WO2014126077A1 - 固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014126077A1 WO2014126077A1 PCT/JP2014/053122 JP2014053122W WO2014126077A1 WO 2014126077 A1 WO2014126077 A1 WO 2014126077A1 JP 2014053122 W JP2014053122 W JP 2014053122W WO 2014126077 A1 WO2014126077 A1 WO 2014126077A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8842—Coating using a catalyst salt precursor in solution followed by evaporation and reduction of the precursor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a catalyst useful for use in a cathode (air electrode) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- Solid polymer fuel cells have the advantage of low operating temperature and compactness compared to other types of fuel cells, and from these advantages, they are promising as power sources for homes and automobiles.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a laminated structure including a hydrogen electrode and an air electrode, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between these electrodes.
- a hydrogen-containing fuel is supplied to the hydrogen electrode, and oxygen or air is supplied to the air electrode, and electric power is taken out by oxidation and reduction reactions that occur at each electrode.
- a mixture of a catalyst and a solid electrolyte for promoting an electrochemical reaction is generally applied to both electrodes.
- a platinum catalyst supporting a noble metal, particularly platinum, as a catalyst metal has been widely used. This is because platinum as a catalyst metal has high activity in promoting the electrode reaction in both the fuel electrode and the hydrogen electrode.
- the characteristics required for the practical application of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell include durability, that is, a sustained characteristic of catalytic activity, in addition to good initial activity.
- the catalyst cannot avoid a decrease in activity (deactivation) that occurs with the passage of time, it can be said that increasing the time until deactivation is essential for the practical use of fuel cells.
- the cathode catalyst of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is used under severe conditions such as being exposed to a strong acidic atmosphere at a relatively high temperature of about 80 ° C. and being subjected to a high potential load. Improvement has been a major issue for practical application.
- the present invention provides an alloy catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell obtained by alloying platinum and another metal with excellent initial activity and improved durability.
- the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in which catalyst particles comprising platinum, cobalt, and manganese are supported on a carbon powder carrier, wherein the catalyst particles are composed of platinum, cobalt, and manganese.
- the present invention is a ternary catalyst based on a Pt—Co catalyst having relatively excellent initial activity and manganese added thereto.
- the metal phase is characterized in that the Co—Mn alloy phase is limited to a certain amount or less and a water repellent composed of a fluorine compound is contained.
- the catalyst according to the present invention will be described together with these characteristics.
- composition ratio of cobalt and manganese is required to be added to some extent, but excessive addition reduces the activity. If the composition ratio of cobalt and manganese deviates from the above range, the composition ratio needs to be set because the activity is equal to or less than that of the conventional Pt—Co catalyst.
- manganese is added, it does not suffice, but it is required to be in a predetermined form in relation to other constituent elements (platinum, cobalt) constituting the catalyst particles. That is, as the metal phase constituting the catalyst particles in the Pt—Co—Mn ternary catalyst, although the Pt phase may partially remain, the alloy phase in which the respective metals are basically alloyed with each other. Is the subject. As this alloy phase, a Mn—Pt alloy phase (MnPt 3 ), a Co—Pt alloy phase (CoPt 3 ), and a Mn—Co alloy phase (MnCo) can be considered. The types and abundances of these alloy phases are considered to differ depending on the catalyst production process.
- MnPt 3 Mn—Pt alloy phase
- CoPt alloy phase CoPt alloy phase
- MnCo Mn—Co alloy phase
- the present inventors examined the influence of each alloy phase on the catalyst activity.
- the initial activity is greatly reduced and the effect of adding manganese disappears.
- the active species of the Pt—Co—Mn ternary catalyst are Mn—Pt alloy phase and Co—Pt alloy phase, and the added Mn and Co are not alloyed with Pt. This is probably because when the Mn—Co alloy phase is formed, the active species are hardly formed.
- the peak intensity of the Co—Mn alloy in the X-ray diffraction analysis of the catalyst particles is regulated.
- the reason why the peak ratio indicating the abundance of the Mn—Co alloy phase is 0.15 or less is that, as described above, the Mn—Co alloy phase has an unfavorable effect on the catalyst activity. This is to clarify the upper limit. Therefore, this peak ratio may be zero, and is rather preferable.
- the Mn—Pt alloy phase (MnPt 3 ) and the Co—Pt alloy phase (CoPt 3 ) are formed as much as the Mn—Co alloy phase is reduced as described above.
- the peaks derived from these two alloy phases are the synthesis of the peak of the Mn—Pt alloy phase and the peak of the Co—Pt alloy phase and are difficult to separate. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the composite peak intensity as confirmation of the formation of these alloy phases.
- a preferable upper limit of the peak intensity ratio is about 0.23.
- the setting of the composition ratio of platinum, cobalt, and manganese and the regulation of the Mn—Co alloy phase described above contribute to the improvement of the initial activity of the catalyst.
- the improvement of the initial activity is the first priority in improving the catalyst characteristics. By increasing the initial activity, the activity can be maintained even for a long time use. However, it is not possible to make a catalyst excellent in durability only by improving the initial activity, and ensuring the durability is achieved by suppressing a decrease in activity over time.
- the present inventors paid attention to deterioration due to elution of metals (platinum, cobalt, manganese) constituting the catalyst particles among them.
- This deterioration mechanism is disappearance due to electrochemical dissolution of each metal mediated by water produced in the fuel cell reaction on the cathode side.
- the catalyst on the cathode side is exposed to an atmosphere such as a high temperature, an acidic atmosphere, and a high potential load.
- an atmosphere such as a high temperature, an acidic atmosphere, and a high potential load.
- a water repellent layer made of a fluorine compound having a C—F bond is formed on the surface of the catalyst particles. It is known that a fluorine compound having a high bonding strength called C—F bond has high stability and has unique properties such as water repellency.
- a water repellent layer made of this fluorine compound is formed on the catalyst, the generated water is quickly discharged from the surface of the catalyst particles, and the decrease in activity is prevented by suppressing the dissolution of the catalyst metal mediated by water. Yes.
- fluorine compound constituting the water-repellent layer examples include a fluororesin that is a water-repellent polymer material and a fluorine-based surfactant.
- a fluororesin that is a water-repellent polymer material
- a fluorine-based surfactant for example, known as Teflon (registered trademark), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoro Known as ethylene / ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluorosulfonic acid polymer known as Nafion (registered trademark), fluorinated acrylate
- PFBS perfluorobutane
- the amount of the fluorine compound that forms the water repellent layer is preferably 3 to 20% by mass based on the mass of the entire catalyst. This is because if it is less than 3% by mass, there is no effect, while if it exceeds 20% by mass, the original function of promoting the electrode reaction cannot be exhibited. More preferably, it is 8 to 20% by mass.
- the water repellent layer need not be formed on the entire surface of all catalyst particles, and may be a partial layer. Further, it may be formed only on the catalyst particles, but even if a fluorine compound is supported on the carrier, the catalyst activity is not affected.
- the catalyst particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 2 to 20 nm. This is because if it is less than 2 nm, long-term activity sustainability cannot be clearly obtained, and if it exceeds 20 nm, the initial activity of the catalyst cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the carbon powder as the carrier is preferably a carbon powder having a specific surface area of 250 to 1200 m 2 / g. By setting it to 250 m 2 / g or more, the area to which the catalyst adheres can be increased, so that the catalyst particles can be dispersed in a high state and the effective surface area can be increased.
- the electrode On the other hand, if it exceeds 1200 m 2 / g, the electrode This is because the proportion of ultra-fine pores (less than about 20 mm) in which the ion exchange resin is difficult to enter during the formation increases and the utilization efficiency of the catalyst particles decreases.
- the catalyst according to the present invention preferably has a catalyst particle loading density of 30 to 70% in consideration of the performance as an electrode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the loading density refers to the ratio of the mass of catalyst particles supported on the carrier (the total mass of platinum, cobalt, and manganese supported) to the total mass of the catalyst.
- the basic process is in accordance with a general method for producing an alloy catalyst.
- a metal that becomes catalyst particles is supported on a support, and is appropriately dried and then heat-treated to form an alloy of the supported metal. I do.
- the catalyst according to the present invention is required to suppress the excessive formation of the Mn—Co alloy phase in the catalyst particles.
- the catalyst metal loading step in the catalyst metal loading step, first, it is essential to prepare a catalyst on which only platinum is supported and to support cobalt and manganese on this catalyst.
- For supporting the catalyst metal it is general and efficient to simultaneously support the constituent metal on the support (see the example of Patent Document 1). In such simultaneous support, the Mn—Co alloy phase is formed. It is formed exceeding the specified value of the present invention.
- the platinum catalyst is first prepared (manufactured) and the formation of the Mn-Co alloy phase is suppressed by supporting cobalt and manganese separately, it is not clear, but by doing so, platinum, cobalt, platinum and This is considered to be because alloying with manganese is facilitated and formation of the Mn—Pt alloy phase (MnPt 3 ) and the Co—Pt alloy phase (CoPt 3 ) is given priority.
- a conventional platinum catalyst manufacturing method may be prepared.
- a commercially available platinum catalyst may be used.
- a platinum catalyst is produced by bringing a platinum salt solution into contact with a support (impregnation, dropping) and then reducing treatment to form platinum particles.
- ⁇ Cobalt and manganese are supported on the platinum catalyst by a general method.
- a metal salt solution of cobalt and manganese is brought into contact with the platinum catalyst, and reduction treatment is performed to deposit cobalt and manganese in a metal state in the vicinity of the platinum particles.
- As the metal salt solution of cobalt cobalt chloride hexahydrate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, etc. can be used.
- As the metal salt solution of manganese manganese chloride tetrahydrate, manganese nitrate hexahydrate, acetic acid Manganese tetrahydrate can be used.
- the order of contact between the platinum catalyst and the metal salt solution at this time is not particularly limited, and any one of the metal salt solutions may be contacted first, or a mixed solution of cobalt and manganese metal salt solutions.
- a platinum catalyst may be contacted.
- the concentration and amount of the metal salt solution should be set so that the supported amount of cobalt and manganese is the ratio set within the above-described range of the composition ratio of cobalt and manganese while taking the supported amount of platinum catalyst into consideration. It ’s fine. However, when processing with an oxidizing solution described later, the supported amount of cobalt and manganese is about 1.5 to 5 times for cobalt and about 1.5 to 3 times for manganese with respect to the set composition ratio. Then add it.
- heat treatment is performed to alloy each metal.
- the heat treatment temperature for alloying is set to 700 to 1100 ° C.
- Heat treatment at less than 700 ° C. results in a catalyst having poor activity due to insufficient alloying, particularly the formation of Mn—Pt alloy phase and Co—Pt alloy phase.
- the higher the heat treatment temperature the easier the alloying proceeds and the formation of the Mn—Pt alloy phase and the Co—Pt alloy phase is promoted.
- the heat treatment above 1100 ° C. may cause the catalyst particles to become coarse. And this is the upper limit because it becomes difficult in terms of equipment.
- This heat treatment is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, particularly preferably in a reducing atmosphere (hydrogen gas atmosphere or the like).
- the catalyst that has undergone the above heat treatment process has catalyst particles in which the Mn—Co alloy phase is reduced and the formation of the Mn—Pt alloy phase and the Co—Pt alloy phase is promoted, and the Pt—Co—Mn ternary system having excellent initial activity. It becomes a catalyst.
- the Pt—Co—Mn ternary catalyst produced above is immersed in a fluorine compound solution, and the solvent of the fluorine compound solution is volatilized or removed by evaporation to carry the fluorine compound on the catalyst.
- the fluorine compound solution is obtained by dissolving a fluorine compound in a solvent capable of dissolving the above fluorine compound, and the solvent may be either a fluorine-based solvent or a non-fluorinated solvent.
- the solvent and the amount of the fluorine compound are adjusted so that the fluorine content of the fluorine compound solution becomes equal to the amount of fluorine supported on the catalyst.
- the immersion treatment for supporting the fluorine compound is preferably performed with stirring for 1 to 48 hours.
- the temperature of the fluorine compound solution is 30 to 150 ° C., but is selected according to the type of solvent.
- the fluorine compound solution in which the catalyst is dispersed is heated with a dryer or the like, and held until all the solvent disappears.
- the catalyst according to the present invention can be produced.
- the catalyst before supporting the fluorine compound is preferably brought into contact with the oxidizing solution at least once.
- the ratio of cobalt and manganese is important, but it may be difficult to perform the adjustment only by their supporting steps. Therefore, in the step of supporting cobalt and manganese, it is supported more frequently than planned, and by treating with an oxidizing solution, cobalt and manganese can be eluted to adjust the supported amount.
- oxidizing solution used in this treatment step a solution of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid, chromic acid or the like is preferable.
- concentration of these oxidizing solutions is preferably 0.1 to 1 mol / L, and the catalyst is preferably immersed in the solution.
- the contact time is preferably 1 to 10 hours, and the treatment temperature is preferably 40 to 90 ° C.
- the oxidizing solution treatment may be repeated not only when the catalyst is brought into contact with the oxidizing solution once, but also multiple times. Moreover, when performing acid treatment in multiple times, you may change the kind of solution for every process.
- the polymer solid oxide fuel cell catalyst according to the present invention adopts the form of a ternary catalyst in which manganese is added to the Pt—Co catalyst, and limits the constituent ratio of cobalt and manganese. Furthermore, by specifying the alloy phase in the catalyst particles, the initial activity is excellent. And by forming the water-repellent layer made of a fluorine compound at least on the surface of the catalyst particles, the electrochemical dissolution of the catalyst metal can be suppressed to ensure the durability.
- [Supporting catalytic metal] A commercially available platinum catalyst was prepared and loaded with cobalt and manganese.
- As the platinum catalyst 5 g (2.325 g (11.92 mmol) of platinum catalyst in terms of platinum) of 46.5% by mass of platinum supported on a fine carbon powder (specific surface area of about 900 m 2 / g) was prepared.
- the catalyst was immersed in a metal salt solution in which cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O) and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O) were dissolved in 100 mL of ion-exchanged water, and stirred with a magnetic stirrer.
- the catalyst carrying the catalyst metal was subjected to heat treatment for alloying.
- the heat treatment was performed in 100% hydrogen gas at a heat treatment temperature of 900 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the catalyst after alloying heat treatment was treated with an oxidizing solution.
- the catalyst after the heat treatment was treated in a 0.2 mol / L sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 2 hours, followed by filtration, washing and drying. Thereafter, it was treated in a 1.0 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution (dissolved oxygen content 0.01 cm 3 / cm 3 (STP conversion)) at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, followed by filtration, washing and drying.
- Example 2 A commercially available fluorinated ethylene propylene resin (trade name: Teflon (registered trademark) FEP-120J: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the fluorine compound solution.
- FEP-120J sold by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd.
- 3.4 g of the catalyst was immersed in the fluorine compound solution and stirred overnight at 60 ° C., then kept at 60 ° C. in a dryer, and evaporated until the solvent was completely removed. Then heated for 30 minutes in N 2 340 ° C..
- a catalyst having a water repellent layer in which a fluorine compound was supported on the catalyst was produced.
- Comparative Example 1 As a comparative example for Example 1, a conventional Pt—Co catalyst without addition of manganese was produced. In this comparative example, the platinum catalyst was immersed in a solution containing only a cobalt salt.
- a Pt—Co—Mn ternary catalyst was produced by simultaneously loading platinum, cobalt, and manganese.
- 5 g of a carbon support (specific surface area of about 900 m 2 / g) is prepared, and this is added to a predetermined amount of Pt dinitrodiamine nitric acid solution (Pt (NO 2 ) 2 (NH 3 ) 2 ), cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O).
- Pt (NO 2 ) 2 (NH 3 ) 2 ) Pt dinitrodiamine nitric acid solution
- CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O cobalt chloride
- manganese chloride (MnCl 2 .4H 2 O) was immersed in a metal salt solution dissolved in 100 mL of ion-exchanged water, and stirred with a magnetic stirrer.
- the ratio of platinum, cobalt, and manganese in the catalyst particles was measured, and the amount of the fluorine compound supported was measured for the catalyst (Example 1) treated with the fluorine compound solution. These measurements were performed based on ICP analysis of the catalyst, the mass ratio of each metal and carbon support, and the measured values.
- X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on each catalyst, and the structure of the catalyst particles was examined.
- JDX-8030 manufactured by JEOL was used as the X-ray diffractometer. The sample is made into a fine powder form and placed in a glass cell.
- Cu (k ⁇ ray) as an X-ray source, tube voltage 40 kV, tube current 30 mA, 2 ⁇ 20 to 90 °, scan speed 7 ° / min, step angle 0.1 Performed at °.
- the Pt—Co—Mn ternary catalysts of Examples and Reference Examples all exhibit good initial activity when based on the Pt—Co catalyst of Comparative Example 1. This is thought to be due to the addition of manganese and the proper composition of the catalyst particles (the amount of Co—Mn phase produced). Comparing the examples with the reference examples, the examples supporting the fluorine compound are slightly superior in initial activity, but there is no great difference. When a large amount of Co—Mn phase was generated as in Comparative Example 2, it was confirmed that the initial activity was inferior to that of the Pt—Co catalyst (Comparative Example 1).
- a durability test for durability evaluation was performed.
- a cathode electrode air electrode
- an accelerated deterioration test was performed in which the cathode cell potential was swept with a triangular wave, and the power generation characteristics after deterioration were measured.
- Accelerated degradation is performed by sweeping between 650-1050 mV at a sweep rate of 40 mV / s for 20 hours to clean the catalyst particle surface, and then between 650-1050 mV at a sweep rate of 100 mV / s for 20, 40, 68 hours. Sweeped and deteriorated.
- Mass Activity was measured about the catalyst after deterioration on each condition. The evaluation results after this accelerated deterioration test are shown in Table 2.
- Second Embodiment Here, in the same process as in the first embodiment, the amount of the fluorine compound supported was changed to produce a catalyst, and the initial activity was evaluated. The amount of the fluorine compound supported was changed by adjusting the amount of the fluorine resin material dissolved in the solvent with respect to the fluorine compound solution. Other processing conditions are the same as those in the first embodiment. And Mass Activity was measured similarly to 1st Embodiment. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the present invention as an electrode catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, it is possible to improve durability while improving initial power generation characteristics.
- the present invention contributes to the widespread use of fuel cells, and as a basis for solving environmental problems.
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Abstract
Description
市販の白金触媒を用意しこれにコバルト、マンガンを担持した。白金触媒は、炭素微粉末(比表面積約900m2/g)を担体とする白金担持率46.5質量%の白金触媒を5g(白金換算で2.325g(11.92mmol)用意した。この白金触媒を、塩化コバルト(CoCl2・6H2O)と塩化マンガン(MnCl2・4H2O)をイオン交換水100mLに溶解させた金属塩溶液に浸漬し、マグネティックスターラーにて攪拌した。そして、この溶液に濃度1質量%の水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(SBH)溶液500mLを滴下し攪拌して還元処理し、白金触媒にコバルト、マンガンを担持した。その後、ろ過・洗浄・乾燥した。
触媒金属を担持した触媒について合金化のための熱処理を行った。本実施形態では、100%水素ガス中で熱処理温度を900℃として30分の熱処理を行った。
合金化熱処理後の触媒について酸化性溶液処理を行った。この処理は、熱処理後の触媒を、0.2mol/Lの硫酸水溶液中80℃にて2時間処理した後、濾過・洗浄・乾燥した。その後1.0mol/Lの硝酸水溶液(溶存酸素量0.01cm3/cm3(STP換算))中70℃にて2時間処理した後、濾過・洗浄・乾燥した。
そして、製造したPt-Co-Mn3元系触媒について、フッ素化合物溶液にて処理して撥水層を形成した。フッ素化合物溶液として市販のフッ素樹脂材料(商品名:EGC-1700、住友スリーエム(株)製、フッ素樹脂含有量1~3%))20mLを、溶剤であるハイドロフルオロエーテル(商品名:HFE-7100:住友スリーエム(株)製)20mLに溶解させたものを使用した。この処理では、触媒5gを上記フッ素化合物溶液に浸漬して60℃で5時間攪拌した後、乾燥機にて60℃で保持し、溶剤が完全になくなるまで蒸発させた。この処理により、フッ素化合物が触媒に担持され撥水層を有する触媒が製造された(実施例1)。
Claims (9)
- 白金、コバルト、マンガンからなる触媒粒子が炭素粉末担体上に担持されてなる固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒において、
前記触媒粒子は、白金、コバルト、マンガンの構成比(モル比)が、Pt:Co:Mn=1:0.06~0.39:0.04~0.33であり、
前記触媒粒子についてのX線回折分析において、2θ=27°近傍に現れるCo-Mn合金のピーク強度比が、2θ=40°近傍に現れるメインピークを基準として0.15以下であり、
更に、少なくとも触媒粒子の表面に、C-F結合を有するフッ素化合物が担持されていることを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。 - 触媒全体の質量を基準として、3~20質量%のフッ素化合物が担持されている請求項1記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。
- フッ素化合物は、フッ素樹脂、フッ素系界面活性剤である請求項1又は請求項2記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。
- 触媒粒子についてのX線回折分析において、2θ=32°近傍に現れるCoPt3合金のピーク及びMnPt3合金のピーク比が、2θ=40°近傍に現れるメインピークを基準として0.13以上である請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒。
- 触媒粒子の担持密度は、30~70%である請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用の触媒。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法であって、
炭素粉末担体上に白金粒子が担持されてなる白金触媒に、コバルト及びマンガンを担持する工程と、
前記担持工程によりコバルト及びマンガンが担持された白金触媒を700~1100℃で熱処理する工程と、
前記熱処理工程後の触媒と、フッ素化合物を含む溶液とを接触させて前記触媒にフッ素化合物からなる撥水層を形成する工程と、
含む固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。 - 熱処理後の触媒を少なくとも1回酸化性溶液に接触させ、触媒粒子表面のコバルト及びマンガンを溶出させる工程を含む請求項6記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 酸化性溶液は、硫酸、硝酸、亜リン酸、過マンガン酸カリウム、過酸化水素、塩酸、塩素酸、次亜塩素酸、クロム酸である請求項7記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
- 酸化性溶液との接触処理は、処理温度を40~90℃とし、接触時間を1~10時間とする請求項7又は請求項8記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒の製造方法。
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