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WO2015022902A1 - Radiant cooling and heating device - Google Patents

Radiant cooling and heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015022902A1
WO2015022902A1 PCT/JP2014/070912 JP2014070912W WO2015022902A1 WO 2015022902 A1 WO2015022902 A1 WO 2015022902A1 JP 2014070912 W JP2014070912 W JP 2014070912W WO 2015022902 A1 WO2015022902 A1 WO 2015022902A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
far
cooling
heating
infrared
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/070912
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
知典 宮本
崇治 二枝
Original Assignee
石の癒株式会社
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Publication of WO2015022902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015022902A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
    • F24F1/26—Refrigerant piping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiant cooling and heating device.
  • a forced convection type in which indoor air is cooled or warmed in a heat exchanging unit of an indoor unit using a refrigerant circulated from the outdoor unit and blown into the room is generally used.
  • various types of radiant cooling and heating apparatuses that use a radiant panel and do not generate a fast air flow such as a forced convection type have been proposed and put into practical use.
  • a refrigerant is circulated through a pipe from an outdoor unit having a heat pump function to a heat exchanger placed outdoors near the outdoor unit, and cold / hot water converted from the refrigerant is sent from the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 4 shows one aspect of a conventional air conditioner
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 each show one aspect of a conventional radiant cooling and heating device
  • FIG. 6 is a ceiling type
  • FIG. 7 is a floor cooling and heating system
  • 4 to 7 6 is an outdoor unit
  • 7 is an indoor unit
  • 8 is a refrigerant pipe
  • 9 is a heat exchanger
  • 10 is a cooling / heating radiation panel
  • 11 is a cold / hot water pipe.
  • the refrigerant is circulated through the refrigerant pipe 8 between the outdoor unit 6 and the indoor unit 7.
  • the outdoor unit 6 and the heat exchanger 9 are arranged outdoors, and a refrigerant is circulated by a refrigerant pipe 8 between them, while the heat exchanger 9 and the cooling / heating panel are provided.
  • the hot and cold water is circulated by the cold and hot water pipe 11 between 10.
  • the present invention aims to provide a radiant cooling and heating device that solves the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present invention provides a heat exchanger for converting a refrigerant into cold / hot water near the indoor cooling / heating panel, and provides the following inventions.
  • An outdoor unit including a heat pump and an indoor unit including a heat exchanger and a cooling / heating radiation panel are provided, a pipe for circulating a refrigerant is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and the heat
  • a radiant cooling and heating apparatus comprising a pipe through which cold / hot water converted from a refrigerant in the heat exchanger is circulated between the exchanger and the cooling / heating radiation panel.
  • the radiant cooling / heating device has an indoor surface constituent member made of a material containing a far-infrared emitting material that radiates and absorbs far-infrared rays and has a far-infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, However, when the surface of the cooling / heating panel is cooled, the far-infrared emitting material on the surface of the indoor-surface component is made of the same material as the far-infrared emitting material.
  • the far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituent member absorbs the far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material on the heating surface (1) or (2) The radiant air conditioner.
  • the piping for cold and hot water can be shortened, so that the piping cost and construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, compared with the case where only a refrigerant is used as in an ordinary air conditioner, the specific heat is reduced. Since large cold / hot water is also used, the heat storage which is the merit of radiant cooling / heating can be maintained.
  • mode of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of this invention is shown.
  • mold) of this invention is shown.
  • mode of the radiant cooling / heating apparatus (floor cooling / heating) of this invention is shown.
  • 1 shows an aspect of a conventional air conditioner.
  • mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating apparatus is shown.
  • One mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating device (ceiling type) is shown.
  • One mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating device (floor cooling and heating) is shown.
  • the radiant cooling and heating apparatus in the present invention includes an outdoor unit including a heat pump, and an indoor unit including a heat exchanger and a cooling and heating radiant panel.
  • the cooling and heating radiation panel can be switched between cold radiation and heat radiation.
  • the outdoor unit has a heat pump function, and this heat pump function operates according to the same principle as that used in a normal air conditioner or the like.
  • Piping through which refrigerant is circulated is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and cold / hot water converted from the refrigerant by the heat exchanger is circulated between the heat exchanger and the cooling / heating radiation panel.
  • the refrigerant is not particularly limited, and chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) (alternative chlorofluorocarbons such as R-22) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) (alternative chlorofluorocarbons such as R-410A) are preferable.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment (schematic diagram) of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus (ceiling type) of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention.
  • An aspect of (floor cooling and heating) is shown.
  • 1 is an outdoor unit
  • 2 is a cooling / heating radiation panel
  • 3 is a heat exchanger
  • 4 is a refrigerant pipe
  • 5 is a cold / hot water pipe.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is provided above the cooling / heating radiation panel 2.
  • the heat exchanger 3 since the heat exchanger 3 is disposed indoors, the heat exchanger 3 is disposed at a position close to the cooling / heating radiant panel 2, but is optimally integrated with the cooling / heating radiant panel 2. Thus, since it arrange
  • the heat exchanger 3 is not limited to a room that is subject to cooling and heating as long as the refrigerant pipe 4 can be disposed at a position close to the cooling and heating radiation panel 2. In this case, it can be placed under the floor or in the wall.
  • the cooling / heating radiation panel is preferably provided with, for example, aluminum fins.
  • the fins When cold water is supplied from the heat exchanger, the fins are cooled, and the surface of the fins functions as a cooling surface for performing cold radiation. Further, when hot water is supplied from the heat exchanger, the fins are warmed, and the surface of the fins functions as a heating surface that emits heat. There, it can be operated by setting the water temperature.
  • the fin can be formed integrally with a support plate made of, for example, aluminum.
  • the piping through which the cold / hot water is circulated is preferably provided on the back surface of the support plate.
  • the fin has a thin plate shape and extends vertically.
  • the fins can also be made of other metal or alloy materials with good thermal conductivity, such as iron, copper, and alloys thereof.
  • the indoor surface configuration made of a material containing a far infrared radiation substance that radiates and absorbs far infrared rays and has an emissivity of far infrared rays of 0.6 or more. It has a member, and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is made of a material containing the same far infrared radiation material as the far infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituting member.
  • the far-infrared radiating material on the surface absorbs the far-infrared radiated by the far-infrared radiating material of the interior surface component and / or the surface of the cooling / heating radiating panel is heated.
  • the far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituent member absorbs far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material on the heating surface.
  • the indoor surface constituent member is made of a far-infrared emitting material, made of a material mixed with a far-infrared emitting material, or has a film made of a far-infrared emitting material.
  • the surface of the cooling / heating panel is also made of the same far-infrared emitting material as the far-infrared emitting material of the interior surface components, or is made of a material mixed with the far-infrared emitting material, or a film made of the far-infrared emitting material Consists of.
  • the term “interior surface constituent member” refers to a member that constitutes a surface exposed to a sealed space that is subject to environmental adjustment.
  • the sealed space can be provided with opening / closing means such as a door or a window that enables communication between the inside and the outside.
  • the sealed space is not particularly limited, but is usually a room or a corridor of a building where people live and act. Whether at least some of the indoor surface components are made of a far-infrared emitting material that emits or absorbs far-infrared rays necessary for adjusting the indoor environment in the present invention, or is it made of a material mixed with a far-infrared emitting material Or a film made of a far-infrared emitting material.
  • the far-infrared emitting substance mixed in the indoor surface constituent member is exposed to the indoor space. Nonetheless, the far-infrared emitting material in the indoor surface constituent member is not directly exposed to the indoor space, and does not significantly interfere with the far-infrared radiation and absorption of the far-infrared emitting material (for example, about 1 mm) It may be covered with a coating film, varnish layer, wallpaper or the like having the following thickness.
  • the far-infrared emitting material refers to a material that emits and absorbs far-infrared rays.
  • the far-infrared emitting material used in the present invention is a far-infrared emitting material having a far-infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. is there.
  • Such far-infrared emitting materials are usually so-called inorganic materials, such as natural and artificial minerals, metal and metalloid oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides, hydroxides, carbonates and other salts, In addition to these composites (double salt) and charcoal, natural materials such as shells are also included.
  • inorganic materials such as natural and artificial minerals, metal and metalloid oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides, hydroxides, carbonates and other salts, In addition to these composites (double salt) and charcoal, natural materials such as shells are also included.
  • most of the far-infrared emitting materials of the present invention are ceramic materials in a broad sense (referring to inorganic materials other than metals). However, even organic materials or substances derived from organic materials are used as long as the above emissivity conditions are satisfied. be able to.
  • the form of the far-infrared emitting material in the member containing the far-infrared emitting material is not particularly limited as long as the member containing the far-infrared emitting material can emit and absorb far-infrared rays. It can be in the form of a monolithic material (stone), a member containing particles of far-infrared radiation, powder, aggregate, etc. (these are also called particles), a member having a film of far-infrared radiation, etc. .
  • a stone material made of a far-infrared emitting material is a solid integrated material made of a natural or artificial inorganic material, and is usually used as a panel or tile-shaped building material. Examples of natural stone materials include granite and basalt. Needless to say, artificially produced stone may be used. Building materials such as artificial panels and other integral members can be considered stone.
  • the material mixed with the far-infrared emitting material means a material containing the far-infrared emitting material as a part of the constituent components.
  • the far-infrared emitting substance is typically mixed as a particle of a natural or artificial inorganic material in the manufacturing material or manufacturing material of the indoor surface constituent member.
  • a film made of a far-infrared emitting material means a film of a far-infrared emitting material formed on the surface of an indoor surface constituent member or a cooling and / or heating source.
  • This film can be formed by coating the target surface with a far-infrared radiation material by an appropriate film forming technique, for example, PVD technique such as spraying or vapor deposition, or CVD technique.
  • the far-infrared emitting material of the indoor surface constituent member and the far-infrared emitting material on the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel are the same.
  • the radiant cooling and heating apparatus according to the present invention uses a phenomenon in which heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species is performed with higher efficiency than in the case where the same molecular species is not between the same molecular species. Adjustment of the indoor environment is achieved by causing heat transfer to and from the panel surface through heat radiation with high efficiency. Therefore, in order for the radiant cooling / heating device of the present invention to perform its intended function, the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiant panel surface where heat transfer is performed between them are used for the same molecular species. The substance needs to be present.
  • the far-infrared emitting material of the indoor surface constituting member and the far-infrared emitting material of the cooling and / or heating source which are composed of the same molecular species, are referred to as the same material.
  • the same molecular species indicates the property of radiating and absorbing far infrared rays, and one substance (e.g., used in indoor surface constituent members) having far infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more.
  • Far infrared radiation material and other materials that exhibit the properties of emitting and absorbing far infrared radiation, and the far infrared emissivity is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more (used on the surface of a cooling / heating radiation panel) Far-infrared emitting material) is the same at the molecular level.
  • the molecule here means a group of atoms bonded by chemical bonds. Therefore, the molecule referred to here includes, for example, a crystal of a mineral constituting a natural stone material. The same mineral with substitution or solid solution of similar elements is regarded as a substance of the same molecular species.
  • the mineral cut out from the same place of origin is a collection of substantially the same composition of substances of substantially the same molecular species, and may be considered in the same way as a substance of the same molecular species as a whole.
  • inorganic material particles are used as the above-mentioned far-infrared radiation material on the interior surface component or the cooling / heating radiation panel surface, it is normal that substances other than inorganic material particles as the far-infrared radiation material coexist there. is there.
  • the indoor surface constituent member is formed of plaster containing inorganic material particles as a far-infrared emitting material, or when a paint containing inorganic material particles as a far-infrared emitting material is applied to the surface of a cooling / heating radiation panel,
  • the inorganic material particles as the infrared emitting substance coexist with the aggregate in the plaster or the binder component in the paint.
  • substances other than the inorganic material particles as the “far-infrared emitting substance” described above also have the property of emitting or absorbing far-infrared rays more or less.
  • the present invention uses a phenomenon in which heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species is performed with significantly higher efficiency than when the same molecular species is not between the same molecular species. Substances that are not commonly present on both sides of the radiating panel play a very small or negligible role in the present invention.
  • the far-infrared emitting material in the present invention it is common to both the interior surface component and the surface of the cooling and heating panel, and the same far infrared emissivity is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more.
  • a substance a substance that causes a resonance phenomenon of molecular vibrations between the same molecules via electromagnetic waves).
  • the particle size and shape of both particles may be the same or different.
  • the blending amount of the inorganic material particles contained in both the indoor surface component and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface need not be the same.
  • the particle size and shape of the far infrared radiation material particles on the wall surface and the ceiling surface are: It may be the same or different.
  • the inorganic material particles enable the desired heat transfer through thermal radiation between the same molecular species according to the present invention in the interior surface constituent members (for example, building materials forming the wall surface and the ceiling surface). It is blended by content. At this time, the amount of the inorganic material particles may be the same or different between the building material forming the wall surface and the building material forming the ceiling surface. These also apply to the inorganic material particles of the far-infrared emitting material on each of the two or more wall surfaces.
  • far-infrared emitting materials may be used on the interior surface components and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel.
  • the far-infrared radiation material is a stone material
  • two or more kinds of stone materials can be used in combination for the indoor surface constituent member or the cooling / heating radiation panel surface.
  • the far-infrared emitting material is inorganic material particles
  • a mixture of two or more inorganic material particles can be used. In both cases, if the combination of inorganic material particles on the interior surface component and the combination of inorganic material particles on the surface of the cooling / heating panel are the same (if the same combination is included), they are considered to be the same substance. It is.
  • the inorganic material particles as far-infrared radiation materials contained in the indoor surface constituent members and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel are present in them in an amount that enables the desired heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species.
  • the indoor surface component and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface are often manufactured by a different contractor outside the construction site and carried into the construction site or installed at the construction site. Therefore, it is considered that common inorganic material particles as far-infrared radiation materials are often mixed into the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface by respective manufacturers or contractors.
  • the content of the inorganic material particles as the far-infrared emitting material refers to the amount of the common inorganic material particles included in the respective manufacturing materials of the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface by each supplier.
  • the content of inorganic material particles in the interior surface constituting member and in the cooling / heating radiation panel surface forming material can be determined as an amount that makes the heat transfer through heat radiation effective according to the present invention.
  • the amount used is the amount of heat transfer required for the desired cooling and / or heating, the interior surface components available for heat transfer via heat radiation and the area of the cooling and / or heating surface. Depends on the thermal radiation characteristics of far-infrared radiation materials.
  • the inorganic material particles as the far-infrared radiation material are effective when they are present in the interior surface component material or the material forming the cooling / heating radiation panel surface in an amount of 1% by weight or more. An effect was recognized, and a more preferable effect was obtained when the content was 3% by weight or more.
  • the upper limit of the content depends on the maximum amount of inorganic material particles that can actually be included in the material forming the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface. There are no particular restrictions (theoretically, for example, it may be 90% by weight).
  • plural types of substances may be used as the inorganic material particles of the far-infrared emitting substance (multiple types of substances that are “identical at the molecular level” described above are used).
  • the same mixture of inorganic material particles can be used for the interior surface constituting member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface.
  • the content of the inorganic material particles in the material forming the indoor surface constituent member material and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is expressed by the total amount of the same kind of substances in the mixture.
  • far-infrared emitting materials are exposed to the indoor space where the environment is adjusted as much as possible.
  • a protective layer of about 1 mm or less (for example, a paint layer, a varnish layer, wallpaper, etc.).
  • the far-infrared emissivity of the far-infrared emitting material used in the present invention is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more.
  • Far-infrared radiation refers to electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of 3 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the emissivity of a material is defined by W / W 0 where W 0 is the ideal black body far-infrared radiation energy under the same conditions and W is the far-infrared radiation energy of the material.
  • the emissivity value is preferably at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) close to the actual use temperature of the system of the present invention.
  • the surfaces of the fins of the cooling / heating panel are coated by mixing a pulverized far-infrared emitting material and a binder, coating them in layers, and drying.
  • a coating layer having a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m formed of a white paint mixed with a pulverized material (stone powder) obtained by pulverizing granite, which has a far-infrared emissivity exceeding 0.9 is formed on the surface of the fin.
  • the particle size of the stone powder in the coating layer is 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the content of the stone powder in the coating layer is 20% by weight in the cured state (dry state) of the paint.
  • the piping for cold and hot water can be shortened, so that the piping cost and construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, compared with the case where only a refrigerant is used as in an ordinary air conditioner, the specific heat is reduced. Since large cold / hot water is also used, the heat storage which is the merit of radiant cooling / heating can be maintained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Air Filters, Heat-Exchange Apparatuses, And Housings Of Air-Conditioning Units (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a radiant cooling and heating device with which the costs of piping and the construction costs can be reduced, and which also uses hot and cold water with a large specific heat, as compared to the use of only a refrigerant as with a normal air conditioner, thus enabling the heat storage performance, which is an advantage in radiant heating and cooling, to be maintained. This radiant cooling and heating device is equipped with an outdoor unit containing a heat pump, and an indoor unit containing a heat exchanger and a heating/cooling radiant panel. Piping through which a refrigerant circulates is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and piping, through which hot and cold water that has been converted from the refrigerant by the heat exchanger circulates, is provided between the heat exchanger and the heating/cooling radiant panel.

Description

放射冷暖房装置Radiant air conditioning unit
　本発明は、放射冷暖房装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a radiant cooling and heating device.
　従来、冷暖房装置においては、室内空気を屋外機から循環される冷媒を用いて、屋内機の熱交換部で室内の空気を冷却または暖ためて、室内に吹き出す強制対流型が一般的である。これに対し、さらに快適な冷暖房を達成するために、放射パネルを用いて、強制対流型のような速い気流を発生させない、各種の放射冷暖房装置が提案され、実用化されている。そこでは、ヒートポンプ機能を備えた室外機から、屋外機の近くの屋外に置かれた熱交換器に配管を通して冷媒が循環して送り込まれ、その熱交換器からは、冷媒から変換された冷温水（冷水または温水）が室内に設けられた放射パネルに循環して送り込まれている（たとえば、特許文献１）。この状況は、放射パネルが、壁型、天井型、または床型においても同様である。熱交換器を屋外に設置するのは、騒音対策および結露防止等の観点からは、自然な発想である。 Conventionally, in an air conditioner, a forced convection type in which indoor air is cooled or warmed in a heat exchanging unit of an indoor unit using a refrigerant circulated from the outdoor unit and blown into the room is generally used. On the other hand, in order to achieve more comfortable cooling and heating, various types of radiant cooling and heating apparatuses that use a radiant panel and do not generate a fast air flow such as a forced convection type have been proposed and put into practical use. There, a refrigerant is circulated through a pipe from an outdoor unit having a heat pump function to a heat exchanger placed outdoors near the outdoor unit, and cold / hot water converted from the refrigerant is sent from the heat exchanger. (Cold water or hot water) is circulated and sent into a radiation panel provided in the room (for example, Patent Document 1). This situation is the same when the radiating panel is a wall type, a ceiling type, or a floor type. Installing the heat exchanger outdoors is a natural idea from the viewpoint of noise countermeasures and prevention of condensation.
　図４は、従来のエアコンの一態様を示し、図５～７は、それぞれ従来の放射冷暖房装置の一態様を示す（図６は天井型、図７は床冷暖房）。図４～７において、６は屋外機、７は屋内機、８は冷媒管、９は熱交換器、１０は冷暖放射パネル、１１は冷温水管を示す。図４において、屋外機６と屋内機７の間は冷媒管８により冷媒が循環されている。図５～７放射冷暖房装置においては、屋外機６と熱交換器９は屋外に配置され、両者の間には冷媒管８により冷媒が循環されており、一方、熱交換器９と冷暖放射パネル１０の間には冷温水管１１により冷温水が循環されている。 FIG. 4 shows one aspect of a conventional air conditioner, and FIGS. 5 to 7 each show one aspect of a conventional radiant cooling and heating device (FIG. 6 is a ceiling type, and FIG. 7 is a floor cooling and heating system). 4 to 7, 6 is an outdoor unit, 7 is an indoor unit, 8 is a refrigerant pipe, 9 is a heat exchanger, 10 is a cooling / heating radiation panel, and 11 is a cold / hot water pipe. In FIG. 4, the refrigerant is circulated through the refrigerant pipe 8 between the outdoor unit 6 and the indoor unit 7. 5-7, the outdoor unit 6 and the heat exchanger 9 are arranged outdoors, and a refrigerant is circulated by a refrigerant pipe 8 between them, while the heat exchanger 9 and the cooling / heating panel are provided. The hot and cold water is circulated by the cold and hot water pipe 11 between 10.
　しかしながら、本発明者の知見によれば、屋外からの冷温水用配管の長さが大きくなるため、溶接費用および保温費用等の配管費が増大する難点がある。 However, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, since the length of the pipe for cold / hot water from the outside becomes large, there is a drawback that the pipe cost such as the welding cost and the heat insulation cost increases.
特開２００５－２４１９７号公報JP 2005-24197 A
　本発明は、前記の難点を解決した放射冷暖房装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide a radiant cooling and heating device that solves the above-mentioned problems.
　本発明は上記の問題を解決するために、冷媒から冷温水に変換する熱交換器を室内の冷暖放射パネルの近くに設けるものであり、以下の発明を提供するものである。
（１）ヒートポンプを含む屋外機、ならびに熱交換器および冷暖放射パネルを含む屋内機を備え、前記屋外機と前記熱交換器との間には冷媒が循環される配管が設けられ、かつ前記熱交換器と冷暖放射パネルとの間には前記熱交換器で冷媒から変換された冷温水が循環される配管を設けてなる放射冷暖房装置。
（２）屋内機において、熱交換器が冷暖放射パネルの上方もしくは下方に、または水平方向に並んで配置された上記（１）に記載の放射冷暖房装置。
（３）放射冷暖房装置が、遠赤外線を放射・吸収し遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上である遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成された室内面構成部材を有し、冷暖放射パネル表面が、前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質と同一の遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成されてなり、冷暖放射パネル表面が冷却されると、その表面の前記遠赤外線放射物質が前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を吸収し、及び／又は、
冷暖放射パネル表面が加熱されると、その加熱面の前記遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質が吸収するように構成されてなる上記（１）または（２）に記載の放射冷暖房装置。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a heat exchanger for converting a refrigerant into cold / hot water near the indoor cooling / heating panel, and provides the following inventions.
(1) An outdoor unit including a heat pump and an indoor unit including a heat exchanger and a cooling / heating radiation panel are provided, a pipe for circulating a refrigerant is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and the heat A radiant cooling and heating apparatus comprising a pipe through which cold / hot water converted from a refrigerant in the heat exchanger is circulated between the exchanger and the cooling / heating radiation panel.
(2) In the indoor unit, the heat exchanger according to (1) above, wherein the heat exchanger is arranged above or below the cooling / heating radiation panel or arranged in a horizontal direction.
(3) The radiant cooling / heating device has an indoor surface constituent member made of a material containing a far-infrared emitting material that radiates and absorbs far-infrared rays and has a far-infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, However, when the surface of the cooling / heating panel is cooled, the far-infrared emitting material on the surface of the indoor-surface component is made of the same material as the far-infrared emitting material. Absorbs far-infrared rays emitted by the far-infrared emitting material of the surface component and / or
When the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is heated, the far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituent member absorbs the far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material on the heating surface (1) or (2) The radiant air conditioner.
　本発明の放射冷暖房装置によれば、冷温水用の配管を短くできるので、配管費、施工費を低減し得、さらには通常のエアコンのように冷媒のみを用いる場合に比して、比熱の大きい冷温水も用いるので、放射冷暖房のメリットである蓄熱性は維持し得る。 According to the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, the piping for cold and hot water can be shortened, so that the piping cost and construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, compared with the case where only a refrigerant is used as in an ordinary air conditioner, the specific heat is reduced. Since large cold / hot water is also used, the heat storage which is the merit of radiant cooling / heating can be maintained.
本発明の放射冷暖房装置の一態様を示す。The one aspect | mode of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of this invention is shown. 本発明の放射冷暖房装置（天井型）の一態様を示す。The one aspect | mode of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus (ceiling type | mold) of this invention is shown. 本発明の放射冷暖房装置（床冷暖房）の一態様を示す。The one aspect | mode of the radiant cooling / heating apparatus (floor cooling / heating) of this invention is shown. 従来のエアコンの一態様を示す。1 shows an aspect of a conventional air conditioner. 従来の放射冷暖房装置の一態様を示す。The one aspect | mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating apparatus is shown. 従来の放射冷暖房装置（天井型）の一態様を示す。One mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating device (ceiling type) is shown. 従来の放射冷暖房装置（床冷暖房）の一態様を示す。One mode of the conventional radiant cooling and heating device (floor cooling and heating) is shown.
　本発明における放射冷暖房装置は、ヒートポンプを含む屋外機、ならびに熱交換器および冷暖放射パネルを含む屋内機を備える。本発明の放射冷暖房装置においては、冷暖放射パネルから冷放射と熱放射を切り換えて行うことができる。屋外機はヒートポンプ機能を備え、このヒートポンプ機能は、通常のエアコン等に用いられているものと同じ原理により動作する。 The radiant cooling and heating apparatus in the present invention includes an outdoor unit including a heat pump, and an indoor unit including a heat exchanger and a cooling and heating radiant panel. In the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, the cooling and heating radiation panel can be switched between cold radiation and heat radiation. The outdoor unit has a heat pump function, and this heat pump function operates according to the same principle as that used in a normal air conditioner or the like.
　屋外機と熱交換器との間には冷媒が循環される配管が設けられ、かつ熱交換器と冷暖放射パネルとの間には熱交換器で冷媒から変換された冷温水が循環される配管を設けてなる。冷媒は、特に制限されないが、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン（HCFC）（R-22等の代替フロン）およびハイドロフルオロカーボン（HFC）（R-410A等の代替フロン）であるフロン類が好適である。 Piping through which refrigerant is circulated is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and cold / hot water converted from the refrigerant by the heat exchanger is circulated between the heat exchanger and the cooling / heating radiation panel. Is provided. The refrigerant is not particularly limited, and chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) (alternative chlorofluorocarbons such as R-22) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) (alternative chlorofluorocarbons such as R-410A) are preferable.
　熱交換器も特に制限されないが、冷暖放射パネルの上方もしくは下方に、または水平方向に並んで配置される。図１は、本発明の放射冷暖房装置の一態様（模式図）を示し、図２は、本発明の放射冷暖房装置（天井型）の一態様を示し、図３は、本発明の放射冷暖房装置（床冷暖房）の一態様を示す。図１～３において、１は屋外機、２は冷暖放射パネル、３は熱交換器、４は冷媒管、５は冷温水管を示す。図１においては、熱交換器３は冷暖放射パネル２の上部に設けられている。本発明においては、熱交換器３は、屋内に配置されるので、冷暖放射パネル２に近い位置に配置されることになるが、冷暖放射パネル２と一体型であるのが最適である。このように、冷暖放射パネル２に近い位置に配置されるため、冷温水の循環量を少なくできるので、発生する騒音も小さくなる。熱交換器３は、冷暖放射パネル２に近い位置に冷媒管４を配置できれば、冷暖房の対象となる室内に限定されず、たとえば天井型の場合には、屋根裏、壁の中に、さらに床冷暖房の場合には床下、壁の中、等に配置することもできる。 Although the heat exchanger is not particularly limited, it is arranged above or below the cooling / heating radiating panel or arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment (schematic diagram) of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the radiant cooling and heating apparatus (ceiling type) of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention. An aspect of (floor cooling and heating) is shown. 1-3, 1 is an outdoor unit, 2 is a cooling / heating radiation panel, 3 is a heat exchanger, 4 is a refrigerant pipe, and 5 is a cold / hot water pipe. In FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 3 is provided above the cooling / heating radiation panel 2. In the present invention, since the heat exchanger 3 is disposed indoors, the heat exchanger 3 is disposed at a position close to the cooling / heating radiant panel 2, but is optimally integrated with the cooling / heating radiant panel 2. Thus, since it arrange | positions in the position close | similar to the cooling / heating radiation panel 2, since the circulation amount of cold / hot water can be decreased, the generated noise also becomes small. The heat exchanger 3 is not limited to a room that is subject to cooling and heating as long as the refrigerant pipe 4 can be disposed at a position close to the cooling and heating radiation panel 2. In this case, it can be placed under the floor or in the wall.
　冷暖放射パネルには、たとえばアルミニウム製フィンが好適に設けられ、熱交換器から冷水が供給されると、フィンが冷やされ、フィンの表面は、冷放射を行う冷却面として機能する。また、熱交換器から温水が供給されると、フィンが温められ、このフィンの表面が熱放射を行う加熱面として機能する。そこでは、水温を設定することにより運転され得る。フィンは、たとえばアルミニウム製の支持板と一体的に形成され得る。冷温水が循環される配管は、上記支持板の裏面に設けられるのが好適である。フィンは、薄手の板状であり、上下に延在している。フィンは、熱伝導の良好な他の金属または合金材料、例えば鉄や銅、それらの合金など、で製作することもできる。 The cooling / heating radiation panel is preferably provided with, for example, aluminum fins. When cold water is supplied from the heat exchanger, the fins are cooled, and the surface of the fins functions as a cooling surface for performing cold radiation. Further, when hot water is supplied from the heat exchanger, the fins are warmed, and the surface of the fins functions as a heating surface that emits heat. There, it can be operated by setting the water temperature. The fin can be formed integrally with a support plate made of, for example, aluminum. The piping through which the cold / hot water is circulated is preferably provided on the back surface of the support plate. The fin has a thin plate shape and extends vertically. The fins can also be made of other metal or alloy materials with good thermal conductivity, such as iron, copper, and alloys thereof.
　本発明の床冷暖房以外の放射冷暖房装置の好適な態様においては、遠赤外線を放射・吸収し遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上である遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成された室内面構成部材を有し、冷暖放射パネル表面が、室内面構成部材の遠赤外線放射物質と同一の遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成されてなる。冷暖放射パネル表面が冷却されると、その表面の遠赤外線放射物質が室内面構成部材の遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を吸収し、及び／又は、冷暖放射パネル表面が加熱されると、その加熱面の遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質が吸収する。 In a preferred embodiment of the radiant cooling and heating device other than the floor cooling and heating according to the present invention, the indoor surface configuration made of a material containing a far infrared radiation substance that radiates and absorbs far infrared rays and has an emissivity of far infrared rays of 0.6 or more. It has a member, and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is made of a material containing the same far infrared radiation material as the far infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituting member. When the surface of the cooling / heating radiant panel is cooled, the far-infrared radiating material on the surface absorbs the far-infrared radiated by the far-infrared radiating material of the interior surface component and / or the surface of the cooling / heating radiating panel is heated. The far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface constituent member absorbs far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material on the heating surface.
　室内面構成部材は、遠赤外線放射物質で構成されるか、遠赤外線放射物質を混入した材料で構成されるか、又は遠赤外線放射物質からなる皮膜を有する。冷暖放射パネル表面も、室内面構成部材の遠赤外線放射物質と同一の遠赤外線放射物質で構成されるか、遠赤外線放射物質を混入した材料で構成されるか、又は遠赤外線放射物質からなる皮膜で構成される。 The indoor surface constituent member is made of a far-infrared emitting material, made of a material mixed with a far-infrared emitting material, or has a film made of a far-infrared emitting material. The surface of the cooling / heating panel is also made of the same far-infrared emitting material as the far-infrared emitting material of the interior surface components, or is made of a material mixed with the far-infrared emitting material, or a film made of the far-infrared emitting material Consists of.
　本発明において、室内面構成部材とは、環境調整の対象となる密閉空間に露出した面を構成している部材を指す。密閉空間は、その内部と外部との連絡を可能にするドアや窓などのような開閉手段を備えることができる。密閉空間は、特に制限されないが、通常は人間が生活・活動する建物の部屋や廊下などである。室内面構成部材の少なくとも一部は、本発明における室内環境の調整に必要な遠赤外線を放射・吸収する遠赤外線放射物質で構成されるか、遠赤外線放射物質を混入した材料で構成されるか、又は遠赤外線放射物質からなる皮膜を有する。遠赤外線の放射および吸収を効率よく行うため、室内面構成部材に混入される遠赤外線放射物質は、室内空間に露出していることが好ましい。とはいえ、室内面構成部材中の遠赤外線放射物質は、室内空間に直接露出されずに、遠赤外線放射物質の遠赤外線の放射・吸収を有意に妨げない程度の保護層（例えば、１ｍｍ程度以下の厚さの塗装膜、ニス層、壁紙等）などで覆われていてもよい。 In the present invention, the term “interior surface constituent member” refers to a member that constitutes a surface exposed to a sealed space that is subject to environmental adjustment. The sealed space can be provided with opening / closing means such as a door or a window that enables communication between the inside and the outside. The sealed space is not particularly limited, but is usually a room or a corridor of a building where people live and act. Whether at least some of the indoor surface components are made of a far-infrared emitting material that emits or absorbs far-infrared rays necessary for adjusting the indoor environment in the present invention, or is it made of a material mixed with a far-infrared emitting material Or a film made of a far-infrared emitting material. In order to efficiently emit and absorb far-infrared rays, it is preferable that the far-infrared emitting substance mixed in the indoor surface constituent member is exposed to the indoor space. Nonetheless, the far-infrared emitting material in the indoor surface constituent member is not directly exposed to the indoor space, and does not significantly interfere with the far-infrared radiation and absorption of the far-infrared emitting material (for example, about 1 mm) It may be covered with a coating film, varnish layer, wallpaper or the like having the following thickness.
　遠赤外線放射物質は遠赤外線を放射・吸収する物質をいうが、本発明で用いる遠赤外線放射物質は、遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上、好ましくは０．８以上の遠赤外線放射物質である。 The far-infrared emitting material refers to a material that emits and absorbs far-infrared rays. The far-infrared emitting material used in the present invention is a far-infrared emitting material having a far-infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. is there.
　このような遠赤外線放射物質は、通常、いわゆる無機材料であり、天然及び人工の鉱物、金属及び半金属の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、硫化物、水酸化物等、炭酸塩などの塩やそれらの複合物（複塩）、炭などのほか、貝殻などの天然素材なども含まれる。また、本発明の遠赤外線放射物質の殆どは広義のセラミックス材料（金属以外の無機材料をいう。）であるが、有機物や有機物由来の物質であっても上記放射率の条件を満たすならば用いることができる。 Such far-infrared emitting materials are usually so-called inorganic materials, such as natural and artificial minerals, metal and metalloid oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides, hydroxides, carbonates and other salts, In addition to these composites (double salt) and charcoal, natural materials such as shells are also included. In addition, most of the far-infrared emitting materials of the present invention are ceramic materials in a broad sense (referring to inorganic materials other than metals). However, even organic materials or substances derived from organic materials are used as long as the above emissivity conditions are satisfied. be able to.
　本発明において、遠赤外線放射物質を含む部材中における遠赤外線放射物質の形態は、遠赤外線放射物質を含む部材が遠赤外線を放射・吸収できれば格別に制約はなく、代表的には、遠赤外線放射物質からなる一体物（石材）、遠赤外線放射物質の粒子、粉末、骨材等（これらを粒子ともいう。）を含む部材、遠赤外線放射物質の皮膜を有する部材などの形態であることができる。本発明において、遠赤外線放射物質からなる石材とは、天然又は人工の無機材料からなる固体一体物のことであって、通常はパネルまたはタイル状の建材等として用いられる。天然の石材の例としては、花崗岩、玄武岩、などを挙げることができる。人工的に製造した石材でもよいことはいうまでもない。人造パネル等の建材やその他の一体物部材は、石材と考えることができる。 In the present invention, the form of the far-infrared emitting material in the member containing the far-infrared emitting material is not particularly limited as long as the member containing the far-infrared emitting material can emit and absorb far-infrared rays. It can be in the form of a monolithic material (stone), a member containing particles of far-infrared radiation, powder, aggregate, etc. (these are also called particles), a member having a film of far-infrared radiation, etc. . In the present invention, a stone material made of a far-infrared emitting material is a solid integrated material made of a natural or artificial inorganic material, and is usually used as a panel or tile-shaped building material. Examples of natural stone materials include granite and basalt. Needless to say, artificially produced stone may be used. Building materials such as artificial panels and other integral members can be considered stone.
　本発明において、遠赤外線放射物質を混入した材料とは、構成成分の一部として遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料をいう。この場合の遠赤外線放射物質は、典型的には天然又は人工の無機材料の粒子として、室内面構成部材の製造材料や製造材料中に混入される。 In the present invention, the material mixed with the far-infrared emitting material means a material containing the far-infrared emitting material as a part of the constituent components. In this case, the far-infrared emitting substance is typically mixed as a particle of a natural or artificial inorganic material in the manufacturing material or manufacturing material of the indoor surface constituent member.
　本発明において、遠赤外線放射物質からなる皮膜とは、室内面構成部材や冷却及び／又は加熱源の表面に形成した遠赤外線放射物質の皮膜をいう。この皮膜は、適当な皮膜形成技術、例えば熔射、蒸着などのＰＶＤ技術、あるいはＣＶＤ技術により、遠赤外線放射物質を対象表面にコーティングして形成することができる。 In the present invention, a film made of a far-infrared emitting material means a film of a far-infrared emitting material formed on the surface of an indoor surface constituent member or a cooling and / or heating source. This film can be formed by coating the target surface with a far-infrared radiation material by an appropriate film forming technique, for example, PVD technique such as spraying or vapor deposition, or CVD technique.
　本発明においては、室内面構成部材の遠赤外線放射物質と、冷暖放射パネル表面の遠赤外線放射物質とは、同一である。本発明における放射冷暖房装置は、同一分子種間における熱放射を介した熱移動が、同一分子種間でない場合に比較して高い効率で行われる現象を利用して、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面との間で熱放射を介し熱移動を高い効率で行わせることにより、室内環境の調整を実現するものである。よって、本発明の放射冷暖房装置が所期の機能を発揮するためには、それらの間で熱放射を介した熱移動が行われる室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面とに、同一分子種の物質が存在する必要がある。本発明では、同一分子種で構成されている、室内面構成部材の遠赤外線放射物質と冷却及び／又は加熱源の遠赤外線放射物質のことを、同一物質であると称する。ここで同一分子種とは、遠赤外線を放射・吸収する性質を示し、遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上、好ましくは０．８以上である一方の物質（例えば、室内面構成部材において使用する遠赤外線放射物質）と、遠赤外線を放射・吸収する性質を示し、遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上、好ましくは０．８以上であるもう一方の物質（冷暖放射パネル表面で使用する遠赤外線放射物質）とが、分子レベルで同一であることをいう。ここでの分子とは、化学結合により結合された原子の集団を意味する。したがって、ここでいう分子には、例えば天然石材を構成する鉱物の結晶なども含まれる。類似元素が置換あるいは固溶した同一鉱物は同一分子種の物質とみなされている。天然の鉱物の場合、複数の化合物で構成されるのが普通であり、しかも巨視的レベルでは鉱物中の部位によりそれらの化合物の結晶構造に違いが見られることもある。とは言え、この場合は、同じ原産地から切り出した鉱物は、実質的に同じ分子種の物質の実質的に同じ組成の集合体であり、全体として同一分子種の物質と同様に考えてよい。 In the present invention, the far-infrared emitting material of the indoor surface constituent member and the far-infrared emitting material on the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel are the same. The radiant cooling and heating apparatus according to the present invention uses a phenomenon in which heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species is performed with higher efficiency than in the case where the same molecular species is not between the same molecular species. Adjustment of the indoor environment is achieved by causing heat transfer to and from the panel surface through heat radiation with high efficiency. Therefore, in order for the radiant cooling / heating device of the present invention to perform its intended function, the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiant panel surface where heat transfer is performed between them are used for the same molecular species. The substance needs to be present. In the present invention, the far-infrared emitting material of the indoor surface constituting member and the far-infrared emitting material of the cooling and / or heating source, which are composed of the same molecular species, are referred to as the same material. Here, the same molecular species indicates the property of radiating and absorbing far infrared rays, and one substance (e.g., used in indoor surface constituent members) having far infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. Far infrared radiation material) and other materials that exhibit the properties of emitting and absorbing far infrared radiation, and the far infrared emissivity is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more (used on the surface of a cooling / heating radiation panel) Far-infrared emitting material) is the same at the molecular level. The molecule here means a group of atoms bonded by chemical bonds. Therefore, the molecule referred to here includes, for example, a crystal of a mineral constituting a natural stone material. The same mineral with substitution or solid solution of similar elements is regarded as a substance of the same molecular species. In the case of a natural mineral, it is usually composed of a plurality of compounds, and on the macroscopic level, the crystal structure of these compounds may be different depending on the site in the mineral. However, in this case, the mineral cut out from the same place of origin is a collection of substantially the same composition of substances of substantially the same molecular species, and may be considered in the same way as a substance of the same molecular species as a whole.
　室内面構成部材、あるいは冷暖放射パネル表面において、上述の遠赤外線放射物質として無機材料粒子を使用する場合、そこには、遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子以外の物質が共存するのが普通である。例えば、遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子を含む漆喰により室内面構成部材を形成した場合や、遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子を含む塗料を冷暖放射パネル表面に塗布した場合、上述の遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子は、漆喰中の骨材あるいは塗料中のバインダー成分などと共存する。このような場合、上述の「遠赤外線放射物質」としての無機材料粒子以外の物質も、遠赤外線を多かれ少なかれ放射・吸収する性質を持つ。しかし、本発明では、同一分子種間における熱放射を介した熱移動が同一分子種間でない場合に比較して顕著に高い効率で行われる現象を利用しているので、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面の両者に共通に存在しない物質が本発明において果たす役割は、きわめて少ないか、または無視できる程度である。したがって、本発明において遠赤外線放射物質に言及する場合、それは室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面の両者に共通に存在する、遠赤外線放射率０．６以上、好ましくは０．８以上の同一の物質（電磁波を介した同一分子間における分子振動の共鳴現象を引き起こす物質）を指す。 When inorganic material particles are used as the above-mentioned far-infrared radiation material on the interior surface component or the cooling / heating radiation panel surface, it is normal that substances other than inorganic material particles as the far-infrared radiation material coexist there. is there. For example, when the indoor surface constituent member is formed of plaster containing inorganic material particles as a far-infrared emitting material, or when a paint containing inorganic material particles as a far-infrared emitting material is applied to the surface of a cooling / heating radiation panel, The inorganic material particles as the infrared emitting substance coexist with the aggregate in the plaster or the binder component in the paint. In such a case, substances other than the inorganic material particles as the “far-infrared emitting substance” described above also have the property of emitting or absorbing far-infrared rays more or less. However, the present invention uses a phenomenon in which heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species is performed with significantly higher efficiency than when the same molecular species is not between the same molecular species. Substances that are not commonly present on both sides of the radiating panel play a very small or negligible role in the present invention. Therefore, when referring to the far-infrared emitting material in the present invention, it is common to both the interior surface component and the surface of the cooling and heating panel, and the same far infrared emissivity is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. A substance (a substance that causes a resonance phenomenon of molecular vibrations between the same molecules via electromagnetic waves).
　室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面とで遠赤外線放射物質としてともに無機材料粒子を使用する場合には、双方の粒子の粒径や形状は同一でも異なっていてもよい。室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面の双方に含まれる無機材料粒子の配合量も、同じである必要はない。また、例えば、室内面構成部材が壁面と天井面を形成していて、遠赤外線放射物質として無機材料粒子を使用する場合、壁面と天井面の遠赤外線放射物質の粒子の粒径や形状は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。この場合、無機材料粒子は、室内面構成部材（たとえば、壁面及び天井面を形成する建材）中に、本発明による同一分子種間での熱放射を介した所期の熱移動を可能にする含有量で配合される。このとき、壁面を形成する建材と天井面を形成する建材とで、無機材料粒子の配合量は同一でも異なっていてもよい。これらは、２以上の壁面のそれぞれにおける遠赤外線放射物質の無機材料粒子についてもいえる。 When the inorganic material particles are used as the far-infrared radiation material on the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface, the particle size and shape of both particles may be the same or different. The blending amount of the inorganic material particles contained in both the indoor surface component and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface need not be the same. Further, for example, when the indoor surface constituent member forms a wall surface and a ceiling surface, and the inorganic material particles are used as the far infrared radiation material, the particle size and shape of the far infrared radiation material particles on the wall surface and the ceiling surface are: It may be the same or different. In this case, the inorganic material particles enable the desired heat transfer through thermal radiation between the same molecular species according to the present invention in the interior surface constituent members (for example, building materials forming the wall surface and the ceiling surface). It is blended by content. At this time, the amount of the inorganic material particles may be the same or different between the building material forming the wall surface and the building material forming the ceiling surface. These also apply to the inorganic material particles of the far-infrared emitting material on each of the two or more wall surfaces.
　室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面において、遠赤外線放射物質は複数種を用いてもよい。遠赤外線放射物質が石材の場合は、室内面構成部材あるいは冷暖放射パネル表面のために、２種以上の石材を組み合わせて用いることができる。遠赤外線放射物質が無機材料粒子の場合は、２種以上の無機材料粒子の混合物を用いることができる。どちらの場合も、室内面構成部材における無機材料粒子の組み合わせと冷暖放射パネル表面における無機材料粒子の組み合わせが同じであれば（同じ組み合わせが含まれていれば）、それらは同一物質であると見なされる。 Multiple types of far-infrared emitting materials may be used on the interior surface components and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel. When the far-infrared radiation material is a stone material, two or more kinds of stone materials can be used in combination for the indoor surface constituent member or the cooling / heating radiation panel surface. When the far-infrared emitting material is inorganic material particles, a mixture of two or more inorganic material particles can be used. In both cases, if the combination of inorganic material particles on the interior surface component and the combination of inorganic material particles on the surface of the cooling / heating panel are the same (if the same combination is included), they are considered to be the same substance. It is.
　室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面に含まれる遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子は、同一分子種間での熱放射を介した所期の熱移動を可能にする量でそれらに存在する。通常、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面は、異なる業者により、建設現場以外で製作して建設現場に搬入されるか又は建設現場において施工されることが多いと考えられる。従って、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面には、遠赤外線放射物質としての共通の無機材料粒子が、それぞれの製造業者又は施工業者により混入されることが多いと考えられる。このような場合、遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子の含有量は、それぞれの業者により室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面の各製造材料に含められる共通の無機材料粒子の量をいう。室内面構成部材中及び冷暖放射パネル表面形成材料中の無機材料粒子含有量は、本発明による熱放射を介した熱移動を実効あるものにする量として決定することができる。その量は、所期の冷房及び／又は加熱のために必要とされる熱移動量、熱放射を介した熱移動に利用可能な室内面構成部材と冷却及び／又は加熱面の面積、使用する遠赤外線放射物質の熱放射特性などに依存する。下記で説明する計測実験では、遠赤外線放射物質としての無機材料粒子は、室内面構成部材材料中、あるいは冷暖放射パネル表面を形成している材料中に、１重量％以上存在する場合に有効な効果が認められ、３重量％以上存在する場合により好ましい効果が得られた。一方、遠赤外線放射物質として無機材料粒子を用いる場合、その含有量の上限は、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面を形成する材料中に実際上含ませることができる無機材料粒子の最大量によって決まり、特に制約はない（理論的には、例えば９０重量％でもよい）。 The inorganic material particles as far-infrared radiation materials contained in the indoor surface constituent members and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel are present in them in an amount that enables the desired heat transfer via thermal radiation between the same molecular species. In general, it is considered that the indoor surface component and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface are often manufactured by a different contractor outside the construction site and carried into the construction site or installed at the construction site. Therefore, it is considered that common inorganic material particles as far-infrared radiation materials are often mixed into the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface by respective manufacturers or contractors. In such a case, the content of the inorganic material particles as the far-infrared emitting material refers to the amount of the common inorganic material particles included in the respective manufacturing materials of the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface by each supplier. The content of inorganic material particles in the interior surface constituting member and in the cooling / heating radiation panel surface forming material can be determined as an amount that makes the heat transfer through heat radiation effective according to the present invention. The amount used is the amount of heat transfer required for the desired cooling and / or heating, the interior surface components available for heat transfer via heat radiation and the area of the cooling and / or heating surface. Depends on the thermal radiation characteristics of far-infrared radiation materials. In the measurement experiment described below, the inorganic material particles as the far-infrared radiation material are effective when they are present in the interior surface component material or the material forming the cooling / heating radiation panel surface in an amount of 1% by weight or more. An effect was recognized, and a more preferable effect was obtained when the content was 3% by weight or more. On the other hand, when inorganic material particles are used as the far-infrared emitting material, the upper limit of the content depends on the maximum amount of inorganic material particles that can actually be included in the material forming the indoor surface constituent member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface. There are no particular restrictions (theoretically, for example, it may be 90% by weight).
　本発明では、遠赤外線放射物質の無機材料粒子として、複数種の物質を使用（上述の「分子レベルで同一」である物質を複数種使用）してもよい。この場合には、室内面構成部材と冷暖放射パネル表面とで同じ無機材料粒子の混合物を用いることができる。この場合の室内面構成部材材料と冷暖放射パネル表面を形成している材料における無機材料粒子の含有量は、混合物中の複数種の同じ物質の合計量でもって表される。 In the present invention, plural types of substances may be used as the inorganic material particles of the far-infrared emitting substance (multiple types of substances that are “identical at the molecular level” described above are used). In this case, the same mixture of inorganic material particles can be used for the interior surface constituting member and the cooling / heating radiation panel surface. In this case, the content of the inorganic material particles in the material forming the indoor surface constituent member material and the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is expressed by the total amount of the same kind of substances in the mixture.
　遠赤外線の放射および吸収を効率よく行うためには、遠赤外線放射物質は極力、環境調整する室内空間に露出していることが好ましい。とは言え、遠赤外線放射物質が室内空間に直接露出していなくても、１ｍｍ程度以下の保護層（例えば塗装の層、ニスの層、壁紙等）で覆われているのであれば、大きな問題はない。 In order to efficiently radiate and absorb far-infrared rays, it is preferable that far-infrared emitting materials are exposed to the indoor space where the environment is adjusted as much as possible. However, if the far-infrared emitting material is not directly exposed to the indoor space, it is a major problem if it is covered with a protective layer of about 1 mm or less (for example, a paint layer, a varnish layer, wallpaper, etc.). There is no.
　本発明で使用する遠赤外線放射物質の遠赤外線の放射率は、０．６以上であり、好ましくは０．８以上、より好ましくは０．９以上である。遠赤外線は、波長が３μｍ～１０００μｍの電磁波のことをいう。材料の放射率は、同一条件における理想的な黒体の遠赤外線の放射エネルギーをＷ0とし、当該材料の遠赤外線の放射エネルギーをＷとした場合に、Ｗ／Ｗ0によって定義される。放射率の値は、本発明のシステムの実際の使用温度に近い室温（例えば２５℃）におけるものが好ましく、例えば、人体に対する熱的な作用の大きい１０μｍ付近における値を採用する。 The far-infrared emissivity of the far-infrared emitting material used in the present invention is 0.6 or more, preferably 0.8 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more. Far-infrared radiation refers to electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of 3 μm to 1000 μm. The emissivity of a material is defined by W / W 0 where W 0 is the ideal black body far-infrared radiation energy under the same conditions and W is the far-infrared radiation energy of the material. The emissivity value is preferably at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) close to the actual use temperature of the system of the present invention.
　本発明の一態様において、冷暖放射パネルのフィンの表面は、遠赤外線放射物質の粉砕物とバインダーとを混合し、それを層状に塗り、乾燥させることでコーティングされている。たとえば、フィンの表面には、遠赤外線の放射率が０．９を超える数値を示す花崗岩を粉砕した粉砕物（石粉）を混ぜた白い塗料により構成された厚さ約２００μｍのコーティング層が形成される。コーティング層中の石粉の粒径は、５０μｍ以下である。この石粉のコーティング層における含有率は、塗料の硬化状態（乾燥状態）で２０重量％とされている。 In one aspect of the present invention, the surfaces of the fins of the cooling / heating panel are coated by mixing a pulverized far-infrared emitting material and a binder, coating them in layers, and drying. For example, on the surface of the fin, a coating layer having a thickness of about 200 μm formed of a white paint mixed with a pulverized material (stone powder) obtained by pulverizing granite, which has a far-infrared emissivity exceeding 0.9 is formed. The The particle size of the stone powder in the coating layer is 50 μm or less. The content of the stone powder in the coating layer is 20% by weight in the cured state (dry state) of the paint.
　本発明の放射冷暖房装置によれば、冷温水用の配管を短くできるので、配管費、施工費を低減し得、さらには通常のエアコンのように冷媒のみを用いる場合に比して、比熱の大きい冷温水も用いるので、放射冷暖房のメリットである蓄熱性は維持し得る。 According to the radiant cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, the piping for cold and hot water can be shortened, so that the piping cost and construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, compared with the case where only a refrigerant is used as in an ordinary air conditioner, the specific heat is reduced. Since large cold / hot water is also used, the heat storage which is the merit of radiant cooling / heating can be maintained.
　１　　屋外機
　２　　冷暖放射パネル
　３　　熱交換器
　４　　冷媒管
　５　　冷温水管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outdoor unit 2 Cooling / heating radiation panel 3 Heat exchanger 4 Refrigerant pipe 5 Cold / hot water pipe

Claims (3)

  1. 　ヒートポンプを含む屋外機、ならびに熱交換器および冷暖放射パネルを含む屋内機を備え、前記屋外機と前記熱交換器との間には冷媒が循環される配管が設けられ、かつ前記熱交換器と冷暖放射パネルとの間には前記熱交換器で冷媒から変換された冷温水が循環される配管を設けてなる放射冷暖房装置。 An outdoor unit including a heat pump, and an indoor unit including a heat exchanger and a cooling / heating panel, a pipe for circulating a refrigerant is provided between the outdoor unit and the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger A radiant cooling / heating device provided with a pipe through which chilled / hot water converted from the refrigerant in the heat exchanger is circulated between the cooling / heating radiant panel.
  2. 　屋内機において、熱交換器が冷暖放射パネルの上方もしくは下方に、または水平方向に並んで配置された請求項１に記載の放射冷暖房装置。 The radiant cooling and heating device according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed above or below the cooling / heating radiation panel or in a horizontal direction in the indoor unit.
  3. 　放射冷暖房装置が、
    遠赤外線を放射・吸収し遠赤外線の放射率が０．６以上である遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成された室内面構成部材を有し、
    　冷暖放射パネル表面が、前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質と同一の遠赤外線放射物質を含む材料で構成されてなり、
    　冷暖放射パネル表面が冷却されると、その表面の前記遠赤外線放射物質が前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を吸収し、及び／又は、
    　冷暖放射パネル表面が加熱されると、その加熱面の前記遠赤外線放射物質が放射する遠赤外線を前記室内面構成部材の前記遠赤外線放射物質が吸収するように構成されてなる請求項１または２に記載の放射冷暖房装置。     Radiant air conditioning unit
    It has an indoor surface component made of a material containing a far-infrared emitting material that radiates and absorbs far-infrared and has a far-infrared emissivity of 0.6 or more,
    The surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is made of a material containing the same far infrared radiation material as the far infrared radiation material of the indoor surface component,
    When the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is cooled, the far-infrared radiation material on the surface absorbs the far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface component and / or
    3. When the surface of the cooling / heating radiation panel is heated, the far-infrared radiation material of the indoor surface component member absorbs the far-infrared radiation emitted by the far-infrared radiation material on the heating surface. The radiant air-conditioning apparatus described in 1.
PCT/JP2014/070912 2013-08-12 2014-08-07 Radiant cooling and heating device WO2015022902A1 (en)

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WO2017013017A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Almeco Gmbh Ceiling element, in particular heating and cooling ceiling element, on the basis of aluminium or steel
TWI641367B (en) * 2016-03-30 2018-11-21 謝基生 Infrared heating sheet applicator and its preparation method
CN106833371B (en) * 2017-02-15 2019-11-08 中安瑞材(北京)科技有限公司 A kind of anti-condensation coating and surface have radiation tail end, radiator and the air-conditioning system of the anti-condensation coating
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