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WO2016025934A1 - Stérilisateur à l'ozone portable autonome pour petit équipement médical - Google Patents

Stérilisateur à l'ozone portable autonome pour petit équipement médical Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016025934A1
WO2016025934A1 PCT/US2015/045434 US2015045434W WO2016025934A1 WO 2016025934 A1 WO2016025934 A1 WO 2016025934A1 US 2015045434 W US2015045434 W US 2015045434W WO 2016025934 A1 WO2016025934 A1 WO 2016025934A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ozone
sterilization
air
assembly
inner chamber
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PCT/US2015/045434
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English (en)
Inventor
Roy Edward DORY
Rene Alvarez
Alexander Justin BURDETTE
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The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
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Publication of WO2016025934A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016025934A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A61L2/202—Ozone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lightweight, portable, self-contained sterilization apparatus whose operation does not require external power sources.
  • the invention more specifically, relates to an apparatus that uses self-generated ozone for sterilization and disinfection of small medical, dental and surgical instruments.
  • the apparatus is designed to function in field conditions where water, electrical power, and/or fuel sources may be absent, unavailable, or of limited availability.
  • cliloride dioxide gas requires sodium hypochlorite and chlorine gas, if using the dry process; and sodium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acid, if using the wet process (Lowe, Gibbs, Iwen, Smith, Sc Hewlett, 2013; Rastogi et ah, 2010). Aerosolized hydrogen peroxide relies on a source of 5% hydrogen peroxide to generate the aerosol (Andersen et al., 2006). while carbon dioxide gas requires a tank of carbon dioxide (Zhang et al., 2006).
  • Patent No. 8.133,450 to Doona et al. describes a portable chemical sterilizer adapted to controilably generate sterilization conditions inside the apparatus using a chemical combination.
  • this chemical based sterilizer is light-weight and self-contained, the chemical combination used for sterilization needs to be frequently replaced, which still pose logistic problems relating to the transportation and storage of these chemicals. Furthermore, after sterilization, gaseous chemical reaction products or excessive heat is released directly into the environment housing the sterilizer, which renders this sterilizer unsuitable for use in a small enclosed area.
  • the ozone technology has many advantages over other sterilization methods, it eliminates pre-conditioning, does not require post sterilization dwelling, and allows heat-sensitive devices to be sterilized without compromising materials compatibility, product quality or integrity, while allowing for a rapid turnaround room-temperature sterilization method for medical and dental devices.
  • these systems are often bulky and non-portable requiring external ozone or electrical sources.
  • Handheld ozone sterilizer has been developed, but mostly for sterilization of food and articles of daily use, such as those described in Chinese Patent No. CN 2142020 and Chinese Patent No, CN 202945057. However, these devices are not powerful enough to provide sterilization required for medical setting.
  • FIG L Schematic of the ozone sterilization Chamber System
  • FIG. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Acinetobacter baumannii strain BAA 1605. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%. or 100%, Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 3. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Acineiobader baumannii strain ATCC 17961. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times, Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 4. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Acineiobader baumannii strain ATCC 19606. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and Incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates. [005] FIG 5.
  • FIG 6. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Acinetohacier baumannii strain WRAMC #13. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5. 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600rmi for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 7. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Bacillus subdlis strain JH 642. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 6G0mrs for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 8. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Escherichia colt strain JM 109. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post- treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures, Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 9. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Klebsiella pneumonia strain BAMC 07-18. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C, Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 10. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Klebsiella pneumonia strain xen ⁇ 39. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%o, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 11. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Klebsiella pneumonia strain I ⁇ -525. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30. or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%, Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post- treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates,
  • FIG 12 Normalized turbidity at Q.D, 600nm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Xcn-41.
  • the ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%.
  • Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent limes, Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures.
  • Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 13. Normalized turbidity at Q.D. 600nm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BAMC 07-4 The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15. 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times, Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C, Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 14. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAOl .
  • the ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%.
  • Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times, Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C.
  • Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 6G0nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures, Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 15. Normalized turbidity at 01), 600nm of Staphylococcus aureus strain IQ0070.
  • the ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%, Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nrn for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 16. Normalized turbidity at O.D, 600nm of Staphylococcus aureus strain Xen-40. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at. 37°C. Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates,
  • FIG 17. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 33591. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%. 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C, Turbidity was assayed by absorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted, Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 18. Normalized turbidity at O.D. 600nm of Staphylococcus aureus strain TCH- 1516. The ozone treated plates of bacteria were exposed to ozone for 5, 15. 30, or 60 minutes at an ozone output of 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post-treatment, culture media was added and incubated overnight at 37°C, Turbidity was assayed by ahsorbance at 600nm for both controls and ozone treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized versus control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate standard deviation of three technical replicates.
  • FIG 19. Ozone Sterilization Phase.
  • the diagrams show the primary components of the ozone sterilizer system during Sterilization, Portions shown in grey are active or open, while portions shown in black are inactive or closed. Grey and black dashes indicated portions that are cycled on and off.
  • FIG 20, Ozone Destruction Phase The diagrams show the primary components of the ozone sterilizer system during destruction. Portions shown in grey are active or open, while portions shown in black are inactive or closed.
  • FIG 21 User interface during primary state of operation.
  • FIG 22 Sterilizer wiring diagram.
  • a simplified wiring diagram shows power distribution to sterilization system components.
  • a rectifier converts 120 VAC into 12VDC when the system is powered externally, and a 12 VDC battery is used when the system is powered internally.
  • a DC-DC converter provides the voltage required by the ozone sensor, and an inverter provides a high voltage AC signal to the ozone generator 1.
  • Microprocessor-controlled relays energize the ozone generator 1. pump 6, and solenoid valves 8,
  • FIG 23 Ozone Sterilizer Configurations.
  • the diagrams show the primary components of the ozone sterilizer in the two configurations that were tested.
  • air enters the system through the air dryer 5 and exists through the sterilization compartment 4.
  • air is recirculated through the system, flowing through the active ozone generator 1 during sterilization, During the destruction phase at the end of sterilization, air is redirected through the ozone destruction unit 7 (dashed lines).
  • FIG 24 Normalized turbidity of ozone treated bacteria in an open-loop configuration, Bacteria were treated during a 60-minute sterilization cycle. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for the equivalent time. Post-treatment, sterile media was added and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Turbidity was measured using a spectrometer for both control and treated cultures. Treated samples were normalized to the control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of ten technical replicates.
  • FIG 25 Normalized turbidity of ozone treated bacteria in a closed-loop configuration. Bacteria were treated during a 60 ⁇ minute sterilization cycle. A) E. coii, B) A. baumannii, C) B. subtilis, D), K, pneumoniae, E) P. aeruginosa, F) S. aureus. Control plates of bacteria were left untreated for equivalent times. Post treatment, sterile media was added and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Turbidity was measured using a spectrometer for both control and treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized to the control samples, and averages plotted. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three experimental and ten technical replicates.
  • FIG 26 Normalized turbidity of ozone treated dental instruments in a closed-loop configuration. Bacteria were treated during a 60-minute sterilization cycle. Control dental instruments were left untreated for equivalent times, Post treatment, dental instruments were placed in sterile media and incubated overnight at 37°C. Turbidity was measured using a spectrometer for both control and treated cultures. Ozone treated samples were normalized to the control samples, and averages plotted, *Note: Dental mirrors results not shown. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of four technical replicates DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • This application describes the utilization of a portable medical sterilization system employing ozone technology.
  • the technology eliminates pre-conditioning, does not require post sterilization dwelling, and allows heat-sensitive devices to be sterilized without compromising materials compatibility, product quality or integrity.
  • This technology allows for a rapid turnaround room-tempeFIGrature sterilization method for medical and dental devices.
  • the inventive apparatus is a field deployable sterilization chamber system being developed for utilization at the
  • This invention allows ozone generation by a battery-powered sterilization chamber system solely reliant on ambient air, thus removing the current needs for external electrical sources, or additional cargo required as in gaseous or liquid sterilizers,
  • An embodiment of the inventive ozone sterilizer comprising ozone sterilizer system contained in a ruggedized and portable case with seven primary mechanical components that are monitored and controlled by a microcontroller,
  • the ozone sterilizer assembly comprising: 1) an ozone generator 1, 2) an ozone sensor 2, 3) a humidifier 3 4) a sterilization compartment 4, 5) an air dryer 5, 6) a pneumatic pump 6, 7) an ozone destruction unit 7 (FIGs 19 and 20).
  • the pump 6 circulates air through the system, and solenoid valves 8 direct air flow to different portions of the system depending on the status of the sterilization cycle.
  • the ozone generator 1 In the Sterilization Phase, the ozone generator 1 is active, and the pump 6 circulates ozonated air into the sterilization compartment 4, while recycling air from the sterilization compartment 4 back to the generator 1 , An ozone sensor 2 monitors the generator output, and when the ozone concentration reaches a target level, the sterilization timer begins.
  • the humidifier 3 switches on and off to add moisture to the sterilization compartment 4.
  • the ozone generator 1 turns off, and solenoid valves 8 redirect air to the ozone destruction unit 7 to convert any remaining ozone back into oxygen.
  • the air dryer 5 is used to remove moisture from incoming air entering the system to ensure proper functions and extend life of the pump 6, ozone generator 1 , and ozone sensor 2.
  • Ozone Generator 1 - Ozone is powerful oxidizing agent that is unstable at high concentrations, which quickly decaying into oxygen.
  • ozone must be generated by the system (Guzel-Seydim, 2003).
  • Ozone can be produced from either pure oxygen, or ambient air. via either UV light or a corona discharge, and has been shown to be effective at killing bacteria, including spores (Kowalski, Brufieth, & Whittam, 1998; Nagayoshi et al, 2004; Young & Setlow, 2004).
  • the corona discharge method is employed to generate ozone.
  • Corona discharge is a cost-effective, small form-factor method for producing ozone from ambient air, which can result in high ozone output with relatively low energy costs compared to other ozone-generating techniques (Surnmerfelt, 1997).
  • the ozone generator 1 produces heat as a byproduct, which reduces the efficiency of the generator I , so heat removal was an important design consideration for the system (Carlins, 1982),
  • the corona discharge generator selected for this invention features a tube design with heat sinks nmning the full length of the tube. Cooling fans may also be incorporated into the system to remove excess heat and maximize generator efficiency.
  • Ozone Sensor 2- An ultraviolet (UV) system ozone sensor 2 may be used to measure ozone concentration entering the sterilization compartment 4 by weight.
  • the sensor 2 compensates for temperature and pressure fluctuation, and uses two detectors, one to measure ozone concentration, and the other to adjust for changes in the UV light intensity, allowing the sensor 2 to operate for extended periods without calibration or maintenance.
  • the ozone sensor 2 provides feedback to the system's microcontroller or processor to ensure the sterilization compartment 4 receives the target ozone concentration during the sterilization cycle and to verify that all ozone is removed during the destruction phase.
  • the sensor 2 selected for the prototype system contains a microprocessor and can communicate with other devices using the RS232 serial eomrmrnieation protocol.
  • Humidifier 3- Previous tests have shown that gaseous ozone in the presence of moisture is more effective at killing bacteria than dry ozonated air. Therefore, a bubble humidifier 3 was added at the inlet of the sterilization compartment 4 to add moisture to the air entering the chamber (Sbarma, 2008), A second input to the sterilization compartment 4 bypasses the humidifier 3, allowing humidity to be controlled by switching the humidifier 3 branch on and off.
  • the humidifier 3 compartment is made of polycarbonate and filled with water. A crashed glass stem circulates ozonated ai r into the water, producing small bubbles, allowing moisture to be picked up by the dry, ozonated air.
  • Sterilization Compartment 4 A sterilization compartment 4 was designed to hold small medical instruments.
  • the prototype sterilization compartment 4 measures 15" x 6" x 6".
  • the compartment 4 has a hinged top with an airtight seal to prevent ozone from escaping during the sterilization cycle.
  • the compartment 4 is constructed of ozone-compatible polycarbonate siding with a silicone seal. Medical instruments are placed on a stainless steel mesh, resting
  • Air Dryer 5 ⁇ Several system components, including the pump 6, ozone generator 1, and ozone sensor 2, require dry air to operate efficiently. Therefore, an air dryer S is placed at the input of the sterilization system to remove any moisture added by the humidifier 3 (Carlins, 1982).
  • the air dryer 5 is made of stainless steel, and uses a rechargeable silica desiccant, A moisture indicator placed downstream of the air dryer 5 indicates when the desiccant is saturated.
  • Pump 6 A diaphragm pump is selected that features all ozone-compatible wetted materials, including a Teflon-coated aluminum head, and a Teflon diaphragm.
  • the pump 6 is driven by a brushless DC motor, which pushes air through the system at a rate of 5 liters per minute, resulting in a full air exchange in the sterilization compartment 4 approximately once every minute.
  • the ozone destruction unit 7 may be made of stainless steel and uses a low-temperature oxidation catalyst to eliminate remaining ozone by converting it into oxygen.
  • the sterilization system is controlled by a microprocessor or microcontroller, such as iOS Mega microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor receives user input, provides status information to the operator, communicates with the ozone sensor 2, controls the ozone generator 1 and pump 6, and actuates solenoid valves 8 that distribute air flow to different portions of the system.
  • Any common interfaces for the microprocessor/microcontroller may be used to display information during operation and accepts inputs.
  • the interface used for the prototype is a 3.2" LCD touchscreen panel that allows user input via virtual buttons,
  • the portable medical sterilization system this invention may operate in either open-loop configuration or closed-loop configuration (FIG 23).
  • open-loop configuration ambient air enters the system through an air dryer S and is pumped through the ozone generator 1, humidifier, and into the sterilization compartment 4,
  • the air dryer 5 removes moisture from air entering the system, increasing the output of the ozone generator 1 and extending the life of the pump 6, ozone generator 1. aid ozone sensor 2.
  • the humidifier 3 adds moisture to the air prior to entering the sterilization compartment 4, which has been shown to facilitate the ozone sterilization process (Sharma, 2008).
  • an enclosure such as a fume hood
  • average ozone concentrations range between 4.2 and 6.3 g/Nm3. Peak concentrations are generated at the beginning of the cycle and fall slightly to a steady-state value at around 20 minutes. Humidity levels range between 65% and 75%, and the temperature gradually rises during the process, beginning at 29 °C and reaching 33 °C at the end of the cycle.
  • the closed-loop configuration expands on the original design and affords a greater level of efficiency arid control over environmental parameters during the sterilization process.
  • the process is split into two distinct phases: sterilization and destruction.
  • sterilization the ozone generator 1 is active and the pump 6 circulates ambient air through the closed-loop system. Once the sterilization cycle is complete, the system enters a destruct cycle to eliminate remaining ozone.
  • the air circulating through the sterilizer is diverted to an ozone destruction unit 7, which contains an oxidation catalyst that converts the remaining ozone into oxygen.
  • the recirculating air passes through the destruction unit 7 multiple times to ensure the ozone is removed before the sterilization compartment 4 is opened (Dory, 2014).
  • Average ozone concentrations in the closed-loop configuration range between 5.4 and 6.8 g/Nm3, again peaking at the beginning of the cycle. Humidity and temperature level are consistent, with the open-loop configuration, 65-75% and 29 - 33°C, respectively.
  • Idle There are five primary states of operation of this inventive sterilizer controlled by inputs from the user via a microcontroller or processor: Idle, Setup, Maintenance, Sterilization, and Destruction (FIG 21 ).
  • Idle the device first enters the Idle State, in which the ozone generator 1 is off, the pump 6 is off. the air vent is open, the ozone destruction unit 7 is bypassed, the humidifier 3 Is bypassed, and the ozone sensor 2 is energized.
  • the ozone sensor 2 requires a 15-minute warm-up period; therefore, as soon as the ozone sensor 2 is energized, a 15-minute internal timer begins,
  • the user can enter the Setup state. T he Setup window allows sterilization cycle parameters to be defined and saved. The user can set the sterilization runtime, destruction runtime, and minimum Häshold ozone concentration for the sterilization cycle. During the sterilization cycle, the sterilization runtime timer begins only once the minimum threshold concentration is reached. From the Setup window, the user can also define the duty cycle of the humidifier 3 and the ozone generator 1, For instance, the ozone generator 1 can be configured to turn off once an upper threshold is reached and turn back on once the ozone concentration fall below a lower threshold, allowing the system to consen'e energy. When the user presses the "Save and Exit" button, the values are stored in the microprocessor's memory, and processor returns to the Idle State,
  • the Maintenance state allows the user to actuate different components of the system independently to facilitate troubleshooting and maintenance.
  • the ozone generator 1, pump 6, and actuating valves 8 can be independently toggled on and off.
  • the valves 8, pump 6, and generator 1 are ail returned to Idle State values.
  • the sterilization state begins.
  • the processor first checks the status of the ozone sensor 2 warm-up timer. After the required 15 -minute warm-up period, the processor initializes the ozone sensor 2, and checks the ozone sensor status to ensure there are no faults. If an error occurs, a window indicates the fault to the user, and the system returns to the Idle State. If no errors occur, the sterilization cycle begins.
  • the ozone generator 1 and pump 6 turn on, the vent closes, and the ozone destruction unit 7 is bypassed.
  • the processor monitors ozone concentration, and, the sterilization timer begins once the concentration reaches the user defined threshold. If ozone concentration falls below threshold at any time during sterilization, the sterilization timer pauses. If the "Stop"' button is pressed while the system is in the Sterilization State, the processor will advance to the Destruction State.
  • the processor automatically enters the Destruction State.
  • the ozone generator 1 is turned off, and solenoid valves 8 direct air through the ozone destruction unit 7.
  • the destruction timer begins, The system continues to operate in the Destruction State until the destruction time reaches the defined destruction runtime. If the ⁇ -Stop" button is pressed while the device is in the Destruction State, the processor will return to the Idle State; however, there may still be ozone circulating in the system, so stopping the device using this method is not recommended. Otherwise, the processor indicates to the user when the sterilization is complete, and the system returns to the Idle State.
  • the ozone sterilizer can be operated using battery power or standard 120 VAC power, A mechanical switch selects the type of power used during operation.
  • the battery' pack used for the system may features a high discharge current and a long lifeeycle, such as a 12 VDC, rechargeable, lithium iron phosphate batter. This battery pack provides approximately 6 hours of continuous runtime, and an indicator on the user interface displays the status of the battery.
  • a rectifier converts the 120 VAC into 12 VDC.
  • the 12 VDC power is regulated to the voltage required by individual system components.
  • all system components are controlled by TTL level digital signals generated by the chicken microprocessor.
  • the TTL level signals drive a bank of opto-isolated solid-state relays, which apply or remove power to the ozone generator 1, pump 6, and air distribution valves 8 depending on the state of the controller (FIG 22).
  • MRSA MethiciUm-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Escherichia coli Escherichia coli
  • Bacillus subiilis Bacillus subiilis and Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Bacteria included strains of Acinetobacter baumannii Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia call Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis (Table 1). Bacterial stock cultures were generated by growing cultures on 100mm plates containing nutrient agar at 37°C overnight. A single bacterial colony was picked using a sterile toothpick and added to 3 ml of sterile tryptiease soy broth or nutrient broth for A.
  • the ozone generator (Model MP 8000 from A2Z Ozone Inc., Hudson, ⁇ H ) was connected to an ozone monitor (Model 454, Teledyne insrnmientations, San Diego, CA) via tygors tubing (outer diameter 6mrn, inner diameter 4mm), and subsequently to the sample case (Pelican 1500, Pelican Products, Torrance, CA) with dimensions 19" x 14,5" x 6,5" (1 x w x h) (depicted in FIG 1) (Dory, 2014). A small hole was drilled in the back of the briefcase with an inner diameter of 7mm through which the tubing was run through. The ozone chamber was placed in a certified chemical safety fume hood for ail studies.
  • the ozone concentration was determined by UV using the Teiedyne model 454 ozone monitor (Teledyne Insuximentations, San Diego. CA), which can detect ozone from 0-50g/Nm with an accuracy of ⁇ 1%. Ozone concentrations were continuously monitored at each ozone output % for the entire
  • experimental test period ranging from 5 minutes to 1 hour.
  • Bacterial counting for each strain was perfomied by generating 10-fold serial from 10 -1 to 10 -8 . Bacteria were spread onto nutrient agar plates in duplicate by adding 100 ⁇ l of each dilution to each plate and grown overnight at 37°C without shaking. Dilution plates showing between 30-300 colonies were counted and the colony count was averaged from the duplicate plates and expressed in colony-forming units/nil (CFU/ml).
  • the prototype ozone generator utilized for sterilization was rated at a maximum ozone output of 8 g/'Nm 3 when utilizing a pure gaseous oxygen source. However, given the desire for utilization of ambient air as the source for ozone generation, it was imperative to determine the ozone output under ambient air conditions.
  • the ozone output was measured under four manufacturer settings, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%, at time periods ranging from 5 minutes to 60 minutes.
  • the ozone output utilizing ambient air ranged from an average ozone concentration of 1.6 g/Nm 3 at 25% output to as high as 4.7 g/Nm 3 at 100% output, far below the manufacturer's reporting of 8 g/Nm" at 100% utilizing pure gaseous oxygen (Table 2).
  • Bacterial strains from freezer stocks were diluted 1 : 100 in suitable sterile growth media in 50 ml propylene conical tubes, and grown overnight at 37 °C with shaking at 200 rpm. The following day, the cultures were diluted 1 : 10 in the appropriate media and aliquoted into the wells of a polystyrene, 12-well flat bottom plate (Costar #3512), The OD600 (Optical Density 600 run) was read using a BIOTEK ® SYNERGYTM HT spectrometer (BIGTEK ® Seattle, WA) with Gen5TM software version 2.01. Bacterial cultures were standardized to 1.5 QD/ml after the OD600 was determined.
  • Serial dilutions were performed to quantify inoculum populations by generating 10-fold serial dilutions from 10-1 to 10-8. For specific quantification, 100 ⁇ l per dilution was spread onto nutrient agar plates and placed in a 37 °C incubator overnight.
  • Turbidity and Spread Plate Assays Following ozone exposure, 2 ml of sterile media was added to each well in the test plate and the control plate to re-suspend the bacteria. After the bacteria were re-suspended, 200 ⁇ from each of the 10 treated wells and 3 control wells were plated without dilution on nutrient agar and placed in a 37 °C incubator overnight. Colony forming units (CPU's) were counted the following day.
  • CPU's Colony forming units
  • the 12-well plates with the remaining media were placed in the incubator at 37 °C overnight without shaking, The following day, the plates were removed and sealed with PCR sealing film (VWR catalog #82018-846) and the OD600 was read using a spectrometer, Turbidity was normalized by dividing the average turbidity of the ozone exposure wells by the average turbidity of the control wells. Each of the 10 treated wells and 10 control wells were measured independently.
  • dental instruments including explorers, probes, hatchet, excavators, cotton pliers, spatulas, and mirrors, were treated in the closed-loop sterilizer configuration. Instruments were placed in 50 ml propylene conical tubes containing bacterial suspensions, with bacterial concentrations averaging 108 CFU/ml. The instruments were allowed to dry lying flat inside the laminar flow safety cabinet. A set of instruments was placed in the ozone sterilization chamber on top of a flat piece of aluminum foil and exposed to ozone for 60 minutes, and the control instruments were left in the laminar flow safety cabinet for the duration of the ozone exposure. Following exposure, tools were wrapped in the foil to prevent contamination and placed in the laminar flow hood. Each bacteria strain was treated in duplicate,
  • Turbidity and Spread Plate Assays Bacterial growth in the 12-well plates was measured using the same methods described for the open-loop testing. For measuring bacterial growth on the dental instruments, the tools were placed in 50 ml propylene conical tubes containing 10 ml of sterile strain growth media for at least 15 minutes with occasional agitation. For spread plate assays, 100 ⁇ l of the media was plated on a 35 mm sterile nutrient agar plate. Ten-fold serial dilutions from 10 -1 to 10-5 were generated and 100 ⁇ ! per dilution were plated for control instruments. The agar plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C > and CFU's were counted the following day.
  • Remaining media from control and test instruments was kept in the conical tubes for turbidity testing, and incubated overnight at 37 °C without shaking. The following day, 1 ml from each tube was ali quoted into one well in a 12-well flat bottom plate, the OD600 was read using the spectrometer, and the data were normalized using the method described above, RESULTS
  • Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent, American Journal of Infection Control, 36(8), 559-563.

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  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne ensemble autonome, réutilisable, facile à porter, léger et portable de stérilisation d'équipement contaminé à l'aide d'ozone et d'humidité générée in situ sans nécessiter d'électricité externe, des carburants ou d'autres sources d'énergie exogènes pour le fonctionnement. L'invention concerne également son procédé d'utilisation.
PCT/US2015/045434 2014-08-15 2015-08-15 Stérilisateur à l'ozone portable autonome pour petit équipement médical WO2016025934A1 (fr)

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US9849204B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-12-26 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods
US10039850B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2018-08-07 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods
WO2019012479A1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Sterio3, Llc Dispositif et procédés de stérilisation
CN109839963A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-06-04 北京雪迪龙科技股份有限公司 一种紫外照射式臭氧发生器浓度控制方法
RU209283U1 (ru) * 2021-08-26 2022-03-14 Максим Александрович Мизгулин Мобильная станция вакуумно-озоновой дезинфекции
WO2024209238A1 (fr) * 2023-04-05 2024-10-10 Bioaera Austral Spa Système et procédé de désinfection d'objets à l'aide d'ozone

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US8354057B2 (en) * 2006-11-29 2013-01-15 Doug Heselton Apparatus and method for using ozone as a disinfectant
US20130243649A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-09-19 Tso3 Inc. Hydrogen peroxide sterilization method
US20140105783A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-17 Hantover, Inc. Deodorizing and sanitizing container

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US5221520A (en) * 1991-09-27 1993-06-22 North Carolina Center For Scientific Research, Inc. Apparatus for treating indoor air
WO2001078793A1 (fr) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-25 Purizer Corporation Procede de sterilisation pour steriliser l'air, un liquide ou des surfaces
US7976791B2 (en) * 2004-11-10 2011-07-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Portable chemical sterilizer
US8354057B2 (en) * 2006-11-29 2013-01-15 Doug Heselton Apparatus and method for using ozone as a disinfectant
US20130243649A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-09-19 Tso3 Inc. Hydrogen peroxide sterilization method
US20140105783A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-17 Hantover, Inc. Deodorizing and sanitizing container

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9849204B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-12-26 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods
US10039850B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2018-08-07 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods
WO2019012479A1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Sterio3, Llc Dispositif et procédés de stérilisation
CN109839963A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-06-04 北京雪迪龙科技股份有限公司 一种紫外照射式臭氧发生器浓度控制方法
RU209283U1 (ru) * 2021-08-26 2022-03-14 Максим Александрович Мизгулин Мобильная станция вакуумно-озоновой дезинфекции
WO2024209238A1 (fr) * 2023-04-05 2024-10-10 Bioaera Austral Spa Système et procédé de désinfection d'objets à l'aide d'ozone

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