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WO2014174264A1 - Préparation ou formulation horticole - Google Patents

Préparation ou formulation horticole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014174264A1
WO2014174264A1 PCT/GB2014/051233 GB2014051233W WO2014174264A1 WO 2014174264 A1 WO2014174264 A1 WO 2014174264A1 GB 2014051233 W GB2014051233 W GB 2014051233W WO 2014174264 A1 WO2014174264 A1 WO 2014174264A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formulation
plant
plants
wetting agent
whitefly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2014/051233
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan TEBB-ROGER
Original Assignee
Grazers Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grazers Limited filed Critical Grazers Limited
Publication of WO2014174264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014174264A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

  • This invention relates to preparations and substances for horticulture and agriculture, including plant cultivation and nutrition for growth, along with ancillary effect against predator interest or attentions, attack damage or degradation from certain (live) pests which might otherwise undermine, impede, inhibit or destroy plant grown, but without having an express adverse or overt harmful effect upon the pests themselves, aside from being notionally frustrated in attacking target plant foliage.
  • Associated diseases pathogens or bacterial infection are also countered.
  • a particular concern is to counter or inhibit plant damage from pests through an alternative to pesticidal pest deterrent or repellent action.
  • a further consideration is consumption, with ingredients relevant to downstream production processing.
  • the Applicants have hitherto supplied a certain preparation found effective against rabbits from contact by rabbits with certain plants. Over longstanding established use experience, that (rabbit use) was thitherto thought to be the limit of its effect and utility, as far as its action or mechanism was understood.
  • the Applicants' predecessor to the subject product originated from a background in trace elements; that is minor nutrients essential for healthy plant growth. These were often overlooked, because farmers and suppliers were so focused upon primary or macro nutrient constituents for growth promotion, summarised as NPK, that is nitrogen, phosphate and potash.
  • a desirable environmentally-friendly consideration would be not to harm or kill, except to deprive a predator or pest of a particular limited plant resource, given a predator which might itself be a useful part of a wider food chain, but to make a subject plant less of an appealing target.
  • pests might otherwise seem pejorative when in reality the concern is a narrow one to a particular plant species.
  • molluscs in particular slugs and snails were a prime choice, because they are a major pest and also given that the range of products already on the market, albeit applied directly to the soil, commonly use metaldehyde as the main active ingredient.
  • metaldehyde is a persistent chemical about which there are various concerns. In wet conditions it can be washed through the soil and find its way into watercourses. Its very nature is designed to attract molluscs to the bait before being ingested. Poisoned molluscs may be eaten by innocuous wildlife e.g. hedgehogs, song thrush.
  • the subject formulation has a role as a foliar application and application rates (very low ) reflect this. Indirect take through the soil and roots is not precluded, but subject to further trial and evaluation.
  • Use of a contact herbicide or weed killer would effectively to kill everything rather indiscriminately.
  • the subject formulation is presently classed officially as a nutrient, not a pesticide. This reflects the performance claims made for it, rather than chemical constituents per se. Pesticide registration is complex, burdensome and costly, with some lack of clarity and ever changing regulation less appropriate for small batch production.
  • the ancestral (rabbit orientated) product to the present formulation has a demonstrable reputation from practical user experience, which is growing and most new custom comes from referrals.
  • the Applicant's goal is to create a safe and effective 'family' of products based upon environmental and sustainable beliefs, for a wide range of pests and uses on horticultural and agricultural crops, as well as in commercial and garden situations.
  • Other potential other targets for the subject formulation include all Hemipteran plant bugs. These are the sap suckers and include aphids, whitefly, scale insects, mealybugs, thrips and plant hoppers.
  • the calcium ingredient of the subject formulation also plays an important role in plant defence against some of these sap suckers, especially those that transmit plant viruses.
  • This also includes lepidopteran larvae (butterfly / moths), Dipteran larvae (flies), Hymenoptera larvae (this covers sawflies), Coleopteran larvae and adults (leaf eating beetles) and all gastropods (land dwelling slugs and snails). It is not immediately or intuitively evident which other actions or roles variant formulations might have, other than by trial and error and adjustment of dosages and mixes.
  • aspects of the invention comprise a multi-role nutrient formulation for certain target plant categories with ancillary role or effect against plant damage from certain pests, applied by direct contact with plant tissue, such as foliage or stems, exposed above ground, comprising a combination of calcium chloride, sodium lignosulphate and an inert wetting agent or surfactant.
  • An example plant nutrient formulation is also effective against plant damage from certain pests in certain category of molluscs, in particular slugs and/or snails, and comprising a combination of 50 per cent by volume calcium chloride, itself of a 16 percent by volume solution concentration ;25 per cent by volume sodium lignosulphate; 25 percent by volume water; additional 0.5ml per litre inert wetting agent added to the final mix.
  • This formulation can be used with a proprietary wetting agent, such as an alcohol base with ethylene oxide surfactant designated UN65.
  • a proprietary wetting agent such as an alcohol base with ethylene oxide surfactant designated UN65.
  • the wetting agent or surfactant reduces the surface tension of a liquid to allow spread or dispersal.
  • a nutrient formulation adapted for treatment against whitefly a nutrient formulation presented in a gel format; and a nutrient formulation presented in a powder, granule, compressed cube or pellet format.
  • the invention also provides a method of plant treatment using the subject formulation. This can be presented or delivered in a preparation applied by atomised spray action direct upon an exposed plant surface, such as a leaf or stem, and then absorbed into plant tissues through pores or interstices and distributed through the plant vascular network for systemic effect.
  • the derivative formulation involves certain new ingredients; not hitherto known individually to have any influence or effect on pests such as molluscs.
  • the reformulated ingredients of certain variants of the present invention have a 'passive' mitigation or retard effect against plant damage by molluscs.
  • New ingredient(s) aside, the proportions of the hitherto used ingredients are not changed markedly in some variants.
  • the new ingredient(s) constituents are taken up systemically by plants and are their presence in the plant part of the deterrent effect. Any surface residue could also have a contributory similar effect.
  • the application regime of the new formulation differs significantly from that of the established one.
  • the dosage of the new formulation is relevant, critical or 'tolerant', according to the range of pests to be addressed.
  • the physical form of the new formulation is conveniently liquid for ease and immediacy of dilution. That said, soluble solid forms or formats might be used, such as powder, granules, capsules, tablets, paste, creams etc.
  • a 'Ready To Use (RTU) preparation such as a solution of prescribed concentration, is convenient for certainty in administration and take up. Whilst no special (mechanical) applicator, spreader or doser is essential, a manually primable atomiser spray head is envisaged for ease of foliar application of the subject formulation.
  • the subject formulation could be regarded as a natural or organic (albeit uncertified), as opposed to an artificial or synthetic chemical composition.
  • the new formulation is an admixture ('cake recipe'), but certain ingredients may form a new chemical or biological compound.
  • the new formulation remains to be assessed in its action and purposeful effect upon plant pathogens or soil bacteria. Similarly, for any ancillary herbicidal, fungicidal or insecticidal effect.
  • the nutrient aspect or element of the new formulation has a role in stimulation and regulation plant growth; without affecting a wider passive action against pests.
  • the new formulation has no effect upon plant deterioration after picking. Overall, the new formulation has a dual role of (plant) nutrient and inhibitor from mollusc damage.
  • the active ingredients are at very low concentrations, such as of trace elements.
  • the new formulation is not inherently poisonous, nor unfavourably persistent or leaving a residue in the soil.
  • the new formulation does not adversely effect harmless other life forms.
  • the new formulation does not constitute an environmental hazard.
  • the new formulation is pet and child friendly.
  • the Applicants surmise some form of interaction between the preparation and pest physiology, beyond, say, smell or taste.
  • the companion nutritional mechanism is better recognised and understood; such as take up or breakdown within the plant. Any fungus or other plant disease inhibiting effect remains to be assessed.
  • the formulation is undetected.
  • the formulation is unpalatable, but not poisonous or fatal to consume in any concentration or quantity. Testing remains to be conducted on live creatures, such as spraying or pouring directly upon molluscs such as slugs and snails; along with other considerations of the physiology of target (or other) live creature ingestion; such as unpleasant but not fatal.
  • Spray application direct to foliage and/or ground could include target atomisation droplet size.
  • the formulation and treatment regime could be adapted to suit different crop types, soils or temperature and/or humidity considerations.
  • a particular applicator or doser and/or ground dosing or spreading regime may be adopted.
  • dosage dilution a formulation container and/or cap could have a measurement markings or delineations. Terms like 'deterrent', 'aversion', 'unalluring' or 'unpalatable' are used herein informally for convenience herein, and are not to be taken literally and do not indicate a pesticide, for which stricter rules prevail.
  • a single local dose could be sufficient to keep pests away from an entire plant; but a single 'sacrificial' dosed plant in a group cannot be relied upon, as a warning or deterrent, to protect a group of close plants. Nor is it clear that even harmed or dead pests would themselves be a deterrent to fresh attack. Similarly, pests do not necessarily compare or rank target plants for competitive advantage. Most, if not every, plant in a treatment group needs dosing, over a minimum effective coverage area. For individual plants, systemic effects arise, so the whole plant is naturally circulated and permeated from localised contact absorption.
  • a prime formulation preparation is effective against molluscs, in particular slugs and snails, comprises the constituents calcium chloride, sodium lignosulphate, water, wetting agent.
  • a particular formulation example comprises 50 per cent (by volume) calcium chloride (overall 16 percent by volume solution concentration) ; 25 per cent (by volume) sodium lignosulphate; 25 percent (by volume) water; additional 0.5ml per litre proprietary wetting agent designated UN65, or any inert wetting agent added to the final (tank) mix.
  • the Applicant also envisages a derivative formula for use in trials against thrips, caterpillar, cabbage white butterfly, adult vine weevil and as a desiccant to destroy potato tops safely before harvest.
  • An example test trial was conducted, which included a whitefly study, which suggested an effect, but one needing further work, as follows. There follow several test procedures and objectives.
  • Test 1 Test subject formulation with a plant-safe wetting agent, such as proprietary UN65, to determine if this improved the spreading of an application to mature waxy leafed brassicas. If spreading is improved, check for phytotoxicity and if necessary, reduce application rates to a plant- safe level.
  • Test 2. Test the plant-safe rates obtained from ⁇ on' 'module' sized brassicas in an outdoor environment.
  • Test 3 Repeat the slug and whitefly study on Chinese leaves using the x20 dilution ,to see if this rate can be used to protect delicate plants from these pests. [ * Objective 3 incurred changes. See Methods & Materials for details].
  • Test 4. Test subject formulation with and without a wetter agent on Hostas against snails in an outdoor environment.
  • test product and test procedure were as follows.
  • Anthrocyanine a chemical that plants usually produce when stressed. Root restrictions caused by the plants remaining within pots may also have contributed to this.
  • Respective cauliflowers were treated with the subject slug formulation and whitefly formulation, both at x30 dilution rates with 0.5ml/l dilution of of UN65. 4 days after treatment a discolouration, specifically reddening of leaves was observed on a few plants. In observation, despite the possibility that a small degree of phytotoxic damage might have occurred under the described conditions for this study, the results indicated that larger scale field tests could be worth undertaking. In study 3a subject Slug formulation and 0.5ml/l UN65 were used.
  • test product was the subject formulation designated in Ready To Use (RTU) mix concentration.
  • Target organism(s) were grey field slugs of species Deroceras Retuculatum from a colony maintained under controlled conditions, free from any prior chemical or biological treatments.
  • a Brassica pest study investigated the effects of the subject formulation on a range of Brassica pest species under controlled conditions and on outdoor plots. Study 1 addressed Lepidoptera.
  • the leaves were shaken to remove excess liquid and then placed onto absorbent kitchen paper within a plant propagator.
  • Fifteen mid-sized larvae (L3 - L4 stage) were randomly placed within the propagator and left to select feeding sites. The number of larvae on each of the leaves and the approximate percentage damage on each was then recorded at 6, 24, 30 and 48 hours after exposure. This experiment was repeated 4 times, with results tabulated as follows.
  • T1 - Test 1 Showing number of larvae on each leaf and the %age leaf consumed at each assessment point. reated isaf S h_ iis 14 haisfs 30 hets s 8 toufs
  • T2 -Test Showing number of larvae on each leaf and the %age leaf consumed at each assessment point.
  • T3 -Test Showing number of larvae on each leaf and the %age leaf consumed at each assessment point.
  • T4 -Test 4 Showing number of larvae on each leaf and the %age leaf consumed at each assessment point.
  • Tests with different dilutions of the subject formulation and wetting agent comprised 1 :1 subject formulation + 0.05% UN65, 1 :5 subject formulation + 0.05% UN65, 1 :10 subject formulation + 0.05% UN65, Water control. Treatments were re-applied weekly. Plants were inspected and recorded for the appearance of butterfly eggs at regular intervals. Plants were also observed for any phytotoxic damage that could be associated with the treatment. In results, during the week following the first application of treatments, adult P. brassicae butterflies were observed on and around the treated plants. Eggs were also found to be present on plants within all treatments.
  • Study 2 addressed Aphids.
  • Study 2a was to investigate the effects of exposing treated and untreated cabbage leaves to alate aphids. In methodology, six mature leaves of cabbage, var. Greyhound, were detached from plants and their petioles wrapped in moist tissue and Cling film.
  • Study 2b was to investigate the effects of spraying subject formulation on to cabbage leaves infested with small colonies of aphids.
  • twelve 4 leaf Chinese Cabbage plants were each infested with 20 mature apterous Mealy cabbage aphids. Plants were placed within Perspex plant propagators and left for ten days whilst aphid colonies established. Plants were watered as and when required. After ten days, all plants were inspected to ensure that aphid colonies had become established on the leaves. Plants were then segregated into 4 groups of 3 plants, ensuring that similar levels of aphids were present within each of the three groups.
  • Each group was sprayed to runoff point with either (a) x10 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65 (1 :2), (b) x2 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65 solution (1 :10), (c) Water, (d) Unsprayed Control.
  • x10 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65 (1 :2) was sprayed to runoff point with either (a) x10 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65 (1 :2), (b) x2 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65 solution (1 :10), (c) Water, (d) Unsprayed Control.
  • the approximate numbers of aphids on each of the plants was counted before the treatments were re-applied. This continued for 4 weeks. Results were tabulated as follows.
  • Study 3 addressed whitefly pest effects. More specifically, the Cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes Proletell, maintained on Chinese cabbage was used for the following studies as it is the primary whitefly pest species for outdoor cabbage crops.
  • Study 3a investigated the effects of exposing treated and untreated cabbage leaves to adult whitefly. In m ethodology, Six mature leaves of cabbage, var. Greyhound, were detached from plants and their petioles wrapped in moist tissue and Cling film. Two of the leaves were dipped into a 1 :10 dilution of subject formulation + 0.05% UN65, two leaves into a 1 :2 dilution of formulation + 0.05% UN65 solution and two into tap water. Leaves were then left to air dry.
  • the leaves were attached to the inside walls of a Perspex box with water-proof tape as shown in the diagram below. Approximately 100 adult whitefly were released into the box and allowed to settle on the leaves over a 24 hour period. The number of whitefly on each of the leaves was then recorded over the following 3 days. Whitefly that remained on the cage sides were not counted. This experiment was repeated 5 times.
  • Study 4 addressed naturally occurring outdoor Brassica pests, to investigate the effects of spraying the subject formulation on to outdoor cabbage plants.
  • a commercial module tray of cone cabbage plant lets had been acquired from a nursery supplier earlier in late April. These had remained within the modules and watered as required until they were to be transplanted to the plots during the second week of June. These plants had not been treated with any fungicides, insecticides or fertilisers.
  • Two outdoor growing plots were prepared and each planted with twelve cabbage plants (3 rows of 4 plants), approximately 2 cm apart. Plants were left to establish for 3 weeks and then sprayed weekly with a 1 :20 dilution of subject formulation and 0.05% UN65 to 'just before run-off 'point.
  • Iron phosphate slug pellets were scattered around the base of four plants within the untreated plot and four plants within the treated plot.
  • a fourth treatment was applied. Seven weeks after planting (one week after fourth treatment) there were P. brassicae larvae and related damage on 5 plants within the untreated plot. There was also P. brassicae larvae and related damage on 6 plants within the treated plot. No other plant pests or related damage were recorded on any other plant within the untreated and treated plots. Small levels of leaf staining were visible on some of leaves within the treated plot similar to those observed in Study 1 b. There were two dead slugs on the soil surface within the untreated plot. A fifth treatment was applied. Eight weeks after planting (one week after fifth treatment) there were P.
  • a seventh treatment was applied. Ten weeks after planting (one week after seventh treatment) there was P. brassicae larvae and related damage on 5 plants within the untreated plot. There was also P. brassicae larvae and related damage on 6 plants within the treated plot. No other plant pests or related damage recorded on any other plant within the untreated and treated plots. Small levels of leaf staining remained visible on some of leaves within the treated plot.
  • Study 1 a also showed that the higher rates of subject formulation produced higher levels of damage reduction, so it's possible that a higher rate might have produced a more defined effect at reducing larval feeding damage in the outdoor plot.
  • the possibility of increased levels of leaf staining from the higher rates would however need to be checked on outdoor plants, as this was seen in Study 1 b where 1 :1 , 1 :5 and 1 :10 rates had been re-applied over a 5 week period to potted cabbage plants.
  • the low incidence of molluscs within the experimental plots meant that no data could be obtained to evaluate the effects of using subject formulation in conjunction with Iron Phosphate slug pellets. Plans for local agronomists to evaluate the subject formulation against mollusc damage on commercial brassica crops remained on hold throughout the year because of the lack of slugs within the commercial crops.
  • a consolidated cake or soap concentrate could be used as a dense carrier for direct smear upon a plant or soil service or embedding in soil.
  • An active nutrient and surfactant spreader of wetting agent can be expressed as solutions in the same phase or an emulsion as a mix of substances which do not want to associate or mix with one another or immiscible soluble bioactive bio surfactant micelle clusters of surfactant hydrophilic or lipophilic molecules
  • An ingredient of the subject formulation can act as a surfactant, that is a synthetic surface active agent, surface spreader, emulsifier (suspended droplets), stabiliser or dispersant lowering surface tension of water for a diversity of surfaces whether biological including active living tissue or inorganic.
  • Cabbage trials were representative of Brassicae, which by way of categorisation, are cruciferous vegetables of the mustard family, including cabbage, broccoli, sprouts - of which leaves buds or flowers are used, kale, swede, turnips.
  • High pressure washing after treatment may tend to wash off or dilute a preceding treatment, so reducing its efficacy or long term action. This was more notable with smaller rather than larger body aphids.
  • a liquid carrier medium specifically water or water based has been used in the foregoing trials, but exploratory trials using a viscous gel medium with a seaweed base have also been undertaken. In outdoor trials, treated and untreated plots were employed. Treatment was undertaking by spraying. Batches of eggs were noted after planting.
  • the invention embraces a generic multi-purpose formulation incorporating a plurality of tailored constituents respectively of targeted nutrient or pest deterrent effect, each with individual effect specific or targeted to certain plant species.
  • the formulation features one or more or a plurality of nutrients or nutrient treatments to promote plant growth along with one or more /ora plurality of pest deterrents or pest deterrent treatments, as a combination nutrient and pest deterrent.
  • the nutrients could be micro nutrients such as trace elements. Promoting or invigorating plant growth could be an inducement or bait to prospective predatory pest infestations detrimental or noxious to plant health or vigour, so in that regard is somewhat counter to the role of a companion ingredient as a deterrent. That said, a product which can help strengthen plants natural defences before damage occurs may delay or reduce the need for conventional pesticides and so remains advantageous to an environmentally friendly gardener thinking about pet, people and planet. This ethos is relevant to (domestic) retail and (commercial) horticulture and farm, as farmers are becoming more aware of pesticide impact.
  • Pesticides are being looked at more rigorously by authorities for their safety and environmental impact and as many are being removed from the market, there is real scope for alternative positive effect products as opposed to a reactive treatment pesticide. That is a more pro-active strengthen and prevent option.
  • a spray or brush on coating could be applied to plant foliage to permeate pores without inhibiting transpiration and for onward systemic absorption through foliage or ground roots. Dipping or immersion can be used for tests, but less so for usage in the field.
  • application of the subject formulation may be less effective or ineffectual or serve as a deterrent to further infestation spread or encroachment.
  • Aphids or plant lice, such as greenflies, blackflies, whiteflies are small sap-sucking insects of the super fly family Aphidooidea and are destructive of cultivated plants in temperate climate regions.
  • a multi-role formulation can embrace and/or be targeted for effect against rabbits, molluscs (slugs), whitefly; the maturity of plant foliage under test has a bearing upon test outcome.
  • ingredients may have an interactive or synergistic individual or collective effect.
  • a deduction of lesser appeal or palatably of higher concentrations of the formulation can be made, along with distribution or spread with a surfactant or spreading agent.
  • a gel created from seaweed extract which forms a gel when mixed with water. To this is added an essential oil which, when squeezed around a plant base or top of pot, acts as a barrier. This gel has been found effective on Spanish slugs, which are contemporary threat due to their size, appetite, feeding habits and immunity to certain chemicals.
  • the gel can be applied to tree trunks and fixed by spraying the subject formulation, which reacts with the gel to form a skin, which will last for over a couple of weeks; this has an effect upon climbing pests.
  • the gel was applied to outdoor trees then sprayed with the subject formulation, the gel remained tacky for just over a couple of weeks.
  • Lab tests had demonstrated a repellent effect with slugs and also that small Lepidoptera larvae (Silver Y moths) did not try and cross the gel while it was tacky. This offers potential use as a barrier on garden trees, especially since it does eventually dry and virtually disappears. Re-applications could be made every 2 weeks until the 'pest threat period' passes. It is appropriate for young fruit trees which are prone to rabbit damage to the bark at certain times of year.
  • the formulation could be convertible between a free-flowing or low viscosity liquid and a high viscosity liquid, gel, cream or paste. This allows a spreadable, paintable, sprayable water soluble formulation for ease of dilution.
  • the formulation can be applied as a multi-layer coating of painted or sprayed on base, with a thicker over-layer. From test results on a range of brassica pests, it is clear there is an effect, but not as conclusive as for example the slug trials. Nevertheless, the subject formulation reduces numbers of pest attacks and introduces a safety factor, reducing the need or frequency of other conventional pesticide remedies.
  • liquid and gel products might be pitched distinctly commercially, a more encompassing 'selectively adjustable' viscosity preparation could be contrived; which might morph through a free-flowing liquid to a gel, cream + paste, as a carrier or delivery medium.
  • a neutral dry mixing agent such as powder granules could enable this; as a spreadable, paintable, sprayable, say water-soluble formulation for ease of dilution.
  • An extreme example, would be a 'dry friction crumble', soluble, densely compacted granular version, like, say, a gravy cube.
  • the depth or intensity of the applied formulation may have a bearing upon efficacy; albeit there an optimum cut-off point beyond which no extra benefit is derived.
  • the Applicants have found a safe limit with the subject formulation, beyond which may risk causing top foliage scorch or even plant death.
  • young, immature foliage is more vulnerable yet appealing to potential attackers.
  • a different strength formulation could be more appropriate to formative young, rather than mature foliage; or can one concentration suit all situations.
  • the Applicants advise use on hardened off plants. Seedlings growing from seed sown in the garden are less prone to scorch even when very small. So greenhouse use is a prime use, possibly at a reduced rate initially.
  • a systemic absorption effect can be at work, when the formulation is applied to above-ground foliage topical surface application may be sufficient; works reliably through the leaf (no impact on soil) good environmental practice (with the slight exception of Gel) take up through roots in a soil or growing medium is open to trial and proving.
  • the subject formulation could work with hydroponic cultivation; say by dosing a growing medium with formulation to a certain concentration; still primarily foliar; if absorption via roots would risk being unpredictable and slow.
  • Trace elements, featured in the subject formulation can be categorised as nutrients or nutrient content. The Applicants have analysed an example calcium solution for trace element content.
  • calcium compounds may have a role in downstream processing of foodstuffs from plant material, a fresh addition would likely be required, since any calcium applied to foliage at early stages of cultivation would likely have been absorbed, converted into plan tissue and so have effectively disappeared by harvest. Most pest damage is caused at young or formative plant growth stage, so application of the formulation is most appropriately applied at very early growth stages. Calcium is a recognised as a means to 'harden' crops; such as apples prior to harvest.
  • Variant substrate forms include a solid block from which material sliced off or abraded into particulate dust, powder or granules. Discrete blocks or tablets rubbed or abraded together to generate particulate dust, powder or granule. A pre-creased or striated scored or indented blocks or tablets, for ease of sub-division, fragmentation, separation or disintegration. Chunks, say constrained in metal or plastics wire cages, for immersion and slow dissolution in solvent such as water. Alternatively a flexible ribbon, band or strip could be a base supply from which to sever or tear off soluble tab portion. Selectively adjustable intermixing and blending of discrete individual ingredient portions could be employed. Melding, such as pressing or squashing together; discrete individual ingredient portions could also be used. Striated paste or cream with ingredients in discrete respective bands
  • a dosage dispenser could feature an adjustable mix regulator in output path.
  • the dosage dispenser could be fitted with a filter head in a discharge path to separate out dishrag into streams according to particle size.
  • An adjustable consistency paste or cream by controlled intermixing of solid powder with liquid suspension in discharge or output path.
  • a perforated sprinkler blade or scoop could serve for a dry formulation and mechanical growing medium admixture.
  • Key ingredients such as respectively nutrient and pest deterrent, could be of different particle or granule shape and/or size, with shuffling of differentiated particle size to adjust delivery balance of ingredients.
  • a grinder mechanism could feature in a delivery head, such as a peppercorn grinder, to convert larger granules into smaller particulates or powders.
  • the subject formulation is applicable to hydroponic plant growing or cultivation systems without soil, but using an inert growing medium.
  • Hydroponic irrigation could use an adjusted formulation, such as with an additive or boost, where a modest, say drip feed of nutrient solution is fed through a delivery line to a plant or plant bed.
  • the formulation can be injected or bled into an irrigation feed or delivery stream or into a supply reservoir with intermixing provision.
  • a mesh or netting matrix fabric layer could be impregnated with formulation as an overlay upon, embedded in or set below a growing medium.
  • a reactive formulation could be convertible at least in part to a derivative calcium chloride nutrient component.
  • a reactive formulation could also be convertible at least in part to a wetting agent or a component to serve that role, possibly among other roles.
  • a formulation could feature a calcium chloride ingredient as a source of calcium ions in an aqueous solution ; with characteristics including a temperature rise upon dissolution in water.
  • a formulation with a calcium chloride ingredient constituent could serve as a downstream processed food substance, or as a sequestrant and firming agent with an allotted E number.
  • a formulation with a calcium chloride ingredient could serve as a medicinal agent when incorporated into a plant food for consumption.
  • a formulation wetting agent ingredient could impact upon and improve growing medium, such as soil, water retention qualities; aside from and in addition to any contribution to pest deterrent effect.
  • a formulation with a marker die colourant pigment or stain could serve as a visible witness of location of application and usage; with an ancillary litmus marker test of reactivity or pH.
  • Calcium ingredient for post processing and added in preparation for consumption of beneficial effect could be contributed to by supplementary calcium environment in cultivation, give the plant could take up and retain it beyond its own immediate needs for growth and health. So the subject formulation as a pest deterrent and nutrient could have a longer term contributory effect beyond that.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une combinaison, un nutriment à double effet et une formulation dissuasive vis-à-vis des ravageurs, pour certaines catégories de plantes, avec un effet accessoire contre les dommages aux plantes dus à certains ravageurs, et appliquée par contact direct avec le tissu végétal, tel que le feuillage ou les tiges, exposé au-dessus du sol, comprenant une combinaison équilibrée de chlorure de calcium, de lignosulfate de sodium et d'un agent mouillant inerte ; une variante de la formulation étant efficace contre la mouche blanche, une autre variante de la formulation, efficace contre les mollusques tels que les limaces et les escargots, comprenant une combinaison de 50 pourcents en volume de chlorure de calcium, lui-même sous forme d'une solution à une concentration de 16 pourcents en volume ; 25 pourcents en volume de lignosulfonate de sodium ; 25 pourcents en volume d'eau, 0,5 ml par litre d'un agent mouillant inerte étant en plus ajoutés au mélange final. Cette formulation peut être utilisée avec un agent mouillant propriétaire, tel qu'un alcool à base d'un tensioactif oxyéthyléné appelé UN65. Une dose formulation directe prête à l'emploi peut être conçue sur la base de ce qui précède.
PCT/GB2014/051233 2013-04-26 2014-04-22 Préparation ou formulation horticole WO2014174264A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1307580.9 2013-04-26
GB201307580A GB201307580D0 (en) 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Horticultural preparation or formulation

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WO2014174264A1 true WO2014174264A1 (fr) 2014-10-30

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29901554U1 (de) * 1999-01-29 1999-06-02 Ohrzal, Andrzej, 94469 Deggendorf Repellent gegen Schnecken
US5981433A (en) * 1995-06-29 1999-11-09 Rhone-Poulenc Chimier Lignosulfonate/ethoxylated poly(1-phenylethyl)phenol dispersing agents and agrochemicals comprised thereof
GB2354947A (en) * 2000-10-02 2001-04-11 Malcolm Douglas Hamilton Clark Slug and snail deterrent comprising sodium chloride and a high melting point grease
WO2003067982A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Appats pour limaces
CN101185436A (zh) * 2007-11-21 2008-05-28 张少武 一种灭幼脲水分散粒剂
CN102283241A (zh) * 2011-07-31 2011-12-21 河北工程大学 拟除虫菊酯类农药水分散片剂

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101941872B (zh) * 2010-08-19 2013-01-09 北京农学院 一种混合植物合生长因子的叶面药肥及其制备方法
CN102763665A (zh) * 2012-06-30 2012-11-07 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 茚虫威水分散粒剂及其制备方法
CN102919272A (zh) * 2012-11-07 2013-02-13 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 一种枯草芽孢杆菌水分散粒剂及其制备方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5981433A (en) * 1995-06-29 1999-11-09 Rhone-Poulenc Chimier Lignosulfonate/ethoxylated poly(1-phenylethyl)phenol dispersing agents and agrochemicals comprised thereof
DE29901554U1 (de) * 1999-01-29 1999-06-02 Ohrzal, Andrzej, 94469 Deggendorf Repellent gegen Schnecken
GB2354947A (en) * 2000-10-02 2001-04-11 Malcolm Douglas Hamilton Clark Slug and snail deterrent comprising sodium chloride and a high melting point grease
WO2003067982A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Appats pour limaces
CN101185436A (zh) * 2007-11-21 2008-05-28 张少武 一种灭幼脲水分散粒剂
CN102283241A (zh) * 2011-07-31 2011-12-21 河北工程大学 拟除虫菊酯类农药水分散片剂

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GB201407020D0 (en) 2014-06-04
GB2515170A (en) 2014-12-17
GB201307580D0 (en) 2013-06-12
GB2515170B (en) 2017-08-30

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