosis by distinguishing from other diseases.
- LBP lipopolysaccharide binding protein
- LRG1 leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein
- angiotensinogen when the serum concentration is 68.83 ⁇ g / mL (concentration when the specificity is 95%) or more, it is determined that there is a high possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease.
- the concentration is less than 68.83 ⁇ g / mL, it can be determined that the possibility of suffering from Kawasaki disease is low.
- retinol binding protein 4 RBP4
- the above cut-off value is best when the specificity is 95% based on the ROC curve, better when the specificity is 90%, and when the specificity is 80%. You may change the time as good.
- the subject is a patient undergoing treatment for Kawasaki disease
- at least one component selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, and angiotensinogen is contained in the subject-derived specimen. Is measured once or multiple times at different times, and when the level is low or decreased, it is determined that treatment has recovered from Kawasaki disease. It can be determined that no recovery has occurred or recovery is insufficient. The present inventors compared the acute phase and the recovery phase of Kawasaki disease, and confirmed that these proteins decreased with the recovery (see Examples described later).
- the level in the subject-derived sample was measured once or multiple times at different times, and when the level was high or increased, it was determined that the treatment recovered from Kawasaki disease, and the level was When it is low or does not rise, it can be determined that treatment has not recovered from Kawasaki disease or recovery is insufficient.
- the present inventors compared the acute phase and the recovery phase of Kawasaki disease, and confirmed that these proteins increased with the recovery (see Examples described later). Therefore, the method of the present invention can also be used for changes in the pathology of patients with Kawasaki disease, current pathological conditions, prognosis tests, and confirmation of the therapeutic effects of Kawasaki disease.
- the cut-off value (acute vs recovery) shown in Table 1 below in Examples described later can be used.
- the subject is a patient undergoing treatment for Kawasaki disease, for lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)
- the serum concentration in the subject-derived specimen is measured once or multiple times at different times, and the serum concentration is 56.54 ⁇ g / mL (concentration at 95% specificity) or less
- the serum concentration is 56.54 ⁇ g / mL (concentration at 95% specificity) or less
- LRG1 leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein
- the serum concentration in the subject-derived specimen is measured once or multiple times at different times, and the serum concentration is 369.7 ⁇ g / mL (concentration when the specificity is 95%) )
- AGT angiotensinogen
- the serum concentration in the sample derived from the subject is measured once or multiple times at different times, and the serum concentration is 101.9 ⁇ g / mL (concentration when the specificity is 95%) or less.
- the serum concentration in the subject-derived specimen is measured once or multiple times at different times, and the serum concentration is 6.759 ⁇ g / mL (concentration when the specificity is 95%) or more Is determined to have recovered from Kawasaki disease by treatment, and if the serum concentration is lower than 6.759 ⁇ g / mL, it is determined that treatment has not recovered from Kawasaki disease or recovery is insufficient be able to.
- the above cut-off value is best when the specificity is 95% based on the ROC curve, better when the specificity is 90%, and when the specificity is 80%. You may change the time as good.
- test subject-derived specimens include serum and whole blood.
- the present invention specifically detects a reagent that can detect lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, a reagent that can specifically detect leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, a reagent that can specifically detect angiotensinogen, and a retinol-binding protein 4 specifically.
- a test kit for Kawasaki disease comprising at least one reagent selected from the group consisting of possible reagents.
- an antibody is preferable, an antibody that specifically binds to a lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, an antibody that specifically binds to leucine-rich ⁇ 2-glycoprotein, an antibody that specifically binds to angiotensinogen, and retinol-binding protein 4 It may be an antibody that specifically binds.
- Such antibodies are commercially available and can be used.
- the antibody may be either a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- the antibody may be labeled with a radioisotope, enzyme, luminescent material, fluorescent material, biotin, and the like.
- a target molecule In the case of detecting a target molecule by reacting a primary antibody that specifically binds to a target molecule (in the present invention, LBP, LRG1, ATG, RBP4) and then reacting with a secondary antibody that binds to the primary antibody.
- a primary antibody that specifically binds to a target molecule in the present invention, LBP, LRG1, ATG, RBP4
- a secondary antibody that binds to the primary antibody In some cases, the secondary antibody is labeled (the primary antibody is not labeled).
- kit of the present invention includes a standard protein (LBP, LRG1, ATG, RBP4), buffer, substrate (when antibody is enzyme-labeled), reaction stop solution, washing solution, reaction vessel, instruction manual, etc. May be included.
- a standard protein LBP, LRG1, ATG, RBP4
- buffer when antibody is enzyme-labeled
- reaction stop solution washing solution
- reaction vessel instruction manual, etc. May be included.
- Example 1 Two types of protein using serum from 55 acute cases of Kawasaki disease and 51 cases of convalescence (provided by Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Public Showa Hospital) The following operations were performed.
- the PVDF membrane after blocking treatment was diluted with an antibody dilution buffer (anti-LBP antibody (GeneTex) diluted 3,000 times, anti-LRG1 [EPR 12362] antibody (abcam) diluted 5,000 times) and 16 times at room temperature. The reaction was allowed for ⁇ 18 hours. After the reaction, each PVDF membrane was washed with TBS (TBS-T) containing 0.05% [v / v] Tween 20 for 10 minutes three times, and diluted to 5,000 times with a buffer for antibody dilution. React with HRP at room temperature for 1 hour. After the reaction, it was washed again with TBS-T for 10 minutes three times, and detected with LAS-4000 EP UV mini PRH (Fuji Film) using ECL Select Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Healthcare) as a substrate.
- an antibody dilution buffer anti-LBP antibody (GeneTex) diluted 3,000 times, anti-LRG1 [EPR 12362] antibody (abcam
- MultiGauge ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Analysis Software digitizes the intensity of the band, and commercially available recombinant protein (Recombinant Human LBP (R & D Systems) [2.5 ng], Recombinant Human LRG1 Novoprotein) [10 ng]) was used as a standard protein for quantitative analysis, and the relative amount of each band was calculated when the intensity of the standard protein band was taken as 100.
- the obtained numerical values were graphed, and Mann-Whitney test was performed in the acute phase and the recovery phase using GraphPad Prism (ver. 5, MDF).
- LBP lipopolysaccharide
- LBP has been reported to be upregulated in febrile urinary tract infection and sepsis [Pediatric Nephrology, 28, 1091-1097, 2013.]. Therefore, it was considered that bacteria and the like were also infected in Kawasaki disease, and as a result, the expression of LBP increased.
- LRG1 is also present in blood and has been identified as a novel inflammatory marker protein, and it has been reported that its expression increases due to rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation by LPS administration, etc. [Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 69: 770-774, 2010., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 382: 776-779, 2009., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110, E2332-E2341,2013.]. In recent years, it has been reported that angiogenesis is promoted through the regulation of transforming growth factor- ⁇ (TGF- ⁇ ) signaling [Nature, 499: 306-311, 2013.].
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor- ⁇
- TGF- ⁇ is also involved in the expression of VEGF, and VEGF is said to be present in high concentrations in the serum of patients with acute Kawasaki disease [Pediatric Research, 44: 596-599, 1998.].
- VEGF is said to be present in high concentrations in the serum of patients with acute Kawasaki disease
- inflammation and angiogenesis are seen in coronary aneurysms and myocardium in patients with Kawasaki disease [Pediatric Cardiology, 26: 578-584, 2005.]. Therefore, it is suggested that LRG1 may be involved in coronary aneurysm formation in the myocardium or inflammation in the myocardium.
- LBP and LRG1 have high concentrations in blood and can be easily detected. Therefore, by using the expression level of these two proteins, both of which are the criteria for diagnosis, in addition to diagnostic methods based on major symptoms that are influenced by the subjectivity and experience of doctors and may be missed or missed, it is accurate and prompt. I think there is a possibility of diagnosis.
- Example 2 Serum of 20 patients with Kawasaki disease acute phase and 20 cases of recovery phase (provided by Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Public Showa Hospital) The following operations were performed.
- the PVDF membrane subjected to the blocking treatment was reacted with Anti-AGT antibody (IBL) diluted 100 times with an antibody dilution buffer at room temperature for 16 to 18 hours. After the reaction, each PVDF membrane was washed with TBS-T for 10 minutes three times, and reacted with standard anti-mouse IgG-HRP diluted 5,000 times with an antibody dilution buffer at room temperature for 1 hour. After the reaction, it was washed again with TBS-T for 10 minutes three times, and detected with LAS-4000 EP UV mini PRH using ECL Select Western Blotting Detection Reagent as a substrate.
- IBL Anti-AGT antibody
- the intensity of the band is digitized from the obtained image by MultiGauge Analysis Software, and the obtained numerical value is graphed, and the Mann-Whitney test in the acute phase and the recovery phase using GraphPad Prism (ver. 5, MDF) Went.
- AGT is a precursor of angiotensin and decomposes into angiotensin I and II in the renin-angiotensin system.
- AGT is increased in hypertension, diabetes, and chronic nephritis, and is considered to play an important role in the development and development of hypertension and kidney damage.
- Kawasaki disease is not known, and is the first knowledge obtained in the present invention.
- Example 3 Serum was provided by Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Public Showa Hospital, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Yokohama City University Citizen General Medical Center (On Table 1). All samples have received comprehensive consent from the provider.
- Acute phase sera of Kawasaki disease patients Serum during fever of 55 patients
- Recovery phase during recovery of Kawasaki disease patients Serum after fever of 51 patients
- Sera from patients with viral infections G1: 106 (21 RS viruses, 23 influenza A viruses, 20 influenza B viruses, 20 rotaviruses, 7 noroviruses, 3 adenoviruses, 12 throat adenoviruses)
- Bacterial infection sera G2: 21 (1 pneumococci, 1 pneumoniae, 1 gram-negative bacilli, 1 gram-negative bacilli, 7 streptococci, 3 E. coli, 2 S.
- each PVDF membrane was washed with TBS-T for 3 minutes for 10 minutes, and reacted with anti-rabbit IgG-HRP or anti-mouse IgG-HRP diluted 5000 times with antibody dilution buffer for 1 hour at room temperature. I let you. After the reaction, it was washed again with TBS-T for 10 minutes three times, and photographed with LAS-4000 EP UV mini PRH using the secondary labeled antibody detection reagent as a substrate. Band intensities were quantified by MultiGauge Analysis Software.
- Kawasaki disease related to the serum concentration of each protein obtained from the results of the ELISA method, and the significant difference test in the acute phase and recovery period of Kawasaki disease regarding the expression level in the patient serum obtained from the Western blot method results
- the statistical difference software Graph Pad Prism was used to test the significant difference between the acute phase and each group (Kawasaki disease recovery phase, healthy children, and other pediatric diseases).
- Kawasaki disease acute phase 55 samples
- convalescent phase 51 samples
- other childhood diseases other than Kawasaki disease acute phase and Kawasaki disease previously item: 144 samples
- ROC analysis was performed to calculate AUC.
- the AUC value of LBP was 0.8966 between Kawasaki disease acute phase and recovery phase, and 0.8497 between Kawasaki disease acute phase and other diseases, indicating that LBP is useful for diagnosis after LRG1. It was. Furthermore, the cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated using the statistical analysis software Graph Pad Prism based on the data in FIG. 11 (bottom of Table 1). Cut-off value (best); concentration at which the specificity reaches 95%. Cut-off value (better); concentration at which specificity is 90%. Cut-off value (good): concentration at which the specificity reaches 80%. Sensitivity: The rate at which patients with true Kawasaki disease are diagnosed as positive. 100%-specificity; the rate at which patients other than Kawasaki disease are misdiagnosed as having Kawasaki disease.
- RBP4 is an RBP produced in the liver or adipocytes and secreted into the blood (plasma), so it is also referred to as Plasma RBP (PRBP).
- PRBP4 Plasma RBP
- Kawasaki disease The etiology of Kawasaki disease is still unclear, and it is suggested that some abnormality in the immune system may have caused the pathology.
- inflammatory proteins such as CRP and SAA are present in excess in the patient acute phase serum, and the serum concentration can be examined as a reference item in general blood tests.
- many of such inflammatory proteins reflect non-specific systemic inflammation and vasculitis, and do not specifically differentiate Kawasaki disease. . Therefore, it is important to develop diagnostic markers other than such proteins that can be distinguished from other diseases.
- Kawasaki disease can be specifically diagnosed by examining the serum levels of Kawasaki disease-related proteins LBP, LRG1, AGT, and RBP4 in patients. In particular, the diagnostic performance of LBP and LRG1 was found to be good.
- Kawasaki disease The pathology of Kawasaki disease is very widespread, and many mechanisms are expected to be involved in the onset. Since all four types of proteins found in this study are present at high concentrations in the blood, it is considered possible to develop a simple and accurate Kawasaki disease diagnosis method using these proteins as indicators.
- the present invention can be used for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and confirmation of therapeutic effects.
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Abstract
Description
(1)リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテイン、アンジオテンシノーゲンおよびレチノール結合蛋白 4からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを測定することを含む、川崎病の検査方法。
(2)リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインおよびアンジオテンシノーゲンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルが高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記レベルが低い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定する(1)記載の方法。
(3)レチノール結合蛋白 4について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルが低い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記レベルが高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定する(1)記載の方法。
(4)被験者が川崎病の治療を受けている患者であり、リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインおよびアンジオテンシノーゲンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記レベルが低いあるいは低下した場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記レベルが高いあるいは低下しない場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定する(1)記載の方法。
(5)被験者が川崎病の治療を受けている患者であり、レチノール結合蛋白 4について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記レベルが高いあるいは上昇した場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記レベルが低いあるいは上昇しない場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定する(1)記載の方法。
(6)被験者由来の検体が、血清又は全血である(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(7)リポ多糖結合タンパク質を特異的に検出できる試薬、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインを特異的に検出できる試薬、アンジオテンシノーゲンを特異的に検出できる試薬およびレチノール結合蛋白 4を特異的に検出できる試薬からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの試薬を含む、川崎病の検査キット。
(8)試薬が抗体である(7)記載のキット。
本明細書は、本願の優先権の基礎である日本国特許出願、特願2015‐024506の明細書および/または図面に記載される内容を包含する。
レチノール結合蛋白 4については、被験者由来の検体中のレベルが低い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記レベルが高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定することができる。本発明者らは、川崎病急性期において、このタンパク質の発現が減少していることを確認した(後述の実施例参照)。
よって、本発明の方法は、川崎病の診断(川崎病への罹患の有無の判定)に利用できる。
川崎病への罹患の有無、特に、他の疾患と区別して診断する、その判断には、後述の実施例の表1下のカットオフ値(acute vs control)を用いることができる。例えば、リポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)の血清濃度が40.49μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以上である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記血清濃度が40.49μg/mL未満である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定することができる。ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテイン(LRG1)については、血清濃度が391.3μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以上である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記血清濃度が391.3μg/mL未満である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定することができる。アンジオテンシノーゲン(AGT)については、血清濃度が68.83μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以上である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記血清濃度が68.83μg/mL未満である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定することができる。レチノール結合蛋白 4(RBP4)については、血清濃度が4.575μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以下である場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記血清濃度が4.574μg/mLより高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定することができる。ただし、上記のカットオフ値は、表1の下を参照し、ROC曲線をもとに、特異度が95%の時をbest、特異度が90%の時をbetter、特異度が80%の時をgoodとして変更してもよい。
レチノール結合蛋白 4については、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記レベルが高いあるいは上昇した場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記レベルが低いあるいは上昇しない場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定することができる。本発明者らは、川崎病の急性期と回復期を比較し、回復に伴いこれらタンパク質が増加することを確認した(後述の実施例参照)。
よって、本発明の方法は、川崎病患者の病状の変化、現在の病状、予後の検査や川崎病の治療効果の確認にも利用できる。
川崎病からの回復を判断するには、後述の実施例の表1下のカットオフ値(acute vs recovery)を用いることができる。例えば、被験者が川崎病の治療を受けている患者であれば、リポ多糖結合タンパク質(LBP)について、被験者由来の検体中の血清濃度を1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記血清濃度が56.54μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以下である場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記血清濃度が56.54μg/mLより高い場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定することができる。ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテイン(LRG1)については、被験者由来の検体中の血清濃度を1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記血清濃度が369.7μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以下である場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記血清濃度が369.7μg/mLより高い場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定することができる。アンジオテンシノーゲン(AGT)については、被験者由来の検体中の血清濃度を1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記血清濃度が101.9μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以下である場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記血清濃度が101.9μg/mLより高い場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定することができる。レチノール結合蛋白 4(RBP4)については、被験者由来の検体中の血清濃度を1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記血清濃度が6.759μg/mL(特異度が95%の時の濃度)以上である場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記血清濃度が6.759μg/mLより低い場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定することができる。ただし、上記のカットオフ値は、表1の下を参照し、ROC曲線をもとに、特異度が95%の時をbest、特異度が90%の時をbetter、特異度が80%の時をgoodとして変更してもよい。
〔実施例1〕
(方法)
川崎病患者急性期55症例と回復期51症例の血清(横浜市立大学附属病院、横浜市立大学附属市民総合医療センター、神奈川県立こども医療センター、公立昭和病院より供与)を使用し、2種類のタンパク質について以下の操作を行った。
各血清0.1 μLを試料用緩衝液と混合し、95℃で5分間加熱後、15,000 rpm、室温、5分間遠心したものを試料とした。Perfect NT Gel(DRC)を用いて、300Vの定電圧で電気泳動を行い、タンパク質を分離した。電気泳動後、Perfect NT Gelからセミドライブロッティング装置(Trans-Blot Turbo System(BioRad))を使用し、PVDF膜へ転写した。転写後のPVDF膜をブロッキング溶液に浸した後、室温で1時間振盪し、ブロッキング処理を行った。ブロッキング処理を行ったPVDF膜は抗体希釈用緩衝液で希釈した抗体(Anti-LBP antibody(GeneTex)は3,000倍希釈、Anti-LRG1[EPR 12362] antibody(abcam)は5,000倍希釈)と室温で16~18時間反応させた。反応後、それぞれのPVDF膜を10分間、3回、0.05%[v/v] Tween20を含むTBS(TBS-T)で洗浄し、抗体希釈用緩衝液で、5,000倍希釈した標準抗ラビットIgG-HRPと室温で1時間反応させた。反応後、再度10分間、3回、TBS-Tで洗浄し、ECL Select Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Healthcare)を基質として用い、LAS-4000 EP UV mini PRH(富士フィルム)にて検出した。
LBPとLRG1に対する抗体を用いたWestern blot法により、これらのタンパク質が川崎病の急性期に特異的に発現しているかどうかを検証した。通常、電気泳動においても高濃度タンパク質は、他のタンパク質分離の障害となる。しかし、今回着目したLBPとLRG1は発現量も多く、特異性の高い抗体が存在したため、2つのタンパク質を検出するために用いる血清量が共に0.1 μLと少なかった。そのため、本実験では高濃度タンパク質を除去せずに、川崎病患者急性期55症例と回復期51症例の血清全てをSDS-PAGEゲルで分離し、発現量を調べた(図1, 2)。その結果、LBPとLRG1の発現量について、急性期と回復期で、共にp<0.0001と有意な差が認められた。その結果をLBPを図3にLRG1を図4に示した。
LBPは、細菌感染時に血液中に高濃度に存在するタンパク質であり[International Immunology,22:271-280,2010.]、グラム陰性菌細胞膜の構成成分であるリポ多糖(LPS)と高い親和性を持ち、複合体を形成する。このLBP-LPS複合体がマクロファージ等の細胞膜上に存在するCD14に運ばれ、Toll様受容体4に結合し[Journal of Periodontal Research,49:1-9,2014.]、シグナル伝達経路を働かせ、種々の炎症性サイトカインの分泌を促進することがわかっている。また、LBPは小児期の有熱性尿路感染症や敗血症において、発現上昇が報告されている[Pediatric Nephrology,28,1091-1097,2013.]。したがって、川崎病においても細菌等が感染し、その結果としてLBPの発現が増加した可能性が考えられた。
(方法)
川崎病患者急性期20症例と回復期20症例の血清(横浜市立大学附属病院、横浜市立大学附属市民総合医療センター、神奈川県立こども医療センター、公立昭和病院より供与)を使用し、2種類のタンパク質について以下の操作を行った。
各血清0.05 μLを試料用緩衝液と混合し、95℃で5分間加熱後、15,000 rpm、室温、5分間遠心したものを試料とした。Perfect NT Gelを用いて、300Vの定電圧で電気泳動を行い、タンパク質を分離した。電気泳動後、Perfect NT Gelからセミドライブロッティング装置(Trans-Blot Turbo System)を使用し、PVDF膜へ転写した。転写後のPVDF膜をブロッキング溶液に浸した後、室温で1時間振盪し、ブロッキング処理を行った。ブロッキング処理を行ったPVDF膜は抗体希釈用緩衝液で100倍希釈したAnti-AGT antibody(IBL)と室温で16~18時間反応させた。反応後、それぞれのPVDF膜を10分間、3回、TBS-Tで洗浄し、抗体希釈用緩衝液で、5,000倍希釈した標準抗マウスIgG-HRPと室温で1時間反応させた。反応後、再度10分間、3回、TBS-Tで洗浄し、ECL Select Western Blotting Detection Reagentを基質として用い、LAS-4000 EP UV mini PRHにて検出した。その後、得られた画像から、MultiGauge Analysis Softwareによって、バンドの強度を数値化し、得られた数値をグラフ化するとともに、GraphPad Prism(ver. 5,MDF)を用いて急性期と回復期でマンホイットニ検定を行った。
AGTに対する抗体を用いたWestern blot法により、このタンパク質が川崎病の急性期に特異的に発現しているかどうかを検証した。AGTは、LBPとLRG1同様、発現量も多く、特異性の高い抗体が存在したため、検出するために用いる血清量は0.05 μLと少なかった。そのため、本実験では高濃度タンパク質を除去せずに、川崎病患者急性期20症例と回復期20症例の血清全てをSDS-PAGEゲルで分離し、発現量を調べた(図5)。その結果、AGTの発現量について、急性期と回復期で、p<0.0006と有意な差が認められた(図6)。
AGTはアンジオテンシンの前駆体であり、レニンーアンジオテンシン系においてアンジオテンシンI、IIへと分解される。AGTは高血圧や糖尿病、慢性腎炎において増加し、高血圧および腎障害の発症と進展に関して、重要な役割を果たしていると考えられている。しかし、川崎病との関連については知られておらず、本発明で初めて得られた知見である。
(方法)
血清は、横浜市立大学付属病院、神奈川県立こども医療センター、公立昭和病院、国立感染症研究所、神戸大学附属病院、日本赤十字社和歌山医療センター、横浜市立大学付属市民総合医療センターから提供されたものである(表1上)。検体はすべて提供者からの包括同意が得られている。
・川崎病患者急性期血清 (acute):55名の患者の発熱時の血清
・川崎病患者回復期血清 (recovery):51名の患者の解熱後の血清
・ウイルス感染症患者血清 (G1):106名
(RSウイルス21 名、インフルエンザAウイルス 23名、インフルエンザBウイルス 20名、ロタウイルス 20名、ノロウイルス 7名、アデノウイルス3名、咽頭アデノウイルス12名)
・細菌感染症患者血清 (G2):21名
(肺炎球菌 1名、肺炎桿菌1名、グラム陰性桿菌 1名、グラム陰性桿菌1名、溶連菌 7名、大腸菌3名、黄色ブドウ球菌 2名、表皮ブドウ球菌1名、ミクロコッカス 1名、セラチア1名、ディフィシル菌 1名)
・自己免疫疾患患者血清 (G3):24名
(特発性血小板減少性紫斑病3名、小児リウマチ2名、GVHD (移植片対宿主病) 1名、VAHS (ウイルス関連血球貪食症候群) 1名、若年性特発性関節炎 17名)
・健常者血清 (アレルギー検査時の採血による) (Healthy):13名
血清は、川崎病患者10名 (同一患者の急性期・回復期における血清)から得られた。これらを、PBS-Tで希釈し、1ウェルあたり血清が0.1 μL含まれるよう、希釈した血清と2×試料用緩衝液と等量混合してミリQ水により総液量10 μLにした。LRG1定量解析用の試料は、95℃で5分間加熱してから用いた。その後、21,600×g、室温、5分間遠心した上清を泳動用試料とした。作製したゲルを電気泳動槽に設置し、電極液を満たした。試料を各ウェルに入れ、300 Vの定電圧で電気泳動を行い、血清中のタンパク質を分離した。
電気泳動後、転写装置を使用し、PVDF膜へ転写した。転写後のPVDF膜をブロッキング溶液に浸した後、室温で1時間振盪し、ブロッキング処理を行った。ブロッキング処理を行ったPVDF膜は、抗体希釈用緩衝液で希釈した一次抗体を16~18時間反応させた (各抗体希釈倍率は各々次の通りである。anti-LRG1 antibody:5,000倍、anti-AGT antibody:100倍、anti-RBP4 antibody:1,000倍) 。反応後、それぞれのPVDF膜を10分間、3回、TBS-Tで洗浄し、抗体希釈用緩衝液で5000倍希釈したanti-rabbit IgG-HRPまたはanti-mouse IgG-HRPと室温で1時間反応させた。反応後、再度10分間、3回、TBS-Tで洗浄し、二次標識抗体検出試薬を基質としてLAS-4000 EP UV mini PRHにて撮影を行った。バンドの強度をMultiGauge Analysis Softwareにより数値化した。
川崎病関連タンパク質LBP、LRG1、AGT、RBP4について、川崎病および川崎病以外の小児疾患患者、健常者血清中の濃度をELISA法により測定し、各群間での有意差検定を行った。川崎病患者血清 (急性期55検体、回復期51検体) 、対照群として、小児健常者血清13検体、その他の小児疾患患者血清 ( ウイルス感染症106検体、細菌感染症21検体、自己免疫疾患24検体) を用いた。血清はそれぞれ、LBPは4000倍希釈、LRG1は5000倍希釈、AGTは10000倍希釈、RBP4は2500倍希釈したものを使用した。希釈溶液、洗浄溶液、検出試薬などの試薬と反応時間等の方法は、各タンパク質のELISAキットのプロトコルに従った。
Western blot法の結果から得られた患者血清中での発現量に関する川崎病急性期と回復期間での有意差検定、およびELISA法の結果から得られた各タンパク質の血清中濃度に関する川崎病急性期と各群 (川崎病回復期、小児健常者、他の小児疾患) の 間での有意差検定は、統計解析ソフトGraph Pad Prismを用いて行った。また、川崎病バイオマーカーとしての有用性の検証のために、川崎病急性期 (55検体) と回復期 (51検体) 間および川崎病急性期と川崎病以外の他の小児疾患 (前項144検体) との間でROC解析を行い、AUCを算出した。
Western blot法による新規川崎病関連タンパク質候補の検出
血清プロテオーム解析の結果より得られた川崎病関連タンパク質候補の中から、Western blot法を用いて川崎病急性期血清中で特異的に発現量が変動するタンパク質を調べた。その結果、新たに1種類のタンパク質RBP4が急性期で血清中発現量が有意に減少していることがわかった (p < 0.002) (図7) 。
先の結果から川崎病関連タンパク質として見出したLBP、LRG1、AGTと新たに見出したRBP4について、川崎病患者血清 (急性期、回復期) と小児健常者血清、川崎病以外の小児疾患患者血清 (ウイルス感染症、細菌感染症、自己免疫疾患) を用いてELISA法により血清中タンパク質濃度を測定した(表1上)。川崎病患者および健常者の血清中の各タンパク質濃度を比較した結果、LBP、LRG1、AGT、RBP4はすべて、川崎病急性期と回復期間で血清中発現量が有意に変動していることが示された (p < 0.001) (図8) 。特に、LRG1については、全ての患者で回復に伴い減少することが確認された(図9)。また、LBP、LRG1、RBP4については、川崎病急性期患者と健常者間を比較したときにも有意な差が認められた (p < 0.001) (図9)。
また、ELISA法により川崎病以外の小児疾患患者血清中でのLBP、LRG1、AGT、RBP4の濃度を調べた (図10, 表1上)。その結果、川崎病急性期とウイルス感染症または免疫疾患患者間では、全てのタンパク質について有意な差が認められた。一方、川崎病急性期と細菌感染症間では、LRG1とRBP4については有意な差が認められたが、LBP、AGTについては有意差が認められなかった。
川崎病関連タンパク質LBP、LRG1、AGT、RBP4について、川崎病診断における疾患特異性および有用性を明らかにするため、川崎病急性期と回復期間、および川崎病急性期と他の小児疾患との間でROC曲線を作成した (図11) 。診断性能は、AUC値の大きさにより判断した。その結果、LRG1のAUCの値が、川崎病急性期と回復期との間で0.9615、川崎病急性期と他の疾患との間で0.9636であり、4種類のタンパク質の中でもLRG1が川崎病の診断、および、他の疾患との鑑別に最も優れていることが示された。また、LBPのAUC値が川崎病急性期と回復期との間で0.8966、川崎病急性期と他の疾患との間で0.8497であり、LRG1に次いでLBPが診断に有用であることが示された。
さらに、図11のデータを基に統計解析ソフトGraph Pad Prismを用いて、カットオフ値、感度及び特異度を算出した(表1下)。
カットオフ値(best);特異度が95%になるときの濃度。
カットオフ値(better);特異度が90%になるときの濃度。
カットオフ値(good);特異度が80%になるときの濃度。
感度;真に川崎病である患者を陽性であると診断する割合。
100%-特異度;川崎病以外の患者を川崎病であると誤診する割合。
レチノール結合蛋白(Retinol-binding protein:RBP)は肝臓で合成される分子量21 kDaの蛋白質で、肝臓に蓄積されているビタミンA(レチノール)を結合・分泌して標的臓器(細胞)に輸送する働きがある。RRBP4は肝臓また脂肪細胞で産生されるRBPで、血液(血漿)中に分泌されることからPlasma RBP(PRBP)とも表記される。RBP4は糖尿病やインスリン抵抗性に関与していることが指摘されており、栄養状態や肝像のタンパク質合成能を速やかに反映するマーカーとして利用されている。しかし、川崎病との関連については知られていない。
川崎病の病因は未だ不明であり、免疫系に何らかの異常が生じて病態が引き起こされている可能性が示唆されている。また、患者急性期血清中においてはCRPやSAAなどの炎症性タンパク質が過剰に存在しており、一般血液検査でも参考項目として血清中濃度が調べられる。しかし、そのような炎症性タンパク質の多くは非特異的な全身性の炎症・血管炎を反映したものであり、川崎病を特異的に鑑別するものではない。
。そのため、そのようなタンパク質以外で、他の疾患と区別することができる診断マーカーを開発することが重要である。本研究により、川崎病関連タンパク質LBP、LRG1、AGT、RBP4の患者血清中濃度を調べることにより、川崎病を特異的に診断できることが示唆された。特に、LBP、LRG1の診断性能が良好であることがわかった。川崎病の病態は非常に広範囲に渡っており、発症には多くの機序が関わっていると予想される。本研究で見いだされた4種類のタンパク質はいずれも血液中に高濃度で存在することから、これらタンパク質を指標にすることで簡便かつ精度の高い川崎病診断法の開発が可能であると考える。
Claims (8)
- リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテイン、アンジオテンシノーゲンおよびレチノール結合蛋白 4からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを測定することを含む、川崎病の検査方法。
- リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインおよびアンジオテンシノーゲンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルが高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記レベルが低い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定する請求項1記載の方法。
- レチノール結合蛋白 4について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルが低い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が高いと判定し、前記レベルが高い場合に、川崎病に罹患している可能性が低いと判定する請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験者が川崎病の治療を受けている患者であり、リポ多糖結合タンパク質、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインおよびアンジオテンシノーゲンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの成分について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記レベルが低いあるいは低下した場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記レベルが高いあるいは低下しない場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定する請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験者が川崎病の治療を受けている患者であり、レチノール結合蛋白 4について、被験者由来の検体中のレベルを1回または異なる時期に複数回測定し、前記レベルが高いあるいは上昇した場合に、治療により川崎病から回復したと判定し、前記レベルが低いあるいは上昇しない場合に、治療により川崎病から回復していない、あるいは、回復が不十分であると判定する請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験者由来の検体が、血清又は全血である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- リポ多糖結合タンパク質を特異的に検出できる試薬、ロイシンリッチα2-グリコプロテインを特異的に検出できる試薬、アンジオテンシノーゲンを特異的に検出できる試薬およびレチノール結合蛋白 4を特異的に検出できる試薬からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの試薬を含む、川崎病の検査キット。
- 試薬が抗体である請求項7記載のキット。
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WO2018030270A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 川崎病の検査方法および試験片 |
JP2019004880A (ja) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-17 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | 新生児感染症または周産期感染症の診断技術 |
TWI704349B (zh) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-09-11 | 高雄榮民總醫院 | 蛋白質生物標記用以診斷川崎症的用途 |
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KR102705469B1 (ko) * | 2022-05-30 | 2024-09-11 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 불응성 가와사키병의 감별 진단을 위한 정보 제공 방법 |
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JP2008167714A (ja) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-24 | Yokohama City Univ | 川崎病発症のリスク因子 |
US20110189698A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2011-08-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Protein Biomarkers and Methods for Diagnosing Kawasaki Disease |
WO2013101758A1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | Baylor Research Institute | Biomarkers for kawasaki disease |
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JP2008167714A (ja) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-24 | Yokohama City Univ | 川崎病発症のリスク因子 |
US20110189698A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2011-08-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Protein Biomarkers and Methods for Diagnosing Kawasaki Disease |
WO2013101758A1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | Baylor Research Institute | Biomarkers for kawasaki disease |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018030270A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 川崎病の検査方法および試験片 |
JP2019004880A (ja) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-17 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | 新生児感染症または周産期感染症の診断技術 |
JP7185895B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 | 2022-12-08 | 学校法人 岩手医科大学 | 新生児感染症または周産期感染症の診断技術 |
TWI704349B (zh) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-09-11 | 高雄榮民總醫院 | 蛋白質生物標記用以診斷川崎症的用途 |
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KR20170115039A (ko) | 2017-10-16 |
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