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WO2015172339A1 - 编码嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸及表达嵌合抗原受体蛋白的t淋巴细胞 - Google Patents

编码嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸及表达嵌合抗原受体蛋白的t淋巴细胞 Download PDF

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WO2015172339A1
WO2015172339A1 PCT/CN2014/077517 CN2014077517W WO2015172339A1 WO 2015172339 A1 WO2015172339 A1 WO 2015172339A1 CN 2014077517 W CN2014077517 W CN 2014077517W WO 2015172339 A1 WO2015172339 A1 WO 2015172339A1
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chimeric antigen
nucleic acid
antigen receptor
region
egfr
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PCT/CN2014/077517
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2015172339A8 (zh
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李宗海
高慧萍
蒋华
石必枝
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科济生物医药（上海）有限公司
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Priority to DE112014006656.7T priority Critical patent/DE112014006656B4/de
Priority to US15/310,495 priority patent/US10604740B2/en
Priority to KR1020197038384A priority patent/KR20200000495A/ko
Priority to GB1620536.1A priority patent/GB2541599B/en
Priority to JP2017512081A priority patent/JP6682509B2/ja
Priority to KR1020167035098A priority patent/KR102110187B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2014/077517 priority patent/WO2015172339A1/zh
Publication of WO2015172339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172339A1/zh
Publication of WO2015172339A8 publication Critical patent/WO2015172339A8/zh

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of tumor cell therapy, and more particularly to transgenes of epithelial-derived tumors expressing EGFRvIII or high expression of EGFR The field of T lymphocyte therapy.
  • EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
  • HER-1 protooncogene C-erbB-1
  • EGFR287-302 epitope is only exposed in EGFRvIII or overexpressing EGFR tumors, whereas in normal tissues the epitope is concealed [Gan HK, et. al. Targeting of a conformationally exposed, tumor-specific epitope of EGFR as a strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Res, 2012, 72(12): 2924-2930.]. It is suggested that the EGFR287-302 epitope is an ideal site for tumor-related treatment of EGFR.
  • Antibodies against the EGFR 287-302 epitope have been developed which show good tumor-specific killing.
  • antibody therapy has a limitation on the half-life of antibodies in the blood circulation in the body. Generally, the half-life is mostly within 23 days. Thus, sustained dosing and/or increased dosing is required for tumor antibody therapy, which results in an increase in the cost of treatment for the patient and, in some cases, even the end of treatment.
  • therapeutic antibodies, as heterologous proteins may also cause an allergic reaction in the body and a risk of neutralizing anti-antibodies against the therapeutic antibody.
  • T lymphocytes The role of T lymphocytes in tumor immune responses is receiving increasing attention.
  • Adoptive immunotherapy based on T lymphocytes has achieved certain effects in some tumors, and this immunotherapy method can overcome the above defects of antibody therapy, but the therapeutic effect in most tumors is still unsatisfactory [Grupp SA, et Al. Adoptive cellular therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011, 344: 149-72.].
  • TCR T Cell Receptor
  • scFv the scFv of antibodies against tumor cell-associated antigens
  • the intracellular signal activation groups such as CD3 ⁇ or F CS RI Y of T cell receptors.
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • Chimeric antigen receptors include extracellular binding regions, transmembrane regions, and intracellular signaling regions.
  • the extracellular region contains a scFv capable of recognizing a tumor-associated antigen
  • a transmembrane region adopts a transmembrane region of a molecule such as CD8, CD28
  • the intracellular signal region adopts an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM).
  • ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
  • CD3 ⁇ ie CD3 zeta, abbreviated as Z
  • FcsRIy and co-signaling signal molecules CD28, CD137, CD134 and other intracellular signal regions are intracellular signal regions.
  • the intracellular signal region contains only ITAM as the first generation of CAR T cells, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor portions are linked as follows: scFv-TM-CD3 ⁇ .
  • This CAR ⁇ cell can stimulate anti-tumor cytotoxic effects, but cytokine secretion is less, and can not stimulate long-lasting anti-tumor effect in vivo [Zhang T. et. al. Chimeric NKG2D-modi fi ed T cells inhibit systemic T -cell lymphoma growth in a manner involving multiple cytokines and cytotoxic pathways, Cancer Res 2007, 67(22): 11029-11036.].
  • second-generation CAR T cells incorporates the intracellular signaling region of CD28 or CD137 (aka 4-1BB), in which the chimeric antigen receptor portions are joined as follows: scFv-TM-CD28 -ITAM or scFv- TM-/CD137- ITAM.
  • B7/CD28 or 4- 1 BBL/CD 137 co-stimulatory action in the intracellular signal domain causes sustained proliferation of T cells, and can increase the secretion of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN- ⁇ by T cells, and increase CAR Dotti G.
  • CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in lymphoma patients. J Clin Invest, 2011, 121(5): 1822-1826 .].
  • CAR T cells developed in recent years, in which the chimeric antigen receptor portions are linked as follows: scFv-TM-CD28-CD137-ITAM or scFv-TM-CD28-CD134-ITAM, further enhancing CAR T
  • the survival cycle in vivo and its anti-tumor effect [Carpenito C, et al. Control of large established tumor xenografts with genetically retargeted human T cells containing CD28 and CD137 domains. PNAS, 2009, 106(9): 3360-3365.] 0
  • CAR T cells have attractive prospects for tumor immunotherapy, some potential risks need to be considered.
  • CAIX antigen carbonic anhydrase IX
  • the antigen carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expressed on tumor cells of patients with renal cell carcinoma is the first case for the clinical treatment of CAR T cells. It is also the first case to report the off-target effect of CAR cells. Patients developed grade 2-4 hepatotoxicity after multiple injections of CAR T cells. The reason for the analysis was that hepatic bile duct epithelial cells underexpressed CAIX, and the original clinical trial was forced to interrupt while excluding any evaluation of the patient's therapeutic effect. [Stoter G. et al.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor protein expressed on the surface of a T cell, the chimeric antigen receptor protein comprising a sequentially linked extracellular binding region, a transmembrane region and an intracellular signal region
  • the extracellular binding region comprises a single chain antibody scF V (EGFR) that specifically recognizes amino acids 287-302 of the human epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR (EGFR287-302) epitope.
  • the extracellular binding region of the chimeric antigen receptor protein is linked to the transmembrane region of CD8 or CD28 via the CD8 hinge region, and the intracellular signal region is followed by the transmembrane region.
  • the polynucleotide of the present invention may be in the form of DNA or RNA.
  • DNA forms include cDNA, genomic DNA or synthetic DNA.
  • DNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
  • the DNA can be a coding strand or a non-coding strand.
  • the nucleic acid codons encoding the amino acid sequences of the chimeric antigen receptor proteins of the present invention may be degenerate, that is, a plurality of degenerate nucleic acid sequences encoding the same amino acid sequence are included in the scope of the present invention. Degenerate nucleic acid codons encoding corresponding amino acids are well known in the art.
  • the present invention also relates to a variant of the above polynucleotide, which encodes a polypeptide or polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the present invention. Fragments, analogs and derivatives. Variants of this polynucleotide may be naturally occurring allelic variants or non-naturally occurring variants. These nucleotide variants include substitution variants, deletion variants, and insertion variants. As is known in the art, an allelic variant is an alternative form of a polynucleotide which may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides, but does not substantially alter the function of the polypeptide encoded thereby. .
  • the invention also relates to polynucleotides which hybridize to the sequences described above and which have at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, optimally at least 90% or at least 95% identity between the two sequences. .
  • the invention particularly relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the polynucleotides of the invention under stringent conditions.
  • stringent conditions means: (1) hybridization and elution at lower ionic strength and higher temperature, such as 0.2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 60 ° C ; or (2) hybridization Adding a denaturant such as 50% Cv/v;) formamide, 0.1% calf serum/0.1% Ficoll, 42 °C, etc.; or (3;) only at least 90% identity between the two sequences Above, it is better that the hybridization occurs more than 95%. Furthermore, the polypeptide encoded by the hybridizable polynucleotide has the same biological function and activity as the mature polypeptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • Monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the amino acid epitopes 287-302 of the human epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR are disclosed in Chinese Patent Publications CN102405235 and CN101602808B, and other known and future known singles that specifically recognize this epitope are disclosed.
  • Cloned antibodies can also be used to prepare single chain antibodies in chimeric antigen receptor proteins encoded by the nucleic acids of the invention.
  • the single-chain antibody can be produced by a genetic engineering method or a chemical synthesis method according to the sequence disclosed in the above literature.
  • single-chain antibody (scFv) fragment refers to an antibody fragment defined by a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region which are linked by a linker ( The recombinant protein of VL), the linker associates these two domains to ultimately form an antigen binding site.
  • the size of scFv is typically 1/6 of that of an intact antibody.
  • the single chain antibody is preferably a sequence of one amino acid strand encoded by one nucleotide chain.
  • the single-chain antibodies used in the present invention may be further modified, either singly or in combination, using conventional techniques known in the art, such as amino acid deletions, insertions, substitutions, additions, and/or recombinations, and/or other modifications. Methods for introducing such modifications into the DNA sequence of an antibody based on its amino acid sequence are well known to those skilled in the art; see, for example, Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989;) NY. The indicated modifications are preferably carried out at the nucleic acid level.
  • the above single chain antibodies may also include derivatives thereof.
  • the above single-chain antibody derivatives include, but are not limited to, methods for the production of chimeric antibodies as described in WO 89/09622, methods for the production of humanized antibodies as described in EP-A 10239400 and WO 90/07861, WO 91/10741, WO 94/ Methods for producing heterologous antibodies, such as human antibodies in mice, are described in 02602 and W096/33735.
  • the term "specifically recognize" in the present invention means that the bispecific antibody of the present invention does not or substantially does not cross-react with any polypeptide other than the antigen of interest. The degree of specificity can be judged by immunological techniques including, but not limited to, immunoblotting, immunoaffinity chromatography, flow cytometry, and the like.
  • the transmembrane region may be selected from a transmembrane region of a protein such as CD8 or CD28.
  • CD8 or CD28 is a natural marker on the surface of T cells.
  • the human CD8 protein is a heterodimer consisting of two chains, alpha or gamma delta.
  • the transmembrane region is selected from the transmembrane region of CD8a or CD28.
  • CD8 alpha hinge region is a flexible region, and thus, CD8 or CD28 and the transmembrane region and hinge region can be used to link the target recognition domain scFv and intracellular signal region of the chimeric antigen receptor CAR.
  • the intracellular signal region can be selected from the group consisting of CD3 ⁇ , FcsRIy, CD28, CD137, the intracellular signal region of the CD134 protein, and combinations thereof.
  • the CD3 molecule consists of five subunits, of which the CD3 ⁇ subunit (also known as CD3 zeta, abbreviated as Z) contains three ITAM motifs, which are important signal transduction regions in the TCR-CD3 complex.
  • CD3 SZ is a mutated CD3 sequence that does not have an ITAM motif and is generally constructed as a negative control in the practice of the present invention.
  • F CS RI Y is mainly distributed on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and it contains an ITAM motif similar in structure, distribution and function to CD3.
  • CD28, CD137, and CD134 are conjugated signaling molecules, and the co-stimulatory action of intracellular signal segments after binding to their respective ligands causes sustained proliferation of T cells and enhances T cell secretion.
  • the levels of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN- ⁇ increase the survival cycle and antitumor effect of CAR T cells in vivo.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor protein encoded by the nucleic acid of the present invention may be a chimeric antigen receptor protein selected from the group consisting of a sequence-linked extracellular binding region, a transmembrane region and an intracellular signal region:
  • CD28 represents its intracellular signal region.
  • the nucleic acid of the invention has the sequence set forth in SEQ ID ⁇ : 1-4. In another embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid of the invention is a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor protein having one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-34.
  • a second aspect of the invention includes a vector comprising the above nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor protein expressed on the surface of a T cell.
  • the vector used in the present invention is a lentiviral plasmid vector pPWT-eGFP o. This plasmid belongs to the third generation auto-inactivated lentiviral vector system, which has three plasmids, the encoded protein Gag/PoK coding.
  • the empty vector pPWT-eGFP (which itself is a mock in subsequent experiments) is regulated by an elongation factor-1 alpha (elongation factor-1 ⁇ , EF-1 ⁇ ) promoter to enhance the green fluorescent protein ( Expression of eGFP).
  • the recombinant expression vector pWPT-eGFP comprising the nucleic acid sequence of interest encoding CAR is a consensus of eGFP and CAR by ribosomal skipping sequence 2A (F2A) from food and mouthvires disease (FMDV). Expressed.
  • a third aspect of the invention includes a virus comprising the above vector.
  • the virus of the present invention includes an infectious virus after packaging, and also includes a virus to be packaged containing a component which is packaged as an infectious virus.
  • Other viruses transfected with T cells known in the art and their corresponding plasmid vectors can also be used in the present invention.
  • the virus is a lentivirus comprising the above pWPT-eGFP-F2A-CAR recombinant vector (i.e., containing SCFV (EGFR;)-C AR).
  • a fourth aspect of the invention comprises a transgenic T lymphocyte transduced with a nucleic acid of the invention or transduced with the above-described recombinant plasmid comprising the nucleic acid of the invention, or a viral system comprising the plasmid.
  • Conventional nucleic acid transduction methods including non-viral and viral transduction methods, can be used in the present invention.
  • Non-viral based transduction methods include electroporation and transposon methods.
  • Amaxa's nucleofector nuclear transfection device can directly introduce foreign genes into the nucleus to obtain efficient transduction of the target gene.
  • the transduction efficiency of the transposon system based on Sleeping Beauty system or PiggyBac transposon is much higher than that of ordinary electroporation, and the nucleofector transfection apparatus is combined with the SB Sleeping Beauty transposon system.
  • Applications have been reported [Davies JK., et al. Combining CD 19 redirection and alloanergization to generate tumor-specific human T cells for allogeneic cell therapy of B-cell malignancies. Cancer Res, 2010, 70(10): OFl-10. ], the method can not only have high transduction efficiency but also achieve targeted integration of the target gene.
  • the transduction method for realizing chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T lymphocytes is based on a transduction method of a virus such as retrovirus or lentivirus.
  • the method has the advantages of high transduction efficiency, stable expression of the foreign gene, and shortening the time for the T lymphocytes to reach the clinical level in vitro.
  • the transduced nucleic acid is expressed on its surface by transcription and translation.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity experiments on various cultured tumor cells demonstrated that the transgenic tau lymphocytes expressing the chimeric antigen receptor on the surface of the present invention have a highly specific tumor cell killing effect (also called cytotoxicity).
  • the nucleic acid encoding the chimeric antigen receptor protein of the present invention, the plasmid containing the nucleic acid, the virus comprising the plasmid, and the transgenic tau lymphocyte transfected with the above nucleic acid, plasmid or virus can be effectively used for immunotherapy of tumors.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the lentiviral vector pWPT-eGFP-F2A-CAR encoding the CAR sequence of the present invention as an example.
  • Figure 2 shows, as an example, the connection between different regions of the CAR of the present invention contained in a lentiviral vector.
  • Figure 3 shows Mlu/ and Sal/double digestion to identify the nucleic acid electrophoresis of the lentiviral plasmid of Example 1.
  • Ml is the DS2000 molecular weight marker (Guangzhou Dongsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.);
  • M2 is the Hind III marker (Guangzhou Dongsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).
  • Lanes 1-6 are 1: pWPT-eGFP; 2: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806- ⁇ ⁇ ; 3: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806-Z; 4: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806-BBZ; : pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806- 28Z; 6: pWPT-eGFP-F2 A-806-28BBZ; Figure 4 shows the results of flow cytometry analysis of eGFP expressed by cells infected with CD8+ T lymphocytes by the virus of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the in vitro growth of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing different chimeric antigen receptors (CAR+) according to Example 2 of the present invention. The figure shows that on day 14 after viral infection, CD8+ T expressing different chimeric antigen receptors was amplified 35-50 fold in vitro.
  • CAR+ chimeric antigen receptors
  • Figure 6 shows the results of flow cytometry detection of the expression of the EGFR287-302 epitope on the surface of various tumor cell lines of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Table 1 illustrates the order of attachment of the various portions of the chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention, which can also be seen in Figure 2.
  • the amplification of the scFv (EGFR) sequence is based on the single-stranded bifunctional antibody nucleotide 806/CD3 or hu7B3/CD3 constructed in our laboratory.
  • the sequence of the template is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 of Chinese Patent Application No. 201210094008.x, respectively.
  • the primer pair used for amplification is
  • the target amplification bands were 720 bp in size.
  • the PCR amplification conditions were pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min; denaturation: 94 ° C, 40 s; annealing: 58 ° C, 40 s; extension: 68 ° C, 40 s; 25 cycles, then a total extension of 68 ° C,
  • the lOmino PCR amplification band was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis to match the expected fragment size.
  • the sequence of the negative control scFv (CD19) was determined according to the sequence of FMC63-28Z (HM852952.1) of GenBank, and the sequence was obtained by Shanghai Ruijin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. by whole gene synthesis.
  • the CD137 intracellular domain was amplified by the upstream primer 5'-aaacggggcagaaagaaactc-3, (SEQ ID NO: 15) and the downstream primer 5 '- cagttcacatcctccttc-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16), and the PCR amplification conditions were the same as above.
  • the theoretical size of the band is 126 bp, and the amplified product is confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis to be consistent with the theoretical size.
  • CD8 ⁇ hinge region-transmembrane region was ligated with BBZ and PCR to obtain the desired fragment: CD8-CD137-CD3 zeta (ie CD8-BBZ), splicing and PCR amplification
  • CD8-CD137-CD3 zeta ie CD8-BBZ
  • splicing PCR amplification
  • the theoretical size is 663 bp.
  • the amplified product was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis to be in agreement with the theoretical size.
  • the vector system used in this example belongs to the third generation self-inactivation lentiviral vector system, which has three plasmids, namely, the coding protein Gag/Pol, the packaging plasmid psPAX2 encoding the Rev protein, and the envelope plasmid PMD2 encoding the VSV-G protein. .G and a recombinant expression vector encoding the gene of interest CAR based on the empty vector pPWT-eGFP.
  • the elongation factor-1 a (EF-1 ⁇ ) promoter regulates the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), while encoding the target gene
  • eGFP enhanced green fluorescent protein
  • coexpression of eGFP and the target gene CAR was achieved by food and mouth virus disease (FMDV, ribosomal skipping sequence, F2A).
  • FMDV food and mouth virus disease
  • F2A is a core sequence of 2A (or "self-cleaving polypeptide 2A") from foot-and-mouth disease virus. It has a "self-shearing" function of 2A, which enables co-expression of upstream and downstream genes.
  • 2A has an effective and feasible strategy for constructing gene therapy polycistronic vectors due to its high shear efficiency, high balance of upstream and downstream gene expression and short self-sequence.
  • the sequence is used to achieve co-expression of the target gene with GFP or eGFP, and the expression of CAR can be detected indirectly by detecting GFP or eGFP.
  • a lentiviral expression vector in which eGFP linked to F2A is co-expressed with a specific CAR is constructed, and is collectively referred to as pWPT-eGFP-F2A-CAR.
  • the method of splicing the various parts of eGFP-F2A-CAR is as follows:
  • the F2A (66bp)-CD8a signal peptide (63bp) and the upstream eGFP were obtained by primer splicing.
  • a fragment of a small nucleic acid (about 18 bp) sequence of the downstream CAR, with a theoretical size of 165 bp, and the primers are: 5 '-attcaaagtctgtttcacgctactagctagtccg-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 25)
  • Primer splicing conditions are pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min ; denaturation: 94 ° C, 20 s; annealing : 50 ° C, 20 s; Extension: 68 ° C, 30 s, for 25 cycles, then a total extension of 68 ° C, 10 min.
  • the amplified product confirmeded by agarose gel electrophoresis was consistent with the theoretical size).
  • PCR amplification conditions were pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min ; denaturation: 94, 40 s; annealing: 56 °C, 40s; Extension: 68 °C, 40s, for 25 cycles, then a total extension of 68 ° C, lOmin, the theoretical size of 735 bp, the amplification products confirmed by agarose gelation and the theoretical size.
  • the above-obtained equimolar F2A-CD8a signal was obtained with the upstream gene 5'-cttacgccccccccccccccccccccgtggccaccatggtgagcaagggcgaggag-3' (SEQ ID NO: 29) and the downstream downstream 5'-gaggtcgacctacgcgggggcgtctgcgctcctgctgaacttcactctggtgataaccagtg-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12).
  • Peptide fragment, eGFP and 806- ⁇ Z (about 80 ng) were spliced to obtain eGFP-F2A-806- ⁇ Z.
  • the splicing conditions were pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min; denaturation: 94 ° C, 40 s; annealing: 62 ° C, 40s; extension: 68°C, 140s, after 5 cycles of amplification, supplement the appropriate volume of DNA polymerase and upstream and downstream primers and PCR amplification for 25 cycles.
  • the amplification conditions are pre-denaturation: 94°C, 4min ; denaturation : 94 ° C, 40 s; Annealing: 62 ° C, 40 s; Extension: 68 ° C, 140 s.
  • the theoretical size was 1861 bp, and the amplified product was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis to be consistent with the theoretical size.
  • the splicing conditions are pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min; denaturation: 94 ° C, 40 s; annealing: 62 ° C, 40 s; extension: 68 ° C, 140 s, after 5 cycles of amplification, supplement the appropriate volume of DNA polymerase And upstream and downstream primers were PCR amplified for 25 cycles, the amplification conditions were pre-denaturation: 94 ° C, 4 min ; denaturation: 94 ° C, 40 s; annealing: 62 ° C, 40 s; extension: 68 ° C, 140 s.
  • the theoretical sizes of eGFP-F2A-806-Z, eGFP-F2A-806-BBZ, eGFP-F2A-806-28Z and eGFP-F2A-806- 28BB Z were 2164 bp, 2290 bp, 2305 bp, 2431 bp, respectively. Agarose electrophoresis was confirmed to be consistent with the theoretical size.
  • the Mlul and Sail restriction sites were introduced upstream and downstream of the open reading frame.
  • the above obtained items The gene eGFP-F2A-CAR was digested with Mlul and Sail, and ligated into the same double-digested pWPT vector.
  • the lentiviral vector expressing each chimeric antigen receptor was successfully constructed and identified by Mlul and Sail digestion (Fig. 3 ) and the sequence is measured correctly and then packaged in lentivirus.
  • eGFP-F2A-CAR is transcribed into one mRNA, but translated into two proteins, eGFP and anti-EGFR287-302 chimeric antigen receptor, and anti-EGFR287-302 chimeric antigen receptor under the action of CD8a signal peptide. Will be positioned on the cell membrane.
  • 293T cells (ATCC: CRL-11268) cultured to a 6th to 10th passage were inoculated at a density of 6 ⁇ 10 6 and cultured overnight in a 10 cm culture dish at 37° C., 5% CO 2 for transfection.
  • the medium was DMEM (PAA) containing 10% fetal calf serum (PAA), and the next day, the medium was changed to serum-free DMEM about 2 hours before transfection.
  • Na2HP04*2H20 12mM glucose, 50mM Hepes (Sigma), pH7.05, 0.22 ⁇ M filter sterilization), 1200rpm/min vortex mixed for 10s,
  • the transfection efficiency (i.e., the proportion of cells showing green fluorescence) was observed on the next day of transfection, and the positive transfection efficiency of ⁇ 80% was successful in the transfection experiment.
  • the virus was collected by filtration using a 0.45 ⁇ m filter (Millipore), and then centrifuged at 28000 rpm for 2 hours at 4 ° C using a Beckman Optima L-100XP ultracentrifuge, the centrifuge supernatant was discarded, and the precipitate was centrifuged for 1/10.
  • the 1/50 stock volume of Quantum 007 medium (PAA) was resuspended and stored in a lOOwL/tube fraction at -80 °C until the virus was titrated or infected with T lymphocytes.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (provided by Shanghai Blood Center) were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy people by density gradient centrifugation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by CD8+ T lymphocyte magnetic beads (Stem Cell Technologies) negative sorting method to obtain CD8+ T. Lymphocytes, sorted CD8+ T lymphocytes were used for flow cytometry to detect the purity of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and the positive rate of CD8+ T lymphocytes was 95%.
  • the Quantum 007 Lymphocyte Medium (PAA) was added at a density of about 1 ⁇ 10 6 /mL and cultured and the magnetic beads were coated with anti-CD3 and CD28 antibodies at a ratio of 1 : 1 (Invitrogen).
  • Recombinant human IL-2 (Shanghai Huaxin Biotech Co., Ltd.) with a final concentration of 100 U/mL was cultured for 24 h.
  • CD8+ T lymphocytes were then infected with the above recombinant lentivirus at MOI5. The infected cells were passaged every other day at a density of 5 X 10 5 /mL, and a recombinant human IL-2 at a final concentration of 100 U/mL was supplemented in the lymphocyte culture solution.
  • Infected CD8+ T lymphocytes were expressed by flow cytometry on the 7th day of culture. As eGFP was co-expressed with CAR, positive cells expressing eGFP were positive cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors.
  • CD8+ T lymphocytes were subcultured, counted, and supplemented with IL-2 at a cell density of 5 ⁇ 10 5 /ml every other day. At a concentration of 100 U/ml), about 35 to 55-fold amplification was observed on day 14 of culture (see Figure 5), indicating that CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing different chimeric antigen receptors were in vivo. A certain amount of amplification can be performed outside, which provides a guarantee for subsequent in vitro toxicity tests and in vivo tests.
  • Example 3 Detection of EGFR287-302 epitopes in epithelial-derived tumor cell lines
  • Fluorescence-activated cell sorter using flow cytometry FACSCalibur, from Becton
  • the materials used include:
  • FITC-labeled goat anti-human IgG is the secondary antibody (AOGMA).
  • AOGMA the secondary antibody
  • each tumor cell listed in Table 3 was inoculated into a 6 cm dish, and the inoculated cell density was about 90%, and cultured overnight at 37 °C.
  • the experimental group was separately added with the test antibody CH12, while one control group was added with an irrelevant antibody as a negative control, and the other control group was a non-antibody PBS blank control.
  • the final concentration of each antibody was 20 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1, and 100 ul was added to each tube. Ice bath, 45 minutes.
  • Example 4 In vitro toxicity test for expressing chimeric antigen receptor cells
  • the target cells were respectively 6 kinds of cells shown in the above table.
  • the effector cells were cultured for 12 days in FACS.
  • the positive cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors were recorded as chimeric antigen receptor positive (CAR+) CD8+ T lymphocytes.
  • the effective target ratio is 3: 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 or 5 : 1, 2.5 : 1 and 1 : 1, and the target cell number is 10000 / well, corresponding to the effector cells according to different target ratios.
  • Four replicate wells were set in each group, and the average of four replicate wells was taken.
  • the detection time is 18h or 20h.
  • Each experimental group each target cell + CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing different chimeric antigen receptors
  • Control group 1 The maximum release of LDH from target cells
  • Control group 2 Target cells spontaneously release LDH
  • Control group 3 Effector cells spontaneously release LDH.
  • CytoTox 96 non-radioactive cytotoxicity test kit (Promega) was used. This method is based on the colorimetric detection method and can replace the 51Cr release method.
  • the CytoTox 96® assay quantitatively measures lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
  • LDH lactate dehydrogenase
  • LDH is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme that is released when cells are lysed and released in much the same way as 5 1 Cr in radioactive analysis.
  • the released LDH medium supernatant can be detected by a 30-minute coupled enzyme reaction. In the enzymatic reaction, LDH can convert a tetrazolium salt (INT) into red formazan.
  • INT tetrazolium salt
  • the CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing scFv(EGFR)-806-Z CAR+ and the CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing 806-28BBZ CAR+ of the present invention showed very significant cytotoxicity to tumor cells U87-EGFRvIII, up to 55.5% and 85, respectively. %.
  • the cytotoxicity of the above-mentioned CD8+ T lymphocytes of the present invention is highly tumor-specific because, compared to the high cytotoxicity of the tumor cell U87-EGFRvIII which is exposed to the EGFR 287-302 epitope, it is shown as a comparison. Very low cytotoxicity against tumor cell U87 that does not expose the EGFR287-302 epitope, in both cases less than 2%.
  • empty control mock-transfected T cells as evidence of reliability of experimental results and chimeric antigen receptor 806- ⁇ Z transgenic T cells evaluated as original negative intracellular effector molecules as negative controls U87 and U87-EGFRvIII showed almost the same very low % cytotoxicity.
  • the above experiment was carried out at a target-to-target ratio of 5:1 and an action time of 20 h.
  • CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing scFv(EGFR)-806-Z CAR+ of the present invention, and the CD8+ T lymphocyte pairs of P806-28BBZ CAR+ of the present invention measured at a time of 18 h at different effect ratios Tumor cells U87-EGFR and U87-EGFRvIII exposed to the EGFR287-302 epitope and to three pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, CFPAC-
  • cytotoxic effects of both 1 and BxPC-3 are shown to be dependent on the gradient of the target. As shown in the table below, the higher the target ratio, the higher the cytotoxicity.
  • the cytotoxicity of the chimeric antigen receptor 806-28BBZ CAR+ CD8+ T lymphocytes to U87-EGFR is as high as 98%, for U87-
  • the cytotoxicity of EGFRvIII was as high as 81%, and the cytotoxicity against the three pancreatic cancer cell lines P ANC-1, CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3 was 65%, 40% and 70%, respectively.
  • the cytotoxicity of the CD8+ T lymphocytes of the chimeric antigen receptor CD 19 -BBZ C AR+, which affects the effect of non-specific scFv in the chimeric antigen receptor, on the above three pancreatic cancer cell lines is Less than 10%, and does not exhibit a target-to-gradient dependence.

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Abstract

编码一种表达于人T细胞表面的嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸，所述嵌合抗原受体蛋白包含顺序连接的胞外结合区，跨膜区和胞内信号区，其中所述胞外结合区包含特异性识别人表皮生长因子受体EGFR的第287-302位氨基酸表位的单链抗体scFv(EGFR)。

Description

编码嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸及表达嵌合抗原受体蛋白的 τ淋巴细胞 技术领域 本发明涉及肿瘤细胞治疗领域， 更具体地， 涉及对表达 EGFRvIII或高表达 EGFR的 上皮来源的肿瘤的转基因 T淋巴细胞治疗领域。
背景技术 说
表皮生长因子受体 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, EGFR)是一种跨膜糖蛋白， 分 子量为 170KD, 是原癌基因 C-erbB-1 (HER-1)的表达产物， 广泛分布于人体各组织的细 书
胞膜上 [Alan Wells. Molecules in focus EGF receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 1999, 31 : 637- 643.] 。 其在大多数肿瘤中 （如非小细胞肺癌、 膀胱癌、 卵巢癌， 乳腺癌、 头颈部鳞 癌、 胶质细胞瘤、 胰腺癌、 食管癌、 胃癌、 前列腺癌等） 过表达和 （或） 突变， 与肿瘤 的发生发展、 恶性变、 转移及预后密切相关 [Jose B. Why the epidermal growth factor receptor? The rational for cancer therapy [J]. Oncologist, 2002, 7 (4): 2-8.]。 因此， EGFR是 肿瘤治疗的一个重要靶点。 另外， 研究表明 EGFR287-302表位仅在 EGFRvIII或过表达 EGFR的肿瘤中才暴露， 而在正常组织中该表位隐匿 [Gan HK, et. al. Targeting of a conformationally exposed, tumor-specific epitope of EGFR as a strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Res, 2012, 72(12):2924-2930.]。 提示 EGFR287-302表位是靶向 EGFR的相关肿瘤治 疗的一个理想位点。
针对 EGFR287-302表位的抗体已经被开发， 其显示良好的肿瘤特异性杀伤作用。 但 抗体治疗存在着抗体在体内血液循环中半衰期的限制， 一般来说， 半衰期大多在 23天以 内。 因此， 持续给药和 /或增大给药剂量是肿瘤抗体治疗所要求的， 这导致患者治疗成 本的增加， 以及某些情况下甚至不得已终结治疗。 另外， 治疗性抗体作为异源蛋白， 还 有可能在体内产生过敏反应及针对该治疗性抗体的中和性抗抗体的风险。
T淋巴细胞在肿瘤免疫应答中的作用日益受到重视。 基于 T淋巴细胞的过继性免疫治 疗在部分肿瘤中取得了一定的效果， 并且该种免疫治疗方法可以克服抗体治疗的上述缺 陷， 但在大多数肿瘤的疗效仍不能令人满意 [Grupp SA, et. al. Adoptive cellular therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011, 344: 149-72.]。 近年来， 根据细胞毒性 T淋巴细胞对靶 细胞的识别特异性依赖于 T细胞受体 (T Cell Receptor, TCR) 的发现， 将针对肿瘤细胞相 关抗原的抗体的 scFv与 T细胞受体的 CD3 ζ或 FCSRIY等胞内信号激活基序融合成嵌合抗原 受体（ Chimeric antigen receptor, CAR), 并将其通过如慢病毒感染等方式基因修饰在 T细 胞表面。 这种 CAR T细胞能够以主要组织相容性复合物（Maj or Histocompatibility Complex, MHC) 非限制性方式选择性地将 T淋巴细胞重新定向到肿瘤细胞并特异性地杀 伤肿瘤。 CAR T细胞是肿瘤免疫治疗领域的一个新的免疫治疗策略 [Schmitz M, et. al. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells for i Immunotherapy of Cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2010, doi: 10.1155/2010/956304.]。
嵌合抗原受体包括胞外结合区， 跨膜区和胞内信号区。 通常胞外区包含能够识别肿 瘤相关抗原的 scFv， 跨膜区采用 CD8， CD28等分子的跨膜区， 胞内信号区采用免疫受体 酷氛酸活化基序 ( immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif , ITAM) 如 CD3 ζ (即 CD3 zeta， 简称 Z ) 或 FcsRIy及共剌激信号分子 CD28、 CD137、 CD134等的胞内信号 区。
胞内信号区仅包含 ITAM的为第一代 CAR T细胞， 其中嵌合抗原受体各部分按如下 形式连接： scFv-TM-CD3 ζ。 该种 CAR Τ细胞可以激发抗肿瘤的细胞毒性效应， 但是细 胞因子分泌比较少， 并且在体内不能激发持久的抗肿瘤效应 [Zhang T. et. al. Chimeric NKG2D-modi fi ed T cells inhibit systemic T-cell lymphoma growth in a manner involving multiple cytokines and cytotoxic pathways, Cancer Res 2007, 67(22): 11029-11036.]。
随后发展的第二代 CAR T细胞加入了 CD28或 CD137(又名 4-1BB)的胞内信号区， 其 中嵌合抗原受体各部分按如下形式连接： scFv-TM-CD28 -ITAM或 scFv-TM-/CD137- ITAM。 胞内信号区发生的 B7/CD28或 4- 1 BBL/CD 137共剌激作用引起 T细胞的持续增 殖， 并能够提高 T细胞分泌 IL-2和 IFN- γ等细胞因子的水平， 同时提高 CAR T在体内的存 活周其月禾口抗肿瘤效果 [Dotti G. et.al. CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in lymphoma patients. J Clin Invest, 2011, 121(5): 1822-1826.]。
近些年发展的第三代 CAR T细胞， 其中嵌合抗原受体各部分按如下形式连接： scFv- TM-CD28-CD137-ITAM或 scFv-TM-CD28-CD134-ITAM， 进一步提高了 CAR T在体内的 存活周期禾卩其抗肿瘤效果 [Carpenito C, et al. Control of large established tumor xenografts with genetically retargeted human T cells containing CD28 and CD137 domains. PNAS, 2009, 106(9): 3360-3365. ] 0 尽管 CAR T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中具有诱人的前景， 但一些潜在的风险亦需要考 虑。 比如， 由于某些 /种正常组织低表达 CAR所能识别的特异性抗原可能造成 CAR T细胞 对表达相应抗原的正常组织的损伤。 如， 针对肾细胞癌患者肿瘤细胞上表达的抗原碳酸 酐酶 IX (CAIX)是第一个用于临床的 CAR T细胞过继治疗的案例， 也是第一个报道含 CAR细胞的脱靶效应的案例。 病人在多次输入 CAR T细胞后出现 2-4级肝毒性。 分析原 因为肝胆管上皮细胞低表达 CAIX， 原临床试验被迫中断同时排除了病人治疗效果的任 何评价。 .[Stoter G. et al. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with autologous T- lymphocytes genetically retargeted against carbonic anhydrase IX: first clinical experience. J clin oncol, 2006, 24 ( 13 ) ： e20-e22.; Ngo MC, et al. Ex vivo gene transfer for improved adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Human Molecular Genetics, 2011, R1_R7]。 另夕卜， CAR 中过多的共剌激信号会降低效应细胞激活所需的阈值， 使得基因修饰的 T细胞在低水平 抗原或没有抗原触发的条件下也可能会被活化， 导致大量细胞因子的释放以致可能引发 所谓的 "细胞因子风暴" 。 这种信号外漏 （singnal leakage) 会导致脱靶细胞毒性， 从 而产生非特异性的组织损伤。 例如， 在采用针对 Her2的第三代 CAR临床治疗一个具有肝 和肺转移的晚期结肠癌患者的过程中由于正常肺组织中低表达 Her2而引发所谓的 "细胞 因子风暴" 至夂病人粹死 [Morgan RA., et al. Report of a serious adverse event following the administration of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing Erbb2. Molecular Therapy, 2010, 18 (4): 843—851.]。
因此， 本领域存在着对克服上述缺陷的 CAR T淋巴细胞肿瘤治疗方案的强烈需求。 发明内容
本发明的第一方面涉及编码一种表达于 T细胞表面的嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸， 所 述嵌合抗原受体蛋白包含顺序连接的胞外结合区， 跨膜区和胞内信号区， 其中所述胞外 结合区包含特异性识别人表皮生长因子受体 EGFR的第 287-302位氨基酸 (EGFR287-302) 表位的单链抗体 scFV(EGFR)。 上述嵌合抗原受体蛋白的胞外结合区通过 CD8铰链区与 CD8或者 CD28的跨膜区相连接， 跨膜区后紧接胞内信号区。 本发明的多核苷酸可以是 DNA形式或 RNA形式。 DNA形式包括 cDNA、 基因组 DNA或人工合成的 DNA。 DNA可 以是单链的或是双链的。 DNA可以是编码链或非编码链。 本发明的编码嵌合抗原受体蛋 白氨基酸序列的核酸密码子可以是简并的， 即编码同一氨基酸序列的多种简并核酸序列 都包含在本发明的范围之中。 编码对应氨基酸的简并核酸密码子是本领域公知的。 本发 明还涉及上述多核苷酸的变异体， 其编码与本发明有相同的氨基酸序列的多肽或多肽的 片段、 类似物和衍生物。 此多核苷酸的变异体可以是天然发生的等位变异体或非天然发 生的变异体。 这些核苷酸变异体包括取代变异体、 缺失变异体和插入变异体。 如本领域 所知的， 等位变异体是一个多核苷酸的替换形式， 它可能是一个或多个核苷酸的取代、 缺失或插入， 但不会从实质上改变其编码的多肽的功能。
本发明还涉及与上述的序列杂交且两个序列之间具有至少 50%， 较佳地至少 70%， 更佳地至少 80%， 最佳地至少 90%或至少 95%相同性的多核苷酸。 本发明特别涉及在严 格条件下与本发明所述多核苷酸可杂交的多核苷酸。 在本发明中， "严格条件" 是指： (1)在较低离子强度和较高温度下的杂交和洗脱， 如 0.2 X SSC , 0.1%SDS， 60 °C ; 或 (2) 杂交时加有变性剂， 如 50%Cv/v;)甲酰胺， 0.1%小牛血清 /0.1% Ficoll, 42°C等； 或 (3；)仅在 两条序列之间的相同性至少在 90%以上,更好是 95%以上时才发生杂交。 并且， 可杂交的 多核苷酸编码的多肽与 SEQ ID NO:2所示的成熟多肽有相同的生物学功能和活性
特异性识别人表皮生长因子受体 EGFR的第 287-302位氨基酸表位的单克隆抗体在中 国专利文献 CN102405235和 CN101602808B中已有公开， 其他已知和将来可知的特异性 识别该表位的单克隆抗体也可以用于制备本发明的核酸所编码的嵌合抗原受体蛋白中的 单链抗体。 单链抗体可以根据上述文献公开的序列通过基因工程方法或化学合成方法制 备。 本发明中使用的术语 "单链抗体 (scFv)片段" 指的是通过如下定义的抗体片段， 其 是包含通过接头 （linker) 连接的重链可变区 (VH)和轻链可变区 (VL)的重组蛋白， 接头 使得这两个结构域相关联， 以最终形成抗原结合位点。 scFv的大小一般是一个完整抗体 的 1/6。 单链抗体优选是由一条核苷酸链编码的一条氨基酸链序列。 本发明使用的单链 抗体可单独或联合使用本领域已知的常规技术， 例如氨基酸缺失、 插入、 取代、 增加、 和 /或重组以及 /或其他修饰方法作进一步修饰。 根据一种抗体的氨基酸序列在其 DNA序 列中引入这种修饰的方法对本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的； 见例如， Sambrook, 分 子克隆： 实验手册， Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory(1989;)N.Y.。 所指的修饰优选在核酸水 平上进行。 上述单链抗体还可以包括其衍生物。 上述单链抗体衍生物包括但不限于例如 WO 89/09622中描述的嵌合抗体的产生的方法， EP-A10239400和 WO90/07861中描述的 人源化抗体产生的方法， WO91/10741,WO94/02602和 W096/33735中有描述的产生异种 抗体例如小鼠中的人抗体的方法。 本发明的术语 "特异性识别" 的意思是本发明的双特 异性抗体不与或基本上不与目标抗原以外的任意多肽交叉反应。 其特异性的程度可以通 过免疫学技术来判断， 包括但不限于免疫印迹， 免疫亲和层析， 流式细胞分析等。 在本 发明中， 特异性识别优选通过流式细胞技术来确定， 而具体情况下特异性识别的标准可 由本领域一般技术人员根据其掌握的本领域常识来判断。 跨膜区可以选自 CD8或 CD28等蛋白的跨膜区。 CD8或 CD28是 T细胞表面的天然标记 物。 人 CD8蛋白是个异二聚体， 由 α β或者 γ δ两条链组成， 本发明的一个实施方案中， 跨膜区选自 CD8 a或者 CD28的跨膜区。 此外， CD8 α铰链区 (hinge)是一个柔性区域， 因 此， CD8或 CD28和跨膜区和铰链区可以用来连接嵌合抗原受体 CAR的靶点识别结构域 scFv和胞内信号区。
胞内信号区可以选自 CD3 ζ， FcsRIy, CD28， CD137, CD134蛋白的胞内信号区， 及其组合。 CD3分子由五个亚单位组成， 其中 CD3 ζ亚单位 (又称 CD3 zeta, 简称 Z)含 有 3个 ITAM基序， 该基序是 TCR-CD3复合体中重要的信号转导区。 CD3 S Z是突变的不 具有 ITAM基序的 CD3 序列， 在本发明实践中一般作为阴性对照的构建。 FCSRIY主要分 布在肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞表面， 其含有一个 ITAM基序， 在结构、 分布及功能上与 CD3 类似。 此外如前所述， CD28， CD137, CD134是共剌激信号分子， 在与各自配体 结合后其胞内信号区段产生的共剌激作用引起 T细胞的持续增殖， 并能够提高 T细胞分泌 IL-2和 IFN- γ等细胞因子的水平， 同时提高 CAR T细胞在体内的存活周期和抗肿瘤效 果。 本发明的核酸所编码的嵌合抗原受体蛋白可以是选自包含顺序连接的胞外结合 区， 跨膜区和胞内信号区的如下的嵌合抗原受体蛋白：
scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD 137-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD 137-CD3 ζ，
及其组合， 其中相关嵌合抗原受体蛋白中的第一个 CD28代表其跨膜区， 第二个
CD28代表其胞内信号区。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 本发明的核酸具有如 SEQ ID ΝΟ: 1~4所述的序列。 在 本发明的另一个实施方案中， 本发明的核酸是编码具有如 SEQ ID NO:31~34之一的嵌合 抗原受体蛋白的核酸。
本发明的第二方面包括包含上述编码一种表达于 T细胞表面的嵌合抗原受体蛋白的 核酸的载体。 在一个具体实施方案中， 本发明使用的载体是一种慢病毒质粒载体 pPWT- eGFP o 该质粒属于第三代自灭活慢病毒载体系统， 该系统共有三个质粒即编码蛋白 Gag/PoK 编码 Rev蛋白的包装质粒 psPAX2; 编码 VSV-G蛋白的包膜质粒 PMD2.G; 及空 载体 pPWT-eGFP， 其可以用于重组引入目的核酸序列， 即编码 CAR的核酸序列。 空载体 pPWT-eGFP (其本身为后续试验中的 mock ) 中由延长因子 -1 α ( elongation factor- 1 α， EF-1 α ) 启动子调控增强型绿色荧光蛋白 ( enhanced green fluorescent protein , eGFP ) 的表达。 而包含编码 CAR的目的核酸序列的重组表达载体 pWPT-eGFP是通过由 来自口蹄疫病毒（food and mouthvires disease， FMDV)的核糖体跳跃序列（ribosomal skipping sequence 2A) (简称 F2A) 实现 eGFP与 CAR的共表达的。
本发明的第三方面包括包含上述载体的病毒。 本发明的病毒包括包装后的具有感染 力的病毒， 也包括包含包装为具有感染力的病毒所必需成分的待包装的病毒。 本领域内 已知的其他转染 T细胞的病毒及其对应的质粒载体也可用于本发明。
在本发明的一个实施方案中， 所述病毒是包含上述 pWPT-eGFP-F2A-CAR重组载体 (即含有 SCFV(EGFR;)-C AR)的慢病毒。
本发明的第四方面包括一种转基因 T淋巴细胞， 其被转导有本发明的核酸或被转导 有本发明的上述包含所述含有该核酸的重组质粒， 或包含该质粒的病毒系统。 本领域常 规的核酸转导方法， 包括非病毒和病毒的转导方法都可以用于本发明。 基于非病毒的转 导方法包括电穿孔法和转座子法。 近期 Amaxa公司研发的 nucleofector核转染仪能够直接 将外源基因导入细胞核获得目的基因的高效转导。 另外， 基于睡美人转座子 （Sleeping Beauty system ) 或 PiggyBac转座子等转座子系统的转导效率较普通电穿孔有较大提高， 将 nucleofector转染仪与 SB睡美人转座子系统联合应用已有报道 [Davies JK.， et al. Combining CD 19 redirection and alloanergization to generate tumor-specific human T cells for allogeneic cell therapy of B-cell malignancies. Cancer Res, 2010, 70(10): OFl-10.], 该方 法既能够具有较高的转导效率又能够实现目的基因的定点整合。 在本发明的一个实施方 案中， 实现嵌合抗原受体基因修饰的 T淋巴细胞的转导方法是基于病毒如逆转录病毒或 慢病毒的转导方法。 该方法具有转导效率高， 外源基因能够稳定表达， 且可以缩短体外 培养 T淋巴细胞到达临床级数量的时间等优点。 在该转基因 T淋巴细胞表面， 转导的核酸 通过转录、 翻译表达在其表面。 通过对各种不同的培养的肿瘤细胞进行体外细胞毒实验 证明， 本发明的表面表达嵌合抗原受体的转基因 τ淋巴细胞具有高度特异性的肿瘤细胞 杀伤效果 （亦称细胞毒性） 。 因此本发明的编码嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸， 包含该核酸 的质粒， 包含该质粒的病毒和转染有上述核酸， 质粒或病毒的转基因 τ淋巴细胞可以有 效地用于肿瘤的免疫治疗。
附图说明
图 1 显示的是作为示例的本发明的包含编码 CAR序列的慢病毒载体 pWPT-eGFP- F2A-CAR的结构示意图。
图 2 显示的是作为示例的包含在慢病毒载体中的本发明的 CAR的不同区之间连接关 系的示意图， 其中由核糖体跳跃序列 F2A连接的 eGFP和 svFv(EGFR)特异性嵌合抗原受体 图 3 显示的是 Mlu/和 Sal/双酶切鉴定实施例 1的慢病毒质粒的核酸电泳图。 其中 Ml 是 DS2000分子量标记物 （广州东盛生物科技有限公司） ； M2是 Hind III 标记物 （广州 东盛生物科技有限公司） 。 泳道 1-6分别是 1 : pWPT-eGFP; 2: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806- δ Ζ; 3 : pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806-Z; 4: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806-BBZ; 5: pWPT-eGFP-F2A-806- 28Z; 6: pWPT-eGFP-F2 A-806-28BBZ； 。 图 4 显示的是本发明实施例 2的病毒感染 CD8+ T淋巴细胞后细胞表达的 eGFP的流式 细胞技术检测结果
图 5 显示的是本发明实施例 2的表达不同嵌合抗原受体 （CAR+) 的 CD8+ T淋巴细胞 的体外生长情况。 图中显示在病毒感染后第 14天， 表达不同嵌合抗原受体的 CD8+ T体外 扩增 35-50倍。
图 6 显示的是用于本发明实施例 3的各种肿瘤细胞系表面 EGFR287-302表位的表达 情况的流式细胞技术检测结果 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例， 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解， 这些实施例仅用于说明本发明 而不能理解为用于限制本发明的范围。 下面实施例中如未注明具体条件的实验方法， 则 按照常规条件如 Sambrook等， "分子克隆： 实验手册 （New York: Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, 1989) " 中所述的条件， 而在实施例中明确说明有试剂公司说明书 时， 则按照说明书所建议的条件进行。 实施例 1. 表达本发明的嵌合抗原受体的慢病毒质粒的构建
下表 1解释了本发明示例的嵌合抗原受体各部分的连接顺序， 该连接还可参见图 2中 所示。
表 1
嵌合抗原受体 胞外结合区-跨膜区 -胞内信号区 1-胞内信号区 2 etc 描述
806- δ Ζ scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD3 δ zeta 阴性对照
806-Ζ scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD3 zeta 第一代
806-ΒΒΖ scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD137-CD3 zeta 第二代
806-28Ζ scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD3 zeta 第二代
806-28ΒΒΖ scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD137-CD3 zeta 第三代 1.核酸片段的扩增
(l) scFV(EGFR;)序列的扩增
scFv(EGFR)序列的扩增以本实验室构建的单链双功能抗体核苷酸 806/CD3或 hu7B3/CD3为模板， 模板的序列分别参见中国专利申请 201210094008.x中的 SEQ ID NO: 10和 1 1。 扩增所采用的引物对为
上游引物 5 ' -gacatcctgatgacccaatctccatcctc-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO： 5 ) 和下游引物 5 ' - tgcagagacagtgaccagagtcccttgg-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO: 6) 用于扩增 806 scFv(EGFR); 以及上游引物 5 ' -gatattcagatgacccagagcccg-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO： 7 ) 和下游引物 5 ' - gctgctcacggtcaccagggtg-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO:8 ) 用于扩增 hu7B3 scFv (EGFR) 。 在两种情况下， 目的扩增条带大小均为 720bp。 PCR扩增条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 40s; 退火： 58°C， 40s; 延伸： 68°C， 40s; 进行 25个循环， 然后总延伸 68°C， lOmino PCR扩增条带通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳确认符合预计的片 段大小。
阴性对照 scFv(CD19)的序列根据 GenBank的 FMC63-28Z (HM852952.1 ) 序列确 定， 序列由上海锐劲生物技术有限公司通过全基因合成获得。
(2) 嵌合抗原受体其他部分的核酸序列
嵌合抗原受体蛋白的其他部分及连接这些部分的铰链区的扩增如下： 力口 lml Trizol ( Invitrogen公司） 于 1 X 107健康人外周血单个核细胞 （上海市血液中心提 供） 中裂解细胞后， 采用酚-氯仿法抽提总 RNA， 采用 ImProm-IFM 逆转录试剂盒 ( promaga公司） 逆转录制备 cDNA。 以上述制备的 cDNA为模板， 分别：
( a) 以上游引物 5 ' -cactgtctctgcaaccacgacgccagcg-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO:9 ) 禾卩下游引 物 5'-ggtgataaccagtgacaggag-3' ( SEQ ID NO: 10 ) 扩增获得 CD8 α铰链区 -跨膜 区， PCR 扩增条件为预变性： 94 °C， 4min ; 变性： 94 °C， 30s ; 退火： 58 °C， 30s; 延伸： 68 °C， 30s ; 进行 25个循环， 然后总延伸 68 °C， 10min。 条带理论大 小为 198bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
( b ) 以上游引物 5 ' -cactgtctctgcaaccacgacgccagcg-3 ' ( SEQ ID ΝΟ: 11 ) 和下游 弓 I物 5'- gaggtcgacctacgcgggggcgtctgcgctcctgctgaacttcactctggtgataaccagtg-3' ( SEQ
ID NO: 12 ) 扩增获得 CD8 α铰链区-跨膜区 -delta Ζ(δΖ), PCR 扩增条件同上。 条 带理论大小为 234bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。 (c) 以上游引物 5'-ttttgggtgctggtggtggttgg-3， (SEQ ID NO: 13) 和下游引物 5'- gctgaacttcactctggagcgataggctgcgaag-3' ( SEQ ID NO:14) 扩增获得 CD28跨膜区-胞 内信号区片段， PCR 扩增条件同上， 条带理论大小为 465bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖 电泳确认与理论大小一致。
(d) 以上游引物 5'-aaacggggcagaaagaaactc-3， (SEQ ID NO: 15) 和下游引物 5 '- cagttcacatcctccttc-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16) 扩增获得 CD137胞内区， PCR扩增条件同 上， 条带理论大小为 126bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
( e ) 以上游引物 5 ' -cactggttatcaccagagtgaagttcagcaggagc-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO: 17) 禾口 下游引物 5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg-3' (SEQ ID NO:18) 扩增获得 CD3 zeta 信号区， PCR 扩增条件同上， 条带理论大小为 339bp， 扩增产物经琼脂 糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
2.核酸片段的拼接
(a) 以上游引物 5'-accacgacgccagcgccg -3' ( SEQ ID NO: 19) 禾卩下游引物 5'- cacccagaaaataataaag-3' (SEQ ID NO:20) 拼接获得 CD8 α铰链区 -CD28跨膜区， 拼接条 件： CD8a铰链区 （50ng) + CD28跨膜区 （50ng) 预变性： 94 ， 4min; 变性： 94 V， 30s; 退火： 60°C， 30s; 延伸： 68°C， 30s, 进行 5个循环， 然后总延伸 68°C， lOmin, 补 充 DNA聚合酶及上下游引物后 PCR扩增 25个循环， 扩增条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变 性： 94°C， 30s; 退火： 60°C， 30s; 延伸： 68 °C， 30s, 进行 25个循环， 然后总延伸 68°C， lOmino 理论大小为 216bp。 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
(b) 以上游引物 5'- agagtgaagttcagcaggagcgcag-3' (SEQ ID NO:21) 和下游引物 5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg-3' (SEQ ID NO:18) 拼接扩增获得 4-1BB胞内信 号区和 CD3 zeta, 即为 BBZ， 拼接和 PCR 扩增条件同上。 条带理论大小为 465bp， 扩增 产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
(c) 以上游引物 5'-cactgtctctgcaaccacgacgccagcg-3， (SEQ ID NO :22) 和下游引物 5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg-3' (SEQ ID NO: 18) 将等摩尔的 CD8 α铰链区 -跨膜区与 CD3 zeta (约 50ng) 拼接及 PCR获得 CD8- CD3 zeta (即 CD8-Z), 拼接和 PCR扩 增条件同上。 理论大小为 537bp。 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
(d) 以上游引物 5'-cactgtctctgcaaccacgacgccagcg-3， (SEQ ID NO :23) 禾卩下游引物
5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg-3' (SEQ ID NO:18) 将 CD8 α铰链区-跨膜区 与 BBZ拼接及 PCR获得目的片段： CD8-CD137-CD3 zeta (即 CD8-BBZ), 拼接和 PCR扩增 条件同上。 理论大小为 663bp。 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
( e ) 以上游引物 5'-accacgacgccagcgccg-3， ( SEQ ID NO:24 ) 禾卩下游引物 5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg -3' ( SEQ ID NO: 18 ) 将 CD8铰链区 -CD28跨膜区 与 Z采用同上的拼接和 PCR扩增获得目的片段： CD8铰链区 -CD28跨膜区 -28Z胞内区） ， 拼接和 PCR扩增条件同上。 条带理论大小为 678bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论 大小一致。
( f ) 以上游引物 5'-accacgacgccagcgccg-3， ( SEQ ID NO: 19 ) 禾卩下游引物 5'- cgaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatg-3' ( SEQ ID NO: 18 ) 将 CD8铰链区与 PCR获得的 CD28跨膜区 -胞内信号区片段与 BBZ拼接， 获得目的片段： CD8铰链区 -CD28TM- 28BBZ, 其理论大小为 804bp， 拼接扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
( g) 以等摩尔的上述扩增得到的分别带有铰链区和跨膜区的 δ Ζ、 Ζ及 28ΒΒΖ核酸 片段， 分别与等摩尔的单链抗体核酸序列 scFv806或者 SCFvCD19 (质量约为 50ng) 进行 拼接并 PCR， 条件同上述片段拼接和 PCR扩增， 以图 2所示的模式拼接获得编码嵌合抗 体 806- δ Ζ、 806-Ζ、 806-ΒΒΖ、 806-28Ζ及 806-28ΒΒΖ的核酸序列。
3.质粒载体的构建
本实施例使用的载体系统属于第三代自灭活慢病毒载体系统， 该系统共有三个质粒 即编码蛋白 Gag/Pol、 编码 Rev蛋白的包装质粒 psPAX2 ; 编码 VSV-G蛋白的包膜质粒 PMD2.G及基于空载体 pPWT-eGFP的编码目的基因 CAR的重组表达载体。
在空载体 pPWT-eGFP中， 延长因子 -1 a ( elongation factor- 1 α , EF-1 α ) 的启动子 调控增强型绿色荧光蛋白 （enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP) 的表达， 而在编 码目的基因 CAR的重组表达载体中通过来自口蹄疫病毒的核糖体跳跃序列 （food and mouth virus disease, FMDV, ribosomal skipping sequence, F2A)实现 eGFP与目的基因 CAR的共表达。 F2A是来自口蹄疫病毒的 2A (或称为 "自剪切多肽 2A")的一段核心序 列， 具备 2A的 "自剪切" 功能， 可以实现上游和下游基因共表达。 2A由于其剪切效率 高、 上下游基因表达平衡性高及自身序列短小的优点为构建基因治疗多顺反子载体提供 了一种有效的可行策略。 尤其在基于嵌合抗原受体基因修饰 T淋巴细胞的免疫治疗中多 应用该序列实现目的基因与 GFP或者 eGFP的共表达， 通过检测 GFP或者 eGFP即可间接检 测 CAR的表达。
本实施例构建了由 F2A相连的 eGFP与特异性 CAR共表达的慢病毒表达载体， 统称为 pWPT-eGFP-F2A-CAR。 拼接 eGFP-F2A-CAR各部分的方法如下：
通过引物拼接的方法获得包含 F2A ( 66bp ) -CD8 a信号肽 （63bp ) 及与上游 eGFP和 下游 CAR拼配的少许核酸 （约 18bp) 序列的片段， 理论大小为 165bp， 引物分别为： 5 ' -attcaaagtctgtttcacgctactagctagtccg-3 ' (SEQ ID NO :25)
5 ' -gtgaaacagactttgaattttgaccttctgaagttggcaggagacgttgagtccaac-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:26)
5 ' -agcggcaggagcaaggcggtcactggtaaggccatgggcccagggttggactcaacgtc-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:27) 5 ' -ctcctgccgctggccttgctgctccacgccgccaggccggacatcctgatgacccaatc-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:28) 引物拼接条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 20s； 退火： 50°C， 20s； 延 伸： 68°C， 30s, 进行 25个循环， 然后总延伸 68°C， 10min。 扩增产物 （经琼脂糖电泳确 认与理论大小一致。
以上游弓 I物 5 ' -cttacgcgtcctagcgctaccggtcgccaccatggtgagcaagggcgaggag-3 ' (SEQ ID ^^0:29)和下游引物5'-§ & &§ &§ 0§§&0«§1&0&§0 § 。&1§ -3' (SEQ ID NO:30) 扩增目的 基因 eGFP， 以 pWPT-eGFP空载体为模板， PCR扩增条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变 性： 94 ， 40s; 退火： 56°C， 40s； 延伸： 68 °C， 40s, 进行 25个循环， 然后总延伸 68°C， lOmin, 理论大小为 735bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
以上游弓 I物 5 ' -cttacgcgtcctagcgctaccggtcgccaccatggtgagcaagggcgaggag-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:29)禾口下游弓 I物 5 ' -gaggtcgacctacgcgggggcgtctgcgctcctgctgaacttcactctggtgataaccagtg-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:12)采用上述获得的等摩尔的 F2A-CD8a信号肽片段、 eGFP及 806- δ Z (约 80ng) 拼接获得 eGFP-F2A-806- δ Z， 拼接条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 40s; 退火： 62°C， 40s; 延伸： 68°C， 140s, 扩增 5个循环后， 补充合适体积的 DNA聚 合酶及上下游引物后 PCR扩增 25个循环， 扩增条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 40s; 退火： 62°C， 40s; 延伸： 68°C， 140s。 理论大小为 1861bp， 扩增产物经琼 脂糖电泳确认与理论大小一致。
以上游弓 I物 5 ' -cttacgcgtcctagcgctaccggtcgccaccatggtgagcaagggcgaggag-3 ' ( SEQ ID NO:29) 禾口下游弓 I物 5'- gaggtcgacctagcgagggggcagggcctgcatgtgaag-3' (SEQ ID NO:18) 采用上述获得的等摩尔的 F2A和 CD8 α信号肽片段、 eGFP及 806-Z、 806-BBZ、 CD19- BBZ 、 806-28Z及 806-28BBZ (约 80ng) 分别拼接。 拼接条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 40s; 退火： 62°C， 40s; 延伸： 68°C， 140s, 扩增 5个循环后， 补充合适体 积的 DNA聚合酶及上下游引物后 PCR扩增 25个循环， 扩增条件为预变性： 94°C， 4min; 变性： 94°C， 40s; 退火： 62°C, 40s; 延伸： 68°C， 140s。
获得 eGFP-F2A-806-Z， eGFP-F2A-806-BBZ， eGFP-F2A-806-28Z禾口 eGFP-F2A-806- 28BB Z理论大小分别为 2164bp， 2290bp， 2305bp， 2431bp， 扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳确认 与理论大小一致。 其中在开放阅读框的上下游引入 Mlul和 Sail酶切位点。 上述获得的目 的基因 eGFP-F2A-CAR由 Mlul和 Sail双酶切， 连入同样双酶切的 pWPT载体中， 构建成功 的表达各嵌合抗原受体的慢病毒载体经 Mlul和 Sail酶切鉴定 （图 3) 及序列测定正确后进 行慢病毒包装。
如前所述， eGFP-F2A-CAR转录为一条 mRNA， 但翻译为 eGFP和抗 EGFR287-302嵌 合抗原受体两个蛋白， 在 CD8a信号肽的作用下， 抗 EGFR287-302嵌合抗原受体将定位 在细胞膜上。
4.质粒转染 293T包装慢病毒
以 6X106的密度接种培养至第 6〜10代的 293T细胞 （ATCC: CRL- 11268) 于 10cm培 养皿中， 37°C， 5% C02培养过夜准备用于转染。 培养基为含 10%胎牛血清 （PAA公司） 的 DMEM (PAA公司） ， 次日， 在转染前约 2小时更换培养液为无血清 DMEM。
转染的步骤如下：
4.1 将 20 g空质粒 pWPT-eGFP (mock对照） 或 20 μ g目的基因质粒 pWPT-eGFP- F2A-CAR, 分别与 15 包装质粒 PAX2: 禾口 6 μ g包膜质粒 pMD2.G: ， 溶入 500 yLMillQ水中， 混匀，
4.2 逐滴加入62μL2.5MCaCl2 ( Sigma 公司） ， 以 1200rpm/min vortex混匀， 4.3 最后逐滴加入 500 yL2 XHeBS (280mMNaCl, lOmMKCl, 1.5mM
Na2HP04*2H20, 12mM葡萄糖， 50mM Hepes ( Sigma 公司） ， pH7.05, 0.22 μ M 过滤除菌） ， 1200rpm/min vortex混匀 10s，
4.4 立即逐滴加入培养皿中， 轻轻摇匀， 37°C， 5%C02， 培养 4〜6h后， 更换为 含 10%胎牛血清的 DMEM。
在转染次日观察转染效率 （即呈绿色荧光的细胞比例） ， 〜80%的阳性转染效率即 为转染实验成功。 在转染 48h或 72h后， 使用 0.45μιη滤器 （Millipore公司） 过滤收集病 毒， 然后采用 Beckman OptimaL-lOOXP超速离心机 28000rpm， 4°C离心 2小时， 弃离心上 清， 离心所得沉淀用 1/10 1/50原液体积的 Quantum 007培养液 （PAA公司） 进行重悬， 以 lOOwL/管分装冻存于 -80°C， 以待病毒滴定或感染 T淋巴细胞。
5.测定包装有 mock或者 eGFP-F2A-CAR的慢病毒滴度
第一天， 以 lX105/mL接种 293T细胞于 96孔培养板， lOOyL/孔， 37°C， 5% C02培 养， 培养液为含 10%胎牛血清的 DMEM。 第二天， 弃 50μΙ 孔培养上清， 补加 50wL/孔 新鲜上述培养液， 并含终浓度为 6wg/mL的 polybrene, 37°C， 5% C02孵育 30min。 力口 10 W L/孔的病毒原液或 1 W L/孔的病毒浓缩液， 5倍稀释， 4个梯度， 两个复孔， 37°C， 5% C02培养。 感染 48h后， 流式细胞仪检测 eGFP， 以阳性率为 5〜20%的细胞数为宜， 计算 滴度 (U/mL)=阳性率 X稀释倍数 X 100 X 104。 磷酸钙转染法包装病毒的滴度约 0.5〜2 X 106U/mL， 经浓缩后所测的病毒滴度约为 2 X 107U/mL。 实施例 2. 重组慢病毒感染 CD8+T淋巴细胞
由健康人外周血通过密度梯度离心法获得人外周血单个核细胞 （上海市血液中心提 供） ， 外周血单个核细胞通过 CD8+ T淋巴细胞磁珠（Stem Cell Technologies)负性分选 方法获得 CD8+ T淋巴细胞， 分选后的 CD8+ T淋巴细胞进行流式细胞检测 CD8+T淋巴细胞 的纯度， 以 CD8+T淋巴细胞的阳性率 95%为宜进行下一步操作。 以约 l X 106/mL密度加 入 Quantum 007淋巴细胞培养基液 （PAA公司） 培养并以细胞： 磁珠比例为 1 : 1加入同时 包被有抗 CD3和 CD28抗体的磁珠 （Invitrogen公司） 和终浓度 100U/mL的重组人 IL-2(上 海华新生物高技术有限公司)剌激培养 24h。 然后以 MOI 5用上述重组慢病毒感染 CD8+ T淋巴细胞。 感染后的细胞每隔一天采用 5 X 105/mL的密度进行传代， 同时在淋巴细胞培 养液中补加终浓度 100U/mL的重组人 IL-2。
感染的 CD8+ T淋巴细胞在培养第 7天时通过流式细胞检测各不同嵌合抗原受体表 达， 由于 eGFP与 CAR共表达， 检测 eGFP的阳性细胞即为表达嵌合抗原受体的阳性细胞
(图 4 ) 。 以未感染的 T淋巴细胞作为阴性对照， 表达不同嵌合抗原受体的病毒感染 CD8+ T淋巴细胞其阳性率如下表所示。 该阳性率结果表明通过慢病毒感染的方法能够获 得一定阳性率的 CAR+ T淋巴细胞。
表 2
Figure imgf000014_0001
CD8+ T淋巴细胞在分别感染包装有不同嵌合抗原受体的病毒后， 以细胞密度为 5 X 105/ml隔天传代培养、 计数、 并对传代的细胞培养液补加 IL-2(终浓度为 100U/ml)， 培养 第 14天约有 35〜55倍的扩增 (见图 5)， 表明表达不同嵌合抗原受体的 CD8+T淋巴细胞在体 外能够进行一定数量的扩增， 为后续体外毒性试验及体内试验提供了保证。 实施例 3. 检测 EGFR287-302表位在上皮来源肿瘤细胞系中的暴露情况
使用流式细胞检测方法通过荧光激活细胞分选仪 (FACSCalibur, 来自 Becton
Dickinson)检测几种上皮来源的肿瘤细胞表面 EGFR287-302表位的暴露情况。 使用的材 料包括：
( 1 ) 本实验室构建的识别该位点的单克隆抗体 CH12(构建方法参见中国专利 CN 101602808B, 实施例 1-4)作为为一抗 （终浓度 20 y g/ml， lOO L/样品） ，
( 2) FITC标记的羊抗人 IgG为二抗 （AOGMA公司） ， 表位暴露情况的具体检测方法如下：
1. 取对数生长期的如表 3所列各肿瘤细胞接种到 6cm平皿中， 接种细胞密 度 约为 90 %， 37°C孵箱过夜培养。
2. 使用 10mM的 EDTA消化细胞， 200gx5min离心收集细胞。 以〜 1 x 107/mL的浓度 重悬于含 1%小牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲液 （1%NBS/PBS)中， 按 100 μ ΐ/管的量加入 流式专用管中。
3. 200gx5min离心， 弃上清。
4. 实验组分别加入待测抗体 CH12, 同时一个对照组加入无关抗体作为阴性对照， 另一个对照组为不加抗体的 PBS空白对照。 各抗体的终浓度均为 20μ§/ιη1， 每管 加入 100ul。 冰浴， 45分钟。
5. 每管加入 2ml 1%NBS/PBS， 以 200gx5min离心， 共二遍。
6. 弃上清， 加入 1 :50稀释的 FITC标记的羊抗人 IgG， 每管加入 100ul。 冰浴， 45分 钟。
7. 每管加入 2ml 1%NBS/PBS， 以 200gx5min离心， 共二遍。
8. 弃上清， 重悬于 300ul 1%NBS PBS中， 流式细胞仪检测。
9. 应用流式细胞仪数据分析软件 WinMDI 2.9分析数据。 结果如图 6所示， 在脑胶质瘤细胞系 U87中的检测不到 EGFR287-302表位的暴露， 而 在外源过表达 EGFR的 U87-EGFR (本实验自行构建和保种， 构建方法根据： Wang H.， et al.， Identification of an Ex on 4-Deletion Variant of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with Increased Metastasis-Promoting Capacity. Neoplasia, 2011, 13, 461 - 471. ) 及过表达
EGFRvIII的 U87-EGFRvIII (本实验室自行构建和保种， 构建方法根据： WO/201 1/035465 ) 中能够检测到 EGFR287-302表位， 此外在 3个胰腺癌细胞系 PANC-1、 CFPAC-1和 BxPC-3中均能检测至 IJEGFR287-302表位的暴露。
表 3
Figure imgf000016_0001
实施例 4. 表达嵌合抗原受体细胞的体外毒性效果实验
体外毒性实验使用的材料如下：
靶细胞分别为上表所示的 6种细胞。 效应细胞为体外培养 12天的 FACS检测嵌合抗原 受体表达的阳性细胞记为嵌合抗原受体阳性 （CAR+) 的 CD8+T淋巴细胞，
效靶比视情况分别为 3 : 1， 1 : 1和 1 :3或者 5 : 1， 2.5 : 1和 1 : 1， 靶细胞数量为 10000/孔， 根 据不同效靶比对应效应细胞。 各组均设 4个复孔， 取四个复孔的平均值。 检测时间为第 18h或 20h。
其中各实验组和各对照组如下：
各实验组： 各靶细胞 +表达不同嵌合抗原受体的 CD8+ T淋巴细胞，
对照组 1 : 靶细胞最大释放 LDH，
对照组 2: 靶细胞自发释放 LDH，
对照组 3： 效应细胞自发释放 LDH。
检测方法： 采用 CytoTox 96非放射性细胞毒性检测试剂盒 （Promega公司） 进行。 该方法是基于比色法的检测方法， 可替代 51Cr释放法。 CytoTox 96®检测定量地测量乳 酸脱氢酶 (LDH)。 LDH是一种稳定的胞质酶， 在细胞裂解时会释放出来， 其释放方式与 51Cr在放射性分析中的释放方式基本相同。 释放出的 LDH培养基上清中， 可通过 30分钟 偶联的酶反应来检测， 在酶反应中 LDH可使一种四唑盐 （INT) 转化为红色的甲臜
( formazan) 。 生成的红色产物的量与裂解的细胞数成正比。 具体参照 CytoTox 96非放 射性细胞毒性检测试剂盒说明书。
细胞毒性计算公式为： 细胞毒性％ = X 100%
Figure imgf000017_0001
实验结果表明：
本发明的表达 scFv(EGFR)-806-Z CAR+的 CD8+T淋巴细胞和 806-28BBZ CAR+的 CD8+T淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞 U87-EGFRvIII表现出非常显著的细胞毒性， 分别高达 55.5% 和 85%。
此外上述本发明的 CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒性是高度肿瘤特异性的， 因为相对于对 暴露 EGFR287-302表位的肿瘤细胞 U87-EGFRvIII的高细胞毒性的同时， 作为对比的是其 显示出对不暴露 EGFR287-302表位的肿瘤细胞 U87很低的细胞毒性， 在两种情况下均小 于 2%。 同时， 作为实验结果可靠性证据的空白对照的空质粒 (mock)转染的 T细胞和作为 阴性对照的评价原始 T细胞内效应分子影响的嵌合抗原受体 806- δ Z转基因 T细胞也均对 U87和 U87-EGFRvIII表现出几乎相同的很低的细胞毒性％。 上述实验是在效靶比为 5： 1， 作用时间 20h时测定的。
表 4
Figure imgf000017_0002
此外， 在不同效靶比的情况下， 在作用时间 18h时测定的本发明的表达 scFv(EGFR)- 806-Z CAR+的 CD8+T淋巴细胞， 禾 P806-28BBZ CAR+的 CD8+T淋巴细胞对暴露 EGFR287- 302表位的肿瘤细胞 U87-EGFR和 U87-EGFRvIII和对三个胰腺癌细胞系 PANC-l , CFPAC-
1和 BxPC-3的细胞毒性作用均呈现出效靶比梯度的依赖性， 如下表所示， 效靶比越高， 细胞毒性越高。
表 5
Figure imgf000017_0003
U87 -2 -14 -25 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
U87-EGFR 98 49 29 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
U87-EGFRvIII 81 41 13 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
PANC-1 65 28 13 60 34 18 -7 -1 1 -8
CFPAC-1 40 22 9 43 35 12 8 8 6
BxPC-3 70 49 24 44 24 14 7 10 8 在效靶比 3 : 1时， 嵌合抗原受体 806-28BBZ CAR+的 CD8+T淋巴细胞对 U87-EGFR的 细胞毒性高达 98%， 对 U87-EGFRvIII的细胞毒性高达 81 %， 对三个胰腺癌细胞系 P ANC- 1， CFPAC-1和 BxPC-3的细胞毒性分别为 65%、 40%和 70%。
而作为阴性对照的评价非特异性 scFv在嵌合抗原受体中的影响的嵌合抗原受体 CD 19 -BBZ C AR+的 CD 8+T淋巴细胞对上述三个胰腺癌细胞系的细胞毒性％都小于 10%， 并且不表现出效靶比梯度依赖性。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 编码一种表达于人 τ细胞表面的嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸， 所述嵌合抗原受体蛋 白包含顺序连接的胞外结合区， 跨膜区和胞内信号区， 其中所述胞外结合区包含 特异性识别人表皮生长因子受体 EGFR的第 287-302位氨基酸表位的单链抗体 scFv(EGFR
2. 权利要求 1所述的核酸， 其中跨膜区选自包含 CD8或 CD28的跨膜区和铰链区的序 列。
3. 权利要求 1或 2的核酸， 其中胞内信号区选自 CD3 ζ， FcsRIy, CD28， CD137 ,
CD134的胞内信号区序列， 及其组合。
4. 权利要求 3的核酸， 其中所述嵌合抗原受体蛋白是选自包含顺序连接的胞外结合 区， 跨膜区和胞内信号区的如下的嵌合抗原受体蛋白：
scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD8-CD 137-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD3 ζ，
scFv(EGFR)-CD28-CD28-CD 137-CD3 ζ，
及其组合， 其中相关嵌合抗原受体蛋白中的第一个 CD28代表其跨膜区， 第二个 CD28代表其胞内信号区。
5. 权利要求 1的核酸， 选自编码具有 SEQ ID NO:31〜34之一序列的嵌合抗原受体蛋 白的核酸。
6. 权利要求 1的核酸， 具有 SEQ ID NO: l〜4之一的序列。
7. 包含权利要求 1-6之一所述的核酸的载体。
8. 权利要求 7所述的载体， 该载体来自慢病毒质粒 pWPT-eGFP。
9. 包含权利要求 7或 8所述核酸的病毒。
10.—种转基因 T淋巴细胞， 其被转导有权利要求 1-6之一的核酸或权利要求 7或 8所述 的载体或权利要求 9所述的病毒。 一种转基因 T淋巴细胞， 其表面表达一种嵌合抗原受体， 所述嵌合抗原受体由权 利要求 1-6所述之一的核酸编码表达。
PCT/CN2014/077517 2014-05-14 2014-05-14 编码嵌合抗原受体蛋白的核酸及表达嵌合抗原受体蛋白的t淋巴细胞 WO2015172339A1 (zh)

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