WO2015163258A1 - 強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion and a method for producing the same.
- a transparent conductive film has been widely used as a transparent electrode with the expansion of the solar cell market and the growing demand for touch panels due to the rapid spread of smartphones and tablet terminals.
- a transparent conductive film is often used from the viewpoint of weight reduction, thinning and flexibility, and most of them are ITO films using indium tin oxide as a conductive layer.
- the ITO film has a problem of color tone due to low light transmittance in the long wavelength region, and because ITO is a semiconductor, there is a limit to high conductivity, and since the conductive layer is ceramic, it is foldable. There was a problem. For this reason, there has been a demand for a flexible film having higher transmittance and higher conductivity.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 various transparent conductive films using metal nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal fine wires constituting a mesh structure, and silver nanowires have been proposed as next-generation transparent conductive films.
- the conductivity of the carbon nanotubes as the conductive filler was inferior to that of metal materials, so the performance as a transparent conductive film was not satisfied.
- the transparent conductive film which consists of a metal mesh structure has high electroconductivity, there existed problems, such as a metal fine wire being visible.
- a transparent conductive film using metal nanowires can achieve both conductivity and transparency.
- the metal nanowire used for the transparent conductive film silver is widely used from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- silver has a high conductivity, it is a metal material that is very susceptible to ion migration, and thus has an adverse effect on the insulation between the film substrate and the wiring.
- a nanostructure such as a nanowire, even a minute shape change causes a remarkable change in electrical characteristics. Therefore, the transparent conductive film using silver nanowires as a conductive material has a problem that the reliability of devices and the like is reduced.
- Patent Documents 4 to 5 a method has been proposed in which the silver nanowire surface is coated with another metal material by plating or the like to impart ion migration resistance and improve stability.
- Patent Documents 4 to 5 these methods involve plating and sulfidation on the surface of the obtained silver nanowire, and the process becomes complicated, and other metals are formed only on the surface, so there are problems with uniformity, durability, and conductivity. was there.
- Patent Document 6 Since the metal nanowire is produced inside the carbon nanotube, the metal nanowire cannot be used alone, and further processing at a high temperature is necessary (Patent Document 6). There is a problem that only a relatively short nanowire can be obtained when the length of the wire is up to about 10 ⁇ m (Patent Documents 7 and 8).
- Patent Documents 9 to 10 A method for obtaining a ferromagnetic metal nanowire having a long nanowire length has been proposed (Patent Documents 9 to 10).
- the nanowires obtained by these methods are not supposed to be dispersed, the nanowires are long, but the nanowires are intertwined in a complicated manner and aggregated into a sheet or cotton form. .
- the nanowire obtained by the method is suitable for use as a structure such as a battery electrode material, but it is difficult to defibrate while maintaining the nanowire shape, and the paint is used as a dispersion. And could not be applied to ink.
- Patent Document 11 A method for obtaining a dispersed ferromagnetic metal nanowire is disclosed (Patent Document 11).
- a dispersion liquid in which metal nanowires having a length of about 100 ⁇ m are dispersed in a solvent is obtained.
- nanowires are likely to precipitate and agglomerate, and in order for the nanowire film obtained from the dispersion to have conductivity, plating with a noble metal is essential.
- the nanowire fabrication method was inferior in productivity because of the template method.
- This invention solves the said subject, and can provide the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid excellent in the dispersibility which can produce the ferromagnetic metal nanowire film
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) A ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid comprising a ferromagnetic metal nanowire and a polymer compound. (2) The dispersion according to (1), which has a polymer compound layer on the surface of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire. (3) The ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid according to (1) or (2), further comprising a dispersion medium selected from the group consisting of water, an organic solvent, and a mixture thereof. (4) The ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid according to (3), wherein the dispersion medium is a reducing solvent or a solvent containing an antioxidant.
- Manufacturing method (6)
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention is excellent in dispersibility and can provide a ferromagnetic metal nanowire film excellent in conductivity. Moreover, since the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of this invention can maintain the outstanding dispersibility over a long period of time, it is excellent also in dispersion stability.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a dried nickel nanowire dispersion liquid obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. It is the transmission electron microscope image which imaged the phosphotungstic acid dyeing
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion of the present invention contains a ferromagnetic metal nanowire (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “nanowire”) and a polymer compound, and usually further contains a dispersion medium.
- Examples of the ferromagnetic metal constituting the nanowire include iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, and alloys containing these as main components.
- nickel is preferable because of its high conductivity.
- the shape of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire is not particularly limited, but the nanowire usually has a substantially linear shape as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- the dimensions of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire are usually about 10 to 200 nm in average diameter and about 1 to 100 ⁇ m in average length. In the present invention, the average diameter is more preferably 10 to 150 nm, and the average length is more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio (average length / average diameter) of the ferromagnetic metal nanowires is preferably 40 to 200, particularly preferably 45 to 150, from the viewpoint of showing good light transmittance while the obtained coating film has good conductivity. .
- the nanowire has fewer degradation sites where the ferromagnetic metal is oxidized or ionized.
- the presence or absence of a ferromagnetic metal at a depth of about 10 nm from the surface of the nanowire can be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For example, in the case of nickel nanowires, in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
- the presence of a ferromagnetic metal in the surface layer of the nanowire means that, for example, in the case of nickel, the portion where the tangential slope is 0 in the spectrum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 851. It means to exist in 5 to 853.5 eV.
- the nanowire preferably has a polymer compound layer (film) on its surface from the viewpoint of dispersibility and coating film conductivity.
- the average thickness of such a polymer compound layer is preferably less than 10 nm, more preferably 7 nm or less. If the polymer compound layer is less than 10 nm, the influence on the surface resistivity of the nanowire film after film formation can be suppressed, and the dispersibility of the nanowire can be ensured.
- the average thickness of the polymer compound layer is usually about 1 nm or more. The presence and type of the polymer compound layer can be confirmed by the pyrolysis GC / MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry).
- the polymer compound layer can be dyed and observed with a transmission electron microscope to confirm its presence and thickness as shown in FIG. In the case where the polymer compound layer is not provided, the polymer compound layer cannot be confirmed as shown in FIG.
- the nanowire has a polymer compound layer on the surface, it is preferable that the presence of the ferromagnetic metal can be confirmed from the surface of the layer to a depth of 10 nm.
- the nanowire has a polymer compound layer on the surface, it is preferable that the presence of the ferromagnetic metal can be confirmed from the surface of the polymer compound layer of the nanowire to a depth of about 10 nm.
- the polymer compound constituting the polymer compound layer is not particularly limited, but a combination with a dispersion medium described later is important.
- a polymer having solubility in the dispersion medium is used as the polymer compound. That the polymer compound is soluble in the dispersion medium means that the polymer compound can be dissolved in the dispersion medium. If at least 0.1 part by mass of the polymer compound can be dissolved in 100 parts by mass of the dispersion medium at 25 ° C. Good. Even if the polymer compound is soluble in the dispersion medium, the polymer compound that once formed a layer on the nanowire surface does not elute into the dispersion medium in the dispersion liquid. Remains.
- water solution such as carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
- the high molecular compound is preferable.
- a polymer compound that is soluble in alcohol such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferable.
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone is more preferable because there are many solvent species exhibiting solubility.
- the molecular weight of the polymer compound may be a molecular weight such that the viscosity of the reaction solution described later by a B-type viscometer falls within a specified range.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited.
- the dispersion medium is usually water, an organic solvent, and a mixture thereof.
- the organic solvent include monoalcohols (especially saturated aliphatic monoalcohols) such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol; polyols (especially saturated aliphatics) such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Polyol); nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile; and ester compounds such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- the dispersion medium is preferably water, a saturated aliphatic monoalcohol, a saturated aliphatic polyol, or a mixture thereof. From the viewpoints of low boiling point, odor and safety, isopropyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol and the like are preferable.
- the dispersion medium is preferably a solvent exhibiting reducibility or a solvent containing an antioxidant. This is because oxidation or ionization of the nanowire surface that occurs during storage of the dispersion is further prevented, and the nanowire surface layer is likely to contain a ferromagnetic metal. As a result, the coating film conductivity is further improved.
- the solvent exhibiting reducibility is a solvent that exhibits reducibility upon heating and a solvent that exhibits reducibility even at room temperature (25 ° C).
- a solvent exhibiting reducibility include, for example, polyols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, particularly saturated aliphatic polyols, among the above-described dispersion media.
- the solvent containing an antioxidant contains an antioxidant and a solvent.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a compound having an antioxidant action in the field of dispersion, for example, the same reducing agent used in the metal ion reduction treatment step described later is used. Is done.
- hydroxylamines particularly diethylhydroxylamine
- hydrazine hydrazine monohydrate
- oxalic acid formic acid and the like
- the solvent to which such an antioxidant is added is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve the antioxidant among the above-described dispersion media. Examples of such a solvent include water, the above monoalcohol (particularly a saturated aliphatic monoalcohol), the above nitrile compound, the above ester compound, and a mixture thereof.
- the concentration of the antioxidant in the dispersion is not particularly limited as long as the oxidation of the nanowire surface is suppressed.
- the concentration differs depending on the kind of the antioxidant and cannot be generally defined, but is usually about 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the dispersion.
- the concentration is preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass.
- the concentration is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the concentration is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration is preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by mass.
- the concentration of nanowires in the dispersion is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted to a concentration suitable for various film forming methods and applications.
- the nanowire concentration is usually 0.1 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass, based on the total amount of the dispersion. .
- additives such as a binder resin, a wetting agent, and a leveling agent can be incorporated for film forming property and improvement thereof within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- the adhesion between the coated metal nanowires and the substrate can be maintained.
- the binder resin may be dissolved in the dispersion medium or may be dispersed without being dissolved.
- a binder resin that dissolves in the dispersion medium is used.
- binder resin examples include, for example, polyacryloyl compounds such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, and polyacrylonitrile; polyvinyl alcohol; polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; polycarbonate; epoxy; aliphatic such as polypropylene and polymethylpentane.
- Polyolefins such as polynorbornene; celluloses such as nitrocellulose; silicone resins; polyacetates; chlorine-containing polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene; polyfluorovinylidene, polytetrafluoroethylene, And fluorine-containing polymers such as polyhexafluoropropylene and fluoroolefin-hydrocarbon olefin copolymer.
- Constent of binder resin is suitably selected in the range which does not impair the effect of the present invention.
- the content of the binder resin is preferably 1: 0.01 to 1:10 as the mass ratio of the nanowire and the binder resin from the viewpoint of further improving the coating film conductivity.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method. First, ferromagnetic metal nanowires are produced. The method for producing the ferromagnetic metal nanowire is not particularly limited. Preferably, the metal ion reduction process shown below is performed and a ferromagnetic metal nanowire is produced.
- ferromagnetic metal ions are reduced in a solution of a polymer compound to produce a ferromagnetic metal nanowire.
- the polymer compound used in this step the same polymer compound as that constituting the polymer compound layer that the nanowire may have on the surface is used.
- the polymer compound acts like a template, and suppresses aggregation and fusion of the nanowires during production.
- a polymer compound layer can be suitably formed on the ferromagnetic metal nanowire. As a result, the entanglement of the nanowires can be prevented and the dispersibility of the nanowires can be suppressed. Below, the detail of this process is shown.
- a salt of a ferromagnetic metal in a solvent.
- the ferromagnetic metal used in this step the same metal as the ferromagnetic metal constituting the nanowire is used.
- Any ferromagnetic metal salt that is soluble in the solvent used and can supply ferromagnetic metal ions in a reducible state can be used. Examples include ferromagnetic metal chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, acetates, and the like. These salts may be hydrates or anhydrides.
- the concentration of the ferromagnetic metal ion is not particularly limited as long as nanowires can be produced.
- the concentration of the ferromagnetic metal ion is preferably 50 ⁇ mol / g or less, and more preferably 25 ⁇ mol / g or less, with respect to the total amount of the reaction solution. By setting the concentration of the ferromagnetic metal ion to 50 ⁇ mol / g or less, the template action of the polymer compound at the time of production can be effectively obtained.
- the lower limit of the concentration of the ferromagnetic metal ion is not particularly limited, but the concentration is usually 1 ⁇ mol / g or more, particularly 10 ⁇ mol / g or more.
- the reducing agent used for reducing the ferromagnetic metal ion is not particularly limited.
- hydrazine, hydrazine monohydrate, ferrous chloride, hypophosphorous acid, borohydride, aminoboranes, lithium aluminum hydride, sulfites, hydroxylamines (eg, diethylhydroxylamine), zinc amalgam examples include diisobutylaluminum hydride, hydroiodic acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and the like.
- hydrazine monohydrate is preferable from the viewpoint of reduction efficiency, safety, removability, and maintenance of properties of the ferromagnetic metal after reduction.
- the concentration of the reducing agent in this step is not particularly limited as long as nanowires can be produced.
- the concentration of the reducing agent is preferably about 0.5 to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the reaction solution, and the ferromagnetic metal ion can be suitably reduced at this concentration.
- the reduction reaction it is preferable to apply an external pressure in order to grow nanowires in a linear shape having anisotropy.
- the external pressure include liquid flow caused by stirring, gravity, magnetic force, and the like.
- the magnetic force if a magnetic flux density of about 50 to 200 mT is applied to the center of the reaction solution, nanowires can be suitably obtained along the magnetic field direction.
- a solvent for the reduction reaction water, a polar organic solvent, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the organic solvent having polarity include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
- an organic solvent, particularly ethylene glycol is more preferable from the viewpoints of solubility, boiling point, viscosity and the like of the ferromagnetic metal salt and the polymer compound.
- a complexing agent can also be added.
- the complexing agent is added in order to facilitate the formation of nanowires by controlling the supply speed of the ferromagnetic metal ions by complexing with the ferromagnetic metal ions.
- the complexing agent is not particularly limited, but a complexing constant with the ferromagnetic metal ion to be used is preferably higher.
- a complexing constant with the ferromagnetic metal ion to be used is preferably higher.
- citric acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, hydroxyethanephosphone
- the concentration is preferably 0.1 nmol / g or more.
- the noble metal salt is a metal salt composed of any one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium.
- Noble metal salts are highly reducible and are easily liquid phase reduced as nanoparticles. Therefore, by adding a noble metal salt to the reaction solution, nanoparticle nuclei with a size of several nanometers are generated, and the nanoparticle nuclei are used as a scaffold to facilitate the formation of ferromagnetic metal nanowires.
- the noble metal salt include chloroplatinic acid, chloroauric acid, palladium chloride and the like. Among these, chloroplatinic acid is preferable because finer nanoparticles are uniformly formed by liquid phase reduction.
- the concentration of the noble metal salt is not particularly limited. As described above, since the nanoparticle core generated from the noble metal salt serves as a scaffold for forming the nanowire, the higher the concentration, the smaller the nanowire diameter, and the lower the concentration, the thicker the nanowire diameter. . Usually, the concentration is preferably about 0.001 to 5 ⁇ mol / g.
- the pH and temperature of the reduction reaction solution may be set to a pH and temperature at which the reducing agent can reduce the ferromagnetic metal ions.
- the higher the temperature or the higher the pH the higher the reducing power of the reducing agent. Therefore, high temperature and high pH are preferred, but there is an applicable range depending on the type of solvent, reducing agent and ferromagnetic metal salt. is there.
- the temperature is preferably 70 to 100 ° C. and the pH is preferably 10 to 12.
- the reduction time of the reduction reaction is not particularly limited as long as nanowires with the above dimensions can be produced, and is, for example, 10 minutes to 5 hours.
- the reaction solution preferably contains the above polymer compound.
- concentration of the polymer compound varies depending on the structure and molecular weight of the polymer compound, but the viscosity of the reaction solution at the reaction temperature measured by a B-type viscometer is 20 mPa ⁇ s to 500 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 40 mPa ⁇ s to The concentration is preferably 400 mPa ⁇ s.
- purification for the purpose of removing reducing agents and by-products can be performed.
- the surface of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire has a polymer compound layer, the entanglement and aggregation of the nanowire can be suppressed.
- a purification method in addition to filtration and centrifugation, which are general methods, a method of immersing a ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid placed in an ultrafiltration membrane in a solvent, and a ferromagnetic metal nanoparticle using a magnet A method for recovering the wire can be mentioned. Moreover, even if these purification treatments are performed, the polymer compound layer on the nanowire surface does not peel off.
- the ferromagnetic nanowire is preferably subjected to a reduction treatment before the dispersion treatment.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire is subjected to the nanowire reduction treatment step shown below after the metal ion reduction treatment step and before the dispersion treatment step in the dispersion medium. Is preferred.
- a ferromagnetic metal nanowire is reduced.
- this reduction treatment it is possible to more sufficiently remove the site of deterioration caused by oxidation and ionization of the surface that occurs during the production and purification of the nanowire, and the nanowire surface layer is likely to contain a ferromagnetic metal.
- the reduction treatment in this step is not particularly limited as long as the reduction treatment of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire is achieved.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire is heated in a solvent exhibiting reducibility or a solvent containing a reducing agent. Even if such a reduction treatment is performed, the polymer compound layer on the nanowire surface does not peel off.
- preferred solvents are polyols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, particularly saturated aliphatic polyols.
- hydroxylamines, hydrazine, hydrazine monohydrate, oxalic acid, formic acid and the like are used as preferable reducing agents.
- the solvent to which such a reducing agent is added is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve the reducing agent.
- water and the above monoalcohol (particularly saturated aliphatic monoalcohol) are used as a preferred solvent.
- the concentration of the reducing agent in the solvent containing the reducing agent is not particularly limited as long as the reduction of the nanowire surface is achieved.
- the concentration is usually 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the reaction solution.
- the concentration of nanowires in the reaction solution is not particularly limited as long as reduction of the nanowire surface is achieved.
- the concentration is usually 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, based on the total amount of the reaction solution.
- the heating temperature and heating time in this step are not particularly limited as long as the reduction of the nanowire surface is achieved.
- the heating temperature is usually 70 to 200 ° C.
- the heating time is usually 1 to 5 hours.
- purification for the purpose of removing the reducing agent and by-products can be performed.
- the purification method the same purification method described in the explanation of the metal ion reduction treatment step is used.
- the nanowires collected and isolated in the metal ion reduction treatment step or the nanowires collected and isolated in the nanowire reduction treatment step are usually subjected to the following dispersion treatment step.
- the dispersion containing nanowires obtained in the above steps is used as it is as the nanowire dispersion of the present invention. be able to.
- ferromagnetic metal nanowires are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention is obtained.
- This step is usually performed in an unheated state, for example, at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the dispersion medium the same dispersion medium described in the explanation of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid is used.
- the compounding amount of the nanowire may be an amount such that the nanowire concentration in the nanowire dispersion described in the description of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion is achieved.
- the additive when the above-mentioned additive is contained in the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion of the present invention, the additive may be contained in advance in the dispersion medium.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention can usually be obtained by performing at least a metal ion reduction treatment step and a dispersion treatment step.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention By obtaining the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention through the steps according to the following preferred embodiment A or B, the ferromagnetic metal can be confirmed in the nanowire surface layer, and the coating film conductivity is more improved. Further improve.
- Preferred embodiment A (I) a metal ion reduction treatment step; and (ii) a dispersion treatment step (in the step, a solvent exhibiting reducibility or a solvent containing an antioxidant is used as a dispersion medium).
- Preferred embodiment B (I) a metal ion reduction treatment step; (Ii) Nanowire reduction treatment step; and (iii) Dispersion treatment step (in the step, a solvent other than a solvent containing a reducing solvent and an antioxidant is used as a dispersion medium).
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention By obtaining the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention through the steps according to the following most preferred embodiments, the ferromagnetic metal can be confirmed in the nanowire surface layer, and the coating film conductivity is most improved. .
- a metal ion reduction treatment step (I) a metal ion reduction treatment step; (Ii) Nanowire reduction treatment step; and (iii) Dispersion treatment step (in the step, a solvent exhibiting reducibility or a solvent containing an antioxidant is used as a dispersion medium).
- the nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention can be applied to a substrate and dried to form a film, wiring, etc., thereby obtaining a laminate.
- a base material a glass substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polycarbonate film, a cycloolefin film, a polyimide film, a polyamide film, a ceramic sheet, a metal plate etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the coating method is not particularly limited.
- wire bar coater coating method film applicator coating method, spray coating method, gravure roll coating method, screen printing method, reverse roll coating method, lip coating method, air knife coating method, curtain flow coating.
- Method dip coating method, die coating method, spray method, letterpress printing method, intaglio printing method, and ink jet method.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention has a good wire dispersion state, the metal nanowires are formed on the substrate after coating without aggregation. For this reason, the coating film which shows favorable electroconductivity can be formed. Furthermore, by setting the aspect ratio of the nanowire within the above range, it is possible to form a coating film exhibiting high light transmittance while exhibiting better conductivity.
- the nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention can be subjected to post-treatment for the purpose of improving conductivity after coating.
- post-treatment include a heat treatment for maintaining the coating film at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the polymer compound softens, a nanowire pressure-bonding process in which the coating film is pressed at a pressure of about 10 to 30 MPa, and removal of the polymer compound by a plasma cleaner. Processing.
- the nanowire dispersion of the present invention is excellent in dispersion stability and is a dispersion suitable for wet coating. Moreover, the nanowire film obtained from the dispersion is excellent in conductivity, and can exhibit conductivity even in a state having a high light transmittance of 80% or more. Therefore, it can be used not only for conductive films and conductive paints, but also for touch panel electrodes, display electrodes, solar cell electrodes, transparent electromagnetic wave shields, transparent heaters, and the like.
- the nanowire dispersion of the present invention is suitably used for nanomagnetic materials, anisotropic materials, magnetic films, etc. by utilizing the anisotropy, orientation, and magnetic field responsiveness of ferromagnetic metal nanowires. be able to.
- Nanowires dried on a sample stage are photographed with a scanning electron microscope, and all the nanowire lengths in the field of view are measured. D10 value and D90 value were calculated. By photographing at 4000 to 6000 times, the length of about 200 nanowires per field of view can be measured.
- Nanowires dried on a grid with a supporting film were photographed with a transmission electron microscope at a magnification of 600,000 times, and the maximum, minimum, and measurement points of the nanowire diameter in 10 fields of view were measured. Average values were measured.
- Nanowires were collected from the nanowire dispersion by filtration, and the polymer compound layer was identified by instantaneous pyrolysis GC / MS at a heating temperature of 600 ° C.
- the polymer compound layer is basically a kind of added polymer compound, although there may be differences such as a decrease in molecular weight.
- Nanowires were collected from the nanowire dispersion by filtration and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For example, in the case of nickel, a 2p band narrow scan of nickel was performed, and the presence or absence of a peak of metallic nickel was determined. The region measurable by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a layer from the surface to a depth of 10 nm. If a metal peak can be confirmed by measurement, it can be determined that a ferromagnetic metal is present in the surface layer of the nanowire.
- a range of 10 10 ⁇ / sq or less is a practically problematic range, a range of 10 8 ⁇ / sq or less is a preferred range, a range of 10 6 ⁇ / sq or less is a more preferred range, and 10 4 ⁇ .
- the range below / sq is a more preferable range, and the range below 10 3 ⁇ / sq is the most preferable range.
- Light transmittance of nanowire film A nanowire film was prepared by the same method as in (7), and the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm was measured using a slide glass as a blank value.
- the light transmittance is preferably in the range of 70% or more, and more preferably in the range of 80% or more.
- Haze value A nanowire film was prepared by the same method as in (7), and the haze value was measured from the transmitted light in all rays using the slide glass as a blank value.
- the haze value is preferably in the range of 30% or less, more preferably in the range of 20% or less, and further preferably in the range of 10% or less.
- Reaction was performed (metal-in reduction treatment step: reduction treatment A).
- the concentration of nickel ions in the solution is 17 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of the polymer compound is 4%
- the concentration of platinum ions is 0.5 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of trisodium citrate dihydrate is 3.3 nmol / g
- pH 11 and the viscosity at the reaction temperature with a B-type viscometer was 240 mPa ⁇ s.
- 100 g of the reaction solution was diluted 10 times with ethylene glycol, the nickel nanowire was forcibly precipitated by a magnet, and the supernatant was removed repeatedly. It was.
- the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of this nanowire is shown in FIG.
- the measurement conditions in FIG. 4 are as follows.
- X-ray source Monochrome Al-K ⁇
- X-ray output 200 W
- photoelectron emission angle 75 °
- pass energy 58.70 eV
- charge shift correction C—H bond energy of C1s peak is corrected to 284.8 eV.
- Reaction was performed (metal-in reduction treatment step: reduction treatment A).
- the concentration of nickel ions in the solution is 17 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of the polymer compound is 4%
- the concentration of platinum ions is 0.5 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of trisodium citrate dihydrate is 3.3 nmol / g
- pH No. 11 the viscosity of the B-type viscometer at the reaction temperature was 360 mPa ⁇ s.
- the obtained reaction solution was purified in the same manner as NiA, and nickel nanowires NiB were collected and isolated, and dried.
- the concentration of nickel ions in the solution is 17 ⁇ mol / g, the concentration of the polymer compound is 4%, the concentration of platinum ions is 0.5 ⁇ mol / g, the concentration of trisodium citrate dihydrate is 3.3 nmol / g, pH No. 11 and the viscosity of the B-type viscometer at the reaction temperature was 360 mPa ⁇ s.
- the obtained reaction solution was purified in the same manner as NiA, and nickel nanowire NiC was recovered and isolated, and dried.
- the concentration of nickel ions in the solution is 17 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of the polymer compound is 0%
- the concentration of platinum ions is 0.5 ⁇ mol / g
- the concentration of trisodium citrate dihydrate is 3.3 nmol / g
- pH 11 the viscosity at the reaction temperature with a B-type viscometer was 5 mPa ⁇ s.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire NiD aggregated in a sheet form after the reaction was recovered and isolated by suction filtration and dried.
- the concentration of nickel ions in the solution is 24.8 ⁇ mol / g, the concentration of the polymer compound is 1%, the concentration of platinum ions is 0.5 ⁇ mol / g, and the concentration of trisodium citrate dihydrate is 12.6 nmol / g.
- the pH was 11.5, and the viscosity with a B-type viscometer at the reaction temperature was 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- 100 g of the reaction solution was diluted 10 times with pure water, nickel nanowires were forcibly precipitated by a magnet, and the supernatant was removed repeatedly. It was. After confirming that the pH of the supernatant liquid to be removed became 6.5 to 7.5 by repeating the operation four times, nickel nanowire NiE was collected and isolated, and dried.
- Table 1 shows the dimensions and surface state of the fabricated nanowires.
- Example 1 Nickel nanowire NiA 100mg and ethylene glycol 20g were mixed, and the reduction process was performed by heating at 150 degreeC for 3 hours (nanowire reduction process process: reduction process B).
- Table 2 shows the concentration of nanowires in the reduction treatment B with respect to the total amount of the reaction solution. After heating, the nanowires were collected by suction filtration. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the collected nanowire is shown in FIG.
- the measurement conditions in FIG. 5 are as follows. X-ray source: Monochrome Al-K ⁇ , X-ray output: 200 W, photoelectron emission angle: 75 °, pass energy: 58.70 eV, charge shift correction: C—H bond energy of C1s peak is corrected to 284.8 eV.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are photographs of the dried dispersion, and FIG. 6 shows the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the nanowire.
- the measurement conditions in FIG. 6 are as follows.
- X-ray source Monochrome Al-K ⁇
- X-ray output 200 W
- photoelectron emission angle 75 °
- pass energy 58.70 eV
- charge shift correction C—H bond energy of C1s peak is corrected to 284.8 eV.
- Example 2 The nanowires listed in Table 2 were used, and the nanowire concentration in the reduction treatment B and the nanowire concentration in the dispersion treatment, the type of solvent and reducing agent, and the type and concentration of antioxidant were changed as shown in Table 2.
- a nanowire dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- Example 10 NiA 100 mg was mixed with 100 mg of isopropanol containing hydrazine monohydrate, the amount of isopropanol was adjusted to 20 g in total, and stirred for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a nanowire dispersion (dispersion treatment). ).
- Table 2 shows the concentration of nanowires and antioxidants in the dispersion treatment with respect to the total amount of the dispersion.
- Example 11 NiE 100 mg was mixed with pure water containing 20 mg of oxalic acid, the amount of pure water was adjusted to 20 g in total, and stirred for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a nanowire dispersion (dispersion treatment).
- Table 2 shows the concentration of nanowires and antioxidants in the dispersion treatment with respect to the total amount of the dispersion.
- Example 12 NiE 100 mg was mixed with pure water containing 20 mg of oxalic acid, the amount of pure water was adjusted to 20 g in total, and stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a nanowire dispersion liquid (nano Wire reduction treatment process: reduction treatment B).
- reduction treatment B nano Wire reduction treatment process
- Table 2 shows the concentration of nanowires and antioxidants in the reduction treatment B relative to the total amount of the reaction solution.
- Example 13 NiA (100 mg) was mixed with isopropanol, and the amount of isopropanol was adjusted to 20 g in total to obtain a nanowire dispersion.
- reduction treatment B was not performed, and no antioxidant was used in the dispersion treatment.
- Comparative Example 1 NiD (100 mg) was mixed with isopropanol, and the amount of isopropanol was adjusted to 20 g in total. Then, the dispersion process was performed with the ultrasonic homogenizer. This nanowire is photographed in FIG.
- Comparative Example 2 A nanowire dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nanowire NiD was used.
- Comparative Example 3 A nanowire dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that nanowire NiD was used.
- Comparative Example 4 A nanowire dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nanowire NiD was used and that no antioxidant was used in the dispersion treatment.
- Table 2 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the nanowire dispersion liquids obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Each of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersions of Examples 1 to 14 had a polymer compound layer on the nanowire surface, and was excellent in dispersibility.
- the coating film manufactured from such a nanowire dispersion was excellent in conductivity and transparency.
- nanowire dispersions finally obtained in Examples 1 to 12 contained an antioxidant or a solvent exhibiting reducibility, the dispersibility and the coating film conductivity were particularly excellent.
- the nanowire dispersion of Comparative Example 1 was poor in dispersibility because it did not have a polymer compound layer on the nanowire surface.
- the coating film obtained using such a nanowire dispersion was poor in conductivity.
- the nanowire dispersion liquids of Comparative Examples 2 to 4 do not have a polymer compound layer on the nanowire surface, the nanowires are dispersed in a dispersion medium containing a reduction treatment (reduction treatment B) and / or an antioxidant. Even after the treatment, the dispersibility and the coating film conductivity were poor.
- a reduction treatment reduction treatment B
- an antioxidant Even after the treatment, the dispersibility and the coating film conductivity were poor.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion of the present invention can be used not only for the production of conductive films and conductive paints, but also for the production of touch panel electrodes, display electrodes, solar cell electrodes, transparent electromagnetic wave shields, transparent heaters and the like.
- the ferromagnetic metal nanowire dispersion liquid of the present invention utilizes the anisotropy, orientation, and magnetic field responsiveness of the ferromagnetic metal nanowire to produce nanomagnetic materials, anisotropic materials, magnetic films, etc. Can be suitably used.
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Abstract
Description
(1)強磁性金属ナノワイヤーおよび高分子化合物を含むことを特徴とする強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
(2)強磁性金属ナノワイヤーの表面に高分子化合物の層を有している、(1)に記載の分散液。
(3)水、有機溶媒およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される分散媒をさらに含む、(1)または(2)に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
(4)分散媒が還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒である、(3)に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
(5)高分子化合物の溶液中で強磁性金属イオンを還元し、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製する工程を含む、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
(6)強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを還元処理する工程をさらに含む、(5)に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
(7)強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを、分散媒へ分散させる工程をさらに含む、(5)または(6)に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
(8)分散媒が還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒である、(7)に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
(9)(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液から形成されることを特徴とする導電膜。
(10)基板上に(9)に記載の導電膜を形成させたことを特徴とする積層体。
本発明の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液は、強磁性金属ナノワイヤー(以下、単に「ナノワイヤー」ということがある)と高分子化合物を含有し、通常は分散媒をさらに含有する。
本発明の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液は、例えば、以下の方法により製造することができる。まず、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製する。強磁性金属ナノワイヤーの作製方法としては、特に限定されない。好ましくは、以下に示す金属イオン還元処理工程を行い、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製する。
本工程では、高分子化合物の溶液中で強磁性金属イオンを還元し、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製する。本工程で使用される高分子化合物は、ナノワイヤーが表面に有し得る高分子化合物層を構成する上記高分子化合物と同様のものが使用される。高分子化合物を含む状態で強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製することにより、高分子化合物がテンプレート的に作用し、作製時のナノワイヤーの凝集および融着を抑制する。さらに、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーに高分子化合物層を好適に形成できる。その結果、ナノワイヤーの絡み合いを防ぎ、ナノワイヤーの分散性低下を抑制することができる。以下に、本工程の詳細を示す。
本工程では、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを還元処理する。この還元処理により、ナノワイヤーの作製および精製中に起こる表面の酸化やイオン化による劣化部位をより一層十分に除去することができ、ナノワイヤー表面層に強磁性金属が含まれやすくなる。
本工程では、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを分散媒へ分散させる。これにより、本発明の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液を得る。本工程は通常、非加熱の状態、例えば室温(25℃)で行う。分散媒は、強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の説明で記載した同様の分散媒が使用される。ナノワイヤーの配合量は、強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の説明で記載したナノワイヤー分散液中のナノワイヤー濃度が達成されるような量であればよい。
本発明の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液は通常、少なくとも金属イオン還元処理工程および分散処理工程を行うことにより、得ることができる。
(i)金属イオン還元処理工程;および
(ii)分散処理工程(当該工程中、分散媒として還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒を使用する)。
(i)金属イオン還元処理工程;
(ii)ナノワイヤー還元処理工程;および
(iii)分散処理工程(当該工程中、分散媒として還元性を示す溶媒および酸化防止剤を含む溶媒以外の溶媒を使用する)。
(i)金属イオン還元処理工程;
(ii)ナノワイヤー還元処理工程;および
(iii)分散処理工程(当該工程中、分散媒として還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒を使用する)。
本発明のナノワイヤー分散液は、基材に塗布し、乾燥することにより、膜、配線などを形成し、積層体を得ることができる。基材としては、例えば、ガラス基板、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、ポリカーボネートフィルム、シクロオレフィンフィルム、ポリイミドフィルム、ポリアミドフィルム、セラミックシート、金属板などが挙げられる。
実施例および比較例で用いた評価方法は以下の通りである。
試料台上で乾燥したナノワイヤーを、走査型電子顕微鏡にて撮影し、視野中のナノワイヤー長をすべて計測し、合計400本程度のナノワイヤー長から平均長、D10値、D90値を算出した。4000から6000倍で撮影することで、1視野あたり約200本程度のナノワイヤー長が計測可能である。
支持膜付きグリッド上で乾燥したナノワイヤーを、透過型電子顕微鏡にて60万倍で撮影し、10視野中におけるナノワイヤー径の最大値、最小値、計測点の平均値を計測した。
支持膜付きグリッドを使い、ナノワイヤー分散液からナノワイヤーを取り出し、5%リンタングステン酸染色を3分間施し、透過型電子顕微鏡にて60万倍で観察することで、高分子化合物層の有無を判断した。さらに、得られた画像から高分子化合物層の厚みを50箇所測定し、その平均値を高分子化合物層の厚みとした。
ナノワイヤー分散液からナノワイヤーをろ過により回収し、加熱温度600℃で瞬間熱分解GC/MSにより、高分子化合物層の同定を行った。
高分子化合物層は、分子量の低下等の違いはあると考えられるが、基本的には添加した高分子化合物種である。
ナノワイヤー分散液からナノワイヤーをろ過により回収し、X線光電子分光法にて確認した。例えば、ニッケルの場合、ニッケルの2pバンドのナロースキャンを行い、金属ニッケルのピーク有無で判断した。
X線光電子分光法にて測定可能な領域は表面から深さ10nmまでの層であり、測定にて金属のピークが確認できればナノワイヤーの当該表面層に強磁性金属が存在すると判断できる。
ナノワイヤー分散液を室温(25℃)下で30日間保管し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:ナノワイヤーが凝集せず、良好な分散性が維持できた。
B:ナノワイヤーの凝集粒が見られたが、分散性は実用上問題なかった。
C:分散できなかった。
(6)と同様の方法により保管したナノワイヤー分散液を用いた。
アプリケーターを使い、ナノワイヤー分散液を、スライドガラス上に塗布し、窒素下100℃で1分間乾燥し、ナノワイヤー膜を得た。得られたナノワイヤー膜の表面抵抗率について、三菱化学アナリテック社製抵抗率計MCP-T610を用い、JIS K7194に準拠して、10Vの電圧を印加し測定した。
表面抵抗率は、MCP-T610の測定可能領域を超える場合は108Ω/sq以上とした。1010Ω/sq以下の範囲が実用上問題のない範囲であり、108Ω/sq以下の範囲が好ましい範囲であり、106Ω/sq以下の範囲がより好ましい範囲であり、104Ω/sq以下の範囲がさらに好ましい範囲であり、103Ω/sq以下の範囲が最も好ましい範囲である。
(7)と同様の方法によりナノワイヤー膜を作製し、スライドガラスをブランク値として、波長550nmにおける光線透過率を測定した。
光線透過率は、70%以上の範囲が好ましい範囲であり、80%以上の範囲がより好ましい範囲である。
(7)と同様の方法によりナノワイヤー膜を作製し、スライドガラスをブランク値として、全光線における透過光からヘイズ値を測定した。
ヘイズ値は、30%以下の範囲が好ましい範囲であり、20%以下の範囲がより好ましい範囲であり、10%以下の範囲がさらに好ましい範囲である。
実施例および比較例で用いた材料は以下のとおりである。
・ピッツコールK120L
第一工業製薬社製ポリビニルピロリドン水溶液
・BS
第一工業製薬社製カルボキシルメチルセルロースナトリウム塩
高分子化合物以外の材料に関しては、特級あるいは一級の試薬を使用した。
実施例および比較例で用いた強磁性金属ナノワイヤーの作製方法は以下の通りである。
エチレングリコール350gに、塩化ニッケル六水和物1.95g(8.24mmol)、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、水酸化ナトリウム1.60g、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物15.0g、0.054Mの塩化白金酸水溶液4.60gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で375gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、強磁性金属イオン溶液を作製した。
一方、エチレングリコール100gに、水酸化ナトリウム0.50g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物5.0g、ヒドラジン一水和物6.25gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で125gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、還元剤溶液を作製した。
強磁性金属イオン溶液と還元剤溶液をいずれも90~95℃に加熱した後、温度を維持したまま混合し、反応溶液の中心に150mTの磁場を印加し、1時間30分間静置して還元反応を行った(金属イン還元処理工程:還元処理A)。溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度は17μmol/g、高分子化合物の濃度は4%、白金イオンの濃度は0.5μmol/g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物の濃度は3.3nmol/g、pHは11、反応温度におけるB型粘度計での粘度が240mPa・sであった。
得られた反応液からナノワイヤーを精製および回収するため、反応液100gをエチレングリコールで10倍に希釈し、磁石により、ニッケルナノワイヤーを強制的に沈殿させ、上澄み液を除去する作業を繰り返し行った。作業を4回繰り返すことで、除去する上澄み液のpHが6.5~7.5になったのを確認後、ニッケルナノワイヤーNiAを回収および単離し、乾燥した。このナノワイヤーのX線光電子分光法スペクトルを図4に示す。図4の測定条件は以下の通りである。X線源:モノクロAl-Kα、X線出力:200W、光電子放出角度:75°、パスエネルギー:58.70eV、チャージシフト補正:C1sピークのC-H結合エネルギーを284.8eVに補正。
エチレングリコール350gに、塩化ニッケル六水和物1.95g(8.24mmol)、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、水酸化ナトリウム1.60g、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物15.0g、0.054Mの塩化白金酸水溶液4.60gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で375gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、強磁性金属イオン溶液を作製した。
一方、エチレングリコール100gに、水酸化ナトリウム0.50g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物5.0g、ヒドラジン一水和物6.25gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で125gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、還元剤溶液を作製した。
強磁性金属イオン溶液と還元剤溶液をいずれも80~85℃に加熱した後、温度を維持したまま混合し、反応溶液の中心に150mTの磁場を印加し、1時間30分間静置して還元反応を行った(金属イン還元処理工程:還元処理A)。溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度は17μmol/g、高分子化合物の濃度は4%、白金イオンの濃度は0.5μmol/g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物の濃度は3.3nmol/g、pHは11、反応温度におけるB型粘度計での粘度が360mPa・sであった。
得られた反応液は、NiAと同様に精製し、ニッケルナノワイヤーNiBを回収および単離し、乾燥した。
エチレングリコール350gに、塩化ニッケル六水和物1.95g(8.24mmol)、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、水酸化ナトリウム1.60g、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物15.0g、0.054Mの塩化白金酸水溶液4.60gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で375gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、強磁性金属イオン溶液を作製した。
一方、エチレングリコール100gに、水酸化ナトリウム0.50g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、ピッツコールK120Lの乾燥物5.0g、ヒドラジン一水和物6.25gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で125gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、還元剤溶液を作製した。
強磁性金属イオン溶液と還元剤溶液をいずれも80~85℃に加熱した後、温度を維持したまま混合し、反応溶液の中心に150mTの磁場を印加し、20分間静置して還元反応を行った(金属イン還元処理工程:還元処理A)。溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度は17μmol/g、高分子化合物の濃度は4%、白金イオンの濃度は0.5μmol/g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物の濃度は3.3nmol/g、pHは11、反応温度におけるB型粘度計での粘度が360mPa・sであった。
得られた反応液は、NiAと同様に精製し、ニッケルナノワイヤーNiCを回収および単離し、乾燥した。
エチレングリコール350gに、塩化ニッケル六水和物1.95g(8.24mmol)、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、水酸化ナトリウム1.60g、0.054Mの塩化白金酸水溶液4.60gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で375gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、強磁性金属イオン溶液を作製した。
一方、エチレングリコール100gに、水酸化ナトリウム0.50g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.245g(0.83mmol)を溶解した。さらに、ヒドラジン一水和物6.25gを順に溶解し、その後、全量で125gになるようにエチレングリコールを添加して、還元剤溶液を作製した。
強磁性金属イオン溶液と還元剤溶液をいずれも80~85℃に加熱した後、温度を維持したまま混合し、反応溶液の中心に150mTの磁場を印加し、1時間30分間静置して還元反応を行った(金属イン還元処理工程:還元処理A)。溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度は17μmol/g、高分子化合物の濃度は0%、白金イオンの濃度は0.5μmol/g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物の濃度は3.3nmol/g、pHは11、反応温度におけるB型粘度計での粘度が5mPa・sであった。
反応後のシート状に凝集した強磁性金属ナノワイヤーNiDを吸引ろ過により回収および単離し、乾燥した。
純水50gに、塩化ニッケル六水和物0.59g(2.48mmol)、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物0.37g(1.26mmol)を溶解した。さらに、5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下し、pHを11.5に調整した後、BS 1gを溶解した。溶解後、0.054Mの塩化白金酸水溶液0.93gを添加し、その後、全量で75gになるように水を追加し、強磁性金属イオン溶液を作製した。
一方、純水20gに、5%水酸化ナトリウム40mg、ヒドラジン一水和物1.25gを添加し還元剤溶液を作製した。その後、全量で25gになるように純水を添加し、還元剤溶液を作製した。
強磁性金属イオン溶液と還元剤溶液をいずれも80~85℃に加熱した後、温度を維持したまま混合し、反応溶液の中心に150mTの磁場を印加し、1時間静置して還元反応を行った(金属イン還元処理工程:還元処理A)。溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度は24.8μmol/g、高分子化合物の濃度は1%、白金イオンの濃度は0.5μmol/g、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物の濃度は12.6nmol/g、pHは11.5、反応温度におけるB型粘度計での粘度が50mPa・sであった。
得られた反応液からナノワイヤーを精製、回収するため、反応液100gを純水で10倍に希釈し、磁石により、ニッケルナノワイヤーを強制的に沈殿させ、上澄み液を除去する作業を繰り返し行った。作業を4回繰り返すことで、除去する上澄み液のpHが6.5~7.5になったのを確認後、ニッケルナノワイヤーNiEを回収および単離し、乾燥した。
ニッケルナノワイヤーNiA100mgとエチレングリコール20gを混合し、150℃で3時間加熱することにより、還元処理を行った(ナノワイヤー還元処理工程:還元処理B)。還元処理Bにおけるナノワイヤーの反応溶液全量に対する濃度を表2に示す。加熱後、吸引ろ過にてナノワイヤーを回収した。回収したナノワイヤーのX線光電子分光法スペクトルを図5に示す。図5の測定条件は以下の通りである。X線源:モノクロAl-Kα、X線出力:200W、光電子放出角度:75°、パスエネルギー:58.70eV、チャージシフト補正:C1sピークのC-H結合エネルギーを284.8eVに補正。回収したナノワイヤーを100mgのヒドラジン一水和物を含むイソプロパノールと混合し、全量で20gになるようにイソプロパノール量を調製し、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た(分散処理)。分散処理におけるナノワイヤーおよび酸化防止剤の分散液全量に対する濃度を表2に示す。この分散液を乾燥したものを撮影したのが図1および図2であり、ナノワイヤーのX線光電子分光法スペクトルを図6に示す。図6の測定条件は以下の通りである。X線源:モノクロAl-Kα、X線出力:200W、光電子放出角度:75°、パスエネルギー:58.70eV、チャージシフト補正:C1sピークのC-H結合エネルギーを284.8eVに補正。
表2に記載のナノワイヤーを用いたこと、および還元処理Bにおけるナノワイヤー濃度および分散処理におけるナノワイヤー濃度、溶媒の種類および還元剤、酸化防止剤の種類および濃度を表2に示すように変更したこと以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た。
NiA100mgを100mgのヒドラジン一水和物を含むイソプロパノールと混合し、全量で20gになるようにイソプロパノール量を調製し、窒素雰囲気下で30分間撹拌することで、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た(分散処理)。分散処理におけるナノワイヤーおよび酸化防止剤の分散液全量に対する濃度を表2に示す。
NiE100mgを20mgのシュウ酸を含む純水と混合し、全量で20gになるように純水量を調製し、窒素雰囲気下で30分間撹拌することで、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た(分散処理)。分散処理におけるナノワイヤーおよび酸化防止剤の分散液全量に対する濃度を表2に示す。
NiE100mgを20mgのシュウ酸を含む純水と混合し、全量で20gになるように純水量を調製し、窒素雰囲気下で80℃、30分間撹拌することで、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た(ナノワイヤー還元処理工程:還元処理B)。還元処理Bにおけるナノワイヤーおよび酸化防止剤の反応溶液全量に対する濃度を表2に示す。
NiA100mgをイソプロパノールと混合し、全量で20gになるようにイソプロパノール量を調製し、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た。本実施例では還元処理Bを行わず、分散処理において酸化防止剤は使用しなかった。
NiD100mgをイソプロパノールと混合し、全量で20gになるようにイソプロパノール量を調整した。その後、超音波ホモジナイザーにて分散処理を行った。このナノワイヤーを撮影したのが図3である。
ナノワイヤーNiDを用いたこと以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た。
ナノワイヤーNiDを用いたこと以外、実施例10と同様の方法により、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た。
ナノワイヤーNiDを用いたこと、および分散処理において酸化防止剤は使用しなかったこと以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、ナノワイヤー分散液を得た。
Claims (10)
- 強磁性金属ナノワイヤーおよび高分子化合物を含むことを特徴とする強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
- 強磁性金属ナノワイヤーの表面に高分子化合物の層を有している、請求項1に記載の分散液。
- 水、有機溶媒およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される分散媒をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
- 分散媒が還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒である、請求項3に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液。
- 高分子化合物の溶液中で強磁性金属イオンを還元し、強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを作製する工程を含む、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
- 強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを還元処理する工程をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
- 強磁性金属ナノワイヤーを、水、有機溶媒およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される分散媒へ分散させる工程をさらに含む、請求項5または6に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
- 分散媒が還元性を示す溶媒または酸化防止剤を含む溶媒である、請求項7に記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の強磁性金属ナノワイヤー分散液から形成されることを特徴とする導電膜。
- 基板上に請求項9に記載の導電膜を形成させたことを特徴とする積層体。
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KR102297023B1 (ko) | 2021-09-02 |
TWI664643B (zh) | 2019-07-01 |
CN106233394A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
US20170047150A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
US10522274B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
JPWO2015163258A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
JP6616287B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
KR20160146714A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
TW201545172A (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
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