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WO2016097630A1 - Lightweight flexible tubular pipe for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Lightweight flexible tubular pipe for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons and method of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016097630A1
WO2016097630A1 PCT/FR2015/053593 FR2015053593W WO2016097630A1 WO 2016097630 A1 WO2016097630 A1 WO 2016097630A1 FR 2015053593 W FR2015053593 W FR 2015053593W WO 2016097630 A1 WO2016097630 A1 WO 2016097630A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mass
profile
flexible tubular
tubular pipe
manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2015/053593
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sangram Keshari MOHAPATRA
Christelle GABET
Original Assignee
Technip France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France filed Critical Technip France
Publication of WO2016097630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016097630A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/083—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire three or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of fluids used in the field of offshore oil exploitation. It relates more particularly to a flexible flexible tubular pipe for the transport of corrosive hydrocarbons, and to its manufacturing method. The present invention particularly relates to a flexible tubular pipe intended to be immersed at great depth. State of the art
  • the flexible pipes targeted by the present invention are formed of a set of different concentric and superimposed layers, and are said to be of unbonded type because these layers have a certain freedom of movement from one to the other .
  • These flexible pipes meet, among other things, the recommendations of the API 17J normative documents "Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe” published by the American Petroleum Institute.
  • the constituent layers include in particular polymeric sheaths generally providing a sealing function, and reinforcing layers for the recovery of mechanical forces and formed by windings of strip, metal son, various bands or profiles of composite materials.
  • the flexible pipes of unbound type most widely used in the offshore oil industry generally comprise, from the inside to the outside, an internal carcass consisting of a profiled stainless steel strip wound helically with a short pitch in stapled coils. to each other, said inner carcass serving mainly to prevent crushing of the flexible pipe under the effect of external pressure, an internal polymer sheath, a pressure vault made of at least one shaped metal wire stapled and rolled helically with a short pitch, said pressure vault serving to take up the radial forces related to the internal pressure, traction armor plies formed of helical windings with a long pitch of metal or composite wires, said traction armor plies being intended to take up the longitudinal forces experienced by the flexible pipe, and finally an outer sealing sheath intended to protect the seawater reinforcement layers.
  • short-pitch winding any winding having a helix angle whose absolute value is close to 90 °, in practice between 70 ° and 90 °.
  • long-pitch winding refers to any winding whose helix angle is less than or equal to 55 ° in absolute value.
  • the internal carcass allows the flexible pipe to have a collapse resistance ("collapse" in English) sufficient to withstand strong external pressures, including hydrostatic pressure when the flexible pipe is immersed at great depth ( 1000m, or 2000m, or more), or the external contact pressures experienced during handling and installation operations at sea.
  • a flexible pipe with an internal carcass is called a "rough bore". because the innermost element is the internal carcass which forms a non-smooth passage due to the gaps between the metal turns of the stapled strip.
  • the main purpose of the pressure vault is to allow the internal sealing sheath to resist without bursting at the pressure exerted by the hydrocarbons transported by the pipe, the external face of the internal sealing sheath bearing against the inner face of the the pressure vault.
  • the pressure vault also contributes to improving the crush strength of the internal carcass, in particular because it limits the possibilities of deformation of the internal carcass under the effect of the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the main function of the traction armor is to take up the longitudinal forces, especially those related to the hanging weight of the pipe when it is installed on the seabed from a laying boat located on the surface.
  • longitudinal forces especially those related to the hanging weight of the pipe when it is installed on the seabed from a laying boat located on the surface.
  • these longitudinal forces related to the hanging weight are exercised permanently.
  • the longitudinal forces related to the weight hanged during installation and / or in service can reach several hundred tons.
  • Hydrocarbons extracted from certain oil fields can be extremely corrosive. This is particularly the case for multiphase hydrocarbons having high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressures, typically at least 2 bar, and / or carbon dioxide (CO 2), typically at least 5 bar, and furthermore having a high hydrogen content. high concentration of chlorides, typically at least 50000ppm. Such fluids are generally very acidic (pH ⁇ 4.5). In addition, their temperature may exceed 90 ° C.
  • H2S hydrogen sulfide
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • concentration of chlorides typically at least 50000ppm.
  • Such fluids are generally very acidic (pH ⁇ 4.5). In addition, their temperature may exceed 90 ° C.
  • the inner casing is in direct contact with these corrosive fluids and must therefore be made of a material highly resistant to corrosion, for example a stainless steel.
  • the pressure vault and the tensile armors are isolated from these fluids by virtue of the internal sealing sheath, and are thus in a much less corrosive environment than that of the internal carcass, since only certain corrosive gases can slowly spread through the internal sealing sheath.
  • the pressure vault and the tensile armor can be made of carbon steel significantly less expensive than the stainless steel used for the internal carcass.
  • EP1066485 and EP2056007 disclose a lightened flexible pipe that can withstand corrosive hydrocarbons, in which the tensile armor and / or the pressure vault are made with a low density composite material of high mechanical strength, for example a composite material. having carbon or glass fibers. This conduct has the disadvantage of being expensive and difficult to manufacture.
  • a problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a submarine flexible pipe to be immersed at great depth, can carry highly corrosive hydrocarbons, and can still be manufactured and installed at an advantageous cost. Disclosure of the invention.
  • the solution proposed by the present invention is a flexible tubular conduit for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular conduit comprising at least one inner carcass and a polymeric sealing sheath, said inner carcass having a reinforcing metal profile wound helically.
  • This flexible tubular pipe is remarkable in that said metal reinforcement profile is made of a 100% alpha type titanium alloy.
  • the flexible tubular pipes are installed at ever-increasing depths, more than 3000 m deep at the present time, and are therefore subjected to ever greater external pressures, in particular being greater than 300 bars.
  • the flexible tubular conduits are also intended to convey highly corrosive fluids containing in particular hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
  • the carcass serves to:
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be easily formed cold and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used to generate the carcass.
  • this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, is resistant to corrosion, especially crevice corrosion, and has good mechanical properties such as yield strength, hardness, etc.
  • the titanium alloy, the UNS R52400 will preferably be chosen.
  • the reinforcing metal profile has at least one hardened portion configured to increase the yield strength of said reinforcing metal profile to greater than 370 MPa.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition: between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be easily cold-formed, even more easily than the alloys of the first and third embodiments, and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used. to generate the carcass.
  • this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, is very resistant to corrosion, especially crevice corrosion, its corrosion resistance is even better than that of the alloys of the first and third embodiments.
  • this alloy has good mechanical characteristics.
  • the titanium alloy, UNS R52250 will preferably be chosen.
  • the reinforcing metal profile comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said reinforcing metal profile to a value greater than 300 MPa.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • Ni nickel
  • N nitrogen
  • C carbon
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used to generate the carcass.
  • this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, even higher temperatures than for the alloys of the first and second embodiments.
  • this alloy is resistant to corrosion and has very good mechanical properties, even better than the mechanical properties of the alloys of the first and second embodiments.
  • the titanium alloy, the UNS R53400 will preferably be chosen.
  • the reinforcing metal profile comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said reinforcing metal profile to a value greater than 550 MPa.
  • said reinforcing metal profile is a profiled strip.
  • said metal reinforcing profile is stapled.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular pipe having the at least one internal carcass and a polymeric sealing sheath, said manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps:
  • said crude metal profile is helically wound in order to form a reinforcing metal profile, said reinforcing metal profile being a component of the internal carcass;
  • the manufacturing method is remarkable in that said raw metal profile is made of a 100% alpha type titanium alloy.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for this manufacturing process and in particular the winding or profiling steps that can be used to generate the carcass.
  • This alloy has, in addition, good resistance to crevice corrosion.
  • it will be preferentially chosen as said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R52400.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be very easily formed cold, even easier than the alloys of the first and third embodiments, and is therefore particularly suitable for this purpose. manufacturing method and in particular the winding or profiling steps that can be used to generate the carcass.
  • This alloy has, in addition, good resistance to crevice corrosion.
  • said titanium alloy is preferably UNS R52250. According to a third embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • Ni nickel
  • this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for this manufacturing process and in particular in the steps winding or profiling which can be used to generate the carcass.
  • said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R53400.
  • said raw metal profile is a strip.
  • said raw metal profile is transformed by profiling before being wound helically.
  • a work hardening is applied to said raw metal profile to transform it into said metallic reinforcement profile and that said Work hardening is applied at room temperature.
  • the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 370 MPa.
  • the elastic limits are measured at an elongation threshold of 1% (Rp 1).
  • the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 300 MPa. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a carcass capable of withstanding lasting environmental constraints such as the constraints related to the pressure and the temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing inside. flexible tubular pipe, etc.
  • the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 550 MPa.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic perspective view of a flexible tubular conduit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view in axial section of the flexible tubular pipe shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a flexible tubular pipe (1) for offshore oil exploitation, and more particularly to the transport of fluids such as, for example, oil or gas.
  • the flexible tubular pipe (1) is of the unbonded type and meets the specifications defined in the normative document API 17J.
  • This flexible tubular pipe (1) comprises at least one inner carcass (2) and a polymeric sealing sheath (3).
  • the flexible tubular pipe (1) may include, from the inside to the outside, a carcass internal casing (2), a polymeric sealing sheath (3), a pressure vault (4), tensile armor (5) and an outer polymeric sheath (6).
  • the polymeric sealing sheath (3) serves to confine the fluid flowing inside the flexible tubular pipe (1).
  • the polymeric sealing sheath (3) can be supported by the pressure vault (4).
  • the latter may be formed of a short-pitch winding of a metal wire stapled and intended to take the radial forces related to the internal pressure.
  • the tensile armor (5) can be wound with a long pitch.
  • the tensile armor (5) is intended to take up the longitudinal tensile forces to which the flexible tubular pipe (1) is subjected.
  • the latter may also comprise an outer polymeric sheath (6) surrounding and protecting the aforementioned reinforcing layers that are the pressure vault (4) and the two crossed layers of tensile armor (5).
  • the object of the invention relates in particular to the internal carcass (2), a layer whose main function is the recovery of radial forces tending to crush the flexible tubular pipe (1).
  • the inner carcass (2) generally comprises a metal reinforcing profile (7) wound helically. Winding is usually done at short pitch.
  • the metal reinforcement profile (7) can be stapled. In practice, the wound metal reinforcement profile (7) has turns, the flexible tubular pipe (1) then comprising a means for stapling said turns in pairs. As shown in FIG.
  • the means for stapling may be in the form of a first part of the reinforcing metal profile (7) curved and configured to engage in a second part of said metal profile which is also bent, engagement being achieved when these two said parts are arranged vis-à-vis during the winding.
  • the metal reinforcing profile (7) is in practice stapled during the winding step, that is to say that the adjacent turns of said metal reinforcing profile are stapled during the winding step.
  • the latter consists of a simple profiled strip.
  • This strip is generally S-shaped, stapled with spiral turn, as described in the document FR2654795 and that illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the metal reinforcing profile (7) is precisely this profile strip S-shaped.
  • the reinforcing metal profile (7) is made of a titanium alloy.
  • various phases of titanium alloys that are:
  • the alpha phase comprising a hexagonal crystallographic structure
  • the beta phase comprising a centered cubic crystallographic structure; and the gamma phase or titanium hydrides of composition approximately from a quadratic TiH crystallographic structure, to a cubic centered cubic stoichiometric crystallographic structure.
  • the titanium alloy is of 100% alpha type, that is to say comprising 100% of alpha phase.
  • the flexible tubular pipe (1) is implemented by a manufacturing method in which:
  • said crude metal profile is helically wound to form a reinforcing metal profile (7), said reinforcing metal profile (7) being a component of the internal carcass (2);
  • a polymeric sealing sheath (3) is extruded around said inner carcass (2).
  • the method may comprise a hardening step applied to said raw metal profile to transform it into a metal reinforcing profile (7) which will be explained in more detail in the following description.
  • this hardening can be applied at room temperature.
  • ambient temperature is meant the temperature that prevails in the environment in which the operation takes place and which may vary from one place to another.
  • the ambient temperature preferably 25 ° C can vary from -15 ° C to 45 ° C, or even more, depending on the latitude and to a lesser extent, the longitude at which one is, or depending on the season, etc.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R52400.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • said titanium alloy is preferably UNS R52250.
  • the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • Ni nickel
  • said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R53400.
  • a line has been studied in which the titanium alloy has the following composition:
  • V vanadium
  • this alloy of alpha-beta type and having a hexagonal compact crystallographic structure and compact cubic centered, has mechanical characteristics superior to those of previously described alloys. Nevertheless, it has a lower corrosion resistance and is only suitable for environments with low corrosion.
  • said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R56320.
  • the profiling and spiraling steps for transforming a raw strip into an internal carcass (2) are carried out at ambient temperature.
  • the strip then undergoes a cold work hardening which has the beneficial effect of increasing its yield strength.
  • cold means, the fact that the material is bent at room temperature without external heat input.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the phenomenon of heterogeneity of hardness and hardening. It represents in partial axial section an inner carcass (2) coated on its outer face with a polymeric sealing sheath (3).
  • This internal carcass (2) comprises a metal reinforcing profile (7) which is in this case an S-shaped profiled strip.
  • a strip is understood to mean a thin and flat profile of great length, typically having a width at least 15 times. greater than its thickness.
  • the raw strip is converted into S-shaped strip by a machine called profileuse which uses several pairs of shaped rollers to gradually and continuously give the strip the desired geometry.
  • the profileuse is generally embedded directly on a rotating machine called spiral, so that the profiled strip is directly wound and stapled to form the inner carcass (2).
  • the raw strip alloy UNS R52400 of the first embodiment respectively UNS R52250 of the second embodiment, and UNS R53400 of the third embodiment, has before profiling an elastic limit of the order of 270 MPa, respectively 200 MPa and 370 MPa.
  • the metal reinforcement profile comprises at least one work-hardened portion, the latter being configured to increase the elastic limit. More particularly, the profiled and stapled strip, seen in longitudinal section, has flat portions, in particular the parts (10, 13) which have been weakly machined.
  • the strip has undergone strong deformations in the folding zones of the S, namely the two lateral flanks (1 1, 14) and the central part (15), as well as in the area of the support hook (12). ).
  • the elastic limit of the reinforcing metal profile (7) that is to say the average elastic limit of the profiled strip, measured parallel to the last axis, can increase up to a value greater than 370 MPa respectively 300 MPa and 550 MPa.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention seeks to provide a flexible pipe comprising an internal carcass that is lightweight, but also able to withstand highly corrosive environments, having high resistance to crashing, yet which can be manufactured and installed at an advantageous cost. The solution proposed by the invention is a flexible tubular pipe (1) comprising at least an internal carcass (2) and a polymer sealing liner (3), said internal carcass comprising a metal reinforcing profile (7) wound in a helix; furthermore, said flexible tubular pipe (1) is notable in that said reinforcing metal profile (7) is made of titanium alloy.

Description

CONDUITE TUBULAIRE FLEXIBLE LEGERE POUR LE TRANSPORT D'HYDROCARBURES CORROSIFS ET SON PROCEDE DE FABRICATION-  LIGHT FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CORROSIVE HYDROCARBONS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
DESCRIPTION. DESCRIPTION.
Domaine technique de l'invention. Technical Field of the Invention
La présente invention concerne une conduite tubulaire flexible pour le transport de fluides utilisée dans le domaine de l'exploitation pétrolière en mer. Elle concerne plus particulièrement une conduite tubulaire flexible légère pour le transport d'hydrocarbures corrosifs, et son procédé de fabrication. La présente invention concerne notamment une conduite tubulaire flexible destinée à être immergée à grande profondeur. Etat de la technique. The present invention relates to a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of fluids used in the field of offshore oil exploitation. It relates more particularly to a flexible flexible tubular pipe for the transport of corrosive hydrocarbons, and to its manufacturing method. The present invention particularly relates to a flexible tubular pipe intended to be immersed at great depth. State of the art
Les conduites flexibles visées par la présente invention sont formées d'un ensemble de différentes couches concentriques et superposées, et sont dites de type non lié (« unbonded » en anglais) car ces couches présentent une certaine liberté de déplacement des unes par rapport aux autres. Ces conduites flexibles satisfont entre autres aux recommandations des documents normatifs API 17J « Spécification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe » publiées par l'American Petroleum Institute. Les couches constitutives comprennent notamment des gaines polymériques assurant généralement une fonction d'étanchéité, et des couches de renfort destinées à la reprise des efforts mécaniques et formées par des enroulements de feuillard, de fils métalliques, de bandes diverses ou de profilés en matériaux composites. The flexible pipes targeted by the present invention are formed of a set of different concentric and superimposed layers, and are said to be of unbonded type because these layers have a certain freedom of movement from one to the other . These flexible pipes meet, among other things, the recommendations of the API 17J normative documents "Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe" published by the American Petroleum Institute. The constituent layers include in particular polymeric sheaths generally providing a sealing function, and reinforcing layers for the recovery of mechanical forces and formed by windings of strip, metal son, various bands or profiles of composite materials.
Les conduites flexibles de type non lié les plus utilisées dans l'industrie pétrolière offshore comprennent généralement, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, une carcasse interne constituée d'un feuillard en acier inoxydable profilé et enroulé hélicoïdalement à pas court en spires agrafées les unes aux autres, ladite carcasse interne servant principalement à empêcher l'écrasement de la conduite flexible sous l'effet de la pression externe, une gaine d'étanchéité interne en polymère, une voûte de pression constituée d'au moins un fil métallique de forme agrafé et enroulé hélicoïdalement à pas court, ladite voûte de pression servant à reprendre les efforts radiaux liés à la pression interne, des nappes d'armures de traction formées d'enroulements hélicoïdaux à pas long de fils métalliques ou composites, lesdites nappes d'armures de traction étant destinées à reprendre les efforts longitudinaux que subit la conduite flexible, et enfin une gaine externe d'étanchéité destinée à protéger de l'eau de mer les couches de renfort. Dans la présente demande, on entend par enroulement à pas court tout enroulement ayant un angle d'hélice dont la valeur absolue est proche de 90 °, en pratique compris entre 70° et 90 °. Le terme enroulement à pas long désigne quant à lui tout enroulement dont l'angle d'hélice est inférieur ou égal, en valeur absolue, à 55°. The flexible pipes of unbound type most widely used in the offshore oil industry generally comprise, from the inside to the outside, an internal carcass consisting of a profiled stainless steel strip wound helically with a short pitch in stapled coils. to each other, said inner carcass serving mainly to prevent crushing of the flexible pipe under the effect of external pressure, an internal polymer sheath, a pressure vault made of at least one shaped metal wire stapled and rolled helically with a short pitch, said pressure vault serving to take up the radial forces related to the internal pressure, traction armor plies formed of helical windings with a long pitch of metal or composite wires, said traction armor plies being intended to take up the longitudinal forces experienced by the flexible pipe, and finally an outer sealing sheath intended to protect the seawater reinforcement layers. In the present application, by short-pitch winding is meant any winding having a helix angle whose absolute value is close to 90 °, in practice between 70 ° and 90 °. The term "long-pitch winding" refers to any winding whose helix angle is less than or equal to 55 ° in absolute value.
La carcasse interne permet à la conduite flexible d'avoir une résistance à l'écrasement (« collapse » en anglais) suffisante pour lui permettre de résister à de fortes pressions externes, notamment la pression hydrostatique lorsque la conduite flexible est immergée à grande profondeur (1000m, voire 2000m, ou plus), ou encore les pressions externes de contact subies pendant les opérations de manutention et d'installation en mer. Une conduite flexible comportant une carcasse interne est dite à passage non lisse (« rough bore » en anglais) car l'élément le plus intérieur est la carcasse interne qui forme un passage non lisse en raison des déjoints entre les spires métalliques du feuillard agrafé.  The internal carcass allows the flexible pipe to have a collapse resistance ("collapse" in English) sufficient to withstand strong external pressures, including hydrostatic pressure when the flexible pipe is immersed at great depth ( 1000m, or 2000m, or more), or the external contact pressures experienced during handling and installation operations at sea. A flexible pipe with an internal carcass is called a "rough bore". because the innermost element is the internal carcass which forms a non-smooth passage due to the gaps between the metal turns of the stapled strip.
La voûte de pression a pour fonction principale de permettre à la gaine d'étanchéité interne de résister sans éclater à la pression exercée par les hydrocarbures transportés par la conduite, la face externe de la gaine interne d'étanchéité prenant appui contre la face interne de la voûte de pression . La voûte de pression contribue aussi à améliorer la résistance à l'écrasement de la carcasse interne, notamment car elle limite les possibilités de déformation de la carcasse interne sous l'effet de la pression hydrostatique.  The main purpose of the pressure vault is to allow the internal sealing sheath to resist without bursting at the pressure exerted by the hydrocarbons transported by the pipe, the external face of the internal sealing sheath bearing against the inner face of the the pressure vault. The pressure vault also contributes to improving the crush strength of the internal carcass, in particular because it limits the possibilities of deformation of the internal carcass under the effect of the hydrostatic pressure.
La fonction principale des armures de traction est de reprendre les efforts longitudinaux, notamment ceux liés au poids pendu de la conduite lorsque celle-ci est installée sur le fond marin à partir d'un bateau de pose situé à la surface. Dans le cas d'une conduite montante (« riser » en anglais) reliant de façon permanente une installation posée sur le fond marin à un équipement flottant à la surface, ces efforts longitudinaux liés au poids pendu sont exercés en permanence. Lorsque la conduite est immergée à grande profondeur, les efforts longitudinaux liés au poids pendu lors de l'installation et/ou en service peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de tonnes. The main function of the traction armor is to take up the longitudinal forces, especially those related to the hanging weight of the pipe when it is installed on the seabed from a laying boat located on the surface. In the case of a rising pipe ("riser" in English) permanently connecting a plant placed on the seabed to a floating equipment on the surface, these longitudinal forces related to the hanging weight are exercised permanently. When the pipe is immersed at great depth, the longitudinal forces related to the weight hanged during installation and / or in service can reach several hundred tons.
Les hydrocarbures extraits de certains champs pétroliers peuvent être extrêmement corrosifs. C'est le cas en particulier des hydrocarbures polyphasiques comportant de fortes pressions partielles en hydrogène sulfuré (H2S), typiquement au moins 2 bar, et/ou en dioxyde de carbone (C02), typiquement au moins 5 bar, et présentant en outre une forte concentration en chlorures, typiquement au moins 50000ppm. De tels fluides sont généralement très acides (pH < 4,5). En outre, leur température peut excéder 90 °C.  Hydrocarbons extracted from certain oil fields can be extremely corrosive. This is particularly the case for multiphase hydrocarbons having high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressures, typically at least 2 bar, and / or carbon dioxide (CO 2), typically at least 5 bar, and furthermore having a high hydrogen content. high concentration of chlorides, typically at least 50000ppm. Such fluids are generally very acidic (pH <4.5). In addition, their temperature may exceed 90 ° C.
La carcasse interne est en contact direct avec ces fluides corrosifs et doit donc être réalisée dans un matériau très résistant à la corrosion, par exemple un acier inoxydable. Par contre, la voûte de pression et les armures de traction sont isolées de ces fluides grâce à la gaine interne d'étanchéité, et se trouvent donc dans un environnement nettement moins corrosif que celui de la carcasse interne, car seuls certains gaz corrosifs peuvent lentement diffuser à travers la gaine interne d'étanchéité. Par suite, la voûte de pression et les armures de traction peuvent être réalisées en acier au carbone nettement moins coûteux que l'acier inoxydable utilisé pour la carcasse interne. Pour les applications à grande profondeur, il est souhaitable de limiter le poids de la conduite flexible. Cette réduction de poids permet entre autres de faciliter l'installation en mer, d'atteindre des profondeurs d'eau plus importantes et de réduire les coûts d'installation.  The inner casing is in direct contact with these corrosive fluids and must therefore be made of a material highly resistant to corrosion, for example a stainless steel. On the other hand, the pressure vault and the tensile armors are isolated from these fluids by virtue of the internal sealing sheath, and are thus in a much less corrosive environment than that of the internal carcass, since only certain corrosive gases can slowly spread through the internal sealing sheath. As a result, the pressure vault and the tensile armor can be made of carbon steel significantly less expensive than the stainless steel used for the internal carcass. For deep applications, it is desirable to limit the weight of the flexible pipe. This reduction in weight makes it possible, among other things, to facilitate installation at sea, to achieve greater water depths and to reduce installation costs.
Les documents EP1066485 et EP2056007 divulguent une conduite flexible allégée pouvant résister à des hydrocarbures corrosifs, dans laquelle les armures de traction et/ou la voûte de pression sont réalisées avec un matériau composite de faible densité et de forte résistance mécanique, par exemple un matériau composite comportant des fibres de carbone ou de verre. Cette conduite présente l'inconvénient d'être coûteuse et difficile à fabriquer.  The documents EP1066485 and EP2056007 disclose a lightened flexible pipe that can withstand corrosive hydrocarbons, in which the tensile armor and / or the pressure vault are made with a low density composite material of high mechanical strength, for example a composite material. having carbon or glass fibers. This conduct has the disadvantage of being expensive and difficult to manufacture.
Ainsi, un problème que se propose de résoudre la présente invention est de mettre au point une conduite flexible sous-marine destinée à être immergée à grande profondeur, pouvant transporter des hydrocarbures fortement corrosifs, et pouvant encore être fabriquée et installée à un coût avantageux. Divulgation de l'invention. Thus, a problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a submarine flexible pipe to be immersed at great depth, can carry highly corrosive hydrocarbons, and can still be manufactured and installed at an advantageous cost. Disclosure of the invention.
La solution proposée par la présente invention est une conduite tubulaire flexible pour le transport de fluides dans le domaine de l'exploitation pétrolière offshore, ladite conduite tubulaire flexible comportant au moins une carcasse interne et une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité, ladite carcasse interne comportant un profil métallique de renfort enroulé en hélice. Cette conduite tubulaire flexible est remarquable en ce que ledit profil métallique de renfort est réalisé en un alliage de titane de type 100% alpha. The solution proposed by the present invention is a flexible tubular conduit for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular conduit comprising at least one inner carcass and a polymeric sealing sheath, said inner carcass having a reinforcing metal profile wound helically. This flexible tubular pipe is remarkable in that said metal reinforcement profile is made of a 100% alpha type titanium alloy.
Ainsi, le titane ayant une masse volumique de l'ordre de 4500 kg/m3, grandement inférieure à la masse volumique de 8000kg/m3 que présentent les aciers inoxydables utilisés actuellement la carcasse interne s'en trouve nettement allégée. Il est à observer, que les conduites tubulaires flexibles sont installées à des profondeurs toujours plus grandes, plus de 3000 m de profondeur à l'heure actuelle, et sont donc soumises à des pressions extérieures toujours plus importantes, en particulier pouvant être supérieure à 300 bars. Les conduites tubulaires flexibles sont également destinées à véhiculer des fluides très corrosifs contenant notamment sulfures d'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone. Parmi les éléments constitutifs de la conduite flexible, la carcasse a pour fonction : Thus, titanium having a density of the order of 4500 kg / m 3 , much lower than the density of 8000 kg / m 3 that present stainless steels currently used the internal carcass is significantly lightened. It should be noted that the flexible tubular pipes are installed at ever-increasing depths, more than 3000 m deep at the present time, and are therefore subjected to ever greater external pressures, in particular being greater than 300 bars. The flexible tubular conduits are also intended to convey highly corrosive fluids containing in particular hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Among the constituent elements of the flexible pipe, the carcass serves to:
- à la fois de reprendre les efforts de pression extérieure afin d'éviter l'écrasement de ladite conduite flexible sous l'effet desdits efforts de pression, et  - both to resume the external pressure forces to prevent crushing of said flexible pipe under the effect of said pressure forces, and
- à la fois de résister à la corrosion des fluides circulant dans la conduite flexible puisque ladite carcasse est directement en contact avec lesdits fluides.  both to resist corrosion of the fluids circulating in the flexible pipe since said carcass is directly in contact with said fluids.
Dès lors, l'homme du métier qui aurait été amené à alléger la conduite tubulaire flexible aurait été réticent à modifier le matériau de la carcasse par crainte de dégrader de façon excessive les caractéristiques mécaniques et notamment la résistance à la corrosion d'un élément clé de ladite conduite flexible. De la sorte, l'homme du métier se serait intéressé à l'allégement de la voûte de pression ou des armures comme décrit dans le document EP2056007.De ce fait, en modifiant le matériau de la carcasse l'homme du métier a vaincu un préjugé et a fourni une solution qui bien qu'apparemment coûteuse et difficile à mettre en œuvre s'avère particulièrement adaptée à l'allégement de la conduite tubulaire flexible tout en conservant des caractéristiques mécaniques suffisantes pour que ladite carcasse remplisse ses fonctions de reprise de pression extérieure et de résistance à la corrosion. A performance égale, le gain en poids, par rapport aux carcasses conventionnelles en acier, est en moyenne de 20% à 30%. Therefore, a person skilled in the art who would have had to lighten the flexible tubular pipe would have been reluctant to modify the material of the carcass for fear of excessively degrading the mechanical characteristics and in particular the corrosion resistance of a key element of said flexible pipe. In this way, a person skilled in the art would have been interested in lightening the pressure vault or the armor as described in document EP2056007.For this fact, by modifying the carcass material, the person skilled in the art has overcome a prejudices and provided a solution that, while seemingly costly and difficult to implement, is particularly suitable for lightening the flexible tubular retaining sufficient mechanical characteristics for said carcass to fulfill its functions of external pressure recovery and corrosion resistance. At equal performance, the weight gain, compared to conventional steel carcasses, is on average 20% to 30%.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : According to a first embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O), - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti). the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être facilement formé à froid et est donc particulièrement adapté au procédé de profilage employé pour générer la carcasse. En outre cet alliage peut supporter de grandes températures de service, résiste bien à la corrosion, notamment la corrosion caverneuse, et possède de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques tels que la limite élastique, la dureté, etc. En particulier, on choisira préférentiellement comme alliage de titane, le UNS R52400. Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention permettant à la carcasse de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales telles que les contraintes liés à la pression et la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc., le profil métallique de renfort comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort à une valeur supérieure à 370 MPa. Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be easily formed cold and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used to generate the carcass. In addition, this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, is resistant to corrosion, especially crevice corrosion, and has good mechanical properties such as yield strength, hardness, etc. In particular, the titanium alloy, the UNS R52400, will preferably be chosen. According to another advantageous characteristic of the first embodiment of the invention allowing the carcass to withstand durably environmental stresses such as the constraints related to the pressure and the temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid. flowing within the flexible tubular conduit, etc., the reinforcing metal profile has at least one hardened portion configured to increase the yield strength of said reinforcing metal profile to greater than 370 MPa.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : - entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd), According to a second embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition: between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,20% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.20% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,18% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.18% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être facilement formé à froid, encore plus facilement que les alliages des premier et troisième modes de réalisation, et est donc particulièrement adapté au procédé de profilage employé pour générer la carcasse. En outre cet alliage peut supporter de grandes températures de service, résiste très bien à la corrosion, notamment la corrosion caverneuse, sa résistance à la corrosion étant encore meilleure que celle des alliages des premiers et troisième modes de réalisation. Egalement cet alliage possède de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques. En particulier, on choisira préférentiellement comme alliage de titane, le UNS R52250. Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse du deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention permettant à la carcasse de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales (liés à pression et la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc.), le profil métallique de renfort comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort à une valeur supérieure à 300 MPa.  Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be easily cold-formed, even more easily than the alloys of the first and third embodiments, and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used. to generate the carcass. In addition, this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, is very resistant to corrosion, especially crevice corrosion, its corrosion resistance is even better than that of the alloys of the first and third embodiments. Also this alloy has good mechanical characteristics. In particular, the titanium alloy, UNS R52250, will preferably be chosen. According to another advantageous characteristic of the second embodiment of the invention allowing the carcass to withstand durably the environmental stresses (related to pressure and the temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing to the inside the flexible tubular conduit, etc.), the reinforcing metal profile comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said reinforcing metal profile to a value greater than 300 MPa.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane à pour composition : According to a third embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,60% et 0,90% en masse de nickel (Ni), between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight of nickel (Ni),
- entre 0,20% et 0,40% en masse de molybdène (Mo),  between 0.20% and 0.40% by weight of molybdenum (Mo),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,03% en masse d'azote (N), - au plus 0,08% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0,03% by mass of nitrogen (N), - not more than 0.08% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être facilement formé à froid, et est donc particulièrement adapté au procédé de profilage employé pour générer la carcasse. En outre, cet alliage peut supporter de grandes températures de service, des températures encore plus grandes que pour les alliages des premier et second modes de réalisation. Egalement, cet alliage résiste bien à la corrosion et possède de très bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques, encore meilleures que les caractéristiques mécaniques des alliages des premier et second modes de réalisation. En particulier, on choisira préférentiellement comme alliage de titane, le UNS R53400.  Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for the profiling process used to generate the carcass. In addition, this alloy can withstand high service temperatures, even higher temperatures than for the alloys of the first and second embodiments. Also, this alloy is resistant to corrosion and has very good mechanical properties, even better than the mechanical properties of the alloys of the first and second embodiments. In particular, the titanium alloy, the UNS R53400, will preferably be chosen.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse du troisième mode de réalisation permettant à la carcasse de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales telles que les contraintes liés à la pression et à la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc., le profil métallique de renfort comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort à une valeur supérieure à 550 MPa. According to another advantageous characteristic of the third embodiment allowing the carcass to withstand durably environmental stresses such as the constraints related to the pressure and the temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing to inside the flexible tubular conduit, etc., the reinforcing metal profile comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said reinforcing metal profile to a value greater than 550 MPa.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant de générer une carcasse en titane selon les procédés habituellement employés pour les aciers, ledit profil métallique de renfort est un feuillard profilé. According to yet another advantageous feature of the invention making it possible to generate a titanium carcass according to the methods usually employed for steels, said reinforcing metal profile is a profiled strip.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant de conserver une cohésion de la carcasse dans ses mouvements de flexion et de torsion, ledit profil métallique de renfort est agrafé. According to yet another advantageous feature of the invention for maintaining a cohesion of the carcass in its bending and twisting movements, said metal reinforcing profile is stapled.
Un autre aspect de l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible pour le transport de fluides dans le domaine de l'exploitation pétrolière offshore, ladite conduite tubulaire flexible comportant au moins une carcasse interne et une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité, ledit procédé de fabrication comportant au moins les étapes suivantes: Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular pipe having the at least one internal carcass and a polymeric sealing sheath, said manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps:
- on fournit un profil métallique brut de grande longueur;  a crude metal profile of great length is provided;
- on enroule hélicoïdalement ledit profil métallique brut pour former un profil métallique de renfort, ledit profil métallique de renfort étant un composant de la carcasse interne ;  said crude metal profile is helically wound in order to form a reinforcing metal profile, said reinforcing metal profile being a component of the internal carcass;
- on extrude une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité autour de ladite carcasse interne.  - Extruding a polymeric sheath sealing around said inner carcass.
Le procédé de fabrication est remarquable en ce que ledit profil métallique brut est réalisé en un alliage de titane de type 100% alpha.  The manufacturing method is remarkable in that said raw metal profile is made of a 100% alpha type titanium alloy.
Ainsi, le titane ayant une masse volumique de l'ordre de 4500 kg/m3, grandement inférieure à la masse volumique de 8000kg/m3 des aciers inoxydables, ce procédé de fabrication permet de générer une carcasse interne nettement plus légère que les carcasses existantes tout en conservant des caractéristiques mécaniques convenables. Thus, titanium having a density of the order of 4500 kg / m 3 , much lower than the density of 8000 kg / m 3 of stainless steels, this manufacturing method makes it possible to generate an internal carcass significantly lighter than the carcasses existing while retaining adequate mechanical characteristics.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : According to a first embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe), - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés, - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être facilement formé à froid, et est donc particulièrement adapté à ce procédé de fabrication et notamment aux étapes d'enroulage ou de profilage qui peuvent être employées pour générer la carcasse. Cet alliage possède, en outre, une bonne résistance à la corrosion caverneuse. En particulier, on choisira préférentiellement comme ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R52400. Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for this manufacturing process and in particular the winding or profiling steps that can be used to generate the carcass. This alloy has, in addition, good resistance to crevice corrosion. In particular, it will be preferentially chosen as said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R52400. According to a second embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,20% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.20% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,18% en masse d'oxygène (O), - not more than 0.18% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti). the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être très facilement formé à froid, de manière encore plus facile que les alliages des premier et troisième modes de réalisation, et est donc particulièrement adapté à ce procédé de fabrication et notamment aux étapes d'enroulage ou de profilage qui peuvent être employées pour générer la carcasse. Cet alliage possède, en outre, une bonne résistance à la corrosion caverneuse. En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R52250. Selon un troisième mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, l'alliage de titane à pour composition :  Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be very easily formed cold, even easier than the alloys of the first and third embodiments, and is therefore particularly suitable for this purpose. manufacturing method and in particular the winding or profiling steps that can be used to generate the carcass. This alloy has, in addition, good resistance to crevice corrosion. In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably UNS R52250. According to a third embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,60% et 0,90% en masse de nickel (Ni),  between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight of nickel (Ni),
- entre 0,20% et 0,40% en masse de molybdène (Mo),  between 0.20% and 0.40% by weight of molybdenum (Mo),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O), - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,03% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0,03% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,08% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0.08% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti). the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type 100% alpha, et comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale compacte, peut être facilement formé à froid, et est donc particulièrement adapté à ce procédé de fabrication et notamment aux étapes d'enroulage ou de profilage qui peuvent être employées pour générer la carcasse. En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R53400. Indeed, this alloy of 100% alpha type, and having a compact hexagonal crystallographic structure, can be easily formed cold, and is therefore particularly suitable for this manufacturing process and in particular in the steps winding or profiling which can be used to generate the carcass. In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R53400.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant de générer une carcasse en titane selon les procédés habituellement employés pour les aciers, ledit profil métallique brut est un feuillard. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to generate a titanium carcass according to the methods usually employed for steels, said raw metal profile is a strip.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant d'écrouir le profil métallique, ledit profil métallique brut est transformé par profilage avant d'être enroulé hélicoïdalement. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention enabling the metal profile to be hardened, said raw metal profile is transformed by profiling before being wound helically.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant de facilement agrafer le profil métallique de manière à obtenir une carcasse dont la cohésion est conservée dans ses mouvements de flexion et de torsion, ledit profil métallique brut est agrafé pendant l'étape d'enroulement hélicoïdal. According to yet another advantageous feature of the invention for easily stapling the metal profile so as to obtain a carcass whose cohesion is retained in its bending and twisting movements, said raw metal profile is stapled during the winding step helical.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention permettant d'augmenter la limite élastique, et la dureté en surface, de la carcasse, un écrouissage est appliqué audit profil métallique brut pour le transformer en ledit profil métallique de renfort et en ce que ledit écrouissage est appliqué à température ambiante. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to increase the elastic limit, and the surface hardness, of the carcass, a work hardening is applied to said raw metal profile to transform it into said metallic reinforcement profile and that said Work hardening is applied at room temperature.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse du premier mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort est supérieure à 370 MPa. Ainsi, il est possible de fabriquer une carcasse capable de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales telles que les contraintes liés à la pression et à la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the first embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 370 MPa. Thus, it is possible to manufacture a carcass capable of withstanding lasting environmental constraints such as the constraints related to the pressure and temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing inside the flexible tubular pipe, etc.
Dans la présente demande, et faute d'indication contraire, les limites élastiques sont mesurées à un seuil d'allongement de 1 % (Rp 1 ). Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse du deuxième mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort est supérieure à 300 MPa. Dès lors, il est possible de fabriquer une carcasse capable de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales telles que les contraintes liées à la pression et à la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc. In the present application, and unless otherwise indicated, the elastic limits are measured at an elongation threshold of 1% (Rp 1). According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the second embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 300 MPa. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a carcass capable of withstanding lasting environmental constraints such as the constraints related to the pressure and the temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing inside. flexible tubular pipe, etc.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique avantageuse du troisième mode de réalisation du procédé objet de l'invention, la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort est supérieure à 550 MPa. De ce fait, il est possible de fabriquer une carcasse capable de résister durablement aux contraintes environnementales telles que les contraintes liées à la pression et à la température de l'eau, à la pression et à la température du fluide s'écoulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible, etc. Description des figures. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the third embodiment of the method which is the subject of the invention, the elastic limit of said metallic reinforcement profile is greater than 550 MPa. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a carcass that can withstand durably environmental stresses such as the constraints related to the pressure and temperature of the water, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid flowing to the inside the flexible tubular pipe, etc. Description of the figures.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la Figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'une conduite tubulaire flexible conforme à l'invention ; et,  - Figure 1 is a partial schematic perspective view of a flexible tubular conduit according to the invention; and,
- la Figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe axiale de la conduite tubulaire flexible illustrée sur la Figure 1 .  - Figure 2 is a partial schematic view in axial section of the flexible tubular pipe shown in Figure 1.
Modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention
La Figure 1 illustre une conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) destinée à l'exploitation pétrolière offshore, et plus particulièrement au transport de fluides tels que, par exemple, du pétrole ou du gaz. La conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) est du type non lié (« unbonded » en anglais) et répond aux spécifications définies dans le document normatif API 17J. Cette conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) comporte au moins une carcasse interne (2) et une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3). La conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) peut notamment comporter, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, une carcasse interne (2), une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3), une voûte de pression (4), des armures de traction (5) et une gaine polymérique externe (6). La gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3) a pour fonction de confiner le fluide circulant à l'intérieur de la conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ). Afin de pouvoir résister à la pression interne, la gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3) peut être soutenue par la voûte de pression (4). Cette dernière peut être formée d'un enroulement à pas court d'un fil de forme métallique agrafé et destiné à reprendre les efforts radiaux liés à la pression interne. Autour de la voûte de pression (4), deux nappes croisées d'armures de traction (5) peuvent être enroulées à pas long. Les armures de traction (5) sont destinées à reprendre les efforts longitudinaux de traction auxquels est soumise la conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ). Cette dernière peut également comporter une gaine polymérique externe (6) entourant et protégeant les couches de renfort précitées que sont la voûte de pression (4) et les deux nappes croisées d'armures de traction (5). L'objet de l'invention porte notamment sur la carcasse interne (2), couche dont la fonction principale est la reprise des efforts radiaux tendant à écraser la conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ). La carcasse interne (2) comporte généralement un profil métallique de renfort (7) enroulé en hélice. L'enroulement est habituellement effectué à pas court. Le profil métallique de renfort (7) peut être agrafé. En pratique, le profil métallique de renfort (7) enroulé présente des spires, la conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) comprenant alors un moyen pour agrafer deux à deux lesdites spires. Comme représenté à la figure 2, le moyen pour agrafer peut se présenter sous la forme d'une première partie du profil métallique de renfort (7) recourbée et configurée pour s'engager dans une deuxième partie dudit profil métallique de renfort également recourbée, l'engagement étant réalisé lorsque ces deux dites parties sont agencées en vis-à-vis au cours de l'enroulage. En effet, le profil métallique de renfort (7) est en pratique agrafé pendant l'étape d'enroulement, c'est- à-dire que les spires adjacentes dudit profil métallique de renfort sont agrafées pendant l'étape d'enroulement. Figure 1 illustrates a flexible tubular pipe (1) for offshore oil exploitation, and more particularly to the transport of fluids such as, for example, oil or gas. The flexible tubular pipe (1) is of the unbonded type and meets the specifications defined in the normative document API 17J. This flexible tubular pipe (1) comprises at least one inner carcass (2) and a polymeric sealing sheath (3). The flexible tubular pipe (1) may include, from the inside to the outside, a carcass internal casing (2), a polymeric sealing sheath (3), a pressure vault (4), tensile armor (5) and an outer polymeric sheath (6). The polymeric sealing sheath (3) serves to confine the fluid flowing inside the flexible tubular pipe (1). In order to be able to withstand the internal pressure, the polymeric sealing sheath (3) can be supported by the pressure vault (4). The latter may be formed of a short-pitch winding of a metal wire stapled and intended to take the radial forces related to the internal pressure. Around the pressure vault (4), two crossed layers of tensile armor (5) can be wound with a long pitch. The tensile armor (5) is intended to take up the longitudinal tensile forces to which the flexible tubular pipe (1) is subjected. The latter may also comprise an outer polymeric sheath (6) surrounding and protecting the aforementioned reinforcing layers that are the pressure vault (4) and the two crossed layers of tensile armor (5). The object of the invention relates in particular to the internal carcass (2), a layer whose main function is the recovery of radial forces tending to crush the flexible tubular pipe (1). The inner carcass (2) generally comprises a metal reinforcing profile (7) wound helically. Winding is usually done at short pitch. The metal reinforcement profile (7) can be stapled. In practice, the wound metal reinforcement profile (7) has turns, the flexible tubular pipe (1) then comprising a means for stapling said turns in pairs. As shown in FIG. 2, the means for stapling may be in the form of a first part of the reinforcing metal profile (7) curved and configured to engage in a second part of said metal profile which is also bent, engagement being achieved when these two said parts are arranged vis-à-vis during the winding. Indeed, the metal reinforcing profile (7) is in practice stapled during the winding step, that is to say that the adjacent turns of said metal reinforcing profile are stapled during the winding step.
Selon un mode préféré de réalisation de la carcasse interne (2), cette dernière est constituée d'un simple feuillard profilé. Ce feuillard est généralement profilé en forme de S, agrafé de spire en spire, tel que décrit dans le document FR2654795 et qu'illustré à la Figure 2. Dans ce cas, le profil métallique de renfort (7) est précisément ce feuillard profilé en forme de S. According to a preferred embodiment of the inner carcass (2), the latter consists of a simple profiled strip. This strip is generally S-shaped, stapled with spiral turn, as described in the document FR2654795 and that illustrated in Figure 2. In this case, the metal reinforcing profile (7) is precisely this profile strip S-shaped.
Un aspect innovant de l'invention réside dans le fait que le profil métallique de renfort (7) est réalisé en un alliage de titane. Il existe diverses phases des alliages de titane qui sont : An innovative aspect of the invention lies in the fact that the reinforcing metal profile (7) is made of a titanium alloy. There are various phases of titanium alloys that are:
- la phase alpha comportant une structure cristallographique hexagonale  the alpha phase comprising a hexagonal crystallographic structure
compact;  compact;
- la phase bêta comportant une structure cristallographique cubique centrée ; - et la phase gamma ou hydrures de titane de composition allant approximativement d'une structure cristallographique TiH quadratique, à une structure cristallographique ΤΊΗ2 stœchiométrique cubique centré.  the beta phase comprising a centered cubic crystallographic structure; and the gamma phase or titanium hydrides of composition approximately from a quadratic TiH crystallographic structure, to a cubic centered cubic stoichiometric crystallographic structure.
Préférentiellement l'alliage de titane est de type 100% alpha, c'est-à-dire comportant 100% de phase alpha.  Preferably, the titanium alloy is of 100% alpha type, that is to say comprising 100% of alpha phase.
En pratique, la conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) est mise en œuvre par un procédé de fabrication dans lequel : In practice, the flexible tubular pipe (1) is implemented by a manufacturing method in which:
- on fournit un profil métallique brut de grande longueur réalisé dans cet alliage de titane ;  a crude metal profile of great length made in this titanium alloy is provided;
- on enroule hélicoïdalement ledit profil métallique brut pour former un profil métallique de renfort (7), ledit profil métallique de renfort (7) étant un composant de la carcasse interne (2) ; said crude metal profile is helically wound to form a reinforcing metal profile (7), said reinforcing metal profile (7) being a component of the internal carcass (2);
- on extrude une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3) autour de ladite carcasse interne (2).  - A polymeric sealing sheath (3) is extruded around said inner carcass (2).
En outre, le procédé peut comprendre une étape d'écrouissage appliqué audit profil métallique brut pour le transformer en profil métallique de renfort (7) qui sera expliqué de manière plus détaillée dans la suite de la description. En particulier, le fait que cet écrouissage peut être appliqué à température ambiante. On entend par température ambiante, la température qui règne dans le milieu dans lequel se déroule l'opération et qui peut varier d'un lieu à un autre. En pratique, la température ambiante préférentiellement de 25°C peut varier de -15°C à 45 °C, voire varier plus, suivant la latitude et dans une moindre mesure, la longitude à laquelle on se trouve, ou encore suivant la saison, etc. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : In addition, the method may comprise a hardening step applied to said raw metal profile to transform it into a metal reinforcing profile (7) which will be explained in more detail in the following description. In particular, the fact that this hardening can be applied at room temperature. By ambient temperature is meant the temperature that prevails in the environment in which the operation takes place and which may vary from one place to another. In practice, the ambient temperature preferably 25 ° C can vary from -15 ° C to 45 ° C, or even more, depending on the latitude and to a lesser extent, the longitude at which one is, or depending on the season, etc. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe), - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés, - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R52400.  In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R52400.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane a pour composition : According to a second embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,20% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.20% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,18% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.18% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R52250.  In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably UNS R52250.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'alliage de titane à pour composition : According to a third embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,60% et 0,90% en masse de nickel (Ni),  between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight of nickel (Ni),
- entre 0,20% et 0,40% en masse de molybdène (Mo),  between 0.20% and 0.40% by weight of molybdenum (Mo),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe), - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,03% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0,03% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,08% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0.08% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H), au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés, - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H), not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the rest of the composition being made of titanium (Ti).
En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R53400. II a en outre été étudié une conduite dans laquelle l'alliage de titane a pour composition :  In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R53400. In addition, a line has been studied in which the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 2,5% et 3,5% en masse d'aluminium (Al),  between 2.5% and 3.5% by weight of aluminum (Al),
- entre 0,20% et 0,30% en masse de vanadium (V),  between 0.20% and 0.30% by weight of vanadium (V),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,12% en masse d'oxygène (O), - not more than 0.12% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,04% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.04% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,05% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,05% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti). the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
En effet, cet alliage de type alpha-beta, et comportant une structure cristallographique mixte hexagonale compacte et cubique centrée, possède des caractéristiques mécaniques supérieures à celles des alliages précédemment décrits. Néanmoins il possède une résistance à la corrosion plus faible et n'est donc adapté que pour des environnements peu corrosifs. En particulier, ledit alliage de titane est préférentiellement le UNS R56320.  Indeed, this alloy of alpha-beta type, and having a hexagonal compact crystallographic structure and compact cubic centered, has mechanical characteristics superior to those of previously described alloys. Nevertheless, it has a lower corrosion resistance and is only suitable for environments with low corrosion. In particular, said titanium alloy is preferably the UNS R56320.
Les étapes de profilage et de spiralage permettant de transformer un feuillard brut en carcasse interne (2) sont effectuées à température ambiante. Par conséquent, le feuillard subit alors un écrouissage à froid qui a pour effet bénéfique d'augmenter sa limite élastique. On entend par à froid, le fait que le matériau est plié à température ambiante, sans apport extérieur de chaleur. The profiling and spiraling steps for transforming a raw strip into an internal carcass (2) are carried out at ambient temperature. As a result, the strip then undergoes a cold work hardening which has the beneficial effect of increasing its yield strength. By cold means, the fact that the material is bent at room temperature without external heat input.
La Figure 2 illustre le phénomène d'hétérogénéité de dureté et d'écrouissage. Elle représente en coupe axiale partielle une carcasse interne (2) revêtue sur sa face extérieure d'une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3). Cette carcasse interne (2) comporte un profil métallique de renfort (7) qui est dans le cas présent un feuillard profilé en forme de S. On entend par feuillard un profilé mince et plat de grande longueur, présentant typiquement une largeur au moins 15 fois supérieure à son épaisseur. Le feuillard brut est transformé en feuillard profilé en S par une machine appelée profileuse qui utilise plusieurs paires de galets de forme pour donner progressivement et continûment au feuillard la géométrie souhaitée. La profileuse est généralement embarquée directement sur une machine tournante appelée spiraleuse, de telle sorte que le feuillard profilé soit directement enroulé et agrafé pour former la carcasse interne (2). Figure 2 illustrates the phenomenon of heterogeneity of hardness and hardening. It represents in partial axial section an inner carcass (2) coated on its outer face with a polymeric sealing sheath (3). This internal carcass (2) comprises a metal reinforcing profile (7) which is in this case an S-shaped profiled strip. A strip is understood to mean a thin and flat profile of great length, typically having a width at least 15 times. greater than its thickness. The raw strip is converted into S-shaped strip by a machine called profileuse which uses several pairs of shaped rollers to gradually and continuously give the strip the desired geometry. The profileuse is generally embedded directly on a rotating machine called spiral, so that the profiled strip is directly wound and stapled to form the inner carcass (2).
Le feuillard brut en alliage UNS R52400 du premier mode de réalisation, respectivement UNS R52250 du deuxième mode de réalisation, et UNS R53400 du troisième mode de réalisation, présente avant profilage une limite élastique de l'ordre de 270 MPa, respectivement 200 MPa et 370 MPa. The raw strip alloy UNS R52400 of the first embodiment, respectively UNS R52250 of the second embodiment, and UNS R53400 of the third embodiment, has before profiling an elastic limit of the order of 270 MPa, respectively 200 MPa and 370 MPa.
Une fois mis en forme, le profil métallique de renfort comporte au moins une partie écrouie, cette dernière étant configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique. Plus particulièrement, le feuillard profilé et agrafé, vu en coupe longitudinale, présente des parties planes, notamment les parties (10, 13) qui ont été faiblement écrouies. Once shaped, the metal reinforcement profile comprises at least one work-hardened portion, the latter being configured to increase the elastic limit. More particularly, the profiled and stapled strip, seen in longitudinal section, has flat portions, in particular the parts (10, 13) which have been weakly machined.
Par contre, le feuillard a subi de fortes déformations dans les zones de pliage du S, à savoir les deux flancs latéraux (1 1 , 14) et la partie centrale (15), ainsi que dans la zone du crochet d'appui (12). En outre, la limite élastique du profil métallique de renfort (7), c'est-à-dire la limite élastique moyenne du feuillard profilé, mesurée parallèlement à l'axe de dernier, peut augmenter jusqu'à une valeur supérieure à 370 MPa, respectivement 300 MPa et 550 MPa. On the other hand, the strip has undergone strong deformations in the folding zones of the S, namely the two lateral flanks (1 1, 14) and the central part (15), as well as in the area of the support hook (12). ). In addition, the elastic limit of the reinforcing metal profile (7), that is to say the average elastic limit of the profiled strip, measured parallel to the last axis, can increase up to a value greater than 370 MPa respectively 300 MPa and 550 MPa.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS. CLAIMS.
1 . Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) pour le transport de fluides dans le domaine de l'exploitation pétrolière offshore, ladite conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) comportant au moins une carcasse interne (2) et une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3), ladite carcasse interne (2) comportant un profil métallique de renfort (7) enroulé en hélice, caractérisée en ce que ledit profil métallique de renfort (7) est réalisé en un alliage de titane de type 100% alpha. 1. Flexible tubular pipe (1) for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular pipe (1) comprising at least one internal carcass (2) and a polymeric sealing sheath (3), said carcass internal member (2) comprising a metal reinforcing profile (7) wound helically, characterized in that said metal reinforcing profile (7) is made of a titanium alloy of 100% alpha type.
2. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane a pour composition : Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0.12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N), - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
3. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R52400. 3. flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R52400.
4. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que le profil métallique de renfort (7) comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort à une valeur supérieure à 370 MPa. 4. flexible tubular pipe (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal reinforcing profile (7) comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said metal reinforcement profile to a value greater than 370 MPa.
5. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane a pour composition : Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,20% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.20% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,18% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.18% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N), - au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N), - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
6. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R52250. 6. Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R52250.
7. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que le profil métallique de renfort (7) comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort (7) à une valeur supérieure à 300 MPa. 7. Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the metal reinforcing profile (7) comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said metal reinforcement profile (7). ) at a value greater than 300 MPa.
8. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane à pour composition : Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,60% et 0,90% en masse de nickel (Ni),  between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight of nickel (Ni),
- entre 0,20% et 0,40% en masse de molybdène (Mo),  between 0.20% and 0.40% by weight of molybdenum (Mo),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,03% en masse d'azote (N), - not more than 0,03% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,08% en masse de carbone (C),  - not more than 0.08% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
9. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R53400. 9. flexible tubular pipe (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R53400.
10. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que le profil métallique de renfort (7) comporte au moins une partie écrouie configurée pour augmenter la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort à une valeur supérieure à 550 MPa. 10. flexible tubular pipe (1) according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the metal reinforcing profile (7) comprises at least one hardened portion configured to increase the elastic limit of said metal reinforcement profile to a value greater than 550 MPa.
1 1 . Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que ledit profil métallique de renfort (7) est un feuillard profilé. 1 1. Flexible tubular pipe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said metal reinforcing profile (7) is a profiled strip.
12. Conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le profil métallique de renfort enroulé présente des spires et en ce que ladite conduite tubulaire (1 ) comprend un moyen pour agrafer deux à deux lesdites spires. 12. flexible tubular pipe (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coiled metal reinforcement profile has turns and in that said tubular pipe (1) comprises a means for stapling in pairs said turns .
13. Procédé de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) pour le transport de fluides dans le domaine de l'exploitation pétrolière offshore, ladite conduite tubulaire flexible (1 ) comportant au moins une carcasse interne (2) et une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3), ledit procédé de fabrication comportant au moins les étapes suivantes: 13. A method of manufacturing a flexible tubular pipe (1) for the transport of fluids in the field of offshore oil exploitation, said flexible tubular pipe (1) comprising at least one inner carcass (2) and a polymeric sheath. sealing (3), said manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps:
- on fournit un profil métallique brut de grande longueur; a crude metal profile of great length is provided;
- on enroule hélicoïdalement ledit profil métallique brut pour former un profil métallique de renfort (7), ledit profil métallique de renfort (7) étant un composant de la carcasse interne (2) ;  said crude metal profile is helically wound to form a reinforcing metal profile (7), said reinforcing metal profile (7) being a component of the internal carcass (2);
- on extrude une gaine polymérique d'étanchéité (3) autour de ladite carcasse interne (2) ;  - Extruding a polymeric sealing sheath (3) around said inner carcass (2);
ledit procédé de fabrication étant caractérisé en ce que ledit profil métallique brut est réalisé en un alliage de titane de type 100% alpha. said manufacturing method being characterized in that said raw metal profile is made of a titanium alloy of 100% alpha type.
14. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane a pour composition : 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti). the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
15. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R52400. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R52400.
16. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane a pour composition : 16. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0, 12% et 0,25% en masse de palladium (Pd),  between 0, 12% and 0.25% by weight of palladium (Pd),
- au plus 0,20% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.20% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,18% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.18% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,05% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0.05% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,10% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0,10% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
17. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R52250. 17. The manufacturing method according to claim 16, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R52250.
18. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de titane à pour composition : 18. Manufacturing process according to claim 13, characterized in that the titanium alloy has the following composition:
- entre 0,60% et 0,90% en masse de nickel (Ni), between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight of nickel (Ni),
- entre 0,20% et 0,40% en masse de molybdène (Mo),  between 0.20% and 0.40% by weight of molybdenum (Mo),
- au plus 0,30% en masse de fer (Fe),  - not more than 0.30% by mass of iron (Fe),
- au plus 0,25% en masse d'oxygène (O),  - not more than 0.25% by mass of oxygen (O),
- au plus 0,03% en masse d'azote (N),  - not more than 0,03% by mass of nitrogen (N),
- au plus 0,08% en masse de carbone (C), - not more than 0.08% by mass of carbon (C),
- au plus 0,015% en masse d'hydrogène (H),  - not more than 0.015% by mass of hydrogen (H),
- au plus 0,40% en masse d'impuretés,  - not more than 0.40% by mass of impurities,
- le reste de la composition étant constitué de titane (Ti).  the remainder of the composition consisting of titanium (Ti).
19. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 18, caractérisée en ce que ledit alliage de titane est le UNS R53400. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, characterized in that said titanium alloy is the UNS R53400.
20. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 19, caractérisé en ce que ledit profil métallique brut est un feuillard. 20. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that said raw metal profile is a strip.
21 . Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que ledit profil métallique brut est transformé par profilage avant d'être enroulé hélicoïdalement. 21. Manufacturing method according to claim 20, characterized in that said raw metal profile is formed by profiling before being wound helically.
22. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 19 ou 21 , caractérisé en ce que ledit profil métallique brut est agrafé pendant l'étape d'enroulement hélicoïdal. 22. Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 13 to 19 or 21, characterized in that said raw metal profile is stapled during the helical winding step.
23. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à23. Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 13 to
22, caractérisé en ce qu'un écrouissage est appliqué audit profil métallique brut pour le transformer en ledit profil métallique de renfort (7) et en ce que ledit écrouissage est appliqué à température ambiante. 22, characterized in that a work hardening is applied to said raw metal profile to transform it into said metal reinforcing profile (7) and in that said work hardening is applied at room temperature.
24. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 23 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort (7) est supérieure à 370 MPa. 24. The manufacturing method according to claim 23 taken in combination with claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the elastic limit of said metal reinforcing profile (7) is greater than 370 MPa.
25. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 23 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisée en ce que la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort (7) est supérieure à 300 MPa. 25. The manufacturing method according to claim 23 taken in combination with claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the elastic limit of said metal reinforcing profile (7) is greater than 300 MPa.
26. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 23 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 18 ou 19, caractérisée en ce que la limite élastique dudit profil métallique de renfort (7) est supérieure à 550 MPa. 26. The manufacturing method according to claim 23 taken in combination with claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the elastic limit of said metal reinforcing profile (7) is greater than 550 MPa.
PCT/FR2015/053593 2014-12-18 2015-12-17 Lightweight flexible tubular pipe for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons and method of manufacture thereof WO2016097630A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1402911A FR3030678B1 (en) 2014-12-18 2014-12-18 LIGHT FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CORROSIVE HYDROCARBONS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR1402911 2014-12-18

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2654795A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1991-05-24 Coflexip FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVING.
EP1066485A1 (en) 1998-03-23 2001-01-10 Coflexip Composite carbon fibre based armour for flexible pipe
WO2003074206A2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Technip France Method for making a plated steel armouring wire for a flexible tubular pipe transporting hydrocarbons, and armoured pipe
EP2056007A2 (en) 2007-06-28 2009-05-06 Wellstream International Limited Flexible Pipe
WO2013128097A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-06 Technip France Flexible tubular pipe for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons
FR2993955A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-31 Technip France Flexible tubular pipe for transporting hydrocarbon fluid, has metal coating selected among metals in which measured electrochemical potential in aired marine environment is of specific volt

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2654795A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1991-05-24 Coflexip FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVING.
EP1066485A1 (en) 1998-03-23 2001-01-10 Coflexip Composite carbon fibre based armour for flexible pipe
WO2003074206A2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-12 Technip France Method for making a plated steel armouring wire for a flexible tubular pipe transporting hydrocarbons, and armoured pipe
EP2056007A2 (en) 2007-06-28 2009-05-06 Wellstream International Limited Flexible Pipe
WO2013128097A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-06 Technip France Flexible tubular pipe for transporting corrosive hydrocarbons
FR2993955A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-31 Technip France Flexible tubular pipe for transporting hydrocarbon fluid, has metal coating selected among metals in which measured electrochemical potential in aired marine environment is of specific volt

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