WO2015025887A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015025887A1 WO2015025887A1 PCT/JP2014/071776 JP2014071776W WO2015025887A1 WO 2015025887 A1 WO2015025887 A1 WO 2015025887A1 JP 2014071776 W JP2014071776 W JP 2014071776W WO 2015025887 A1 WO2015025887 A1 WO 2015025887A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are widely put into practical use as batteries for small electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones because of their advantages such as high energy density, low self-discharge and excellent long-term reliability.
- a carbon material is generally used as a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) is used as a positive electrode active material, and a lithium ion secondary battery using these materials has been commercialized.
- negative electrode active material materials containing silicon (Si) as a constituent element have been developed as high-capacity materials instead of carbon materials.
- nickel-based and manganese-based materials are being developed from the viewpoint of cost and capacity.
- a lithium manganese composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure as a crystal structure has been studied.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material having silicon (Si) as a constituent element, and a 3d transition metal element (iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and coating) covering the negative electrode active material layer. And a coating layer containing an oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni). It is described that a cycle characteristic can be improved in the lithium ion secondary battery provided with this negative electrode.
- Patent Document 2 includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including a lithium transition metal oxide, a negative electrode active material including a silicon-containing particle, a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer including a binder, and an electrolyte,
- the negative electrode active material layer further includes transition metal silicon alloy particles made of an alloy containing Si and an element of the same type as the transition metal (Mn, Fe, or Ni) contained in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- Mn, Fe, or Ni transition metal silicon alloy particles made of an alloy containing Si and an element of the same type as the transition metal (Mn, Fe, or Ni) contained in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material including a lithium (Li) element and a tetravalent manganese (Mn) element and comprising a layered rock salt structure lithium manganese composite oxide, and SiOx (0.3 ⁇ X ⁇ 1). .6) a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material composed of a silicon oxide, an electrolyte containing a solvent or a liquid dispersion medium, an electrolyte, and a specific polycyclic hydrocarbon compound (biphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, etc.) as an additive; The lithium ion secondary battery characterized by including these is described. And it is described that this secondary battery suppresses the fall of the charge / discharge capacity after storage.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a material containing silicon as a constituent element as a negative electrode active material has a problem that side reactions are likely to occur during charge and discharge, and cycle deterioration is rapid.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, that is, to provide a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics and a negative electrode suitable for the secondary battery.
- a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si) as a constituent element is provided, and iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer.
- a lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- a method of manufacturing the above lithium ion secondary battery wherein at least the end voltage or the charging current is changed stepwise during the activation process by charging / discharging including initial charging.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery which includes a step of performing current charging to form a film containing Fe and Mn, which are metal elements derived from the positive electrode, on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer.
- a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery has a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si) as a constituent element, and iron (Fe) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer. ), Manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) as constituent elements. By forming this film, side reactions in the negative electrode active material can be suppressed, and the cycle characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery using this negative electrode can be improved.
- the lithium ion secondary battery by embodiment of this invention contains the positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, said negative electrode, and electrolyte.
- This positive electrode active material has the following formula (1): Li x M 1 y M 2 zs Fe s O 2- ⁇ (1) (Where, x, y, z, s, ⁇ are 1.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, 0.06 ⁇ s.
- M 1 is at least one metal element selected from Mn, Ti, and Zr and contains Mn
- M 2 is Co, Ni, Mn It is preferable to include a lithium iron-manganese composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure, which is at least one metal element selected from
- the coating performs constant current charging (further constant voltage charging depending on the case) in stages, or constant current charging by changing charging current in stages. It is preferable that the film is formed by performing Fe and Mn, which are metal elements derived from the positive electrode.
- a method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method of manufacturing the above lithium ion secondary battery, wherein the end voltage is changed stepwise during an activation process by charging and discharging including initial charging. Then, constant current charging (further constant voltage charging in some cases) is performed, or constant current charging is performed by changing the charging current stepwise, and a coating containing Fe and Mn, which are metal elements derived from the positive electrode, is applied to the negative electrode active material. Forming on the surface of the particles of the substance.
- stepwise charging By performing such stepwise charging during the activation process, it is possible to form a film that is more effective for improving cycle characteristics.
- the metal element such as Fe and Mn constituting the positive electrode active material is dissolved in the electrolyte, and the dense coating containing the dissolved metal component on the negative electrode active material particles on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer Is thought to be formed.
- An anode for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si) as a constituent element, a negative electrode active material layer containing a binder, and an iron formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer. And a film containing manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) as constituent elements.
- the ratio of Fe (Si / Si) of the coating to Si of the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.001% by mass to 1.0% by mass, and is 0.002% by mass to 0.5% by mass. % Or less is more preferable. Further, the ratio (Mn / Si) of Mn of the coating film to Si of the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.01% by mass to 5.0% by mass, and 0.02% by mass or more and 3. More preferably, it is in the range of 0% by mass or less.
- This coating preferably further contains nickel (Ni) as a constituent element.
- the ratio of Ni (Ni / Si) of this coating to Si of the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.01% by mass to 5.0% by mass, and is 0.02% by mass to 3.0% by mass. % Or less is more preferable.
- the ratio of these metal components is within such a range, a higher film forming effect (an effect of improving cycle characteristics) can be obtained.
- the ratio of the metal component is preferably in the above range.
- This coating is a metal element derived from the positive electrode formed by performing constant current charging (in some cases, further constant voltage charging) by gradually increasing the end voltage during the activation process by charging / discharging including initial charging.
- a film containing Fe, Mn) is preferable.
- this coating is derived from the positive electrode formed by performing constant current charging by lowering the charging current step by step, making the end voltage constant during the charging process during the activation process by charging and discharging including the first charging. It is preferable that the film contains a metal element (particularly Fe, Mn).
- this coating may further contain cobalt (Co) as a constituent element.
- the thickness of this film is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 2000 nm, and preferably in the range of 20 nm to 1000 nm, from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient film forming effect. If the film is too thin, sufficient effects cannot be obtained, and if it is too thick, battery characteristics such as discharge capacity may be deteriorated.
- This film can be formed at the time of activation treatment by charging / discharging including initial charging.
- the positive electrode is activated, and metal components (especially Fe, Mn) eluted from the positive electrode in response to charging are incorporated into the coating on the negative electrode, which is more effective for improving cycle characteristics. It is considered that a dense film is formed.
- the negative electrode active material included in the negative electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention includes particles of a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si) as a constituent element (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “silicon-containing particles”).
- Examples of the material of the silicon-containing particles include silicon and silicon compounds.
- Examples of the silicon compound include silicon oxide, silicate, a compound of transition metal such as nickel silicide and cobalt silicide and silicon, and the like.
- the silicon compound has a role of relaxing expansion and contraction due to repeated charge / discharge of the negative electrode active material itself, and is preferably used from the viewpoint of charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- silicon oxide is preferably used as the silicon compound.
- the silicon oxide is not particularly limited, and for example, a silicon oxide represented by SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) can be used.
- the silicon oxide may contain Li.
- As the silicon oxide containing Li for example, a material represented by SiLi y O z (y> 0, 2>z> 0) can be used. Further, the silicon oxide may contain a trace amount of a metal element or a nonmetal element.
- the range of x (or z) in the formula representing silicon oxide is preferably 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5 (or 0.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.5). When x (or z) is 0.5 or more, the amount of the silicon phase (or Si particles) is prevented from being excessive, and the volume change is easily suppressed.
- the silicon oxide preferably has a structure in which a silicon phase (Si particles) is present in the silicon oxide phase.
- the silicon oxide can contain, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur. By containing a trace amount of a metal element or a nonmetal element, the electrical conductivity of the silicon oxide can be improved.
- the silicon oxide may have a crystal structure, but it is preferable that all or part of it has an amorphous structure.
- Silicon oxide having an amorphous structure has a great effect of suppressing volume expansion of silicon and carbon components, which are other negative electrode active material components. Further, it is considered that silicon oxide having an amorphous structure contributes relatively little to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects. It can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement (general XRD measurement) that all or part of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure. Specifically, when silicon oxide does not have an amorphous structure, a peak peculiar to silicon oxide is observed, but when all or part of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure, silicon oxide is observed. A unique peak is observed as a broad peak.
- silicon is dispersed in the silicon oxide.
- Silicon can be dispersed in the amorphous silicon oxide.
- the content of Si particles in the silicon oxide is preferably in the range of 35 to 65% by mass.
- volume expansion of the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed.
- all or part of silicon is dispersed in the silicon oxide because transmission electron microscope observation (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement (general EDX measurement). It can confirm by using together. Specifically, the cross section of a sample containing silicon is observed, the oxygen concentration of particles dispersed in silicon oxide is measured, and it is confirmed that the silicon constituting the particles is not an oxide. be able to.
- the content of silicon oxide in the negative electrode active material is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, further preferably 45% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of improving the charge / discharge cycle life. From the viewpoint of current collection and the like, 90% by mass or less is preferable, 80% by mass or less is more preferable, and 70% by mass or less is more preferable.
- the content of silicon in the negative electrode active material is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, still more preferably 20% by mass or more from the viewpoint of charge / discharge capacity, and the charge / discharge cycle life and the like. From this point, 90 mass% or less is preferable, 80 mass% or less is more preferable, and it is further more preferable to set it as 50 mass% or less.
- the mass ratio (a / b) of silicon (a) and silicon oxide (b) in the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is preferably set in the range of 5/95 to 90/10. More preferably, it is set within the range of / 90 to 80/20, and can be set within the range of 30/70 to 60/40.
- the silicon-containing particles preferably contain a carbon component capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions in addition to silicon or silicon oxide.
- the carbon component can also be contained in a composite state with silicon or silicon oxide.
- the carbon component has a role of relieving expansion and contraction due to repeated charging and discharging of the negative electrode active material itself and ensuring conduction between silicon as the negative electrode active material. Therefore, better cycle characteristics can be obtained by the coexistence of silicon, silicon oxide, and carbon components.
- carbon component material graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof can be used.
- graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesion to a current collector made of a metal such as copper and voltage flatness.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- the content of the carbon component in the negative electrode active material is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving conductivity, charge / discharge cycle life, etc., and sufficiently securing the charge / discharge capacity. From the viewpoint of, for example, 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the silicon-containing particles as the negative electrode active material in the present embodiment are preferably composed of a composite containing silicon, silicon oxide and a carbon component (hereinafter also referred to as Si / SiO / C composite).
- Si / SiO / C composite a composite containing silicon, silicon oxide and a carbon component
- the Si / SiO / C composite can take, for example, a form in which silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide and the surface of particles made of silicon oxide and silicon is covered with a carbon component.
- Si / SiO / C composite for example, all or part of the silicon oxide has an amorphous structure, and silicon can take a form in which all or part of the silicon oxide is dispersed in the silicon oxide.
- a Si / SiO / C composite can be produced, for example, by a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-47404. Specifically, silicon oxide can be disproportionated at 900 to 1400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas and a thermal CVD process can be performed. As a result, silicon in silicon oxide is nanoclustered to form composite particles, and the surface of the composite particles is covered with a carbon component.
- the ratio of silicon, silicon oxide, and carbon component is not particularly limited.
- Silicon is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the silicon oxide is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the carbon component is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the Si / SiO / C composite can be composed of a mixture of silicon, silicon oxide, and carbon component, for example, by mixing silicon particles, silicon oxide particles, and carbon component particles by mechanical milling or the like. Can be produced.
- the Si / SiO / C composite By making the Si / SiO / C composite into an aggregate of particles, the restraining force between different kinds of material particles can be maintained moderately, so that residual stress and residual strain caused by the difference in volume change associated with charge / discharge can be reduced. Occurrence can be suppressed.
- the average particle diameter of silicon can be configured to be smaller than the average particle diameter of carbon components and the average particle diameter of silicon oxide.
- silicon having a large volume change during charging and discharging has a relatively small particle size
- carbon components and silicon oxide having a small volume change have a relatively large particle size. More effectively suppressed.
- lithium particles are alternately occluded and released by particles having a large particle size and particles having a small particle size, whereby the generation of residual stress and residual strain can be more effectively suppressed.
- the average particle diameter of silicon can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and can also be 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of silicon oxide is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon component, and the average particle diameter of silicon is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of silicon oxide. . Furthermore, it is more preferable that the average particle diameter of silicon oxide is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon component, and the average particle diameter of silicon is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of silicon oxide.
- the average particle diameter is a 50% cumulative diameter D 50 (median diameter) obtained by particle size distribution measurement (volume basis) by a laser diffraction scattering method.
- the Si / SiO / C composite A can contain composite particles B containing silicon and silicon oxide and a carbon component.
- the composite particle B and the Si / SiO / C composite A containing the carbon component can be obtained by mechanical milling the composite particle B and the carbon component particle, or obtained by coating the composite particle with the carbon component. be able to.
- the composite particle B may be coated with a carbon component by mixing and firing the organic compound and the composite particle B, or by introducing the composite particle B into a gas atmosphere of an organic compound such as methane to form a thermal CVD (thermal chemical vapor deposition). ).
- the composite particles B can be obtained, for example, by sintering silicon and silicon oxide under high temperature and reduced pressure. It can also be obtained by mechanical milling silicon and silicon oxide.
- the composite particles B can take a form in which all or part of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure and all or part of silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide.
- the surface of the above Si / SiO / C composite may be treated with a silane coupling agent.
- silicon compound for example, there are a method of mixing and melting silicon and metal, and a method of coating the surface of silicon by vapor deposition or the like.
- the negative electrode active material included in the negative electrode according to the present embodiment may include a negative electrode active material other than the above-described silicon-containing particles.
- the content of silicon-containing particles in the whole negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 50% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material as a whole is preferably 0.2 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 1.0 m 2 / g or more, and 2.0 m 2 / g or more. more preferably, and is preferably 9.0 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 8.0 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 7.0 m 2 / g or less.
- the average particle size of the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and can be set to 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter and specific surface area of the negative electrode active material are preferably set in such ranges.
- the average particle diameter is a 50% cumulative diameter D 50 (median diameter) obtained by particle size distribution measurement by a laser diffraction scattering method.
- the negative electrode can be produced, for example, by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a binder on a negative electrode current collector.
- This negative electrode active material layer can be formed by a general slurry coating method.
- a negative electrode can be obtained by preparing a slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, applying the slurry onto a negative electrode current collector, drying, and pressing as necessary.
- Examples of the method for applying the negative electrode slurry include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, and a dip coating method.
- a negative electrode can be obtained by forming a thin film of copper, nickel, or an alloy thereof as a current collector by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the negative electrode active material layer may contain a conductive aid such as carbon from the viewpoint of improving conductivity.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene.
- the slurry solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or water can be used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol can be used as a thickener.
- polyimide it is preferable to fire the electrode in an inert atmosphere in order to imidize and increase the binding force.
- the heat treatment temperature can be set in the range of 300 to 500 ° C., and preferably in the range of 350 to 400 ° C.
- the content of the binder for the negative electrode is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the negative electrode active material from the viewpoint of the binding force and energy density which are in a trade-off relationship.
- the range of 5 to 25% by mass is more preferable, and the range of 1 to 20% by mass is more preferable.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer (thickness per layer not including the current collector) can be set in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but copper, nickel, stainless steel, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and an alloy containing two or more of these are preferable from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability.
- Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but can be set, for example, in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- Positive electrode active material and positive electrode for the positive electrode, for example, a slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent (and a conductive auxiliary agent if necessary) is prepared, applied to the positive electrode current collector, dried, and pressurized as necessary. Thus, a positive electrode active material layer can be formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- lithium complex oxide lithium iron phosphate, etc.
- the lithium composite oxide include lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ); lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ); lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ); and at least part of the manganese, cobalt, and nickel portions of these lithium compounds.
- Substituted with other metal elements such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zinc, zirconium; nickel-substituted lithium manganate in which a part of manganese in lithium manganate is substituted with at least nickel; a part of nickel in lithium nickelate is at least cobalt Cobalt-substituted lithium nickelate substituted with nickel; a part of manganese of nickel-substituted lithium manganate substituted with another metal (for example, at least one of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zinc); nickel of cobalt-substituted lithium nickelate
- Some other metal elements e.g. aluminum, magnesium, titanium, at least one zinc
- These lithium composite oxides may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- the positive electrode active material used in the lithium ion secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a lithium iron manganese based composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure represented by the above formula (1).
- a lithium iron manganese based composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure represented by the above formula (1).
- x preferably satisfies 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32. It is preferable that s satisfies 0.16 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.45. ⁇ preferably satisfies 0.02 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.50.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a lithium iron manganese based composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure as a positive electrode active material is preferably subjected to an activation treatment before its use. For example, after charging to a predetermined voltage (for example, 4.5 V) at a constant current (20 mA / g: current value per positive electrode active material), then at a constant current (20 mA / g: current value per positive electrode active material) Discharge until a predetermined voltage (1.5 V) is reached. This charging / discharging is preferably repeated a plurality of times (for example, twice). Thereafter, the outer package of the battery may be opened, the inside may be decompressed, degassed, and resealed.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 4.5 V
- the positive electrode active material can be activated.
- lithium ions released from the positive electrode active material in this activation treatment are occluded in the negative electrode active material containing Si as a constituent element, and the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode active material can be reduced.
- staged charging a good film is formed on the negative electrode by performing charging (hereinafter referred to as “staged charging”) by changing the end voltage or the charging current stepwise during the charge / discharge treatment including the first charge.
- staged charging by changing the end voltage or the charging current stepwise during the charge / discharge treatment including the first charge.
- the first method is a method in which the current at the time of charging is constant between the charging steps, and the charging end voltage is increased stepwise. That is, constant current charging at a predetermined current value to a predetermined end voltage (in some cases, constant voltage charging at the end voltage), then discharging, and then at the time of previous charge to a higher end voltage than the previous end voltage.
- constant current charging is performed at the same current value (in some cases, constant voltage charging is further performed at the end voltage), and then discharging is performed.
- the increase value of the end voltage in one stage can be set in the range of 0.05 to 0.5V, and is preferably set in the range of 0.08 to 0.2V.
- the second method is a method of changing the current value during charging from a high value to a low value step by step with a constant charge end voltage between charging steps. That is, constant current charging to a predetermined end voltage at a predetermined current value, then discharging, then constant current charging to the same end voltage as the previous charging at a current value lower than the current value at the previous charging, and then It is a method of discharging and repeating this.
- the decrease value of the charging current in one stage can be set in the range of 10 to 60% of the initial charging rate, and is preferably set in the range of 20 to 50%. For example, if the initial charge rate is 0.5 C, the next charge rate is preferably set to 0.05 to 0.3 C, and more preferably set to 0.1 to 0.25 C.
- the number of charging steps is preferably two or more, more preferably three or more. As the number of steps increases, a more excellent effect can be obtained. However, if the number of steps is too large, the activation process becomes complicated and takes a long time, so 10 steps or less are preferable, and 8 steps or less are more preferable.
- the ratio of the lithium iron manganese based composite oxide represented by the above formula (1) in the positive electrode active material used in the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment is 80% by mass or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient content effect. It is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and may be 100% by mass.
- the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material for example, a positive electrode active material having an average particle diameter in the range of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m can be used from the viewpoint of reactivity with the electrolytic solution, rate characteristics, and the like.
- a positive electrode active material having a particle diameter in the range of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 25 ⁇ m can be used.
- the average particle diameter means the particle diameter (median diameter: D 50 ) at an integrated value of 50% in the particle size distribution (volume basis) by the laser diffraction scattering method.
- the binder for the positive electrode is not particularly limited, but the same binder as that for the negative electrode can be used. Among these, polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the content of the binder for the positive electrode is preferably in the range of 1 to 25% by mass, preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by mass with respect to the positive electrode active material, from the viewpoint of the binding force and energy density which are in a trade-off relationship. The range of 2 to 10% by mass is more preferable.
- binders other than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene,
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber polytetrafluoroethylene
- polypropylene examples include polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, and acrylic resin.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer can be set in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability, for example, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, stainless steel (SUS), other valve metals, or alloys thereof are used. Can be used. Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh. In particular, an aluminum foil can be suitably used.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but can be set, for example, in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ m.
- a conductive additive may be added for the purpose of reducing the impedance.
- the conductive assistant include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black, metal particles such as aluminum, and conductive oxide particles.
- the addition amount of the conductive assistant can be set in the range of 1 to 20% by mass with respect to the positive electrode active material, and is preferably in the range of 2 to 10% by mass.
- the lithium ion secondary battery by embodiment of this invention is equipped with the positive electrode containing the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, the above-mentioned negative electrode, and electrolyte.
- a positive electrode is formed by forming a positive electrode active material layer 1 containing a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector 1A.
- the negative electrode is comprised by forming the negative electrode active material layer 2 on the negative electrode collector 2A.
- These positive electrode and negative electrode are disposed so as to face each other through the separator 3 while being immersed in an electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode is connected to the positive electrode tab 1B, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode tab 2B.
- the power generation element including these positive electrode and negative electrode is accommodated in the exterior body 4, and the positive electrode tab 1B and the negative electrode tab 2B are exposed to the outside.
- lithium ion secondary battery when a voltage is applied to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, lithium ions are desorbed from the positive electrode active material, and lithium ions are occluded in the negative electrode active material, so that charging occurs.
- lithium ions are released from the negative electrode active material contrary to the time of charging, and lithium ions are occluded in the positive electrode active material. Occur.
- a solution in which a lithium salt as a supporting salt is dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC) ), Chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC); aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate; ⁇ -butyrolactone, etc.
- ⁇ -lactones chain ethers such as 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) and ethoxymethoxyethane (EME); and cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- DEE 1,2-diethoxyethane
- EME ethoxymethoxyethane
- cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- non-aqueous solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, dioxolane derivatives, formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, sulfolane, methylsulfolane 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, anisole, N-methylpyrrolidone, fluorinated carboxylate
- An aprotic organic solvent such as can be used. These may use 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Among these, a mixed solution of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates can be suitably used as the solvent from the viewpoint of stability at high voltage and the vis
- lithium salt dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent is not particularly limited, for example LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , lithium bisoxalatoborate, etc. Is mentioned. These may use 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- the concentration of the lithium salt as the supporting salt in the electrolytic solution can be set, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 2 mol / L, and preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.8 mol / L. Sufficient electric conductivity can be obtained when the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5 mol / L or more. Moreover, when the density
- a polymer electrolyte obtained by adding a polymer or the like to the solvent of the electrolytic solution and solidifying the electrolytic solution into a gel may be used.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged to face each other with no electrical contact through the separator.
- a porous film, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene (PP), a fluororesin such as polyvinylidene fluoride, a resin such as polyimide or polyamide can be used.
- the electrode pair (power generation element) in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other with a separator interposed therebetween can be stored in the exterior as it is in a laminated form or wound into a cylindrical shape.
- a battery can, a laminate film that is a laminate of a synthetic resin and a metal foil, or the like can be used.
- the laminate film includes a resin base material, a metal foil layer, and a heat seal layer (sealant).
- the resin base material include polyester and nylon
- examples of the metal foil layer include aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and a titanium foil.
- examples of the material for the heat welding layer include thermoplastic polymer materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
- the resin base material layer and the metal foil layer are not limited to one layer, and may be two or more layers. From the viewpoint of versatility and cost, an aluminum laminate film is preferable.
- the positive electrode tab is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode tab is connected to the negative electrode, and these electrode tabs are arranged so as to be exposed to the outside of the outer package.
- the secondary battery can be manufactured by sealing the exterior body while leaving a part, injecting an electrolyte from the part, and sealing the exterior body.
- the shape of the power generation element in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween is not particularly limited, and may be a wound type, a laminated type, or the like.
- Examples of the shape or form of the secondary battery include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin shape, a button shape, and a laminate shape.
- the activation process by the above-described stepwise charging can be performed on the secondary battery manufactured as described above.
- Example 1 (Preparation of positive electrode)
- a lithium iron manganese composite oxide having a layered rock salt structure represented by Li 1.23 Mn 0.48 Ni 0.15 Fe 0.16 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material.
- This positive electrode active material, a conductive additive (carbon material), a binder (PVdF), and a solvent (NMP) were mixed to prepare a slurry.
- This slurry was applied to an aluminum foil, dried and rolled, and then cut into a 12 mm ⁇ disk to form a positive electrode. At this time, the thickness of the coating film was 150 ⁇ m.
- SiO was used as the negative electrode active material.
- This negative electrode active material, a conductive additive (carbon material), a binder (polyimide), and a solvent (NMP) were mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the slurry was applied to a copper foil, dried, fired at 350 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cut into a 13 mm ⁇ disk shape to form a negative electrode. At this time, the thickness of the coating film (negative electrode active material layer) was 35 ⁇ m.
- the charging / discharging of this coin cell was performed in a temperature environment of 45 ° C. First, the battery was charged at 1.3 mA to 4.5 V for activation, and then discharged to 1.3 V at 1.3 mA. Then, charging / discharging which charged to 1.3V at 1.3mA and discharged to 1.5V at 1.3mA was made into 1 cycle, and this was performed 20 cycles.
- Example 2 A coin-type cell was produced and charged / discharged in the same manner as in Example 1 except that charging / discharging for activation was performed as follows.
- Example 1 A coin cell was prepared and charged / discharged in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an oxide represented by Li 1.27 Mn 0.55 Ni 0.18 O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material.
- Capacity retention rate (%) (20th cycle discharge capacity / 1st cycle discharge capacity) ⁇ 100
- the coating film (negative electrode active material layer) of the negative electrode was dissolved with an acid, and the mass ratio of Fe, Mn, and Ni to Si was determined by ICP (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma) emission spectroscopic analysis. The results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the profile of Fe (2p) in the depth direction by XPS in the negative electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 shows the profile of Mn (2p) in the depth direction by XPS in the negative electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a profile of Ni (2p) in the depth direction by XPS in the negative electrode of Example 1.
- the vertical axis on the right side of these figures indicates the distance from the surface (SiO 2 conversion depth / nm), and 0 indicates the outermost surface.
- the horizontal axis represents binding energy (unit: eV), and the left vertical axis represents c / s (unit: count / second).
- Example 1 in addition to Mn and Ni, Fe elutes from the positive electrode and is taken into the coating on the negative electrode surface, and a coating containing Fe, Mn and O (derived from the positive electrode) It is considered that the cycle characteristics were improved as a result of the formation of a film containing a metal oxide. Moreover, it turns out that the film effective in cycling characteristics improvement was formed by performing stepwise charge in an activation process.
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Abstract
Description
LixM1 yM2 z-sFesO2-δ (1)
(式中、x、y、z、s、δは、1.05≦x≦1.32、0.33≦y≦0.63、0.06≦z≦0.50、0.06≦s≦0.50、z≧s、0≦δ≦0.80を満たし、M1はMn,Ti,Zrから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素であってMnを含み、M2はCo,Ni,Mnから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素である。)で示される、層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム鉄マンガン系複合酸化物を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の実施形態によるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極は、ケイ素(Si)を構成元素として含む負極活物質及びバインダーを含む負極活物質層と、前記負極活物質層の表面に形成された、鉄(Fe)、マンガン(Mn)及び酸素(O)を構成元素として含む被膜とを含む。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質、結着剤及び溶媒(さらに必要により導電助剤)を含むスラリーを調製し、これを正極集電体上に塗布し、乾燥し、必要に応じて加圧することにより、正極集電体上に正極活物質層を形成することにより作製できる。
本発明の実施形態によるリチウムイオン二次電池は、上述の正極活物質を含む正極と、前述の負極と、電解質を備える。
(正極の作製)
正極活物質として、Li1.23Mn0.48Ni0.15Fe0.16O2で示される層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム鉄マンガン系複合酸化物を用いた。この正極活物質と導電助剤(カーボン材料)とバインダー(PVdF)と溶媒(NMP)を混合してスラリーを調製した。正極活物質と導電助剤とバインダーの混合比率(質量比)は、活物質:導電助剤:バインダー=92:4:4とした。このスラリーをアルミ箔に塗布し、乾燥、圧延後、12mmφの円板状に切り出して正極とした。このとき塗膜の厚みは150μmであった。
負極活物質としてSiOを用いた。この負極活物質と導電助剤(カーボン材料)とバインダー(ポリイミド)と溶媒(NMP)を混合してスラリーを調製した。負極活物質と導電助剤とバインダーの混合比率(質量比)は、活物質:導電助剤:バインダー=80:5:15とした。このスラリーを銅箔に塗布、乾燥し、窒素雰囲気下で350℃で1時間焼成した後、13mmφの円板状に切り出して負極とした。このとき塗膜(負極活物質層)の厚みは35μmであった。
上記の正極と負極、ポリプロピレン製セパレータ、1MのLiPF6をECとDECの混合溶媒(容量比:EC/DEC=3/7)に溶解した電解液を用いてコインセルを作製した。
活性化のための充放電を次のように行った以外は、実施例1と同様にしてコイン型セルを作製し、充放電を行った。
正極活物質として、Li1.27Mn0.55Ni0.18O2で示される酸化物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてコインセルを作製し、充放電を行った。
実施例1、実施例2、比較例1のコインセルについて、それぞれ、1サイクル目および20サイクル目の放電容量を測定し、下記式より容量維持率を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1の1サイクル目終了後の負極の被膜組成を次のようにして分析した。
1A 正極集電体
1B 正極タブ
2 負極活物質層
2A 負極集電体
2B 負極タブ
3 セパレータ
4 外装体
Claims (13)
- ケイ素(Si)を構成元素として含む負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層を有し、
前記負極活物質層の表面に、鉄(Fe)、マンガン(Mn)及び酸素(O)を構成元素として含む被膜が形成されている、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極。 - 前記負極活物質層のSiに対する前記被膜のFeの比率(Fe/Si)が0.001質量%以上1.0質量%以下の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の負極。
- 前記負極活物質層のSiに対する前記被膜のMnの比率(Mn/Si)が0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下の範囲にある、請求項1又は2に記載の負極。
- 前記被膜は、さらに構成元素としてニッケル(Ni)を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の負極。
- 前記負極活物質層のSiに対する前記被膜のNiの比率(Ni/Si)が0.01質量%以上5.0質量%以下の範囲にある、請求項4に記載の負極。
- 前記負極活物質層の厚みが、1μm以上100μm以下の範囲にある、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の負極。
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の負極と、電解質とを含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記式(1):
LixM1 yM2 z-sFesO2-δ (1)
(式中、x、y、z、s、δは、1.05≦x≦1.32、0.33≦y≦0.63、0.06≦z≦0.50、0.06≦s≦0.50、z≧s、0≦δ≦0.80を満たし、M1はMn,Ti,Zrから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素であってMnを含み、M2はCo,Ni,Mnから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素である。)
で示される、層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム鉄マンガン系複合酸化物を含む、請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記被膜は、前記正極に由来する金属元素であるFe及びMnを含む被膜である、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記被膜は、初回充電を含む充放電による活性化処理時に、段階的に終止電圧または充電電流を変えて少なくとも定電流充電を行うことにより形成された、前記正極に由来する金属元素であるFe及びMnを含む被膜である、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記被膜は、初回充電を含む充放電による活性化処理時に、段階的に終止電圧を上げて少なくとも定電流充電を行うことにより形成された、前記正極に由来する金属元素であるFe及びMnを含む被膜である、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項7又は8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を製造する方法であって、
初回充電を含む充放電による活性化処理時に、段階的に終止電圧または充電電流を変えて少なくとも定電流充電を行って、前記正極に由来する金属元素であるFe及びMnを含む被膜を前記負極活物質層の表面に形成する工程を有する、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記活性化処理時に、段階的に終止電圧を上げて少なくとも定電流充電を行って、前記正極に由来する金属元素を含む被膜を前記負極活物質層の表面に形成する、請求項12に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
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JP2017027727A (ja) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
CN111684645A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 锂二次电池 |
CN111684645B (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2024-06-07 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 锂二次电池 |
JP2021048081A (ja) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-03-25 | Tdk株式会社 | 負極、リチウムイオン二次電池及びリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
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US20160190562A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
JP6508049B2 (ja) | 2019-05-08 |
JPWO2015025887A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
US10340514B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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