WO2014148068A1 - マニピュレータ - Google Patents
マニピュレータ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014148068A1 WO2014148068A1 PCT/JP2014/050296 JP2014050296W WO2014148068A1 WO 2014148068 A1 WO2014148068 A1 WO 2014148068A1 JP 2014050296 W JP2014050296 W JP 2014050296W WO 2014148068 A1 WO2014148068 A1 WO 2014148068A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- preliminary
- main
- wire
- bending
- shaft
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/06—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/71—Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/74—Manipulators with manual electric input means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
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- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/104—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/00292—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
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- A61B2017/00292—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
- A61B2017/003—Steerable
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- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
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- A61B2017/003—Steerable
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- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2061—Tracking techniques using shape-sensors, e.g. fiber shape sensors with Bragg gratings
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- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
- A61B2090/3612—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras with images taken automatically
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manipulator.
- a medical manipulator that includes an elongated insertion portion that can be inserted into a body and remotely operates a treatment tool mounted on the insertion portion from outside the body to treat the inside of the body is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
- the insertion portion of such a manipulator is provided with a bending portion for changing the direction of the distal end surface on which a camera, a treatment instrument, and the like are mounted.
- a reduction mechanism is used as a main bending mechanism for bending the bending portion. That is, a large rotational motion of the shaft generated on the proximal end side of the insertion portion is converted into a small linear motion by a screw shaft rotating together with the shaft and a nut fastened to the screw shaft, and this linear motion is utilized.
- a configuration is adopted in which the bending portion is bent by pushing and pulling the wire connected to the distal end of the insertion portion.
- the wire In the insertion portion using such a speed reduction mechanism, in order to generate the rotational motion of the shaft from the linear motion of the wire, the wire needs to be linearly moved by a sufficiently large external force. That is, the shape of the bending portion bent by the pulling and pulling of the wire is sufficiently stable against the external force. On the other hand, in order to switch the bending portion from a rigid state that maintains the same angle against the external force to a flexible state that bends according to the external force, it is provided between the speed reduction mechanism and the wire and can be separated.
- a clutch is used (for example, refer to Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 when a failure occurs in the traction mechanism, the bending portion continues to maintain a constant bending shape against the tissue shape in the body, and thus it is difficult to remove the insertion portion from the body. There is.
- the clutch of Patent Document 2 is provided in the front stage of the speed reduction mechanism of Patent Document 1 and the wire is separated from the traction mechanism that has failed due to the clutch, but the clutch is provided at the distal end of the insertion portion. There is a problem that the insertion portion becomes larger in diameter.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a manipulator that can be smoothly removed from the body even if a failure occurs in a mechanism that bends the bending portion while having a thin structure. For the purpose.
- the present invention provides the following means.
- the present invention includes an elongated main body portion, a distal end portion disposed on the distal end side of the main body portion, a bendable bending portion provided between the main body portion and the distal end portion, and connected to the distal end portion.
- a plurality of main bending mechanisms having a main power transmission portion that transmits as a linear motion in the longitudinal direction of the main body portion, and the main bending mechanisms are provided in parallel in pairs, at the same position or in the vicinity of the main wire rods.
- a manipulator comprising a plurality of preliminary bending mechanisms that cause the longitudinal pressing force and traction force to act on the distal end portion, and a switching unit that selectively operates the main bending mechanism and the preliminary bending mechanism that make a pair.
- the power generated by the main power generation unit is transmitted to the base end portion of the main wire as a linear motion by the main power transmission unit, and the main wire is pushed out to the front end side or pulled to the base end side.
- tip part and a connection part curves.
- the operation of the switching unit enables the preliminary traction mechanism to press and pull the tip portion instead of the failed traction mechanism.
- the traction mechanism breaks down, it is possible to smoothly remove from the body from the distal end portion inserted into the body to the main body portion.
- a large-diameter member such as a clutch mechanism between the front end portion and the main body portion, a small-diameter structure can be achieved.
- the main power transmission unit is rotated around its central axis by the power generated by the main power generation unit, and the rotational motion of the main shaft member is linear in the longitudinal direction.
- a power conversion member connected to the base end portion of the main wire, and the preliminary bending mechanism is arranged coaxially with the main shaft member and connected to the power conversion member And a preliminary power generation unit that rotates the preliminary shaft member.
- the main shaft member is composed of a cylindrical member arranged along the longitudinal direction
- the spare shaft member is composed of a wire-shaped member accommodated inside the main shaft member. It may be.
- the preliminary bending mechanism includes a preliminary wire connected to the distal end portion in the vicinity of the main wire and extending to the proximal end side, and a preliminary traction mechanism for transmitting the longitudinal linear motion to the preliminary wire. May be provided. By doing in this way, a preliminary
- the preliminary traction mechanism transmits the linear motion generated by the preliminary power generation unit connected to the main wire and the preliminary power generation unit that generates the linear motion in the longitudinal direction to the main wire. And a transmission member.
- the linear motion generated by the preliminary power generation unit is transmitted to the main wire common to the main bending mechanism by the transmission member.
- the main wire and the spare wire can be shared.
- the preliminary traction mechanism is generated by the preliminary power generation unit that generates power and the preliminary power generation unit provided in parallel with the main power generation unit and the main power transmission unit of the main bending mechanism.
- the main power transmission part which transmits the said motive power as the linear motion of the said longitudinal direction to the base end of the said auxiliary
- the preliminary traction mechanism may include a preliminary power generation unit that is connected to a proximal end of the preliminary wire, generates a linear motion in the longitudinal direction, and transmits the linear motion to the preliminary wire. Good. By doing in this way, a preliminary traction mechanism can be made into a simple structure.
- the structure can be smoothly removed from the body while having a thin structure.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a surgical manipulator system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of a part of the front end side of the manipulator with which the surgical manipulator system of FIG. 1 is provided. It is a figure which shows a straight curved part roughly. It is a figure which shows the curved curved part schematically. It is a block diagram of the main bending mechanism with which a manipulator is provided. It is a figure explaining the effect
- FIG. 8 is a side view (upper view) and a sectional view taken along the line VII-VII (lower view) showing a modification of the switching unit. It is a figure which shows another modification of a switching part. It is a figure which shows another modification of a switching part. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the failure detection part with which a manipulator is provided. It is a block diagram which shows the modification of a preliminary
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a state where a wire and a traction mechanism are connected by a modification of the connection member provided in the preliminary bending mechanism of FIG. 11. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which the wire and the pulling mechanism are cut
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a surgical manipulator system 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the surgical manipulator system 100 includes a manipulator 1 disposed around a bed 40 on which a patient X is laid, a control device 60 connected to the manipulator 1, and the manipulator 1 of the manipulator 1. And an operation device 80 for inputting an operation signal.
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the tip side of the manipulator 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the manipulator 1 includes a light 30 that emits illumination light and a camera 31 that images the inside of the body, and a treatment tool 32 that can be projected and retracted from the distal surface 2 a. It has.
- the treatment tool 32 protruding from the distal end surface 2 a is arranged in the field of view of the camera 31.
- the manipulator 1 can change the direction of the distal end surface 2a when the bending portion 5 is bent, and can arbitrarily change the imaging range of the surgical part of the patient X. It is like that.
- the operation device 80 includes an input unit 81 such as a joystick operated by the operator Y, and a display unit 82 that displays an image acquired by the camera 31.
- the control device 60 In response to an input from the input unit 81, the control device 60 outputs a command signal to each unit of the manipulator 1. In accordance with this command signal, the appearance operation of the treatment instrument 32 and the rotation operation of each joint 32a are controlled, and the bending operation of the bending portion 5 is controlled.
- the surgeon Y remotely operates the bending portion 5 of the manipulator 1 and the treatment tool 32 via the input unit 81 of the operation device 80 while observing the image of the inside of the body and the treatment tool 32 taken by the camera 31 on the display unit 82.
- the inside of the patient X can be treated.
- the manipulator 1 includes an elongated insertion portion 2 that is inserted into the body from the oral cavity of the patient X, for example.
- the insertion portion 2 includes an elongated main body portion 3, a distal end portion 4 disposed on the distal end side of the main body portion 3, and a bending portion 5 disposed between the main body portion 3 and the distal end portion 4 to connect them. It has.
- the main body 3 is a flexible portion that can be bent along the tissue shape of the body of the patient X.
- the distal end portion 4 is a hard and sufficiently small portion on which the light 30, the camera 31, the treatment instrument 32, and the like described above are mounted.
- the bending portion 5 is a portion that directs the distal end surface 2a in an arbitrary direction as described above by bending in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the main body portion 3.
- the bending portion 5 includes a plurality of cylindrical node rings 5 a arranged along a central axis (hereinafter also simply referred to as an axis) A of the insertion portion 2.
- Each node ring 5a is connected to an adjacent node ring 5a so as to be swingable around two axes orthogonal to the axis A.
- the bending part 5 can be bent in any direction as shown in FIG. 3B.
- the configuration of the bending portion 5 is not limited to the structure using the node ring 5a (curving piece), and may be, for example, a multi-joint structure bending mechanism.
- the manipulator 1 is a wire that extends in the direction of the axis A to the main body portion 3 as a bending mechanism (main bending mechanism) 6 that controls the bending operation of the bending portion 5, as shown in FIG. 4.
- (Main wire) 7 and a traction mechanism 8 provided on the main body 3 for pulling the wire 7 are provided.
- the material of the wire 7 is not particularly limited as long as it has rigidity capable of transmitting the movement of the proximal end to the distal end, and for example, metal or resin is preferable.
- the wire 7 is employ
- the traction mechanism 8 is provided coaxially with the shaft 9, a cylindrical shaft (main shaft member) 9 arranged in the direction of the axis A, a drive mechanism provided on the proximal end side of the shaft 9 and rotating the shaft 9.
- a screw shaft (power conversion member) 10 for connecting the shaft 9 and the base end portion of the wire 7 and a nut (power conversion member) 11 to which the screw shaft 10 is fastened are provided.
- the drive mechanism includes a motor 12 having a rotation shaft 12a disposed in the direction of the axis A, a drive pulley 131 disposed coaxially with the rotation shaft 12a, and a shaft 9 disposed coaxially and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 9.
- the driven pulley 132 and the belt 14 that spans the driving pulley 131 and the driven pulley 132 are provided.
- a coupling mechanism (switching unit) 151 for connecting and disconnecting them is provided.
- the nut 11 has four female screws 11a to which the four screw shafts 10 are fastened, and holds the four screw shafts 10 in common.
- the nut 11 is fixed to the cylindrical outer tube of the main body 3 that accommodates the traction mechanism 8, and the rotating screw shaft 10 is connected to the main body 3 along the axis A direction on the tip side or Send to the proximal side.
- the wire 7 pushed to the distal end side presses the distal end portion 4 toward the distal end side, and when the screw shaft 10 moves backward to the proximal end side, the wire 7 pulled toward the proximal end side is pulled.
- the distal end portion 4 is pulled to the proximal end side.
- the bending portion 5 is bent as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the bending angle of the bending portion 5 is controlled by adjusting the pushing amount and the pulling amount of the wire 7 at this time. 4A and subsequent drawings, the bending portion 5 is shown in a simplified manner.
- the manipulator 1 includes a preliminary bending mechanism 16 provided in parallel with each bending mechanism 6.
- the preliminary bending mechanism 16 is provided in parallel with the pulling mechanism 8 with respect to the wire 7, and includes a preliminary pulling mechanism 17 that operates the wire 7 in the direction of the axis A as with the pulling mechanism 8.
- the preliminary traction mechanism 17 includes a preliminary shaft (preliminary shaft member) 18 disposed coaxially with the shaft 9 of the traction mechanism 8 and a preliminary motor 19 provided on the proximal end side of the preliminary shaft 18.
- the spare shaft 18 is made of a flexible wire that can be bent along the tissue shape in the body while having an appropriate rigidity for efficiently transmitting the rotational movement of the proximal end side to the distal end side. Housed inside.
- the distal end of the spare shaft 18 is connected to the proximal end of the screw shaft 10, and the proximal end of the spare shaft 18 protrudes from the proximal end of the shaft 9.
- the spare motor 19 has a rotary shaft 19a arranged coaxially with the spare shaft 18.
- a coupling mechanism (switching unit) 152 that connects and disconnects the spare shaft 18 and the rotary shaft 19a is provided.
- the auxiliary motor 19 When the auxiliary motor 19 is operated in a state where the auxiliary shaft 18 and the rotary shaft 19a are connected by the coupling mechanism 152, the auxiliary shaft 18 rotates integrally with the rotary shaft 19a, and the same as when the traction mechanism 8 is operated. Further, the wire 7 is bent as the screw shaft 10 moves in the direction of the axis A.
- the spare shaft 18 is disconnected from the spare motor 19 by the coupling mechanism 15 and is movable in the direction of the axis A.
- the traction mechanism 8 can operate without being obstructed by the preliminary traction mechanism 17.
- FIG. 5 shows a connecting portion between the shaft 9 and the driven pulley 132.
- a convex portion 9 a is formed in a part in the circumferential direction.
- the driven pulley 132 is formed with a hole 132a into which the shaft 9 is inserted so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction, and the hole 132a has a concave portion 132b into which the convex portion 9a is fitted.
- Reference numeral 50 denotes a support base that rotatably supports the rotating shaft 132c of the pulley 132 by a bearing (not shown).
- the surgical manipulator system 100 including the manipulator 1 configured as described above will be described.
- the operator Y operates the input unit 81 to operate the manipulator 1, and the bending direction of the bending part 5 and By changing the bending angle, the position and posture of the distal end surface 2 a are adjusted so that the surgical site enters the field of view of the camera 31.
- the operator Y operates the input unit 81 to move the treatment tool 32 from the distal end surface 2 a and move it to the field of view of the camera 31.
- the surgeon Y treats the surgical site by remotely operating the treatment tool 32 via the input unit 81 while observing the positional relationship between the surgical part and the treatment tool 32 in the image displayed on the display unit 82. be able to.
- the power from the motor 12 is transmitted to the proximal end portion of the wire 7 by breaking the shaft 9 of any of the traction mechanisms 8 while operating the manipulator 1. If not, the bending angle of the bending portion 5 does not change as the operator Y inputs to the input unit 81, and the field of view of the camera 31 displayed on the display unit 82 does not move normally. Therefore, the operator Y can easily recognize the failure of the traction mechanism 8.
- the screw shaft 10 and the shaft 9 are driven by the linear motion of the wire 7.
- the wire 7 In order to rotate the wire, the wire 7 needs to be linearly moved with a sufficiently large force. That is, even if a pressing force is applied to the distal end portion 4 and the bending portion 5 from the tissue in the body, the pressing force is not sufficient to move the wire 7 in the direction of the axis A to deform the bending portion 5. Continue to maintain a constant shape against the tissue shape in the body.
- the operator Y operates the two coupling mechanisms 151 and 152. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the shaft 9 of the failed traction mechanism 8 is disconnected from the motor 12 by the coupling mechanism 15, and the spare shaft 18 of the preliminary traction mechanism 17 paired with the traction mechanism is spared by the coupling mechanism 15. Connect to motor 19. As a result, the wire 7 connected to the failed traction mechanism 8 is returned to the operable state by the preliminary traction mechanism 17 as before the failure. Therefore, the operator Y can remove the insertion portion 2 by smoothly moving the insertion portion 2 along the tissue shape in the body while controlling the bending angle of the bending portion 5 with the normal traction mechanism 8 and the preliminary traction mechanism 17. it can.
- the operator Y has an advantage that the manipulator 1 can be smoothly removed from the body.
- the insertion part 2 can be made into a small diameter structure by arrange
- the preliminary traction mechanism 17 includes the auxiliary motor 19 that is separate from the motor 12 of the traction mechanism 8, and the wire 7 is driven using the auxiliary motor 19 when a failure occurs.
- the preliminary traction mechanism 17 may use the same motor 12 as the traction mechanism 8. By doing so, only one motor 12 is required, and the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
- the switching unit selectively operates the traction mechanism 8 and the preliminary traction mechanism 17 by selectively connecting the rotating shaft 12a of the motor 12 to the shaft 9 and the preliminary shaft 18.
- the switching unit is disposed between the rotation shaft 12 a and the shaft 9 and the auxiliary shaft 18, and is fixed to the rotation shaft 12 a.
- a connecting member 21 that connects the shaft 9 or the auxiliary shaft 18.
- the intermediate member 20 is a cylindrical member that accommodates the base end portions of the shaft 9 and the spare shaft 18.
- the connecting member 21 is a pin that is inserted into holes 20a and 20b that allow the intermediate member 20 to communicate with the shaft 9 and the spare shaft 18. By inserting the connecting member 21 into one of the holes 20a and 20b, the rotating shaft 12 a can be connected to the shaft 9 or the spare shaft 18 via the intermediate member 20.
- the holes 20a and 20b may be female threads, and the intermediate member 20 may be a male thread.
- the intermediate member 20 is provided so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction with respect to the rotary shaft 12a as the screw shaft 10 advances or retracts.
- the rotating shaft 12a is provided with a convex portion 12b on the outer peripheral surface
- the intermediate member 20 has a hole 20c formed in the longitudinal direction from the base end surface
- the hole 20c has a concave portion 20d that fits into the convex portion 12b. is doing.
- the connecting member 21 includes a switch 21c connected to a pin 21a via a spring 21b, and the pin 21a is inserted into one of the holes 20a and 20b by the operation of the switch 21c. It may be configured.
- the switching unit fixes the auxiliary shaft 18 to the shaft 9 fixed to the rotating shaft 12a of the motor 12 when the traction mechanism 8 fails, thereby rotating the auxiliary shaft 18 and the shaft 9 integrally.
- the switching unit attaches a wedge-shaped fastening member 22 having a pointed end toward the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 9, and the fastening member 22 inward in the radial direction of the shaft 9.
- a biasing member 23 such as a spring for biasing.
- the shaft 9 is fixed to the spare shaft 18 by tightening the outer surface of the shaft 9 inward in the radial direction by the tightening member 22.
- the operator Y determines that the failure of the traction mechanism 8 has occurred and manually operates the coupling mechanisms 151 and 152, but instead, as shown in FIG.
- the manipulator 1 may include a failure detection unit 24 that detects a failure of the traction mechanism 8. By doing in this way, while being able to detect the failure of the traction mechanism 8 more reliably, the burden on the operator Y can be reduced.
- the failure detection unit 24 includes, for example, a curvature sensor 241 that detects a bending angle of the bending unit 5, and a bending angle that is detected by the command signal transmitted from the control device 60 to the motor 12. And a failure determination circuit 242 for comparison.
- the curvature sensor 241 transmits the detected bending angle of the bending portion 5 to the failure determination circuit 242.
- the failure determination circuit 242 receives a command signal output from the control device 60 to the motor 12, and the difference between the bending angle from the curvature sensor 241 and the bending angle defined by the command signal is larger than a predetermined threshold value. Then, it is determined that the traction mechanism 8 to which the motor 12 belongs has failed, and the determination result is transmitted to the control device 60.
- an optical fiber that is disposed in the bending portion 5 in the direction of the axis A and is bent integrally with the bending portion 5 is used.
- cuts are formed in the outer peripheral surface at a plurality of positions in the longitudinal direction, and light leaks from the cuts in a curved state. This amount of light leakage correlates with the bending angle of the optical fiber. Therefore, the bending angle of the bending portion 5 can be detected from the amount of light leakage from the optical fiber.
- a wire sensor or an image sensor may be used.
- the wire sensor includes a detection wire arranged substantially parallel to the wire 7 of the bending mechanism 6, and the bending angle of the bending portion 5 is determined from the amount of movement of the detection wire in the direction of axis A generated by the bending of the bending portion 5.
- the image sensor captures a predetermined marker attached to the treatment instrument 32 with the camera 31, and detects the bending angle of the bending portion 5 from the imaging angle of the marker by analyzing the acquired image.
- the failure detection unit 24 may detect a failure of the traction mechanism 8 using a current sensor or a strain sensor instead of the curvature sensor 241.
- the current sensor detects a current flowing through the motor 12, and the failure determination circuit 242 detects a failure of the traction mechanism 8 when a current sensor detects a current that is too large or too small relative to a current that can flow through the motor 12. Determine.
- the strain sensor measures the stress generated in the shaft 9, and the failure determination circuit 242 detects the stress of the traction mechanism 8 when a stress that is excessive or small with respect to the stress generated in the shaft 9 is detected by the strain sensor. Determine failure.
- the control device 60 receives the determination result from the failure detection unit 24 and operates the coupling mechanisms 151 and 152. Switching the failed traction mechanism 8 to the preliminary traction mechanism 17 may be executed.
- control device 60 may notify the operator Y of the occurrence of a failure when the failure detection unit 24 detects a failure of the traction mechanism 8.
- the notification to the surgeon Y is performed, for example, by displaying a warning on the display unit 82, turning on a lamp, sounding a warning sound, or the like.
- the control device 60 prohibits the control of the manipulator 1 by the operator Y via the input unit 81 or loads the operator Y on the operation of the input unit 81 It is also possible to limit the operation of the manipulator 1 by the operator Y, for example, by causing the operation of the manipulator 1 to be delayed.
- the preliminary traction mechanism 17 is connected to a midway position of the wire 7 via a connecting member (switching unit) 25 as shown in FIG. 3, a spare wire (transmission member) 26 extending to the proximal end side, a spare motor 19 in which a rotating shaft 19 a is arranged to intersect the axis A, and a rotational movement of the spare motor 19 by winding the proximal end portion of the spare wire 26 And a pulley (preliminary power generation unit) 27 for converting the motor into a linear motion in the direction of the axis A, and drives the wire 7 common to the traction mechanism 8.
- the base end of the shaft 9 is directly connected to the rotating shaft 12 a of the motor 12.
- FIG. 12A and 12B show the detailed configuration of the connection member 25.
- the screw shaft 10 has a head portion 10a protruding radially outward at the base end, and the connecting member 25 is a groove in which the head portion 10a fits in the radial direction of the main body 3. 25c.
- the wire 7 is connected to the traction mechanism 8 by fitting the head portion 10a into the groove 25c.
- the wire 7 is cut from the traction mechanism 8 when the head portion 10a is removed from the groove 25c. That is, when the spare wire 26 is pulled, the connecting member 25 is inclined, the head portion 10a is detached from the opening of the groove 25c in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 12B, and the wire 7 is cut from the pulling mechanism 8.
- the spare wire 26 may be wound around the pulley 25b.
- the connection member 25 and the head part 10a can be cut
- the traction mechanism 8 when the traction mechanism 8 fails, the spare wire 26 is connected to the spare motor 19 by the coupling mechanism 15, and the head of the screw shaft 10 is connected from the connecting member 25.
- the bending operation of the bending portion 5 can be returned to a controllable state by the preliminary traction mechanism 17.
- the insertion part 2 can be made into a thin diameter structure.
- the preliminary bending mechanism 16 has the same configuration as the bending mechanism 6 of the first modification, as shown in FIG. 14A. That is, the preliminary bending mechanism 16 includes a preliminary wire (preliminary wire) 26, a preliminary screw shaft (preliminary power transmission unit) 28, a preliminary shaft 18, and a wire 7, a screw shaft 10, a shaft 9, and a motor 12. A spare motor 19 is provided. Similarly to the screw shaft 10, the auxiliary screw shaft 28 is fastened to a female screw 11 a formed in addition to the nut (preliminary power transmission unit) 11. Under normal conditions, the preliminary bending mechanism 16 operates together with the bending mechanism 6 as shown in FIG. 14B.
- the switching control unit 29 that controls connection and disconnection with the head of the portion 10a or the auxiliary screw shaft 28 is provided.
- the switching control unit 29 includes an electromagnetic clutch 29c that connects or disconnects between the pulley 29a around which the wire 25a connected to the connection member 25 is wound and the motor 29b.
- the wire 25a corresponds to the spare wire 26 in FIGS. 13A and 13B.
- FIG. 15A shows a state where the electromagnetic clutch 29c is on and the motor 29b and the pulley 29a are connected
- FIG. 15B shows that the electromagnetic clutch 29c is off and the motor 29b and the pulley 29a are disconnected. It shows the state.
- the pulley 29a is driven by the motor 29b by switching the electromagnetic clutch 29c of the traction mechanism 8 from the OFF state to the ON state.
- the broken traction mechanism 8 can be separated from the wire 7 and the bending operation of the bending portion 5 can be controlled by the preliminary traction mechanism 17 paired with the traction mechanism 8.
- the insertion part 2 can be made into a thin diameter structure.
- the preliminary bending mechanism 16 includes a preliminary wire (a distal end of which is connected to the distal end portion 4 and extends to the proximal end side of the main body portion 3 as shown in FIG.
- a spare wire) 26 and a spare motor (preliminary traction mechanism) 19 are provided.
- the auxiliary motor 19 generates a linear motion in the direction of the axis A and transmits the linear motion to the preliminary wire 26.
- a coupling mechanism 152 that connects and disconnects the spare wire 26 and the spare motor 19 is provided.
- the connecting member 25 and the switching control unit 29 are provided between the wire 7 and the screw shaft 10 as the switching unit.
- the pulley 29a is driven by the motor 29b by switching the electromagnetic clutch 29c of the traction mechanism 8 from the OFF state to the ON state.
- the failed traction mechanism 8 is separated from the wire 7.
- the coupling mechanism 152 by connecting the auxiliary wire 26 and the auxiliary motor 19 by the coupling mechanism 152, the bending operation of the bending portion 5 can be controlled by the auxiliary traction mechanism 17.
- the insertion part 2 can be made into a thin diameter structure.
- the manipulator 1 including the mechanism in which the shaft 9 or the intermediate member 20 moves forward or backward as the screw shaft 10 moves forward or backward has been described, but instead of this mechanism, the shaft 9 may have a length sufficiently longer than the moving amount of the screw shaft 10 and be flexible. Also by using such a shaft 9, the screw shaft 10 can be advanced or retracted. Moreover, in this embodiment and its modification, although the manipulator 1 provided with the camera 31 and the treatment tool 32 was demonstrated, you may abbreviate
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Abstract
Description
一方、湾曲部を、外力に逆らって同一の角度を維持する硬直した状態から、外力に応じて湾曲する柔軟な状態へ切り替えるために、減速機構とワイヤとの間に設けられこれらを分離可能なクラッチが利用されている(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
本発明は、細長い本体部、該本体部の先端側に配置された先端部、および前記本体部と前記先端部との間に設けられた湾曲可能な湾曲部と、前記先端部に接続され前記湾曲部を通って前記本体部まで延びる主線材と、動力を発生する主動力発生部と、前記本体部に設けられ、前記主動力発生部によって発生された前記動力を前記主線材の基端に前記本体部の長手方向の直線運動として伝達する主動力伝達部とを有する複数の主湾曲機構と、各該主湾曲機構と対をなして並列に設けられ、各前記主線材と同一位置または近傍において前記先端部に前記長手方向の押圧力および牽引力を作用させる複数の予備湾曲機構と、対をなす前記主湾曲機構と前記予備湾曲機構とを択一的に作動させる切替部とを備えるマニュピレータを提供する。
このようにすることで、単一の主線材に対して並列に接続された主シャフト部材および予備シャフト部材を同軸に配置することにより、主湾曲機構と共通の主線材を用いて予備湾曲機構によって湾曲部の動作を制御することができ、また、本体部を効果的に細径化することができる。
このようにすることで、主シャフト部材および予備シャフト部材を簡易な構成にすることができる。
このようにすることで、予備湾曲機構を簡易な構成にすることができる。
このようにすることで、予備動力発生部によって発生された直線運動が伝達部材によって主湾曲機構と共通の主線材に伝達される。これにより、主線材と予備線材とを共通化することができる。
このようにすることで、予備湾曲機構に切り替えられた後も主湾曲機構と同様の精度で湾曲部の湾曲動作を制御することができる。
このようにすることで、予備牽引機構を簡易な構成にすることができる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る手術マニピュレータシステム100の概略を示す図である。手術マニピュレータシステム100は、図1に示されるように、患者Xを寝かせるベッド40の周囲に配置されるマニピュレータ1と、該マニピュレータ1に接続される制御装置60と、制御装置60に対しマニピュレータ1の操作信号を入力する操作装置80とを備えている。
制御装置60は、入力部81からの入力に応じて、マニピュレータ1の各部に対して指令信号を出力する。この指令信号に従って、処置具32の出没動作や各関節32aの回転動作が制御され、また、湾曲部5の湾曲動作が制御されるようになっている。
マニピュレータ1は、例えば、患者Xの口腔から体内に挿入される細長い挿入部2を備えている。この挿入部2は、細長い本体部3と、該本体部3の先端側に配置された先端部4と、本体部3と先端部4との間に配置されてこれらを接続する湾曲部5とを備えている。
先端部4は、上述したライト30、カメラ31および処置具32などが搭載される硬質で十分に小型な部分である。
本実施形態に係る手術マニピュレータシステム100を用いて患者Xの術部を処置するには、まず、術者Yは、入力部81を操作してマニピュレータ1を作動させ、湾曲部5の湾曲方向および湾曲角度を変更することによってカメラ31の視野に術部が入るように先端面2aの位置および姿勢を調節する。
ワイヤセンサは、湾曲機構6のワイヤ7と略平行に配置された検出用ワイヤを備え、湾曲部5の湾曲によって発生する検出用ワイヤの軸A方向の移動量から、湾曲部5の湾曲角度を検出する。
画像センサは、処置具32に付された所定のマーカをカメラ31によって撮影し、取得された映像を解析することによって、マーカの撮影角度から湾曲部5の湾曲角度を検出する。
電流センサは、モータ12に流れる電流を検出し、故障判定回路242は、正常時にモータ12に流れ得る電流に対して過大または過小な電流が電流センサによって検出された場合に、牽引機構8の故障を判定する。
歪みセンサは、シャフト9に発生する応力を測定し、故障判定回路242は、正常時にシャフト9に発生する応力に対して過大または過小な応力が歪みセンサによって検出された場合に、牽引機構8の故障を判定する。
術者Yへの報知は、例えば、表示部82への警告表示、ランプの点灯、警告音の鳴動などによって行われる。制御装置60は、これらの報知に代えて、またはこれに加えて、入力部81を介した術者Yによるマニピュレータ1の制御を禁止したり、術者Yによる入力部81の操作に対して負荷を発生させてマニピュレータ1の動作を遅くしたりするなど、術者Yによるマニピュレータ1の操作に対して制限を加えてもよい。
本実施形態の第1の変形例に係るマニピュレータ1において、予備牽引機構17は、図11に示されるように、接続部材(切替部)25を介してワイヤ7の途中位置に接続されて本体部3の基端側へ延びる予備ワイヤ(伝達部材)26と、回転軸19aが軸Aに交差して配置された予備モータ19と、予備ワイヤ26の基端部が巻かれ予備モータ19の回転運動を軸A方向の直線運動に変換するプーリ(予備動力発生部)27とを備え、牽引機構8と共通のワイヤ7を駆動する。シャフト9の基端は、モータ12の回転軸12aに直接連結されている。
本実施形態の第2の変形例に係るマニピュレータ1において、予備湾曲機構16は、図14Aに示されるように、第1の変形例の湾曲機構6と同一の構成を備えている。すなわち、予備湾曲機構16は、ワイヤ7、ねじ軸10、シャフト9およびモータ12と並列に設けられた、予備ワイヤ(予備線材)26、予備ねじ軸(予備動力伝達部)28、予備シャフト18および予備モータ19を備えている。予備ねじ軸28は、ねじ軸10と同様に、ナット(予備動力伝達部)11に追加して形成された雌ねじ11aに締結されている。通常時において、予備湾曲機構16は、図14Bに示されるように、湾曲機構6と共に作動する。
本実施形態の第3の変形例に係るマニピュレータ1において、予備湾曲機構16は、図16に示されるように、先端部4に先端が接続されて本体部3の基端側まで延びる予備ワイヤ(予備線材)26と、予備モータ(予備牽引機構)19とを備えている。本変形例において、予備モータ19は、軸A方向の直線運動を発生させて該直線運動を予備ワイヤ26に伝達する。予備ワイヤ26と予備モータ19との間には、これらを接続および切断する結合機構152が設けられている。
このように構成された本変形例に係るマニピュレータ1によれば、牽引機構8が故障した場合に、当該牽引機構8の電磁クラッチ29cをオフ状態からオン状態に切り替えることにより、モータ29bによってプーリ29aを回転させ、ワイヤ25aを牽引する。これにより、故障した牽引機構8をワイヤ7から分離する。そして、結合機構152によって予備ワイヤ26と予備モータ19とを接続することにより、予備牽引機構17によって湾曲部5の湾曲動作を制御することができる。また、挿入部2の内部に収容される部材はいずれも細径であるので、挿入部2を細径な構造とすることができる。
また、本実施形態およびその変形例においては、カメラ31および処置具32を備えるマニピュレータ1について説明したが、必要に応じてカメラ31を省略してもよい。
2 挿入部
3 本体部
4 先端部
5 湾曲部
5a 節輪
6 湾曲機構(主湾曲機構)
7 ワイヤ(主線材)
8 牽引機構
9 シャフト(主シャフト部材、主動力伝達部)
10 ねじ軸(動力変換部材、主動力伝達部)
11 ナット(動力変換部材、主動力伝達部、予備動力伝達部)
12 モータ(主動力発生部)
12a 回転軸
131 駆動プーリ
131a 回転軸
132 従動プーリ
14 ベルト
151,152 結合機構(切替部)
16 予備湾曲機構
17 予備牽引機構
18 予備シャフト
19 予備モータ(予備動力発生部)
19a 回転軸
20 中間部材(切替部)
21 連結部材(切替部)
22 締付部材(切替部)
23 付勢部材(切替部)
24 故障検出部
241 曲率センサ
242 故障判定回路
25 接続部材(切替部)
25c 溝
25b プーリ
26 予備ワイヤ(伝達部材、予備線材)
27 プーリ(予備動力発生部)
28 予備ねじ軸(予備動力伝達部)
28 プーリ
29 切替制御部
30 ライト
31 カメラ
32 処置具
32a 関節
40 ベッド
60 制御装置
80 操作装置
81 入力部
82 表示部
100 手術マニピュレータシステム
X 患者
Y 術者
Claims (7)
- 細長い本体部、該本体部の先端側に配置された先端部、および前記本体部と前記先端部との間に設けられた湾曲可能な湾曲部と、
前記先端部に接続され前記湾曲部を通って前記本体部まで延びる主線材と、動力を発生する主動力発生部と、前記本体部に設けられ、前記主動力発生部によって発生された前記動力を前記主線材の基端に前記本体部の長手方向の直線運動として伝達する主動力伝達部とを有する複数の主湾曲機構と、
各該主湾曲機構と対をなして並列に設けられ、各前記主線材と同一位置または近傍において前記先端部に前記長手方向の押圧力および牽引力を作用させる複数の予備湾曲機構と、
対をなす前記主湾曲機構と前記予備湾曲機構とを択一的に作動させる切替部とを備えるマニュピレータ。 - 前記主動力伝達部が、前記主動力発生部によって発生された前記動力によってその中心軸回りに回転させられる主シャフト部材と、該主シャフト部材の回転運動を前記長手方向の直線運動に変換するとともに前記主線材の基端部に連結される動力変換部材とを備え、
前記予備湾曲機構が、前記主シャフト部材と同軸に配置されて前記動力変換部材に接続された予備シャフト部材と、該予備シャフト部材を回転させる予備動力発生部とを備える請求項1に記載のマニュピレータ。 - 前記主シャフト部材が、前記長手方向に沿って配置された筒状の部材からなり、
前記予備シャフト部材が、前記主シャフト部材の内部に収容されたワイヤ状の部材からなる請求項2に記載のマニュピレータ。 - 前記予備湾曲機構が、前記主線材の近傍において前記先端部に接続されて基端側に延びる予備線材と、該予備線材に前記長手方向の直線運動を伝達する予備牽引機構とを備える請求項1に記載のマニュピレータ。
- 前記予備牽引機構が、前記長手方向の直線運動を発生する予備動力発生部と、前記主線材に接続され前記予備動力発生部によって発生された直線運動を前記主線材に伝達する伝達部材とを備える請求項4に記載のマニュピレータ。
- 前記予備牽引機構が、前記主湾曲機構の前記主動力発生部および前記主動力伝達部と並列に設けられた、動力を発生する予備動力発生部および該予備動力発生部によって発生された前記動力を前記予備線材の基端に前記長手方向の直線運動として伝達する予備動力伝達部を備える請求項4に記載のマニュピレータ。
- 前記予備牽引機構が、前記予備線材の基端に接続され、前記長手方向の直線運動を発生して該直線運動を前記予備線材に伝達する予備動力発生部を備える請求項4に記載のマニュピレータ。
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JP2015506619A JP6188787B2 (ja) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-01-10 | マニピュレータ |
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Also Published As
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JP6188787B2 (ja) | 2017-08-30 |
US20150367508A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
CN105073057B (zh) | 2017-07-04 |
US9550293B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
CN105073057A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
EP2977150A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2977150A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
JPWO2014148068A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP2977150B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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