WO2015125509A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015125509A1 WO2015125509A1 PCT/JP2015/050355 JP2015050355W WO2015125509A1 WO 2015125509 A1 WO2015125509 A1 WO 2015125509A1 JP 2015050355 W JP2015050355 W JP 2015050355W WO 2015125509 A1 WO2015125509 A1 WO 2015125509A1
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- refrigeration cycle
- amount
- refrigerant
- state
- refrigerant leakage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/38—Failure diagnosis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
- F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2103—Temperatures near a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a refrigeration cycle apparatus that copes with refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant may leak from a connection portion of a pipe through which the refrigerant passes. It is desired that such refrigerant leakage can be detected with high accuracy.
- An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus that can accurately detect refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a refrigerant, a plurality of expansion valves, a refrigeration cycle for returning the refrigerant to the compressor through a plurality of evaporators connected to the expansion valves, and the refrigeration cycle.
- Estimating based on the amount of change from the second state quantity of the refrigeration cycle at the second time point, the second total opening degree and the first total being the actual total opening degree at the first time point of the plurality of expansion valves.
- a detector that detects refrigerant leakage in the refrigeration cycle by comparison with the opening.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing the behavior of the refrigeration cycle in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the progress of refrigerant leakage and the expansion valve opening degree in the refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of a leakage detection method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation during the cooling operation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation during the heating operation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the relationship between the operating rate during the heating operation and whether or not leakage determination can be performed.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing the behavior of the refrigeration cycle in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation for updating a set value for comparison with the operation rate.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a leakage detection method according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a result of calculating and measuring the total supercooling amount in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a modified example of the operation during the cooling operation.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a modified example of the operation during the heating operation.
- the air conditioner includes a plurality of outdoor units A1, A2,... An and a plurality of indoor units B1, B2,. These outdoor units A1 to An and indoor units B1 to Bm constitute a multi-type air conditioner.
- Each of the outdoor units A1 to An includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 3, an outdoor expansion valve 4, a receiver 5, packed valves 7 and 8, an accumulator 9, an inverter 10, an outdoor fan 11, and a pressure sensor. 12 and 13 and temperature sensors 14, 15, 16 and 17.
- Each indoor unit B1 to Bm includes an indoor expansion valve 31, an indoor heat exchanger 32, an indoor fan 33, and a temperature sensor.
- an outdoor heat exchanger 3 is connected to the discharge port of the compressor 1 via a four-way valve 2 by piping, and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is connected to an outdoor expansion valve 4 and a liquid receiver (liquid tank).
- the packed valve 7 is connected by piping via 5).
- the indoor expansion valves 31 of the indoor units B1 to Bm are connected to the packed valves 7 of the outdoor units A1 to An by piping.
- an indoor heat exchanger 32 is connected to the indoor expansion valve 31 by piping.
- the packed valves 8 of the outdoor units A1 to An are connected to the indoor heat exchangers 32 of the indoor units B1 to Bm by piping.
- the suction port of the compressor 1 is connected to the packed valve 8 via a four-way valve 2 and an accumulator 9 by piping. These connections constitute a heat pump refrigeration cycle.
- the outdoor units A1 to An and the indoor units B1 to Bm are connected to each other in parallel.
- the compressor 1 is a sealed type in which a motor that operates according to the output of the inverter 10 is housed in a sealed case.
- the inverter 10 converts the voltage of the commercial AC power source into a DC voltage, converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage having a level corresponding to the predetermined frequency F (Hz) and the predetermined frequency F, and outputs the AC voltage.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressors 1 of the outdoor units A1 to An is received by the four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the outdoor expansion valve 4 of the outdoor units A1 to An, as indicated by arrows. It flows into the indoor heat exchanger 32 of each of the indoor units B1 to Bm through the liquid device 5, the packed valve 7, and the indoor expansion valves 31. The refrigerant flowing out from each indoor heat exchanger 32 is sucked into the compressor 1 through the packed valve 8, the four-way valve 2, and the accumulator 9 of each outdoor unit A1 to An. With this refrigerant flow, each outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as a condenser, and each indoor heat exchanger 32 functions as an evaporator.
- each indoor heat exchanger 32 functions as a condenser
- each outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as an evaporator.
- an outdoor fan 11 is disposed in the vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- an indoor fan 33 is disposed in the vicinity of each indoor heat exchanger 32.
- a pressure sensor 12 is attached to the high-pressure side pipe between the discharge port of the compressor 1 and the four-way valve 2, and the low-pressure side pipe between the accumulator 9 and the suction port of the compressor 1 is attached.
- a pressure sensor 13 is attached.
- the pressure sensor 12 detects the pressure Pd of the high pressure side pipe.
- the pressure sensor 13 detects the pressure Ps of the low-pressure side pipe.
- a temperature sensor 14 is attached to the high-pressure side pipe, a temperature sensor 15 is attached to the low-pressure side pipe, and a pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the outdoor expansion valve 4 is installed.
- a temperature sensor 16 is attached at a position near the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- the temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature Td of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1.
- the temperature sensor 15 detects the temperature Ts of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1.
- the temperature sensor 16 detects the temperature T1 of the refrigerant flowing through the pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the outdoor expansion valve 4.
- the temperature sensor 17 is attached to the position which does not contact the outdoor heat exchanger 3, for example, and receives the ventilation of the outdoor fan 11.
- the temperature sensor 17 detects the outside air temperature To.
- a temperature sensor 34 is attached to a pipe between the indoor expansion valve 31 and the indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the temperature sensor 34 detects the temperature T2 of the refrigerant flowing through the pipe between the indoor expansion valve 31 and the indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the outdoor expansion valve 4 and the indoor expansion valve 31 are, for example, pulse motor valves (PMV) whose opening degree changes according to the number of input drive pulses.
- PMV pulse motor valves
- a control unit 40 is connected to the outdoor units A1 to An and the indoor units B1 to Bm, and a remote control type operating device (referred to as a remote controller) 41 and a reset switch 42 are connected to the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 includes, for example, a processor, a memory, a control circuit board, and various circuits.
- the remote controller 41 is used, for example, for setting operating conditions of the air conditioner.
- the reset switch 42 is provided on a control circuit board provided in the control unit 40.
- the control unit 40 operates as the following units (1) to (3) as main functions. These operations are realized, for example, when a processor configuring the control unit 40 executes a computer program stored in the memory.
- the predicted total opening Qpre (first total opening) of the expansion valve at the current time (first time) when it is assumed that there is no refrigerant leakage in the refrigeration cycle is the state quantity (first state) of the current refrigeration cycle. Amount) and the amount of change between the state quantity (second state quantity) of the refrigeration cycle in the initial operation (second time point) in the past from the present time.
- a detection unit that detects refrigerant leakage in the refrigeration cycle by comparing Qact (second total opening) and predicted total opening Qpre. During the heating operation, the detection unit detects refrigerant leakage on the condition that the operation rate R of each of the indoor units B1 to Bm is higher than the set value Rs related to the operation rate.
- a recording unit that records a state quantity used by the detection unit for calculating the predicted total opening Qpre in the initial operation of the refrigeration cycle.
- An updating unit that updates the set value Rs according to the operation rate of each of the indoor units B1 to Bm during the heating operation.
- the total opening Qact is the total opening of each indoor expansion valve 31 during the cooling operation, and the total opening of each outdoor expansion valve 4 during the heating operation. That is, the total opening Qact is provided immediately before the evaporator (the indoor heat exchanger 32 during the cooling operation and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 during the heating operation) with respect to the refrigerant flow direction in both the cooling operation and the heating operation. It is the total opening degree of the obtained expansion valve.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve is represented by, for example, the number of drive pulses.
- the total opening Qact is the total number of drive pulses of the expansion valve provided immediately before each evaporator, and the predicted total opening Qpre is also expressed by the number of drive pulses.
- the opening Q (flow coefficient) of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator can be obtained by the following flow characteristic theoretical formula.
- ⁇ is the refrigerant density (kg / m 3 ) on the refrigerant inlet side of the expansion valve
- L is the amount of refrigerant circulating through the expansion valve (kg / s)
- ⁇ P is the refrigerant pressure and refrigerant outlet side on the refrigerant inlet side of the expansion valve
- MPa the difference
- the opening Q at a certain point in time is the operating frequency at that point, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet side of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator,
- the current opening degree Q can be predicted by performing correction based on the amount of change between the condensing temperature, the evaporation temperature, the degree of superheat, and the current parameters.
- the predicted total opening Qpre (total opening of each indoor expansion valve 31) can be calculated by the following equation (I).
- Qpre a1 ⁇ ⁇ Fsum + b1 ⁇ ⁇ Tcj ave + c1 ⁇ ⁇ Tg ave + d1 ⁇ ⁇ Tu ave + e1 ⁇ ⁇ SHave + Qsum (I) a1, b1, c1, d1, and e1 are constants and can be determined experimentally, theoretically, or empirically.
- ⁇ Fsum is the amount of change in the total value Fsum of the operating frequencies F of the compressors 1.
- ⁇ Tcj ave is a change amount of the average value Tcj ave of the refrigerant temperature Tcj at the outlet side of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator.
- the refrigerant temperature Tcj from which the average value Tcj ave is calculated is the temperature T2 detected by the temperature sensor 34 of the indoor unit B in operation.
- the refrigerant temperature Tcj from which the average value Tcj ave is calculated is the temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 16 of the outdoor unit A in operation.
- ⁇ Tg ave is the amount of change in the average value Tg ave of the condensation temperature Tg converted from the discharge pressure of each compressor 1.
- the condensation temperature Tg which is the source of calculation of the average value Tg ave, is a temperature converted from the detected pressure Pd of the pressure sensor 12 of the outdoor unit A in operation.
- ⁇ Tu ave is the change amount of the average value Tu ave of the evaporation temperature Tu converted from the suction pressure of each compressor 1.
- the evaporation temperature Tu that is the calculation source of the average value Tu ave is a temperature converted from the detected pressure Ps of the pressure sensor 13 of the outdoor unit A that is in operation.
- ⁇ SHave is the amount of change in the average value SHave of the superheat degree SH on the suction side of the compressor 1 in operation.
- Qsum is a total opening degree in the initial operation of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator. During the cooling operation, the opening that serves as the calculation source of Qsum is the opening of the indoor expansion valve 31. During the heating operation, the opening that is the calculation source of Qsum is the opening of the outdoor expansion valve 4.
- each parameter demonstrated above can be suitably deform
- FIG. 2 is a ph diagram showing the behavior of the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation.
- This figure shows a cycle C1 when there is no refrigerant leakage, a cycle C2 when refrigerant leakage has progressed to some extent, and a cycle C3 when refrigerant leakage further progresses from cycle C2.
- the refrigerant in A1 is in a high pressure state compressed by the compressor 1, and the refrigerant in the high pressure state is condensed by the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and reaches A2. Further, the refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by the expansion valves 4 and 31 to reach A3, and the refrigerant after the adiabatic expansion is evaporated by the indoor heat exchanger 32 and reaches A4.
- FIG. 3 shows how the total opening Qact changes during the process of leakage.
- the total opening Qact shown in this figure is the total opening of each indoor expansion valve 31 when, for example, the degree of superheat of the refrigeration cycle is kept constant.
- the total opening Qact rises with a gentle slope at the beginning of the leakage progress, and the rising slope becomes large after the leakage progress has progressed to some extent, and eventually reaches the maximum total opening Qmax.
- the maximum total opening Qmax is the total opening when the indoor expansion valves 31 are fully opened.
- FIG. 4 is a graph in which the horizontal axis is the predicted total opening Qpre and the vertical axis is the actual total opening Qact.
- the set value ⁇ is a threshold value that separates the case where it can be determined that refrigerant leakage has occurred in the refrigeration cycle and the case where it is not, and can be determined experimentally, theoretically, or empirically, for example.
- the set value ⁇ can be an opening degree of 200 to 300 pulses as the number of drive pulses.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the control unit 40 during the cooling operation.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the flag f is “0” (step 101).
- the flag f is reset to “0” when the user or an operator operates the reset switch 42 when the refrigeration cycle apparatus is installed.
- the control unit 40 integrates the operation time t (Step 102), and determines whether the integrated operation time t is equal to or longer than the set time t1 (Step 103). ).
- the accumulated operation time t is sequentially updated and stored in the internal memory of the control unit 40, and is cleared when the reset switch 42 is operated.
- the set time t1 is, for example, a time determined between 50 and 100 hours in the initial stage of operation, and an appropriate value can be selected according to the installation environment of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- the process of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the refrigeration cycle is in a stable state (steps 104, 105, 106). In step 104, the control unit 40 determines that the absolute value of the difference ⁇ SH between the superheat degree SH of the refrigerant on the suction side of each compressor 1 in operation and the target value SHt of the heating degree SH is a set value ⁇ SHs relating to the superheat degree. It is determined whether it is less than (
- the target value SHt is set by the control unit 40 based on, for example, operating conditions.
- the set value ⁇ SHs can be determined in advance within a range of 0 to 3K, for example.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the degree of superheat SH is positive (SH ⁇ 0).
- the control unit 40 determines whether each of the operating frequencies F of the operating compressors 1 is greater than or equal to a set value Fs related to the operating frequency (F ⁇ Fs).
- the set value Fs can be determined in advance, for example, within a range of about 30% or more of the maximum operating frequency in each compressor 1, and preferably within a range of about 40% or more. If any one of the determination results in steps 104 to 106 is negative, the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101.
- the control unit 40 records the state quantity of the refrigeration cycle at that point in time based on the determination that the refrigeration cycle has entered a stable state (step 107). Specifically, the control unit 40 detects and detects Fsum, Tcj ave, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, and Qsum as the state amount (second state amount) in the initial operation (second time point). The state quantity is stored in the internal memory.
- Fsum, Tcj ave, Tg ave, Tu ave, and SHave detected and stored in step 107 are expressed as Fsum ′, Tcjcave ′, TgTave ′, Tu ave ′, and SHave ′, respectively.
- the control unit 40 sets the flag f to “1” (step 108). Thereafter, the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the refrigeration cycle is in a stable state (steps 109, 110, and 111), as in steps 104 to 106. Further, the control unit 40 determines whether or not the outside air temperature To is equal to or greater than the set value Tos relating to the outside air temperature (To ⁇ Tos) (step 112).
- the set value Tos can be determined in advance within a range of 10 to 15 ° C., for example.
- the outdoor temperature To used for comparison with the set value Tos may be, for example, a temperature detected by any one of the temperature sensors 17 of the outdoor unit A that is in operation, or the temperature sensor 17 of the outdoor unit A that is in operation. The average value of each temperature to detect may be sufficient. If any one of the determination results in steps 109 to 112 is negative, the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101.
- the control unit 40 detects the difference between the state quantity at the initial stage of operation stored in the internal memory and the state quantity at the present time of the refrigeration cycle as the state change amount (Ste 113). Specifically, the control unit 40 detects Fsum, Tcj ave, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, and Qact as the current state amount (first state amount). Qact is the actual total opening of each indoor expansion valve 31 at the present time.
- the control unit 40 uses the detected state change amounts ⁇ Fsum, ⁇ Tcj ave, ⁇ Tg ave, ⁇ Tu ave, ⁇ SHave and the total opening Qsum in the initial operation stored in the internal memory, and the refrigeration cycle according to the above equation (I).
- the predicted total opening Qpre of each indoor expansion valve 31 when it is assumed that there is no refrigerant leakage is calculated (step 114).
- the control unit 40 determines that the refrigerant leakage has occurred in the refrigeration cycle, for example, a character display or icon on the remote controller 41. Notification is made by image display (step 116). By this notification, the user can recognize that the refrigerant has leaked and request maintenance / inspection.
- control unit 40 stops the compressor 1 and prohibits the subsequent operation in accordance with the notification (step 117). By prohibiting this operation, the operation does not continue with the refrigerant leaking, and adverse effects on the refrigeration cycle equipment can be avoided.
- the control unit 40 When the deviation amount ⁇ Q is equal to or less than the set value ⁇ (NO in step 115), the refrigerant amount in the refrigeration cycle is normal. In this case, the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101 without going through steps 116 and 117.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the control unit 40 during the heating operation.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the flag f is “0” (step 101). When the flag f is “0” (YES in Step 101), the control unit 40 executes the processes of Steps 102 to 108 as in the cooling operation.
- the state quantity (second state quantity) at the initial stage of operation (second time point) detected in step 107 and stored in the internal memory is the same as that during cooling operation, Fsum ′, Tcj ave ′, Tg ave ′, Tu ave ′, SHave ', Qsum.
- Tcj ave ′ is the average value of the temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 16 of the outdoor unit A in operation
- Qsum is the total opening degree of each outdoor expansion valve 4.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the operation rate R of each of the indoor units B1 to Bm is equal to or greater than the set value Rs (Step 201).
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a 4HP (horsepower) indoor unit B1 and 2HP indoor units B2 to B5 is assumed.
- the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 101. That is, in this case, detection of refrigerant leakage is not performed.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the refrigeration cycle is in a stable state as in the cooling operation (steps 109, 110, and 111). During the heating operation, the determination regarding the outside air temperature To (step 112) is not executed.
- the state quantity (first state quantity) detected at step 113 at the present time (first time point) is Fsum, Tcj ave, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, and Qact as in the cooling operation.
- Tcj ave is an average value of the temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 16 of the outdoor unit A in operation
- Qact is a total opening degree of each outdoor expansion valve 4.
- the predicted total opening Qpre calculated in step 114 is the total opening for each outdoor expansion valve 4.
- step 115 whether or not there is refrigerant leakage by comparing the amount of deviation ⁇ Q between the predicted total opening Qpre obtained in step 114 and the actual total opening Qact of each outdoor expansion valve 4 at the present time with the set value ⁇ . Is determined.
- This set value ⁇ may be a value different from that during cooling operation.
- Step 201 is introduced in the operation during the heating operation is to prevent erroneous detection of refrigerant leakage due to the liquid refrigerant accumulated in the stopped indoor unit B. That is, during the heating operation, the indoor heat exchanger 32 functions as a condenser, and the indoor expansion valve 31 of the stopped indoor unit B is closed, so that liquid is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 32 of the stopped indoor unit B and the like. A phenomenon that the refrigerant accumulates occurs. When the number of stopped indoor units B is small (the operation rate R is high), a sufficient amount of refrigerant is supplied from the liquid receivers 5 of the outdoor units A1 to An to the refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the relationship between the operation rate R and whether or not leakage determination can be performed.
- operation rate determination “OK” since the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle is such that it does not cause erroneous detection of refrigerant leakage
- the opening degree Q and the superheat degree SH in a state where the operation rate R is 15% are not stable even after a certain amount of time, and the deviation of the opening degree Q and the superheat degree SH becomes large.
- operation rate determination “NG” since the amount of refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration cycle is such that refrigerant leakage can be erroneously detected.
- the set value Rs can be set to about 30%, which is the minimum value of the operation rate at which the behavior due to the refrigerant shortage does not occur.
- the set value Rs may be fixedly determined in advance or may be appropriately changed after the refrigeration cycle apparatus is installed.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the integrated operation time t is equal to or longer than the set value t2 (step 301).
- the set time t2 is, for example, a time set between 50 and 100 hours in the initial stage of operation, and an appropriate value can be selected according to the installation environment of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. While the integrated operation time t is less than the set time t2 (NO in step 301), the control unit 40 repeats the determination in step 301.
- the control unit 40 determines whether the opening Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 is stabilized (step 302). Specifically, the control unit 40 determines that the absolute value of the change amount ⁇ Qx per predetermined time of the opening degree Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 is continuously less than the set value Qs1 (
- the predetermined time is a period for sampling the number of drive pulses of each outdoor expansion valve 4 for the calculation of the change amount ⁇ Qx, and is an execution period of step 302, for example.
- the set value Qs1 is a value that can be considered that the opening Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 is stable, and is, for example, an opening corresponding to 5 to 10 pulses as the number of drive pulses.
- the fixed time t3 can be determined within a range of 3 to 5 minutes, for example. In the case of negative in step 302 (NO in step 302), the operation of the control unit 40 returns to step 301.
- step 302 determines whether the current opening degree Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 is not the maximum opening degree Qmax of each outdoor expansion valve 4. (Step 303).
- the opening degree Q of at least one outdoor expansion valve 4 has reached the maximum opening degree Qmax (NO in step 303)
- the degree Q may be stable at the maximum opening Qmax. In this case, the operation of the control unit 40 returns to step 301.
- the control unit 40 determines whether or not the current operation rate R is less than the set value Rs (R ⁇ Rs) (step 304). When the operation rate R is equal to or greater than the set value Rs (NO in step 304), the operation of the control unit 40 returns to the determination in step 301. When the operation rate R is less than the set value Rs (YES in step 304), the control unit 40 updates the set value Rs with the current operation rate R (step 305).
- the set value Rs is set to a sufficiently large value.
- the set value Rs is updated to a smaller value within a range in which no behavior due to insufficient refrigerant occurs.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus determines the total opening Qpre of the expansion valve when there is no refrigerant leakage based on the amount of change between the state quantity in the initial operation of the refrigeration cycle and the current state quantity.
- the refrigerant leakage is detected by comparing the predicted total opening Qpre with the actual total opening Qact of the expansion valve at the present time. In this way, based on the amount of change between the state quantity at the initial stage of operation and the current state quantity, the total opening Qpre can be accurately predicted regardless of the number of indoor units B constituting the refrigeration cycle, the pipe length, and the like. . Therefore, even if the amount of refrigerant leakage is small, refrigerant leakage can be reliably detected.
- the total opening degree of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator is used as a parameter for leakage determination in both the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve provided immediately after the condenser is controlled so that the amount of supercooling of the condenser is constant. Therefore, the refrigerant density at the inlet side of the expansion valve is a considerable amount of refrigerant. If it does not leak, it will not change.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve provided immediately before the evaporator is controlled so that the degree of superheat of the evaporator is constant, the sensitivity to changes in the refrigerant density appearing in the liquid pipe is high. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to detect refrigerant leakage even when the amount of refrigerant leakage is small.
- refrigerant leakage can be detected with high accuracy.
- two conditions for determining whether the refrigeration cycle is in a stable state are “the absolute value of the difference ⁇ SH between the superheat degree SH and the target value SHt is less than the set value ⁇ SHs” and “the superheat degree SH is positive”. Since it is used, it is possible to accurately detect refrigerant leakage in a state where there is no operation delay of the so-called liquid bag or expansion valve in which the liquid refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1.
- the operating frequency F when the operating frequency F is lowered, liquid refrigerant may accumulate in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 or the indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the operating frequency F is equal to or higher than the set value Fs”. Since the conditions are used, it is possible to accurately detect the refrigerant leakage in a state where the liquid refrigerant does not accumulate in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 or the indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the leakage detection is not performed when the operation rate R is less than the set value Rs during the heating operation. Therefore, erroneous detection of leakage due to the behavior of the refrigeration cycle occurring at a low operation rate can be prevented.
- the indoor unit B which has stopped, since the refrigerant
- Second embodiment A second embodiment will be described.
- the configuration of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the same or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the control unit 40 operates as a detection unit, a recording unit, and an update unit as main functions, as in the first embodiment.
- the detection unit in the present embodiment calculates the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre (first subcooling amount) at the present time (first time point) of each condenser when it is assumed that there is no refrigerant leakage in the refrigeration cycle.
- Each condenser at the present time is calculated (estimated) based on the amount of change between the state quantity (first state quantity) of the refrigeration cycle and the state quantity (second state quantity) of the refrigeration cycle in the initial operation (second time point).
- the refrigerant leakage of the refrigeration cycle is detected by comparing the actual total supercooling amount UCact (second supercooling amount) with the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre.
- the amount of supercooling UC of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 that functions as a condenser during the cooling operation is, for example, a saturation condensation temperature Tg converted from a detection pressure Pd of the pressure sensor 12 of the outdoor unit A and a detection temperature T1 of the temperature sensor 16. Difference (Tg-T1).
- the total supercooling amount UCact corresponds to a total value of the supercooling amounts UC of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 of the outdoor unit A that is in operation among the outdoor units A1 to An.
- the amount of supercooling UC of the indoor heat exchanger 32 that functions as a condenser during heating operation is, for example, the average value Tg ave of the saturation condensation temperature Tg converted from the detected pressure Pd of the pressure sensor 12 of the outdoor unit A in operation and the room This is a difference (Tg ave ⁇ T2) from the detected temperature T2 of the temperature sensor 34 of the unit B.
- the total supercooling amount UCact corresponds to a total value of the supercooling amounts UC of the indoor heat exchanger 32 of the indoor unit B that is in operation among the indoor units B1 to Bm.
- the supercooling amount UC is determined by the refrigerant amount of the refrigeration cycle, the internal volume of the refrigeration cycle, and the heat transfer amount.
- the amount of heat transfer can be expressed by the following theoretical formula.
- K is the heat transfer rate (kW / m 2 k)
- A is the heat transfer area (m 2 )
- ⁇ T is the temperature difference between the refrigerant and air (K)
- Gr is the refrigerant flow rate (Kg / h)
- ⁇ h is the specific enthalpy Difference (kJ / kg).
- the amount of supercooling UC at a certain time is related to the amount of heat transfer at that time.
- the current supercooling amount UC can be predicted. For example, as a parameter related to the amount of heat transfer, the operating frequency of the compressor 1, the condensation temperature, the evaporation temperature, the superheat degree, and the outside air temperature can be used.
- the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre can be calculated by the following equation (II).
- UCpre a2 ⁇ ⁇ Fsum + b2 ⁇ ⁇ Tg ave + c2 ⁇ ⁇ Tu ave + d2 ⁇ ⁇ SHave + e2 ⁇ ⁇ Toave + UCsum (II)
- a2, b2, c2, d2, and e2 are constants and can be determined experimentally, theoretically, or empirically.
- ⁇ Fsum, ⁇ Tg ave, ⁇ Tu ave, and ⁇ SHave are the same parameters as in equation (I).
- ⁇ To ave is the amount of change in the average value To ave of the detected temperature To of the temperature sensor 17 of the outdoor unit A in operation.
- the supercooling amount UC which is the source of calculation of UCsum, is the saturation condensation temperature Tg converted from the detected pressure Pd of the pressure sensor 12 of the outdoor unit A in operation, and the temperature sensor 16 of the outdoor unit A. This is the difference from the detected temperature T1.
- the supercooling amount UC that is a calculation source of UCsum is, for example, a difference between the average value Tg ave and the detected temperature T2 of the temperature sensor 34 of the indoor unit B.
- FIG. 9 is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre, and the vertical axis represents the actual total subcooling amount UCact.
- the set value ⁇ is a threshold value that separates the case where it can be determined that refrigerant leakage has occurred in the refrigeration cycle and the case where it is not, and can be determined experimentally, theoretically, or empirically, for example.
- the set value ⁇ can be determined within a range of 3 to 5K.
- the predicted total subcooling amount UCpre was calculated and the actual total subcooling amount UCact was measured in each of the case where the regular refrigerant amount was filled in the refrigeration cycle and the case where the refrigerant amount corresponding to 20% leakage was filled.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre
- the vertical axis is the actual total supercooling amount UCact.
- the straight line indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is an approximate straight line of the plot relating to the refrigerant amount corresponding to 20% leakage.
- the set value ⁇ is 3K.
- the plot relating to the normal refrigerant amount and the approximate straight line thereof are generally in the range of ⁇ UC ⁇ ⁇ . Most of the plot and the approximate straight line regarding the refrigerant amount corresponding to 20% leakage are in the range of ⁇ UC> ⁇ . From the above results, it can be seen that the refrigerant leakage can be detected by comparing the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre and the actual total supercooling amount UCact.
- the control unit 40 operates according to the flowchart of FIG. 5 as in the first embodiment.
- the state quantity (second state quantity) at the initial stage of operation (second time point) detected in step 107 and stored in the internal memory is Fsum, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, Toave, UCsum at that time. is there.
- UCsum is a total value of the amount of supercooling UC related to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 of the outdoor unit A that is operating at the time of step 107.
- Fsum, Tgave, Tuave, SHave, and Toave detected and stored in step 107 are denoted as Fsum ′, Tgave ′, Tuave ′, SHave ′, and Toave ′, respectively. .
- the state quantity (first state quantity) detected in step 113 is Fsum, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, To ave, UCact at that time (first time).
- UCact is the total value of the amount of supercooling UC related to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 of the outdoor unit A that is operating at the time of step 113.
- step 114 prediction is made based on the detected state change amounts ⁇ Fsum, ⁇ Tg ave, ⁇ Tu ave, ⁇ SHave, ⁇ To ave, the total supercooling amount UCsum in the initial stage of operation stored in the internal memory, and the above equation (II).
- the total supercooling amount UCpre is calculated.
- Step 115 the refrigerant is obtained by comparing the amount of deviation ⁇ UC between the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre obtained in Step 114 and the total supercooling amount UCact of each outdoor heat exchanger 3 at the present time with the set value ⁇ . The presence or absence of leakage is determined.
- the control unit 40 operates according to the flowchart of FIG. 6 as in the first embodiment.
- the state quantity (second state quantity) at the initial stage of operation (second time point) detected in step 107 and stored in the internal memory is the same as that during cooling operation, Fsum ′, Tg ave ′, Tu ave ′, SHave ′, To. ave ′, UCsum.
- UCsum is the total value of the amount of supercooling UC related to each indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the state quantities (first state quantities) detected in step 113 at the present time (first time point) are Fsum, Tg ave, Tu ave, SHave, Toave, and UCact as in the cooling operation, and the state change
- UCact is the total value of the amount of supercooling UC related to the indoor heat exchanger 32 of the indoor unit B that is operating at the time of step 113.
- the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre calculated in step 114 is a predicted value of the total supercooling amount for each indoor heat exchanger 32.
- the amount of refrigerant leakage is calculated by comparing the amount of deviation ⁇ UC between the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre obtained in step 114 and the total supercooling amount UCact of each indoor heat exchanger 32 at the present time, and the set value ⁇ . Presence / absence is determined. This set value ⁇ may be a value different from that during cooling operation.
- the flow of the operation for updating the set value Rs is the same as that in the flowchart of FIG.
- the refrigerant leakage is detected by comparing the predicted total supercooling amount UCpre and the actual total supercooling amount UCact as in the present embodiment described above, the refrigerant leakage is accurately performed as in the first embodiment. Can be detected.
- steps 401 and 402 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 may be used instead of steps 104 and 109.
- the control unit 40 determines that the absolute value of the change amount ⁇ Qx per predetermined time of each opening Q of each indoor expansion valve 31 is constant time t4. It is determined whether it is less than the set value Qs2 (
- the control unit 40 determines that the absolute value of the change amount ⁇ Qx per predetermined time of the opening Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 is a fixed time. It is determined whether it is less than the set value Qs2 (
- the predetermined time is a period for sampling the number of drive pulses of each indoor expansion valve 31 or each outdoor expansion valve 4 for the calculation of the change amount ⁇ Qx, and can be, for example, the execution period of steps 401 and 402.
- the set value Qs2 is a value at which the opening Q of each outdoor expansion valve 4 or each indoor expansion valve 31 can be regarded as being stable, and for example, the number of drive pulses may be set to an opening corresponding to 3 to 5 pulses. it can.
- the fixed time t4 can be determined within a range of 5 to 10 minutes, for example.
- the system configuration can be changed even after installation.
- the formulas for calculating the predicted total opening Qpre and the predicted total subcooling amount UCpre include parameters that greatly depend on the indoor unit and piping length, it is necessary to redefine this formula as the system configuration changes Occurs. Therefore, the predicted total opening Qpre and the predicted total subcooling amount UCpre may be calculated by an expression defined so as not to include parameters that greatly depend on the indoor unit and the pipe length. For example, since the evaporation temperature Tu and the superheat degree SH on the suction side of the compressor 1 largely depend on the indoor unit and the pipe length, the formula may be defined so as not to include them.
- the set value Rs may be updated at an operation rate that is higher than the current operation rate R by a predetermined value.
- the amount of liquid refrigerant that accumulates in the stopped indoor unit and the surrounding piping varies depending on the indoor configuration such as the length of the piping that connects each indoor unit to each outdoor unit. Therefore, even when the operation rate R is the same, if the indoor units being stopped are different, a behavior due to a lack of refrigerant may occur on the one hand and not on the other hand. Therefore, updating the set value Rs as described above can prevent erroneous detection of refrigerant leakage due to a difference in indoor form.
- the update of the set value Rs by the operation shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8 may be performed while forcibly changing the operating rate in a trial operation or the like when the refrigeration cycle apparatus is installed, not during normal operation.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus mounted on the air conditioner has been described.
- the configuration relating to the detection of refrigerant leakage disclosed in each of the above embodiments and modifications includes other devices such as a water heater.
- the present invention can also be applied to a refrigeration cycle apparatus mounted on the vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態について説明する。
図1に示すように、空気調和機は、複数の室外ユニットA1,A2,…Anと、複数の室内ユニットB1,B2,…Bmとを備える。これら室外ユニットA1~An及び室内ユニットB1~Bmにより、マルチタイプの空気調和機が構成される。
(1)冷凍サイクルに冷媒漏洩が無いと仮定した場合の現時点(第1時点)における膨張弁の予測合計開度Qpre(第1合計開度)を、現時点における冷凍サイクルの状態量(第1状態量)と現時点よりも過去の運転初期(第2時点)における冷凍サイクルの状態量(第2状態量)との変化量に基づいて算出(推定)し、現時点における膨張弁の実際の合計開度Qact(第2合計開度)と予測合計開度Qpreとの比較により冷凍サイクルの冷媒漏洩を検出する検出部。暖房運転時において、この検出部は、各室内ユニットB1~Bmの運転率Rが、運転率に関する設定値Rsよりも高いことを条件に冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する。
一般に、蒸発器の直前に設けられた膨張弁の開度Q(流量係数)は、以下の流量特性理論式によって求めることができる。ρは膨張弁の冷媒入口側における冷媒密度(kg/m3)、Lは膨張弁を通る冷媒の循環量(kg/s)、ΔPは膨張弁の冷媒入口側における冷媒の圧力と冷媒出口側における冷媒の圧力との差(MPa)である。
冷媒密度ρを除く循環量Lおよび圧力差ΔPは、圧縮機1の運転周波数、蒸発器の直前に設けられた膨張弁の出口側における冷媒温度、凝縮温度、蒸発温度、過熱度を用いた演算により求めることができる。冷媒漏洩が無く冷媒密度ρが一定であるとの仮定の下では、ある時点の開度Qを、その時点での運転周波数、蒸発器の直前に設けられた膨張弁の出口側における冷媒温度、凝縮温度、蒸発温度、過熱度と、現時点でのこれらパラメータとの変化量に基づいて補正することで、現時点での開度Qを予測することができる。
d1・ΔTu ave+e1・ΔSHave+Qsum …(I)
a1,b1,c1,d1,e1は定数であって、実験的、理論的、或いは経験的に定めることができる。
ΔTcj aveは、蒸発器の直前に設けられた膨張弁の出口側における冷媒温度Tcjの平均値Tcj aveの変化量である。冷房運転時において、平均値Tcj aveの算出元となる冷媒温度Tcjは、稼働中の室内ユニットBの温度センサ34により検知される温度T2である。暖房運転時において、平均値Tcj aveの算出元となる冷媒温度Tcjは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの温度センサ16により検知される温度T1である。
ΔTg aveは、各圧縮機1の吐出圧力から換算される凝縮温度Tgの平均値Tg aveの変化量である。具体的には、平均値Tg aveの算出元となる凝縮温度Tgは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの圧力センサ12の検知圧力Pdから換算される温度である。
ΔTu aveは、各圧縮機1の吸込み圧力から換算される蒸発温度Tuの平均値Tu aveの変化量である。具体的には、平均値Tu aveの算出元となる蒸発温度Tuは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの圧力センサ13の検知圧力Psから換算される温度である。
ΔSHaveは、稼働中の圧縮機1の吸込み側における過熱度SHの平均値SHaveの変化量である。具体的には、平均値SHaveの算出元となる過熱度SHは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの温度センサ15の検知温度Tsから、その室外ユニットAの圧力センサ13の検知圧力Tsから換算される蒸発温度Tuを減算した値である(SH=Ts-Tu)。
Qsumは、蒸発器の直前に設けられた膨張弁の運転初期における合計開度である。冷房運転時において、Qsumの算出元となる開度は、室内膨張弁31の開度である。暖房運転時において、Qsumの算出元となる開度は、室外膨張弁4の開度である。
図5は、冷房運転時における制御部40の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。制御部40は、フラグfが“0”であるかを判定する(ステップ101)。フラグfは、冷凍サイクル装置の設置時などにおいて、ユーザや作業員がリセットスイッチ42を操作した際に“0”にリセットされる。
図6は、暖房運転時における制御部40の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。制御部40は、フラグfが“0”であるかを判定する(ステップ101)。フラグfが“0”の場合(ステップ101のYES)、制御部40は、冷房運転時と同じく、ステップ102~108の処理を実行する。ステップ107において検出されて内部メモリに記憶される運転初期(第2時点)の状態量(第2状態量)は、冷房運転時と同じくFsum´、Tcj ave´、Tg ave´、Tu ave´、SHave´、Qsumである。但し、Tcj ave´は稼働中の室外ユニットAの温度センサ16により検知される温度T1の平均値であり、Qsumは各室外膨張弁4の合計開度である。
第2実施形態について説明する。冷凍サイクル装置の構成は、第1実施形態と同様である。同一又は類似の要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
一般に、過冷却量UCは、冷凍サイクルの冷媒量、冷凍サイクルの内容積、伝熱量によって定まる。また、伝熱量は、以下の理論式によって表すことができる。左辺は空気側の伝熱量を示し、右辺は冷媒側の伝熱量を示す。Kは熱通過率(kW/m2k)、Aは伝熱面積(m2)、ΔTは冷媒と空気の温度差(K)、Grは冷媒の流量(Kg/h)、Δhは比エンタルピ差(kJ/kg)である。
冷媒漏洩が無いために冷凍サイクルの冷媒量が一定であり、且つ冷凍サイクルの内容積が一定であるとの仮定の下では、ある時点の過冷却量UCをその時点での伝熱量に関連するパラメータと現時点でのこれらパラメータとの変化量に基づいて補正することで、現時点での過冷却量UCを予測することができる。例えば、伝熱量に関連するパラメータとしては、圧縮機1の運転周波数、凝縮温度、蒸発温度、過熱度、外気温を用いることができる。
d2・ΔSHave+e2・ΔTo ave+UCsum …(II)
a2,b2,c2,d2,e2は定数であって、実験的、理論的、或いは経験的に定めることができる。ΔFsum、ΔTg ave、ΔTu ave、ΔSHaveは、式(I)と同様のパラメータである。
ΔTo aveは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの温度センサ17の検知温度Toの平均値To aveの変化量である。UCsumは、各凝縮器の運転初期における合計過冷却量である。冷房運転時において、UCsumの算出元となる過冷却量UCは、稼働中の室外ユニットAの圧力センサ12の検知圧力Pdから換算される飽和凝縮温度Tgと、その室外ユニットAの温度センサ16の検知温度T1との差である。暖房運転時において、UCsumの算出元となる過冷却量UCは、例えば上記の平均値Tg aveと室内ユニットBの温度センサ34の検知温度T2との差である。
冷房運転時において、制御部40は、第1実施形態と同じく図5のフローチャートに沿って動作する。但し、ステップ107において検出されて内部メモリに記憶される運転初期(第2時点)の状態量(第2状態量)は、その時点におけるFsum、Tg ave、Tu ave、SHave、To ave、UCsumである。UCsumは、ステップ107の時点において稼働中の室外ユニットAの室外熱交換器3に関する過冷却量UCの合計値である。以降の説明においては、ステップ107において検出及び記憶されたFsum、Tg ave、Tu ave、SHave、To ave、を、それぞれFsum´、Tg ave´、Tu ave´、SHave´、To ave´と表記する。
なお、設定値Rsを更新する動作の流れは、図8のフローチャートと同様である。
いくつかの変形例について説明する。
冷凍サイクルの安定状態の判定に関しては、ステップ104,109に代えて図11,図12に示すステップ401,402を用いてもよい。図11のフローチャート(冷房運転時)のステップ401,402において、制御部40は、各室内膨張弁31それぞれの開度Qの所定時間当たりの変化量ΔQxの絶対値が、いずれも一定時間t4の間継続して設定値Qs2未満(|ΔQx|<Qs2)であったかを判定する。また、図12のフローチャート(暖房運転時)のステップ401,402において、制御部40は、各室外膨張弁4それぞれの開度Qの所定時間当たりの変化量ΔQxの絶対値が、いずれも一定時間t4の間継続して設定値Qs2未満(|ΔQx|<Qs2)であったかを判定する。上記所定時間は、変化量ΔQxの演算のために各室内膨張弁31或いは各室外膨張弁4の駆動パルス数をサンプリングする周期であって、例えばステップ401,402の実行周期とすることができる。設定値Qs2は、各室外膨張弁4或いは各室内膨張弁31の開度Qが安定しているとみなせる値であって、例えば駆動パルスの数として3~5パルス分の開度とすることができる。一定時間t4は、例えば5~10分の範囲内で定めることができる。
Claims (10)
- 圧縮機の吐出冷媒を凝縮器、複数の膨張弁、これら膨張弁にそれぞれ接続された複数の蒸発器に通して前記圧縮機に戻す冷凍サイクルと、
前記冷凍サイクルに冷媒漏洩が無いと仮定した場合の前記複数の膨張弁の第1時点における第1合計開度を、前記第1時点における前記冷凍サイクルの第1状態量と前記第1時点よりも過去の第2時点における前記冷凍サイクルの第2状態量との変化量に基づいて推定し、前記複数の膨張弁の前記第1時点における実際の合計開度である第2合計開度と前記第1合計開度との比較により前記冷凍サイクルの冷媒漏洩を検出する検出部と、
を備える冷凍サイクル装置。 - 暖房運転時に前記凝縮器として機能する室内熱交換器を有する室内ユニットを複数備え、
暖房運転時、前記検出部は、前記複数の室内ユニットの運転率が、前記運転率に関する設定値よりも高い状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 暖房運転時、前記複数の膨張弁の開度の各々が一定時間の間継続して安定し且つ最大開度未満の状態において、前記複数の室内ユニットの運転率に応じて前記設定値を更新する更新部をさらに備える、
請求項2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記検出部は、前記圧縮機の周波数が、前記周波数に関する設定値以上である状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 冷房運転時、前記検出部は、外気温が前記外気温に関する設定値以上の状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 圧縮機の吐出冷媒を凝縮器、膨張弁、蒸発器に通して前記圧縮機に戻す冷凍サイクルと、
前記冷凍サイクルに冷媒漏洩が無いと仮定した場合における前記凝縮器の第1時点での第1過冷却量を、前記第1時点における前記冷凍サイクルの第1状態量と前記第1時点よりも過去の第2時点における前記冷凍サイクルの第2状態量との変化量に基づいて推定し、前記凝縮器の前記第1時点における実際の過冷却量である第2過冷却量と前記第1過冷却量との比較により前記冷凍サイクルの冷媒漏洩を検出する検出部と、
を備える冷凍サイクル装置。 - 暖房運転時に前記凝縮器として機能する室内熱交換器を有する室内ユニットを複数備え、
暖房運転時、前記検出部は、前記複数の室内ユニットの運転率が、前記運転率に関する設定値よりも高い状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 暖房運転時、前記膨張弁の開度が一定時間の間継続して安定し且つ最大開度未満の状態において、前記複数の室内ユニットの運転率に応じて前記設定値を更新する更新部をさらに備える、
請求項7に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記検出部は、前記圧縮機の周波数が、前記周波数に関する設定値以上である状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 冷房運転時、前記検出部は、外気温が前記外気温に関する設定値以上の状態において、前記冷媒漏洩の検出を実行する、
請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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CN115031345A (zh) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-09 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 空调器及其冷媒泄露的检测方法、装置、控制设备、介质 |
WO2023223557A1 (ja) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空調システムの異常を検知するシステムおよび方法 |
GB2632078A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2025-01-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | System and method for detecting abnormality in air-conditioning system |
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JP2017026308A (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
JPWO2015125509A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
US20160356534A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
JP6310054B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 |
JP6440667B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
EP3115717A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP3115717A4 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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