WO2015159917A1 - 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリング用ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる酸化物半導体薄膜 - Google Patents
酸化物焼結体、スパッタリング用ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる酸化物半導体薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015159917A1 WO2015159917A1 PCT/JP2015/061585 JP2015061585W WO2015159917A1 WO 2015159917 A1 WO2015159917 A1 WO 2015159917A1 JP 2015061585 W JP2015061585 W JP 2015061585W WO 2015159917 A1 WO2015159917 A1 WO 2015159917A1
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- Prior art keywords
- phase
- thin film
- oxide
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- sintered body
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 108
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon and oxygen Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide sintered body, a target, and an oxide semiconductor thin film obtained by using the oxide sintered body, and more specifically, allows the carrier concentration of an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film to be reduced by containing copper.
- Sputtering target to be obtained, oxide sintered body containing copper optimal for obtaining the same, and oxide semiconductor containing amorphous copper having low carrier concentration and high carrier mobility obtained by using the same It relates to a thin film.
- a thin film transistor is one type of a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET).
- a TFT is a three-terminal element having a gate terminal, a source terminal, and a drain terminal as a basic structure, and a semiconductor thin film formed on a substrate is used as a channel layer in which electrons or holes move and is used as a gate terminal.
- the active element has a function of switching a current between a source terminal and a drain terminal by applying a voltage to control a current flowing in a channel layer.
- a TFT is an electronic device that is most frequently put into practical use, and a typical application is a liquid crystal driving element.
- the most widely used TFT is a metal-insulator-semiconductor-FET (MIS-FET) using a polycrystalline silicon film or an amorphous silicon film as a channel layer material. Since the MIS-FET using silicon is opaque to visible light, a transparent circuit cannot be formed. For this reason, when the MIS-FET is applied as a switching element for liquid crystal driving of a liquid crystal display, the device has a small aperture ratio of display pixels.
- MIS-FET metal-insulator-semiconductor-FET
- Patent Document 1 discloses a transparent amorphous oxide thin film formed by vapor phase film formation and composed of elements of In, Ga, Zn, and O, and the oxide
- the composition of the composition is InGaO 3 (ZnO) m (m is a natural number of less than 6) when crystallized, and the carrier mobility (also referred to as carrier electron mobility) is 1 cm without adding impurity ions.
- a thin film (a-IGZO film) has an electron carrier mobility in the range of approximately 1 to 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 , so that the mobility is insufficient when formed as a TFT channel layer. It was.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a sintered body in which the content ratio of gallium in indium, gallium and copper is more than 0.001 and less than 0.09 in terms of atomic ratio.
- the sintered body of Patent Document 2 has a bixbite type structure In 2 O 3 phase, or a bixbite type structure In 2 O 3 phase and a hexagonal structure In 2 Ga 2 CuO 7 phase, and / or Alternatively, the rhombohedral InGaCuO 4 phase has a sintering temperature of 1000 ° C. to 1100 ° C., so the sintered body density is low, and other than the In 2 O 3 phase, the phase has a relatively high electrical resistance. Therefore, there is a problem that nodules are easily generated in the mass production process of sputtering film formation in which a high power density is applied.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target that enables reduction of the carrier concentration of an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film, an oxide sintered body that is optimal for obtaining the sputtering target, and a low carrier concentration obtained by using the target.
- An object is to provide an oxide semiconductor thin film exhibiting high carrier mobility.
- the present inventors have made a small amount of copper into an oxide sintered body containing gallium as an oxide with a Ga / (In + Ga) ratio of indium to gallium of 0.20 or more and 0.45 or less, specifically, By containing a Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) ratio of 0.001 or more and less than 0.03, the sintered oxide sintered body is substantially a bixbite type In 2 O 3 phase, and In 2 O A generation phase other than the three phases includes a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase, or a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase and a (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase, and the oxide It was newly found that an oxide semiconductor thin film manufactured using a sintered body has a carrier mobility of 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or higher.
- the first invention contains indium, gallium and copper as oxides, and the content of the gallium is in a Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio of 0.20 to 0.45, and the copper content Is a Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio of 0.001 or more and less than 0.03, and the In 2 O 3 phase having a bixbite structure and the ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type as a generation phase other than the In 2 O 3 phase
- the oxide sintered body is characterized by being composed of a GaInO 3 phase having a structure, or a GaInO 3 phase having a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure and a (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase.
- the second invention is the oxide sintered body according to the first invention, wherein the copper content is 0.001 or more and 0.015 or less in terms of the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio.
- the third invention is the oxide sintered body according to the first or second invention, wherein the gallium content is in a Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio of 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less.
- an oxide firing according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention which does not substantially contain a positive divalent element other than copper and a positive trivalent to positive hexavalent element other than indium and gallium. It is a ligation.
- the X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio of the GaInO 3 phase having a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure defined by the following formula 1 is in the range of 2% to 77%.
- the sixth invention is a sputtering target obtained by processing the oxide sintered body according to any one of the first to fifth inventions.
- the seventh invention is an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film formed on a substrate by a sputtering method using the sputtering target described in the sixth invention and then heat-treated.
- An eighth invention is the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film according to the seventh invention, wherein the carrier mobility is 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or more.
- a ninth invention is the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film according to the seventh or eighth invention, wherein the carrier concentration is 3.0 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the oxide sintered body containing indium and gallium as an oxide of the present invention and containing copper in a Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio of 0.001 or more and less than 0.03 is used as, for example, a sputtering target.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention formed by sputtering film formation and then obtained by heat treatment can be obtained.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film has sufficient amorphousness due to the effect of a predetermined amount of gallium and copper, and does not generate microcrystals. Therefore, the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film has a desired shape by wet etching. Can be patterned.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention exhibits low carrier concentration and high carrier mobility. Therefore, the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention can be applied as a channel layer of a TFT. Therefore, the oxide sintered body, the target, and the oxide semiconductor thin film obtained using the oxide sintered body of the present invention are extremely useful industrially.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention the sputtering target, and the oxide thin film obtained using the same will be described in detail.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention contains indium, gallium and copper as oxides, and gallium is in a Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio of 0.20 to 0.45, and copper is Cu / (In + Ga + Cu). It is an oxide sintered body containing 0.001 or more and less than 0.03 in atomic ratio.
- the gallium content is Ga0 (In + Ga) atomic ratio of 0.20 or more and 0.45 or less, preferably 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less, and more preferably 0.25 or more and 0.30 or less. It is more preferable.
- Gallium has the effect of increasing the crystallization temperature of the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention. Further, gallium has a strong bonding force with oxygen and has an effect of reducing the amount of oxygen vacancies in the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention.
- the gallium content is less than 0.20 in terms of the Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio, this effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- it exceeds 0.45 the crystallization temperature becomes too high, so that a sufficiently high carrier mobility cannot be obtained as an oxide semiconductor thin film.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention contains copper in addition to indium and gallium in the composition range specified as described above.
- the copper concentration is 0.001 or more and less than 0.03 in terms of the atomic ratio of Cu / (In + Ga + Cu), preferably 0.001 or more and 0.015 or less, and more preferably 0.01 or more and 0.015 or less. More preferred.
- the carrier concentration is suppressed mainly by the action of neutralizing electrons generated by oxygen deficiency, and the amorphous oxidation of the present invention.
- the on / off of the TFT can be increased.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention does not substantially contain an element M which is a positive divalent element other than copper and a positive trivalent to positive hexavalent element other than indium and gallium.
- substantially not contained means that each single M is 500 ppm or less, preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less in terms of the atomic ratio of M / (In + Ga + M).
- M include Mg, Ni, Co, Zn, Ca, Sr, and Pb as positive divalent elements, and Al, Y, Sc, B, and lanthanoids as positive trivalent elements.
- Sn, Ge, Ti, Si, Zr, Hf, C, and Ce can be exemplified as positive tetravalent elements
- Nb and Ta can be exemplified as positive pentavalent elements
- W and Mo can be exemplified as positive hexavalent elements. It can be illustrated.
- the oxide sintered body of the oxide sintered body tissue present invention the In 2 O 3 phase bixbyite structure, GaInO 3-phase ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 -type structure as a product phases other than the In 2 O 3 phase Alternatively, it is preferably composed of a GaInO 3 phase and a (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase having a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure.
- the oxide sintered body is composed only of the In 2 O 3 phase, nodules are generated, for example, as in Comparative Example 11 of Patent Document 3 (WO2003 / 014409), regardless of the Cu content.
- the In 2 Ga 2 CuO 7 phase, InGaCuO 4 phase, or a mixture of these phases has a higher electrical resistance than the In 2 O 3 phase or GaInO 3 phase, so that nodules are likely to be dug out by sputtering deposition. It's easy to do.
- an oxide semiconductor thin film formed by sputtering using an oxide sintered body in which these phases are generated tends to have low carrier mobility.
- Gallium and copper dissolve in the In 2 O 3 phase. Further, gallium constitutes a GaInO 3 phase or a (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase. In the case of solid solution in the In 2 O 3 phase, gallium and copper are replaced with lattice positions of indium which is a positive trivalent ion. For reasons such as the sintering not progressing, it is not preferable to form a Ga 2 O 3 phase of ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure without causing gallium to dissolve in the In 2 O 3 phase. Since the Ga 2 O 3 phase has poor conductivity, it causes abnormal discharge.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention includes not only a bixbite type In 2 O 3 phase but also a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase or a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase.
- the (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase may include an X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio defined by the following formula 1 in a range of 2% to 77%.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention uses an oxide powder composed of an indium oxide powder and a gallium oxide powder, and a copper (II) oxide powder as a raw material powder.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention In the manufacturing process of the oxide sintered body of the present invention, these raw material powders are mixed and then molded, and the molded product is sintered by a normal pressure sintering method.
- the formation phase of the oxide sintered body structure of the present invention strongly depends on the production conditions in each step of the oxide sintered body, for example, the particle diameter of the raw material powder, the mixing conditions, and the sintering conditions.
- GaInO 3-phase ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 -type structure as a product phases other than the In 2 O 3 phase or ⁇ - It is preferable that the GaInO 3 phase and the (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase having a Ga 2 O 3 type structure are configured in a desired ratio, and for this purpose, the average particle diameter of each raw material powder is set to 3 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable that the thickness is 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of each raw material powder is 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- Indium oxide powder is a raw material of ITO (indium-tin oxide), and the development of fine indium oxide powder excellent in sinterability has been promoted along with the improvement of ITO. Since indium oxide powder is continuously used in large quantities as a raw material for ITO, it is possible to obtain a raw material powder having an average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m or less recently.
- ITO indium-tin oxide
- gallium oxide powder or copper (II) oxide powder it is difficult to obtain a raw material powder having an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less because the amount used is still smaller than that of indium oxide powder. Therefore, when only coarse gallium oxide powder is available, it is necessary to grind to an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the atmospheric pressure sintering method is a simple and industrially advantageous method, and is also a preferable means from the viewpoint of low cost.
- a molded body is first prepared as described above.
- the raw material powder is put in a resin pot and mixed with a binder (for example, PVA) by a wet ball mill or the like.
- a binder for example, PVA
- a wet ball mill or the like In the production of the oxide sintered body of the present invention, in addition to the In 2 O 3 phase, a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase, or a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type GaInO 3 phase and (Ga, In order to suppress excessive formation of the In) 2 O 3 phase or not to form a ⁇ 2 -Ga 2 O 3 type Ga 2 O 3 phase, it is preferable to carry out the ball mill mixing for 18 hours or more.
- a hard ZrO 2 ball may be used as the mixing ball.
- the slurry is taken out, filtered, dried and granulated. Thereafter, the granulated product obtained was molded by applying a pressure of about 9.8MPa (0.1ton / cm 2) ⁇ 294MPa (3ton / cm 2) cold isostatic pressing, the molded body.
- an atmosphere in which oxygen is present is preferable, and the oxygen volume fraction in the atmosphere is more preferably more than 20%.
- the oxygen volume fraction exceeds 20%, the oxide sintered body is further densified. Due to the excessive oxygen in the atmosphere, the sintering of the surface of the compact proceeds first in the early stage of sintering. Subsequently, sintering in a reduced state inside the molded body proceeds, and finally a high-density oxide sintered body is obtained.
- the temperature range of atmospheric pressure sintering is preferably 1200 ° C. or more and 1550 ° C. or less, and more preferably, sintering is performed at 1350 ° C. or more and 1450 ° C. or less in an atmosphere in which oxygen gas is introduced into the atmosphere in the sintering furnace.
- the sintering time is preferably 10 to 30 hours, more preferably 15 to 25 hours.
- the sintering temperature is less than 1200 ° C., the sintering reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and the density of the oxide sintered body becomes less than 6.4 g / cm 3 .
- the sintering temperature exceeds 1550 ° C., the formation of the (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase becomes significant.
- the (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase has a higher electrical resistance than the GaInO 3 phase, and therefore causes a decrease in the deposition rate.
- a sintering temperature of 1550 ° C. or lower, that is, a small amount of (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase is not a problem. From such a viewpoint, the sintering temperature is preferably 1200 ° C. or higher and 1550 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 1350 ° C. or higher and 1450 ° C. or lower.
- the heating rate up to the sintering temperature is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 ° C./min in order to prevent cracking of the sintered body and to proceed with debinding. If it is this range, you may heat up to sintering temperature combining a different temperature increase rate as needed.
- the binder In the temperature raising process, the binder may be held for a certain time at a specific temperature for the purpose of progressing debinding and sintering. In particular, in order to promote the solid solution of copper in the In 2 O 3 phase, it is effective to hold at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or lower for a certain period of time.
- the holding time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.
- the introduction of oxygen is stopped, and the temperature can be lowered to 1000 ° C. at a rate of 0.2 to 5 ° C./min, particularly 0.2 ° C./min or more and less than 1 ° C./min. preferable.
- Target The target of the present invention can be obtained by cutting the oxide sintered body into a predetermined size, polishing the surface, and adhering it to a backing plate.
- the target shape is preferably a flat plate shape, but may be a cylindrical shape. When a cylindrical target is used, it is preferable to suppress particle generation due to target rotation.
- the density of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is preferably 6.4 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density is less than 6.4 g / cm 3 , it causes nodules during mass production and is not preferable.
- Oxide semiconductor thin film and method for forming the same An amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention is formed by forming an amorphous thin film on a substrate by sputtering using the sputtering target, and then performing a heat treatment. Can be obtained.
- the sputtering target is obtained from an oxide sintered body, and is basically formed by the oxide sintered body structure, that is, the In 2 O 3 phase having a bixbite type structure and the GaInO 3 phase having a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure.
- the organized organization is important.
- it is important that the amorphous oxide thin film has a high crystallization temperature, which is related to the oxide sintered body structure. . That is, when the oxide sintered body used in the present invention includes not only the In 2 O 3 phase of the bixbite type structure but also the GaInO 3 phase of the ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 type structure, it is obtained from this.
- the formed oxide thin film has a high crystallization temperature, that is, preferably a crystallization temperature of 250 ° C. or higher, more preferably 300 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 350 ° C. or higher, and becomes a stable amorphous state.
- the oxide sintered body is constituted only by the In 2 O 3 phase having a bixbite structure
- the oxide thin film after film formation has a low crystallization temperature of about 190 to 230 ° C., It is no longer stable amorphous. For this reason, when it heat-processes at about 250 degreeC, it may crystallize. In this case, microcrystals are already generated after film formation, and the amorphous state is not maintained, and patterning processing by wet etching becomes difficult. This is well known in general ITO (tin-added indium oxide) transparent conductive films.
- a general sputtering method is used.
- the direct current (DC) sputtering method is industrial because it is less affected by heat during film formation and enables high-speed film formation. Is advantageous.
- a mixed gas composed of an inert gas and oxygen, particularly argon and oxygen as a sputtering gas.
- the substrate is typically a glass substrate and is preferably alkali-free glass, but any resin plate or resin film that can withstand the temperature of the above process can be used.
- a mixed gas composed of argon and oxygen is introduced, and the gas pressure is set to 0.2 to 0.5 Pa.
- Pre-sputtering can be carried out by generating direct current plasma by applying direct current power so that the direct current power with respect to the area, that is, the direct current power density is in the range of about 1 to 7 W / cm 2 . After performing this pre-sputtering for 5 to 30 minutes, it is preferable to perform sputtering film formation after correcting the substrate position if necessary. In the sputtering film formation, in order to improve the film formation speed, the direct current power input within an allowable range is increased.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention can be obtained by heat-treating the amorphous thin film after the formation.
- the heat treatment condition is a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- an atmosphere containing oxygen, ozone, water vapor, nitrogen oxide, or the like is preferable.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 250 to 600 ° C, more preferably 300 to 550 ° C, and further preferably 350 to 500 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 120 minutes, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes, which is maintained at the heat treatment temperature.
- an amorphous film is formed at a low temperature such as near room temperature, and then heat-treated in the above temperature range below the crystallization temperature to maintain the amorphous semiconductor thin film Get.
- the substrate is heated to a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature of the oxide thin film, preferably 100 to 300 ° C., to form an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film. This may be followed by further heat treatment.
- the composition of indium, gallium, and copper of the thin film before the heat treatment and the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film after the heat treatment is almost the same as the composition of the oxide sintered body of the present invention. That is, it is an amorphous oxide-baked semiconductor thin film containing indium and gallium as oxides and containing copper.
- the gallium content is 0.20 or more and 0.45 or less in Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio, and the copper content is 0.001 or more and less than 0.03 in Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio. .
- the gallium content is more preferably 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less, and further preferably 0.25 or more and 0.30 or less in terms of Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio.
- the copper content is more preferably 0.001 or more and 0.015 or less in terms of the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention is formed by using an oxide sintered body having a controlled composition and structure as described above as a sputtering target and heat-treating it under the appropriate conditions described above.
- the carrier concentration is reduced to 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably a carrier concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, and particularly preferably 8 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film containing a large amount of indium has a carrier concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 6.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film according to the present invention is convenient because the carrier concentration is controlled in a range in which the above TFT shows normally-off.
- the carrier mobility is 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or more, and more preferably the carrier mobility is 20 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or more.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention is subjected to fine processing necessary for applications such as TFT by wet etching or dry etching.
- fine processing by wet etching can be performed.
- the etchant any weak acid can be used, but a weak acid mainly composed of oxalic acid or hydrochloric acid is preferred.
- commercially available products such as ITO-06N manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- dry etching may be selected.
- the thickness of the amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film of the present invention is not limited, but is 10 to 500 nm, preferably 20 to 300 nm, and more preferably 30 to 100 nm. If the thickness is less than 10 nm, high carrier mobility cannot be realized. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 nm, a problem of productivity occurs, which is not preferable.
- the composition of the obtained oxide thin film was examined by ICP emission spectroscopy.
- the film thickness of the oxide thin film was measured with a surface roughness meter (manufactured by Tencor).
- the film formation rate was calculated from the film thickness and the film formation time.
- the carrier concentration and mobility of the oxide thin film were determined by a Hall effect measuring device (manufactured by Toyo Technica).
- the formation phase of the film was identified by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- Indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder, and copper (II) oxide powder were adjusted to an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m or less to obtain raw material powder.
- These raw material powders were prepared so that the Ga / (In + Ga) atom number ratio and Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atom number ratio in the examples and comparative examples in Tables 1 and 2 were as shown in FIG. And mixed with a wet ball mill. At this time, hard ZrO 2 balls were used and the mixing time was 18 hours. After mixing, the slurry was taken out, filtered, dried and granulated. The granulated product was molded by applying a pressure of 3 ton / cm 2 with a cold isostatic press.
- the compact was sintered as follows. Sintering was performed at a sintering temperature of 1000 to 1550 ° C. for 20 hours in an atmosphere in which oxygen was introduced into the atmosphere in the sintering furnace at a rate of 5 liters / minute per 0.1 m 3 of the furnace volume. At this time, the temperature was raised at 1 ° C./min. When cooling after sintering, the introduction of oxygen was stopped, and the temperature was lowered to 1000 ° C. at 10 ° C./min.
- phase identification of the oxide sintered body by X-ray diffraction measurement was performed. As shown in Table 1, the In 2 O 3 phase having a bixbite structure and the GaInO 3 phase having a ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 structure were used. And (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase diffraction peaks only.
- the oxide sintered body was processed into a size of 152 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness, and the sputtering surface was polished with a cup grindstone so that the maximum height Rz was 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the processed oxide sintered body was bonded to a backing plate made of oxygen-free copper using metallic indium to obtain a sputtering target.
- a mixed gas of argon and oxygen was introduced so as to have an appropriate oxygen ratio according to the amount of gallium in each target, and the gas pressure was adjusted to 0.6 Pa.
- a DC plasma was generated by applying a DC power of 300 W (1.64 W / cm 2 ).
- an oxide thin film having a thickness of 50 nm was formed by placing the substrate directly above the sputtering target, that is, at a stationary facing position. It was confirmed that the composition of the obtained oxide thin film was almost the same as that of the target. Further, as a result of X-ray diffraction measurement, it was confirmed to be amorphous.
- the obtained amorphous oxide thin film was heat-treated at 250 to 400 ° C. for 30 minutes or less in the atmosphere using a RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) apparatus.
- the oxide thin film after the heat treatment was confirmed to be amorphous as a result of X-ray diffraction measurement, and had In 2 O 3 (111) as the main peak.
- the Hall effect of the obtained amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film was measured to determine the carrier concentration and mobility. The evaluation results obtained are summarized in Table 2.
- Nodule generation evaluation For the sputtering targets of Examples 6 and 9 and Comparative Example 2, evaluation of nodule generation by sputtering film formation simulating mass production was performed.
- a load lock type pass magnetron sputtering apparatus manufactured by ULVAC
- the target was a square target having a length of 5 inches and a width of 15 inches.
- Sputtering film formation evaluation After evacuating the sputtering chamber to 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, a mixed gas of argon and oxygen was introduced so as to have an appropriate oxygen ratio according to the amount of gallium in each target, and the gas pressure was reduced to 0. Adjusted to 6 Pa.
- the DC power is set to 2500 W (DC power density 5.17 W / cm 2 ) considering that the DC power density generally used in mass production is about 3 to 6 W / cm 2 .
- nodule generation was performed under the above conditions by observing the target surface after continuous sputtering discharge of 50 kWh and evaluating the presence or absence of nodule generation.
- the gallium content of Examples 1 to 14 is 0.20 or more and 0.45 or less in the Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio, and the copper content is in the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic ratio. If it is less than 0.001 or 0.03, and in 2 O 3 phase bixbyite structure, GaInO 3-phase ⁇ -Ga 2 O 3 -type structure as a product phases other than the in 2 O 3 phase or beta It was constituted by a GaInO 3 phase and a (Ga, In) 2 O 3 phase having a —Ga 2 O 3 type structure.
- the oxide sintered bodies of Comparative Examples 2 to 5 since the copper content is 0.03 or more in terms of the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic weight ratio, other than the In 2 O 3 phase having a bixbite structure
- the generated phase includes an In 2 Ga 2 CuO 7 type structure, an InGaCuO 4 type structure, or a structure including a mixed phase thereof, and the oxide sintered body targeted by the present invention is not obtained.
- Table 2 shows an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film containing indium, gallium, and copper as oxides, and the gallium content is 0.20 or more and 0.45 in terms of the Ga / (In + Ga) atomic ratio.
- the characteristics of the oxide semiconductor thin film in which the copper content is controlled to be 0.001 or more and less than 0.03 by the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic weight ratio are shown.
- the oxide semiconductor thin film of the example has a carrier concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less and a carrier mobility of 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or more.
- the oxide semiconductor thin films of 6 to 9 exhibit excellent characteristics with a carrier mobility of 20 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 or higher.
- the oxide semiconductor thin films of Examples 6 to 9 in which the gallium content is limited to a Ga / (In + Ga) atomic weight ratio of 0.25 or more and 0.30 or less show superior characteristics with a carrier concentration of 8 ⁇ 10 17 or less. It was.
- the oxide semiconductor thin film of Comparative Example 1 is an amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film, but the carrier concentration exceeds 3.0 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , and the active layer of the TFT has Not suitable.
- the copper content is 0.03 or more in terms of the Cu / (In + Ga + Cu) atomic weight ratio, and the carrier mobility is lower than 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1 . Therefore, the oxide semiconductor thin film intended by the present invention has not been obtained.
- the gallium content exceeds 0.45 in terms of Ga / (In + Ga) atomic weight ratio, and the carrier mobility is less than 10 cm 2 V ⁇ 1 sec ⁇ 1. The oxide semiconductor thin film which is the object of the present invention has not been obtained.
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Abstract
Description
100×I[GaInO3相(111)]/{I[In2O3相(400)]+I[GaInO3相(111)]} [%]・・・・式1
本発明の酸化物焼結体は、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成されることが好ましい。酸化物焼結体がIn2O3相のみによって構成されると、Cuの含有に関係なく、例えば特許文献3(WO2003/014409号公報)の比較例11と同様にノジュールが発生する。一方、In2Ga2CuO7相、InGaCuO4相又はこれらを混合した相は、In2O3相やGaInO3相と比較して電気抵抗が高いため、スパッタリング成膜で掘れ残りやすくノジュールが発生しやすい。また、これらの相が生成した酸化物焼結体を用いてスパッタリング成膜された酸化物半導体薄膜は、キャリア移動度が低くなる傾向にある。
(式中、I[In2O3相(400)]は、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相の(400)ピーク強度であり、I[GaInO3相(111)]は、β-Ga2O3型構造の複合酸化物β-GaInO3相(111)ピーク強度を示す。)
本発明の酸化物焼結体は、酸化インジウム粉末と酸化ガリウム粉末からなる酸化物粉末、ならびに酸化銅(II)粉末を原料粉末とする。
本発明のターゲットは、上記酸化物焼結体を所定の大きさに切断、表面を研磨加工し、バッキングプレートに接着して得ることができる。ターゲット形状は、平板形が好ましいが、円筒形でもよい。円筒形ターゲットを用いる場合には、ターゲット回転によるパーティクル発生を抑制することが好ましい。
本発明の非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜は、前記のスパッタリング用ターゲットを用いて、スパッタリング法で基板上に非晶質の薄膜を形成し、次いで熱処理を施すことによって得られる。
得られた酸化物焼結体の金属元素の組成をICP発光分光法によって調べた。得られた酸化物焼結体の端材を用いて、X線回折装置(フィリップス製)を用いて粉末法による生成相の同定を行った。
得られた酸化物薄膜の組成をICP発光分光法によって調べた。酸化物薄膜の膜厚は表面粗さ計(テンコール社製)で測定した。成膜速度は、膜厚と成膜時間から算出した。酸化物薄膜のキャリア濃度および移動度は、ホール効果測定装置(東陽テクニカ製)によって求めた。膜の生成相はX線回折測定によって同定した。
酸化インジウム粉末と酸化ガリウム粉末、ならびに酸化銅(II)粉末を平均粒径1.5μm以下となるよう調整して原料粉末とした。これらの原料粉末を、表1及び表2の実施例及び比較例のGa/(In+Ga)原子数比、Cu/(In+Ga+Cu)原子数比の通りになるように調合し、水とともに樹脂製ポットに入れ、湿式ボールミルで混合した。この際、硬質ZrO2ボールを用い、混合時間を18時間とした。混合後、スラリーを取り出し、濾過、乾燥、造粒した。造粒物を、冷間静水圧プレスで3ton/cm2の圧力をかけて成形した。
実施例及び比較例のスパッタリング用ターゲットならびに無アルカリのガラス基板(コーニング製EagleXG)を用いて、基板加熱せずに室温で直流スパッタリングによる成膜を行った。アーキング抑制機能のない直流電源を装備した直流マグネトロンスパッタリング装置(トッキ製)のカソードに、上記スパッタリングターゲットを取り付けた。このときターゲット-基板(ホルダー)間距離を60mmに固定した。1×10-4Pa以下まで真空排気後、アルゴンと酸素の混合ガスを各ターゲットのガリウム量に応じて適当な酸素の比率になるように導入し、ガス圧を0.6Paに調整した。直流電力300W(1.64W/cm2)を印加して直流プラズマを発生させた。10分間のプリスパッタリング後、スパッタリングターゲットの直上、すなわち静止対向位置に基板を配置して、膜厚50nmの酸化物薄膜を形成した。得られた酸化物薄膜の組成は、ターゲットとほぼ同じであることが確認された。また、X線回折測定の結果、非晶質であることが確認された。得られた非晶質の酸化物薄膜には、RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing)装置を用いて、大気中、250~400℃において30分間以内の熱処理を施した。熱処理後の酸化物薄膜は、X線回折測定の結果、非晶質であることが確認され、In2O3(111)を主ピークとしていた。得られた非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜のホール効果測定を行い、キャリア濃度および移動度を求めた。得られた評価結果を、表2にまとめて記載した。
実施例6、9及び比較例2のスパッタリング用ターゲットについて、量産を模擬したスパッタリング成膜によるノジュール発生の評価を実施した。スパッタリング装置は、アーキング抑制機能のない直流電源を装備したロードロック式通過型マグネトロンスパッタリング装置(アルバック製)を用いた。ターゲットは、縦5インチ、横15インチの角型のターゲットを用いた。スパッタリング成膜評価スパッタ室を7×10-5Pa以下まで真空排気後、アルゴンと酸素の混合ガスを各ターゲットのガリウム量に応じて適当な酸素の比率になるように導入し、ガス圧を0.6Paに調整した。直流電力は、一般に量産で採用される直流電力密度は3~6W/cm2程度であることを考慮し、2500W(直流電力密度5.17W/cm2)とした。
表1に示すように、実施例1~14のガリウム含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.45以下であり、銅の含有量がCu/(In+Ga+Cu)原子量比で0.001以上0.03未満の場合には、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成されていた。
Claims (9)
- インジウム、ガリウム及び銅を酸化物として含有し、
前記ガリウムの含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.45以下であり、
前記銅の含有量がCu/(In+Ga+Cu)原子数比で0.001以上0.03未満であり、
ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成されることを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。 - 前記銅の含有量がCu/(In+Ga+Cu)原子数比で0.001以上0.015以下である請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記ガリウムの含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.30以下である請求項1又は2に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 銅以外の正二価元素、及び、インジウムとガリウム以外の正三価から正六価の元素、を実質的に含有しない請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 下記の式1で定義されるβ-Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相のX線回折ピーク強度比が2%以上77%以下の範囲である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
100×I[GaInO3相(111)]/{I[In2O3相(400)]+I[GaInO3相(111)]} [%]・・・・式1 - 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体を加工して得られるスパッタリング用ターゲット。
- 請求項6に記載のスパッタリング用ターゲットを用いてスパッタリング法によって基板上に形成された後、熱処理された非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜。
- キャリア移動度が10cm2V-1sec-1以上である請求項7に記載の非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜。
- キャリア濃度が3.0×1018cm-3以下である請求項7又は8に記載の非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜。
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JP2012136415A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-07-19 | Tosoh Corp | 酸化物焼結体、その製造方法、それを用いて得られる酸化物透明導電膜及び太陽電池 |
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JP4760499B2 (ja) | 2006-04-06 | 2011-08-31 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体及びそれを用いた酸化物膜透明導電膜の製造方法 |
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CN106164014A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
US20170029336A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
TWI591195B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
US20170029335A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
JP6358329B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
CN106132903A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
TW201542464A (zh) | 2015-11-16 |
JPWO2015159916A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
TW201540853A (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
US9688580B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
US9732004B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
JPWO2015159917A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
WO2015159916A1 (ja) | 2015-10-22 |
KR20160146665A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
TWI547441B (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
KR20160146666A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
JP6354841B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
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