WO2016013426A1 - 金属微粒子分散液及び金属被膜 - Google Patents
金属微粒子分散液及び金属被膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016013426A1 WO2016013426A1 PCT/JP2015/069901 JP2015069901W WO2016013426A1 WO 2016013426 A1 WO2016013426 A1 WO 2016013426A1 JP 2015069901 W JP2015069901 W JP 2015069901W WO 2016013426 A1 WO2016013426 A1 WO 2016013426A1
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09D129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1254—Sol or sol-gel processing
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal fine particle dispersion and a metal coating.
- the metal coating formed by the coating and sintering of the metal fine particle dispersion as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is reduced as a whole by reducing the volume of the coating of the metal fine particle dispersion during sintering. It tends to be a fine crack.
- Such a cracked metal film may be difficult to evenly laminate when other materials are further laminated, or may be easily peeled off from the substrate.
- the metal fine particle dispersion according to one aspect of the present invention which has been made to solve the above problems, contains metal fine particles having an average particle size of 200 nm or less and a solvent in which the metal fine particles are dispersed, and is coated and sintered.
- a metal film with few cracks can be formed using the metal fine particle dispersion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a metal coating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal fine particle dispersion according to one aspect of the present invention contains metal fine particles having an average particle size of 200 nm or less and a solvent for dispersing the metal fine particles, and forms metal coatings by coating and sintering.
- the dispersion further contains a water-soluble resin.
- the metal fine particle dispersion according to one aspect of the present invention contains a metal fine particle having an average particle size of 200 nm or less and a solvent for dispersing the metal fine particle, and forms a metal film by coating and sintering. It is a fine particle dispersion (a metal fine particle dispersion that forms a metal film by being coated and sintered) and further contains a water-soluble resin.
- the metal fine particle dispersion further contains a water-soluble resin in addition to the metal fine particles and the solvent, the water-soluble resin shrinks the coating film when the coating film of the metal fine particle dispersion liquid is dried (evaporation of the solvent). ease. Furthermore, since the water-soluble resin gradually decomposes during the sintering of the metal fine particles following the drying of the coating film, the sintering proceeds gradually. Therefore, it can suppress that a crack is formed in a metal film. If the above-mentioned metal fine particle dispersion is used, it is possible to form a metal film that has few cracks and that can be easily laminated with another material, and in particular, it is possible to form a metal film with good plating properties.
- the content of the water-soluble resin is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the metal fine particles.
- the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin is preferably from 1,000 to 1,000,000. When the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin is within the above range, cracks in the coating film can be suppressed and the water-soluble resin is thermally decomposed during sintering, so that organic residues remain in the sintered metal film. It is hard to do.
- the water-soluble resin may be polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, or a combination thereof. Since the water-soluble resin is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, or a combination thereof, it is possible to more effectively prevent cracks from occurring, and the water-soluble resin is easily decomposed by sintering, and after sintering. Organic residue is less likely to remain in the metal coating.
- the metal fine particles are preferably copper. By using copper as the metal fine particles, it is possible to form a metal film with low electrical resistance and to provide an inexpensive metal film.
- the metal coating according to another aspect of the present invention is formed by coating and sintering the metal fine particle dispersion.
- the metal coating is formed by application and sintering of the metal fine particle dispersion, so that there are few cracks and adhesion to the substrate is large.
- the “average particle diameter” is a volume center diameter D50 obtained by counting 100 or more particles in an image taken with a scanning electron microscope.
- the “number average molecular weight” is a value measured by gel filtration chromatography.
- FIG. 1 shows the procedure of a method for producing a metal coating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for producing the metal coating includes a step of generating metal fine particles by a liquid phase reduction method (step S1), a step of separating the generated metal fine particles (step S2), and a metal fine particle using the separated metal fine particles.
- a step of preparing the dispersion step S3), a step of applying the prepared metal fine particle dispersion on the surface of the substrate (step S4), and sintering the coating of the metal fine particle dispersion to form a metal coating (Step S5).
- the metal fine particle generation step of step S1 is performed by a liquid phase reduction method in which metal fine particles are precipitated by reduction of metal ions in an aqueous solution containing a reducing agent.
- a liquid phase reduction method for example, a titanium redox method can be applied.
- Examples of the metal constituting the metal fine particles include copper, nickel, gold, and silver. Among these, copper is preferable because it has good conductivity and is relatively inexpensive.
- the metal fine particle generation step of Step S1 includes a step of preparing a reducing agent aqueous solution (reducing agent aqueous solution preparation step) and a step of reducing metal ions to precipitate as metal fine particles (metal fine particle precipitation step).
- reducing agent aqueous solution preparation step a step of preparing a reducing agent aqueous solution
- metal fine particle precipitation step an aqueous solution containing metal ions or a water-soluble metal compound in which metal ions are generated by ionization is added to the reducing agent aqueous solution to reduce the metal ions and deposit them as metal fine particles.
- any of various reducing agents that can be precipitated as metal fine particles by reducing metal element ions in a liquid phase reaction system can be used.
- examples of such a reducing agent include sodium borohydride, sodium hypophosphite, hydrazine, transition metal element ions (trivalent titanium ions, divalent cobalt ions, and the like).
- transition metal element ions trivalent titanium ions, divalent cobalt ions, and the like.
- Trivalent titanium ions are used as the reducing agent.
- Trivalent titanium ions can be obtained by dissolving a water-soluble titanium compound that generates trivalent titanium ions in water, or by reducing an aqueous solution containing tetravalent titanium ions by cathodic electrolysis.
- An example of the water-soluble titanium compound that generates trivalent titanium ions is titanium trichloride.
- the titanium trichloride a commercially available high-concentration aqueous solution can be used.
- a complexing agent, a dispersing agent, a pH adjusting agent and the like can be further blended in the reducing agent aqueous solution.
- the complexing agent to be mixed in the reducing agent aqueous solution various conventionally known complexing agents can be used.
- the metal element ions are reduced and deposited by oxidation of trivalent titanium ions.
- it is effective to make the reduction reaction time as short as possible.
- it is effective to control both the oxidation reaction rate of trivalent titanium ions and the reduction reaction rate of metal element ions.
- trivalent titanium ions and metal element ions are effective. It is important to complex together. It is also important to adjust the ion concentration and the like in order to make the reduction reaction time as short as possible while keeping the reduction rate of the metal element ions and the deposition rate of the metal fine particles as appropriate.
- complexing agents having such functions include trisodium citrate [Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ], sodium tartrate [Na 2 C 4 H 4 O 6 ], sodium acetate [NaCH 3 CO 2 ], Examples include gluconic acid [C 6 H 12 O 7 ], sodium thiosulfate [Na 2 S 2 O 3 ], ammonia [NH 3 ], ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [C 10 H 16 N 2 O 8 ], and the like. Alternatively, multiple types can be used. Among these, trisodium citrate is preferable.
- dispersant to be mixed in the reducing agent aqueous solution for example, anionic dispersants, cationic dispersants, nonionic dispersants and various other structures can be used. Among them, cationic dispersants are preferable, and polyethyleneimine structures are preferred. It is more preferable.
- a pH adjuster to be blended in the reducing agent aqueous solution for example, sodium carbonate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and the like can be used.
- the pH of the reducing agent aqueous solution can be, for example, 5 or more and 13 or less.
- the deposition rate of the metal fine particles becomes slow and the particle size of the metal fine particles becomes small, but when the deposition rate is too slow, the particle size distribution becomes wide. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust so that the deposition rate does not become too slow. Further, if the pH of the reducing agent aqueous solution is too high, the deposition rate of the metal fine particles becomes excessive, and the deposited metal fine particles may aggregate to form cluster-like or chain-like coarse particles.
- Metal fine particle precipitation process In the metal fine particle precipitation step, metal ions are introduced into the reducing agent aqueous solution, whereby the metal fine particles are precipitated by reduction of the metal ions by the reducing agent in the reducing agent aqueous solution.
- Metal ions are generated by ionizing a water-soluble metal compound by dissolving the water-soluble metal compound in water.
- water-soluble metal compounds include various water-soluble compounds such as sulfate compounds, nitrate compounds, acetate compounds, and chlorides.
- water-soluble metal compounds include copper nitrate (II) [Cu (NO 3 ) 2 ], copper nitrate (II) trihydrate [Cu (NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 in the case of copper. O], copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate [CuSO 4 .5H 2 O], copper chloride (II) [CuCl 2 ] and the like.
- nickel nickel chloride (II) hexahydrate [NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O]
- nickel nitrate (II) hexahydrate [Ni (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O] and the like can be mentioned.
- the water-soluble metal compound is preferably added to the reducing agent aqueous solution in the state of an aqueous solution containing metal ions diluted by dissolving in water.
- the upper limit of the average particle size of the metal fine particles to be deposited is preferably 200 nm, more preferably 150 nm.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the metal fine particles is preferably 1 nm, and more preferably 10 nm.
- the metal fine particles deposited in the reducing agent aqueous solution in the metal fine particle precipitation step in step S1 are separated.
- the method for separating the metal fine particles include filtration and centrifugation.
- the separated metal fine particles may be once powdered through further steps such as washing, drying, and crushing. However, in order to prevent agglomeration, it is preferably used in a state of being dispersed in an aqueous solution without being powdered.
- step S3 Metal fine particle dispersion preparation process>
- the metal fine particles separated from the reducing agent aqueous solution in the metal fine particle separation step are dispersed in a solvent to prepare a metal fine particle dispersion.
- solvent for the metal fine particle dispersion a mixture of one or more of water and a highly polar solvent is used, and among them, a mixture of water and a highly polar solvent compatible with water is preferably used.
- a solvent for such a metal fine particle dispersion a solution prepared by adjusting an aqueous reducing agent solution after the metal fine particles are deposited can be used. That is, a reducing agent aqueous solution containing metal fine particles in advance is subjected to treatment such as ultrafiltration, centrifugation, washing, electrodialysis, etc., and impurities are removed, and a high polarity solvent is added, so that a predetermined amount of metal fine particles is contained in advance. A solvent is obtained.
- a volatile organic solvent that can evaporate in a short time in the sintering step of Step S5 is preferable.
- the high polarity solvent volatilizes in a short time in the sintering process of step S5, and the viscosity of the metal fine particle dispersion applied on the surface of the substrate is reduced. It can be raised rapidly without causing it.
- any of various organic solvents having volatility at room temperature 5 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less
- a volatile organic solvent having a boiling point at normal pressure of, for example, 60 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. or lower is preferable.
- an aliphatic having 1 to 5 carbon atoms having high volatility and excellent compatibility with water. Saturated alcohol is preferred.
- Examples of the aliphatic saturated alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, and n-amyl. Alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, etc. are mentioned, What mixed these 1 type (s) or 2 or more types is used.
- the lower limit of the content of the volatile organic solvent in all solvents is preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 15% by mass.
- an upper limit of the content rate of the volatile organic solvent in all the solvents 80 mass% is preferable and 70 mass% is more preferable.
- the content rate of the volatile organic solvent in all the solvents is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that the viscosity of a metal fine particle dispersion cannot be raised in a short time in the sintering process of step S5.
- the content of the volatile organic solvent in the total solvent exceeds the above upper limit, the content of water is relatively reduced.
- the dispersion of metal fine particles on the surface of various substrates such as glass, ceramic, plastic, etc. Liquid wettability may be insufficient.
- the lower limit of the total solvent content in the metal fine particle dispersion is preferably 100 parts by mass and more preferably 250 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal fine particles.
- the upper limit of the total solvent content in the metal fine particle dispersion is preferably 3000 parts by mass and more preferably 1000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal fine particles.
- the water-soluble resin functions as a binder that prevents the metal fine particles from moving during the drying and sintering of the coating film in the sintering step of Step S5. Furthermore, since the water-soluble resin is gradually pyrolyzed, the sintering of the metal fine particles gradually proceeds. Therefore, the formation of cracks in the metal film is suppressed.
- the lower limit of the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin is preferably 1000 and more preferably 5000.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin is preferably 1000000 and more preferably 500000. If the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin is less than the above lower limit, the water-soluble resin is thermally decomposed faster than necessary in the sintering step of Step S5, and the movement of the metal fine particles cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the metal coating film Cracks may be formed.
- the water-soluble resin If the number average molecular weight of the water-soluble resin exceeds the upper limit, the water-soluble resin is not completely thermally decomposed in the sintering process of step S5, and the residue of the water-soluble resin remains in the metal film, There is a possibility that the conductivity is lowered.
- water-soluble resins examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, polyethylene imine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the like.
- polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, or a combination thereof which can effectively suppress the volume change of the coating film and can be thermally decomposed relatively easily.
- polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol have high polarity, they are excellent in water dispersibility.
- polyethyleneimine is suitably used as a coating material for metal fine particles, it is easily compatible with metal fine particles. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to use at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine as the water-soluble resin.
- the lower limit of the content of the water-soluble resin in the metal fine particle dispersion is preferably 0.1 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal fine particles.
- the upper limit of the content of the water-soluble resin in the metal fine particle dispersion is preferably 10 parts by mass, more preferably 2 parts by mass, and still more preferably 1 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal fine particles.
- the metal fine particle dispersion is applied to the surface of the substrate.
- a coating method of the metal fine particle dispersion conventionally known coating methods such as a spin coating method, a spray coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, a slit coating method, a roll coating method, and a dip coating method can be used.
- the metal fine particle dispersion may be applied to only a part of the substrate by screen printing, a dispenser or the like.
- ⁇ Sintering process> In the sintering process of step S5, the coating film of the metal fine particle dispersion formed in the coating process of step S4 is heated, and the solvent in the metal fine particle dispersion is first evaporated and then held by the water-soluble resin as a binder. Sintered metal fine particles. At this time, the water-soluble resin holding the metal fine particles is thermally decomposed during the sintering of the metal fine particles, so that only the metal fine particles are sintered and a metal coating containing no organic matter is formed.
- the heating temperature in this sintering step is appropriately selected depending on the material of the metal fine particles and the like, and is, for example, 150 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less.
- the metal fine particle dispersion liquid preparation step in step S3 the metal fine particle having an average particle diameter of 200 nm or less and a solvent for dispersing the metal fine particles are contained. And a metal fine particle dispersion for forming a metal film by sintering, and a metal fine particle dispersion further containing a water-soluble resin. Then, the metal fine particle dispersion is applied in step S4 and sintered in step S5 to form a metal film.
- the metal fine particle dispersion according to the embodiment of the present invention contains the above-mentioned amount of the water-soluble resin, the water-soluble resin shrinks the coating film when the coating film of the metal fine particle dispersion liquid is dried (evaporation of the solvent). During the subsequent sintering of the metal fine particles, the water-soluble resin gradually decomposes, whereby the sintering proceeds gradually. For this reason, the metal coating film with few cracks can be formed by using the metal fine particle dispersion according to the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, it is easy to stack other materials on the metal film formed using the metal fine particle dispersion, and it is particularly easy to stack the metal by plating.
- the metal fine particles can be produced by various conventionally known methods such as a high temperature treatment method called an impregnation method and a gas phase method.
- a liquid phase reduction method that can obtain fine metal particles having a uniform particle shape and particle diameter is preferable.
- the metal fine particle dispersion is prepared by removing impurities from the reducing agent aqueous solution after depositing the metal fine particles by a liquid phase reduction method, and further adding a highly polar solvent to the water after concentration and removal of water. It can also be manufactured. Thus, by using what prepared and concentrated the reducing agent aqueous solution after metal fine particle precipitation as a solvent, aggregation of metal fine particles can be suppressed. Further, in addition to concentrating the reducing agent aqueous solution, metal fine particles may be further added as necessary.
- the liquid phase reduction method of the above embodiment copper ions were reduced to produce copper fine particles, and the separated fine copper particles were used to prepare a metal fine particle dispersion.
- the average particle diameter of the copper fine particles is 50 nm.
- a solvent for the metal fine particle dispersion a mixture of 200 parts by mass of water and 50 parts by mass of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is used with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copper fine particles, and the copper fine particles are dispersed in this solvent. As a result, no. 1 metal fine particle dispersion was obtained.
- Each metal fine particle dispersion obtained in this way was coated on a polyimide film so as to have an average film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, and these were sintered at 350 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. A film was formed.
- the adhesion of the metal coating formed using the metal fine particle dispersion of No. 1 to the polyimide film was 150 gf / cm.
- the adhesion of the metal coating formed using the metal fine particle dispersion No. 2 to the polyimide film was 500 gf / cm.
- a metal fine particle dispersion containing metal fine particles having an average particle size of 200 nm or less, a solvent in which the metal fine particles are dispersed, and a water-soluble resin Since the metal fine particle dispersion further contains a water-soluble resin in addition to the metal fine particles and the solvent, the water-soluble resin shrinks the paint film when the metal fine particle dispersion liquid film is dried (solvent evaporation). ease. Further, since the water-soluble resin is gradually pyrolyzed during the sintering of the metal fine particles, the sintering gradually proceeds. Therefore, a metal film having few cracks can be formed by using this metal fine particle dispersion.
- the present invention can be widely applied to the formation of a metal film, and can be suitably used particularly for the manufacture of electronic parts such as printed wiring boards.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様に係る金属微粒子分散液は、平均粒子径が200nm以下の金属微粒子とこの金属微粒子を分散する溶媒とを含有し、塗工及び焼結により金属被膜を形成するための金属微粒子分散液であって、水溶性樹脂をさらに含有する。換言すると、本発明の一態様に係る金属微粒子分散液は、平均粒子径が200nm以下の金属微粒子とこの金属微粒子を分散する溶媒とを含有し、塗工及び焼結により金属被膜を形成する金属微粒子分散液であって(塗工及び焼結されることにより金属被膜を形成する金属微粒子分散液であって)、水溶性樹脂をさらに含有する。
以下、本発明の一実施形態に係る金属被膜の製造方法について図面を参照しつつ詳説する。
ステップS1の金属微粒子生成工程は、還元剤を含む水溶液中での金属イオンの還元により金属微粒子を析出させる液相還元法によって行われる。このような液相還元法としては、例えばチタンレドックス法が適用できる。
還元剤水溶液調製工程では、金属イオンを還元する作用を有する還元剤を含む水溶液を調製する。
還元剤としては、液相の反応系中で金属元素のイオンを還元することで金属微粒子として析出させることができる種々の還元剤がいずれも使用可能である。このような還元剤としては、例えば水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、次亜リン酸ナトリウム、ヒドラジン、遷移金属元素のイオン(三価のチタンイオン、二価のコバルトイオン等)などが挙げられる。ただし、析出させる金属微粒子の粒子径をできるだけ小さくするためには、金属元素のイオンの還元速度及び金属微粒子の析出速度を遅くするのが有効である。還元速度及び析出速度を遅くするためには、できるだけ還元力の弱い還元剤を選択して使用することが好ましい。
金属微粒子析出工程では、還元剤水溶液に金属イオンを投入することにより、還元剤水溶液中での還元剤による金属イオンの還元により金属微粒子を析出させる。
金属イオンは、水溶性金属化合物を水に溶解することで、水溶性金属化合物の電離により生じる。水溶性金属化合物としては、例えば硫酸塩化合物、硝酸塩化合物、酢酸塩化合物、塩化物等の種々の水溶性の化合物を挙げることができる。
ステップS2の金属微粒子分離工程では、ステップS1の金属微粒子析出工程において還元剤水溶液中に析出した金属微粒子を分離する。金属微粒子の分離方法としては、例えば濾過、遠心分離等が挙げられる。なお、分離された金属微粒子は、さらに洗浄、乾燥、解砕等の工程を経て一旦粉末状としてもよいが、凝集を防止するために粉末化せず水溶液に分散した状態で用いることが好ましい。
ステップS3の金属微粒子分散液調製工程では、金属微粒子分離工程において還元剤水溶液から分離された金属微粒子を溶媒中に分散して金属微粒子分散液を調製する。
金属微粒子分散液の溶媒としては、水、高極性溶媒の1種又は2種以上を混合したものが使用され、中でも水及び水と相溶する高極性溶媒を混合したものが好適に利用される。このような金属微粒子分散液の溶媒としては、金属微粒子析出後の還元剤水溶液を調整したものを使用することができる。つまり、予め金属微粒子を含む還元剤水溶液を限外濾過、遠心分離、水洗、電気透析等の処理に供して不純物を除去したものに高極性溶媒を加えることで、予め一定量の金属微粒子を含む溶媒が得られる。
水溶性樹脂は、ステップS5の焼結工程において塗膜の乾燥及び焼結の際に金属微粒子が移動することを防止するバインダーとして機能する。さらに、水溶性樹脂は徐々に熱分解するので、金属微粒子の焼結は徐々に進行する。したがって、金属被膜にひび割れが形成されることが抑制される。
ステップS4の塗工工程では、金属微粒子分散液を基材の表面に塗工する。金属微粒子分散液の塗工方法としては、例えばスピンコート法、スプレーコート法、バーコート法、ダイコート法、スリットコート法、ロールコート法、ディップコート法等の従来公知の塗布法を用いることができる。またスクリーン印刷、ディスペンサ等により基材の一部のみに金属微粒子分散液を塗布するようにしてもよい。
ステップS5の焼結工程では、ステップS4の塗工工程において形成した金属微粒子分散液の塗膜を加熱し、先ず金属微粒子分散液中の溶媒を蒸発させてから、バインダーである水溶性樹脂によって保持される金属微粒子を焼結する。この時、金属微粒子を保持する水溶性樹脂は、金属微粒子の焼結中に加熱分解するので、金属微粒子のみが焼結され、有機物を含まない金属被膜が形成される。
本発明の実施形態に係る金属微粒子分散液は、上記含有量の水溶性樹脂を含有するため、金属微粒子分散液の塗膜の乾燥(溶媒の蒸発)の際に水溶性樹脂が塗膜の収縮を緩和し、続く金属微粒子の焼結の際に水溶性樹脂が徐々に熱分解することで焼結が徐々に進行する。このため、本発明の実施形態に係る金属微粒子分散液を用いることにより、ひび割れの少ない金属被膜を形成することができる。したがって、金属微粒子分散液を用いて形成した金属被膜上に、他の材料を積層しやすく、特にめっきにより金属を積層しやすい。
今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
(付記1)
平均粒子径が200nm以下の金属微粒子と、この金属微粒子を分散する溶媒と、水溶性樹脂を含有する金属微粒子分散液。
金属微粒子分散液は、金属微粒子及び溶媒に加えて水溶性樹脂をさらに含有しているので、金属微粒子分散液の塗膜の乾燥(溶媒の蒸発)の際に水溶性樹脂が塗膜の収縮を緩和する。また、金属微粒子の焼結の際に水溶性樹脂が徐々に熱分解するので、焼結が徐々に進行する。したがって、この金属微粒子分散液を用いることにより、ひび割れの少ない金属被膜を形成することができる。
S2 金属微粒子分離工程
S3 金属微粒子調製工程
S4 塗工工程
S5 焼結工程
Claims (6)
- 平均粒子径が200nm以下の金属微粒子とこの金属微粒子を分散する溶媒とを含有し、塗工及び焼結により金属被膜を形成するための金属微粒子分散液であって、
水溶性樹脂をさらに含有する金属微粒子分散液。 - 前記水溶性樹脂の含有量が、金属微粒子100質量部あたり0.1質量部以上10質量部以下である請求項1に記載の金属微粒子分散液。
- 前記水溶性樹脂の数平均分子量が、1000以上1000000以下である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の金属微粒子分散液。
- 前記水溶性樹脂が、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンイミン又はこれらの組合せである請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の金属微粒子分散液。
- 前記金属微粒子が銅である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の金属微粒子分散液。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の金属微粒子分散液の塗工及び焼結により形成される金属被膜。
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2015
- 2015-07-10 US US15/326,719 patent/US20170213615A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-07-10 WO PCT/JP2015/069901 patent/WO2016013426A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-07-10 JP JP2016535879A patent/JP6536581B2/ja active Active
- 2015-07-10 CN CN201580035493.5A patent/CN106488821A/zh active Pending
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JP2008231531A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 微粒子分散液、及び微粒子分散液の製造方法 |
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JPWO2016013426A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
JP6536581B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 |
CN106488821A (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
US20170213615A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
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