WO2014112652A1 - 画像生成装置、欠陥検査装置および欠陥検査方法 - Google Patents
画像生成装置、欠陥検査装置および欠陥検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image generation apparatus that generates image data for inspecting defects in a sheet-like molded body such as a polarizing film and a retardation film, a defect inspection apparatus including the image generation apparatus, and a defect inspection method.
- a defect inspection apparatus inspects defects in a sheet-like molded body such as a polarizing film and a retardation film using a one-dimensional camera called a line sensor.
- the defect inspection apparatus uses a line sensor from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the surface of the sheet-shaped molded body along the longitudinal direction of the sheet-shaped molded body with the sheet-shaped molded body illuminated by a linear light source such as a fluorescent tube.
- a plurality of one-dimensional image data (still image data) is acquired while scanning.
- two-dimensional image data is generated by spreading a plurality of one-dimensional image data in order of acquisition time, and a defect of the sheet-like molded body is inspected based on the two-dimensional image data.
- the one-dimensional image data acquired by the line sensor usually includes a linear light source image.
- the linear light source image is emitted from the linear light source and regularly reflected by the sheet-shaped molded body. It is an image of light that has reached.
- the linear light source image is emitted from the linear light source and transmitted through the sheet-shaped molded body to reach the line sensor. It is an image of light.
- the defect inspection apparatus when the width of the sheet-like molded body is wide, a plurality of line sensors are arranged in the width direction so that the entire width direction of the sheet-like molded body can be inspected.
- a defect in a sheet-like molded body is inspected based on two-dimensional image data generated by spreading a plurality of one-dimensional image data.
- the positional relationship between the inspection target pixel and the linear light source image in the one-dimensional image data is one predetermined positional relationship.
- the defect may appear on the one-dimensional image data only when the positional relationship between the pixel to be inspected (target pixel) and the linear light source image is in a specific positional relationship. For example, bubbles that are one type of defect often appear on the one-dimensional image data only when they are at or near the periphery of the linear light source image. Thus, the defect may not be detected depending on the position. Therefore, the conventional defect inspection apparatus that inspects defects in a sheet-like molded body using two-dimensional image data composed of a plurality of one-dimensional image data acquired by a line sensor has only a limited defect detection capability. do not have.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-218629 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-122192 (Patent Document 2) describe a sheet-like molded body such as a fluorescent tube. While illuminating with a linear light source and continuously conveying the sheet-shaped molded body in a predetermined conveyance direction, two-dimensional image data (moving image data) is acquired using a two-dimensional camera called an area sensor. An apparatus for inspecting a defect of a sheet-like molded body based on data is disclosed.
- the defect inspection apparatus disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 it is determined whether or not there is a defect based on a plurality of two-dimensional image data in which the positional relationship between the inspection target pixel and the linear light source image is different. Therefore, the defect can be detected more reliably than the conventional defect inspection apparatus using the line sensor. Therefore, the defect inspection apparatus using the area sensor disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 has improved defect detection capability as compared to the conventional defect inspection apparatus using the line sensor.
- the defect inspection apparatus using the area sensor disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 needs to process two-dimensional image data with a large amount of information.
- the defect position and the like are analyzed in an image analysis unit realized by a personal computer (PC) for the two-dimensional image data output from the area sensor, but the two-dimensional image data has a large amount of information.
- the analysis processing time of the two-dimensional image data by the image analysis unit tends to be long.
- the conveyance speed of the sheet-like molded body is controlled according to the analysis processing speed of the two-dimensional image data by the image analysis unit. If the analysis processing speed of the image analysis unit for two-dimensional image data with a large amount of information is slow, it is necessary to reduce the conveyance speed of the sheet-like molded body, and the inspection efficiency is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to increase the speed of image processing by an image analysis unit while maintaining high defect detection capability in an image generation apparatus that generates image data for inspecting defects in a sheet-like molded body.
- An image generation apparatus capable of improving inspection efficiency, a defect inspection apparatus including the image generation apparatus, and a defect inspection method are provided.
- the present invention is an image generation apparatus for generating image data for inspecting a defect of a sheet-like molded body, A transport unit for transporting the sheet-shaped molded body in the longitudinal direction of the sheet-shaped molded body; A light source that linearly extends in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sheet-like molded body, and that irradiates the sheet-like molded body with light by the light source; An imaging unit that performs an imaging operation on the sheet-like molded body being conveyed by the conveyance unit to generate two-dimensional image data representing a two-dimensional image; A feature amount calculation unit that calculates a feature amount of each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data based on a luminance value of each pixel by one or a plurality of algorithm processes; Each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data is classified into a defective pixel whose feature value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value and a residual pixel whose feature value is less than the threshold value.
- a processing image data generation unit for generating image data Based on the processed image data, for each pixel, to acquire defect information about defects in the sheet-like molded body, a defect information acquisition unit that generates a defect information storage bit string in which the acquired defect information is stored, An analysis image data generation unit that generates analysis image data including an analysis bit string obtained by adding the defect information storage bit string to the gradation information storage bit string of the processed image data for each pixel; An image generation apparatus is provided.
- the defect information can include defect type information indicating a type of defect in the sheet-like molded body.
- the feature amount calculation unit calculates the feature amount by a plurality of algorithm processes
- the defect information acquisition unit determines whether the gradation information of the gradation information storage bit string for each pixel is gradation information corresponding to the feature amount calculated by any one of the plurality of algorithm processes.
- the defect information including the defect type information is acquired based on the defect type information.
- the present invention also provides the image generation apparatus, By performing a predetermined image analysis using information stored in the analysis bit string that constitutes the analysis image data generated by the analysis image data generation unit of the image generation device, defects in the sheet-like molded body are removed.
- the present invention is a defect inspection method for inspecting a defect of a sheet-like molded body, A transporting step of transporting the sheet-shaped molded body in the longitudinal direction of the sheet-shaped molded body; A light irradiating step of irradiating light to the conveyed sheet-shaped molded body by a light source extending linearly in a width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sheet-shaped molded body; An imaging step of performing an imaging operation on the sheet-like molded body being conveyed to generate two-dimensional image data representing a two-dimensional image; A feature amount calculating step of calculating a feature amount of each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data based on a luminance value of each pixel by one or a plurality of algorithm processes; Each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data is classified into a defective pixel whose feature value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value and a residual pixel whose feature value is less than the threshold value.
- Processing image data generation step for generating image data Based on the processed image data, for each pixel, to acquire defect information about defects in the sheet-like molded body, and to generate a defect information storage bit string in which the acquired defect information is stored, and a defect information acquisition step, An analysis image data generation step for generating analysis image data composed of an analysis bit string obtained by adding the defect information storage bit string to the gradation information storage bit string of the processed image data for each pixel; By using the information stored in the analysis bit string constituting the analysis image data, by performing a predetermined image analysis, an image analysis step of detecting defects in the sheet-like molded body, A defect inspection method including
- the image generation apparatus is an apparatus that generates image data for inspecting a defect in a sheet-like molded body, and includes a conveyance unit, a light irradiation unit, an imaging unit, a feature amount calculation unit, and processed image data generation.
- the imaging unit performs an imaging operation on the sheet-like molded body conveyed by the conveyance unit while being irradiated with light by the light irradiation unit, and generates two-dimensional image data representing a two-dimensional image.
- the feature amount calculation unit calculates the feature amount based on the luminance value of each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data by processing the two-dimensional image data with a predetermined algorithm.
- the processed image data generation unit distinguishes each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data into a defective pixel whose feature value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value and a residual pixel whose feature value is less than the threshold value,
- the defective pixel is composed of a gradation information storage bit string in which gradation information representing gradation values corresponding to the feature amount is stored, and the remaining pixels are levels in which gradation information representing zero gradation values is stored.
- Processed image data including a key information storage bit string is generated.
- the defect information acquisition unit acquires defect information, which is information about defects in the sheet-like molded body, for each pixel based on the processed image data, and generates a defect information storage bit string in which the acquired defect information is stored To do.
- the analysis image data generation unit adds, for each pixel, the defect information storage bit string generated by the defect information acquisition unit to the gradation information storage bit string of the processed image data, and from the analysis bit string thus obtained Image data for analysis is generated.
- the analysis is image data for inspecting a defect of the sheet-shaped molded body based on the two-dimensional image data of the sheet-shaped molded body generated by the imaging unit. Since the image data is generated, it is possible to maintain a high defect detection capability as compared with the case where image data for inspecting defects is generated based on, for example, a plurality of one-dimensional image data by a line sensor.
- the two-dimensional image data with a large amount of information output from the imaging unit is converted into processed image data in which each pixel is configured by a gradation information storage bit string, and further, gradation information It is converted into analysis image data in which each pixel is composed of an analysis bit string in which a defect information storage bit string is added to the storage bit string.
- the image generation apparatus generates the analysis image data in which each pixel is configured by the analysis bit string converted from the two-dimensional image data in this way as image data for inspecting a defect of the sheet-like molded body. Therefore, by performing image analysis using the image data for analysis, it is possible to increase the speed of the image analysis and improve the efficiency of defect inspection.
- the defect information acquired by the defect information acquisition unit based on the processed image data can include defect type information indicating the type of defect in the sheet-like molded body.
- the image generation apparatus can acquire information on the type of defect in the sheet-like molded body based on the defect type information.
- the feature amount calculation unit calculates the feature amount by a plurality of algorithm processes. Then, the defect information acquisition unit is based on whether the gradation information of the gradation information storage bit string for each pixel is the gradation information corresponding to the feature amount calculated by any one of the plurality of algorithm processes. Thus, defect information including defect type information can be acquired.
- a defect inspection apparatus includes the image generation apparatus according to the present invention and an image analysis apparatus.
- the image analysis apparatus performs sheet image forming by performing predetermined image analysis using information stored in the analysis bit string that constitutes the analysis image data generated by the analysis image data generation unit of the image generation apparatus. Detect body defects. As a result, the speed of image analysis by the image analysis apparatus can be increased, and the efficiency of defect inspection can be improved.
- the defect inspection method includes a transport process, a light irradiation process, an imaging process, a feature amount calculation process, a processed image data generation process, a defect information acquisition process, an analysis image data generation process, and an image analysis process.
- a transport process a transport process
- a light irradiation process an imaging process
- a feature amount calculation process a processed image data generation process
- a defect information acquisition process an analysis image data generation process
- an image analysis process generation process
- an image analysis image data generation process includes an image analysis process.
- each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data is classified into a defective pixel whose feature amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value and a remaining pixel whose feature amount is less than the threshold value.
- Gradation information storing a gradation information storage bit string in which gradation information representing gradation values corresponding to the feature amount is stored for pixels, and gradation information representing zero gradation values for the remaining pixels.
- Processed image data composed of stored bit strings is generated.
- defect information acquisition step defect information that is information about defects in the sheet-like molded body is acquired for each pixel based on the processed image data, and a defect information storage bit string in which the acquired defect information is stored is generated. To do.
- the defect information storage bit string is added to the gradation information storage bit string of the processed image data, and the analysis image data configured by the analysis bit string obtained as described above is added. Generate. Then, in the image analysis step, a defect of the sheet-like molded body is detected by performing a predetermined image analysis using information stored in the analysis bit string constituting the analysis image data.
- the defect detection of the sheet-shaped molded body is performed based on the two-dimensional image data of the sheet-shaped molded body generated in the imaging step, for example, by a line sensor Compared with a case where defect detection is performed based on a plurality of one-dimensional image data, a high defect detection capability can be maintained.
- the two-dimensional image data having a large amount of information generated in the imaging process is converted into processed image data in which each pixel is configured by a gradation information storage bit string, and further, gradation information
- the data is converted into analysis image data in which each pixel is constituted by the analysis bit string in which the defect information storage bit string is added to the storage bit string.
- image analysis is performed to detect a defect in the sheet-like molded body. Therefore, the speed of image analysis in the image analysis process can be increased, and the inspection efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing processes of a defect inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the defect inspection apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the defect inspection apparatus 100.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining an edge profile method which is an example of a defect detection algorithm, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-dimensional image A corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of the edge profile P1 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating an example of the differential profile P2 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining an edge profile method which is an example of a defect detection algorithm, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-dimensional image A corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining a peak method which is another example of the defect detection algorithm, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-dimensional image B corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of the luminance profile P3 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 5C is a diagram for explaining an assumed procedure of a mass point moving from one end of a data point toward the other end, which is executed by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating an example of a brightness value difference profile P4 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining a smoothing method that is another example of the defect detection algorithm, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-dimensional image C corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of the smoothing profile P5 generated by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram for explaining a second edge profile method which is another example of the defect detection algorithm, and shows an example of a two-dimensional image D corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIG. FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of the edge profile P6 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating an example of the edge profile P7 created by the processed image generation unit 61.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image generated by the image processing device 6, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image E generated by processing with the first defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image generated by the image processing device 6, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image F generated by being processed by the second defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram illustrating an example of the processed image G generated by the processed image generation unit 61 by combining the processed image E and the processed image F.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image generated by the image processing device 6, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image E generated by processing with the first defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a processed image generated by the image processing device 6, and is a diagram
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an example of an analysis image generated by the image processing apparatus 6, and defect information is stored in the gradation information storage bit string of each pixel constituting the processed image G generated by the processed image generation unit 61. It is a figure which shows an example of the image H for analysis obtained by adding a bit stream.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of analysis bit strings H31, H32, and H33 constituting pixels in the analysis image H.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing processes of a defect inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the defect inspection method according to the present embodiment includes a transport step s1, a light irradiation step s2, an imaging step s3, a feature amount calculation step s4, a processed image data generation step s5, and a defect information acquisition step s6 shown in FIG.
- the image data generation process for analysis s7 and the image analysis process s8 are included.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the defect inspection apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the defect inspection apparatus 100.
- the defect inspection apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is an apparatus that detects defects in the sheet-like molded body 2 such as a thermoplastic resin, and includes the image generation apparatus 1 and the image analysis apparatus 7 according to the present invention.
- the image generation apparatus 1 of the defect inspection apparatus 100 includes a transport device 3, an illumination device 4, an imaging device 5, and an image processing device 6.
- the defect inspection apparatus 100 implements the defect inspection method according to the present invention.
- the conveyance device 3 executes the conveyance step s1, the illumination device 4 executes the light irradiation step s2, the imaging device 5 executes the imaging step s3, the image processing device 6 performs the feature amount calculation step s4, and the processed image data generation step. s5, the defect information acquisition step s6 and the analysis image data generation step s7 are executed, and the image analysis device 7 executes the image analysis step s8.
- the defect inspection apparatus 100 transfers the sheet-like molded body 2 continuous in the longitudinal direction with a constant width by the transport device 3 in a certain direction (the same direction as the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2).
- the sheet surface illuminated by the illuminating device 4 in the transfer process is imaged by the imaging device 5 to generate two-dimensional image data representing a two-dimensional image, and the image processing device 6 analyzes the image for analysis based on the two-dimensional image data. Data is generated, and the image analysis device 7 performs defect detection based on the analysis image data output from the image processing device 6.
- the sheet-like molded body 2 that is the object to be inspected is subjected to a treatment such as passing the thermoplastic resin extruded from the extruder through a gap between the rolls to smooth the surface or imparting a concavo-convex shape. It is formed by being pulled up while being cooled.
- a treatment such as passing the thermoplastic resin extruded from the extruder through a gap between the rolls to smooth the surface or imparting a concavo-convex shape. It is formed by being pulled up while being cooled.
- the thermoplastic resin applicable to the sheet-like molded body 2 of the present embodiment include polyolefins such as methacrylic resin, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer (MS resin), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP), and polycarbonate.
- the sheet-like molded body 2 is molded from a single-layer sheet or a laminated sheet of these thermoplastic resins.
- Examples of defects that occur in the sheet-like molded body 2 include so-called nicks caused by point-like defects (point defects) such as bubbles, fish eyes, foreign matter, tire marks, dent marks, and scratches generated during molding, and crease marks. (Knick), and linear defects (line defects) such as so-called original streaks caused by differences in thickness.
- point defects point-like defects
- line defects linear defects
- original streaks caused by differences in thickness.
- the conveying device 3 has a function as a conveying unit, and conveys the sheet-like molded body 2 in a certain direction (conveying direction Z).
- the transport device 3 includes, for example, a sending roller and a receiving roller that transport the sheet-like molded body 2 in the transport direction Z, and measures a transport distance by a rotary encoder or the like.
- the transport speed is set to about 2 to 30 m / min in the transport direction Z.
- the illuminating device 4 has a function as a light irradiation unit, and illuminates the width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2 orthogonal to the conveyance direction Z linearly.
- the illumination device 4 is arranged so that a linear reflection image is included in the image captured by the imaging device 5.
- the illumination device 4 faces the surface of the sheet-like molded body 2 on the same side as the imaging device 5 with the sheet-like molded body 2 as a reference, and an illumination area on the surface of the sheet-like molded body 2, that is, It arrange
- photographs may be set to 200 mm, for example.
- the illuminating device 4 As a light source of the illuminating device 4, in particular, as long as it irradiates light that does not affect the composition and properties of the sheet-like molded body 2 such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a metal halide lamp, a halogen transmission light, and a fluorescent lamp. It is not limited.
- the illuminating device 4 may be arrange
- the image captured by the imaging device 5 includes a transmission image that passes through the sheet-like molded body 2.
- the defect inspection apparatus 100 includes a plurality of imaging devices 5 having a function as an imaging unit, and the imaging devices 5 are arranged at equal intervals in a direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction Z (width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2).
- the imaging device 5 is arranged such that the direction from the imaging device 5 toward the center of the imaging region of the sheet-like molded body 2 and the conveying direction Z form an acute angle.
- the imaging device 5 captures a plurality of two-dimensional image data by capturing a two-dimensional image including a reflection image or a transmission image (hereinafter collectively referred to as “illumination image”) of the sheet-like molded body 2 by the illumination device 4. Is generated.
- the imaging device 5 includes a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) area sensor that captures a two-dimensional image. As shown in FIG. 2, the imaging device 5 is arranged so as to capture the entire region in the width direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction Z of the sheet-like molded body 2. In this way, by imaging the entire area in the width direction of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 and conveying the sheet-shaped molded body 2 continuous in the conveying direction Z, defects in the entire area of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 can be efficiently removed. Can be inspected.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
- the imaging interval (frame rate) of the imaging device 5 may be fixed, or may be changeable by the user operating the imaging device 5 itself.
- the imaging interval of the imaging device 5 may be a fraction of a second, which is a time interval for continuous shooting by a digital still camera.
- a short time interval for example, general It is preferable to be 1/30 second, which is a typical frame rate of moving image data.
- the length in the conveyance direction Z of the two-dimensional image captured by the imaging device 5 is such that the sheet-like molded body 2 is conveyed during the time from when the imaging device 5 captures the two-dimensional image until the next two-dimensional image is captured.
- the distance is preferably at least twice the distance. That is, it is preferable to image the same portion of the sheet-like molded body 2 twice or more.
- the length of the two-dimensional image in the conveyance direction Z is set to be longer than the conveyance distance of the sheet-like molded body 2 in the time from when the imaging device 5 captures the two-dimensional image until the next two-dimensional image is captured.
- the image processing apparatus 6 includes a processing image generation unit 61 that functions as a feature amount calculation unit, a processing image data generation unit, and a defect information acquisition unit, and an analysis image generation unit 62 that functions as an analysis image data generation unit.
- the image processing device 6 is provided corresponding to each of the plurality of imaging devices 5.
- the processed image generation unit 61 can be realized by an internal hardware of the image processing board or the imaging device 5 such as an FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) or a GPGPU (General-purpose computing on graphics processing units).
- the processed image generation unit 61 processes the two-dimensional image data output from the imaging device 5 with a predetermined algorithm (hereinafter, referred to as “defect detection algorithm”), whereby each pixel constituting the two-dimensional image data is processed. A feature amount based on the luminance value is calculated. Further, the processed image generation unit 61 recognizes, in the two-dimensional image data, a pixel whose feature quantity is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value as a defective pixel, and the defective pixel represents a gradation value corresponding to the feature quantity. Tone information is stored, and for the remaining pixels other than defective pixels (pixels whose feature amount is less than the threshold), a tone information storage bit string in which tone information representing a tone value of zero is stored is generated.
- a predetermined algorithm hereinafter, referred to as “defect detection algorithm”
- the gradation information storage bit string generated for each pixel is composed of a plurality of bits. Then, the processed image generation unit 61 outputs processed image data in which each pixel is composed of the gradation information storage bit string. Furthermore, the processed image generation unit 61 acquires defect information that is information about defects in the sheet-like molded body 2 for each pixel based on the generated processed image data, and the acquired defect information is stored. A defect information storage bit string is generated.
- the defect information storage bit string generated for each pixel usually consists of a plurality of bits.
- the defect detection algorithm used in the processed image generation unit 61 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4C, FIGS. 5A to 5D, FIGS. 6A and 6B, and FIGS. 7A to 7C.
- FIG. 4A to 4C are diagrams for explaining an edge profile method which is an example of a defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of a two-dimensional image A corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5, and the upper side of the image is the downstream side in the transport direction Z, and the lower side of the image is the upstream side in the transport direction Z. .
- a direction parallel to the width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2 is defined as an X direction
- a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction (direction parallel to the transport direction Z) of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is defined as a Y direction.
- a strip-shaped bright area located in the center in the Y direction of the two-dimensional image A and extending in the X direction is the illumination image A1
- a dark area existing inside the illumination image A1 is the first defective pixel group A21.
- a bright region in the vicinity of the illumination image A1 is the second defective pixel group A22.
- the processed image generation unit 61 first divides the two-dimensional image A into data of pixel columns one by one along the Y direction. Next, the processed image generation unit 61 shifts the edge of the data of each pixel column from one end in the Y direction (the upper end of the two-dimensional image A in FIG. 4A) to the other end (the lower end of the two-dimensional image A in FIG. 4A). Perform edge determination processing to search.
- the processed image generation unit 61 sets the second pixel from one end in the Y direction as the target pixel for the data of each pixel column, and determines the brightness value of the adjacent pixel adjacent to the one end side with respect to the target pixel. Also, it is determined whether or not the luminance value of the target pixel is greater than a predetermined threshold value. If it is determined that the luminance value of the target pixel is greater than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold or more, the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the adjacent pixel is the upper limit edge A3.
- the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the luminance value of the target pixel is larger than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold or more while shifting the target pixel one pixel at a time toward the other end in the Y direction. The edge determination process is repeated until it is done.
- the processed image generation unit 61 shifts the target pixel by one pixel toward the other end in the Y direction, and determines whether the luminance value of the target pixel is smaller than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold value or more. Determine whether or not.
- the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the adjacent pixel is the lower limit edge A4.
- the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the luminance value of the target pixel is smaller than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold or more while shifting the target pixel one pixel toward the other end in the Y direction. The edge determination process is repeated until it is done.
- an example of the upper limit edge A3 detected by the edge determination process by the processed image generation unit 61 is indicated by “ ⁇ ”, and an example of the lower limit edge A4 is indicated by “ ⁇ ”.
- the coordinate values (Y coordinates) of the upper limit edge A3 and the lower limit edge A4 in the Y direction. Value) is extremely smaller than the difference in the Y coordinate values of the remaining pixels other than the defective pixel.
- the Y coordinate value of the upper limit edge A3 is clearly different from the Y coordinate value of the remaining pixels other than the defective pixel.
- the processed image generation unit 61 creates an edge profile P1 shown in FIG. 4B.
- a peak P11 corresponding to the Y coordinate value of the upper limit edge A3 appears corresponding to the second defective pixel group A22 in the two-dimensional image A.
- the processed image generation unit 61 may be configured to create an edge profile based on a difference in Y coordinate values between the upper limit edge A3 and the lower limit edge A4.
- the upper limit edge A3 and the lower limit edge A4 correspond to the first defective pixel group A21 and the second defective pixel group A22 in the two-dimensional image A.
- a peak with a small difference in Y coordinate values will appear.
- the processed image generation unit 61 performs a differentiation process on the edge profile P1 to create a differentiation profile P2 shown in FIG. 4C.
- the differential profile P2 shown in FIG. 4C features corresponding to the peak P11 in the edge profile P1, that is, corresponding to the second defective pixel group A22 in the two-dimensional image A, are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (the differential value is large).
- a peak P21 having a quantity P22 appears.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts, as a defective pixel, a pixel in the two-dimensional image A corresponding to the peak P21 having a feature amount P22 that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold based on the differential profile P2.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts the second defective pixel group A22 as defective pixels.
- FIG. 5A to 5D are diagrams for explaining a peak method which is another example of the defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 5A shows an example of a two-dimensional image B corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5, wherein the upper side of the image is the downstream side in the transport direction Z and the lower side of the image is the upstream side in the transport direction Z. .
- a direction parallel to the width direction of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is defined as an X direction
- a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction (direction parallel to the transport direction Z) of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is defined as a Y direction.
- a strip-shaped bright region located in the center in the Y direction of the two-dimensional image B and extending in the X direction is the illumination image B1
- a dark region existing inside the illumination image B1 is the first defective pixel.
- the bright region that is in the group B21 and is in the vicinity of the illumination image B1 is the second defective pixel group B22.
- the processed image generation unit 61 first divides the two-dimensional image B into data of pixel columns one by one along the Y direction. Next, the processed image generation unit 61 continuously draws the data of each pixel column using the luminance value data at positions along a straight line L parallel to the Y direction of the two-dimensional image B as points, The connected curve is created as a luminance profile P3 shown in FIG. 5B.
- the luminance profile P3 shows a unimodal profile in which no valley portion appears, but when there is a defective pixel, a valley portion P31 appears as shown in FIG. 5B. It shows the profile of Soho.
- the processed image generation unit 61 has one end in the X direction of the luminance profile P3 so that the movement time between adjacent data points is constant regardless of the distance between the data points.
- a mass that moves from one to the other.
- the mass point moves from the data point c to the adjacent data point b, from the data point b to the adjacent data point a, and from the data point a to the adjacent data point d.
- the data point d is a data point corresponding to the target pixel.
- the processed image generation unit 61 obtains the velocity vector and acceleration vector of the mass point at the data points a, b, and c where the mass point passes immediately before the data point d. That is, the processed image generation unit 61 determines the interval from the data point b to the data point a based on the coordinates of the two data points a and b where the mass point has passed immediately before the data point d and the movement time. Find the velocity vector of the mass point at. Further, the processed image generation unit 61 determines the interval from the data point c to the data point b based on the coordinates of the two data points b and c that the mass point has passed immediately before the data point a and the movement time. Find the velocity vector of the mass point at.
- the processed image generation unit 61 starts from the data point c based on the speed vector of the mass point in the section from the data point b to the data point a and the speed vector of the mass point in the section from the data point c to the data point b.
- the acceleration vector of the mass point in the section up to the data point a is obtained.
- the processed image generation unit 61 calculates the coordinates of the data point d from the velocity vector of the mass point in the section from the data point b to the data point a and the acceleration vector of the mass point in the section from the data point c to the data point a. Predict (predicted data point f).
- the processed image generation unit 61 obtains a difference between the luminance value of the predicted data point f of the data point d predicted as described above and the actual (actually measured) luminance value of the data point d, and the luminance shown in FIG. 5D.
- a value difference profile P4 is created.
- the luminance value difference profile P4 shown in FIG. 5D it corresponds to the valley portion P31 in the luminance profile P3 shown in FIG. 5B, that is, corresponds to the first defective pixel group B21 in the two-dimensional image B, and is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value.
- a peak P41 having a feature amount P42 appears.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts, as a defective pixel, a pixel in the two-dimensional image B corresponding to the peak P41 having a feature amount P42 equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold based on the luminance value difference profile P4.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts the first defective pixel group B21 as defective pixels.
- FIG. 6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining a smoothing method which is another example of the defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of a two-dimensional image C corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5, and the upper side of the image is the downstream side in the transport direction Z, and the lower side of the image is the upstream side in the transport direction Z. .
- the direction parallel to the width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2 is defined as the X direction
- the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction (direction parallel to the transport direction Z) of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is defined as the Y direction.
- a strip-shaped bright region located in the center in the Y direction of the two-dimensional image C and extending in the X direction is the illumination image C1
- a dark region existing inside the illumination image C1 is the first defective pixel group C21.
- a bright area in the vicinity of the illumination image C1 is the second defective pixel group C22.
- the processed image generation unit 61 first divides the two-dimensional image C into data of pixel columns one by one along the Y direction. Next, the processed image generation unit 61 creates a kernel C31 of several pixels in the X direction and the Y direction (for example, 5 pixels in the X direction and 1 pixel in the Y direction).
- the processed image generation unit 61 sets the luminance value of the central pixel in the kernel C31 at the position along the straight line L parallel to the Y direction of the two-dimensional image C and all the data in the kernel C31.
- Data of the difference from the average value of the luminance values of the pixels is continuously drawn as points, and a curve connecting them is created as a smoothing profile P5 shown in FIG. 6B.
- a peak P51 having a feature quantity P52 that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (a luminance value difference is large) appears corresponding to the first defective pixel group C21 in the two-dimensional image C. .
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts, as a defective pixel, a pixel in the two-dimensional image C that corresponds to the peak P51 having a feature amount P52 that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold based on the smoothing profile P5.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts the first defective pixel group C21 as defective pixels.
- FIG. 7A to 7C are diagrams for explaining a second edge profile method which is another example of the defect detection algorithm.
- FIG. 7A shows an example of a two-dimensional image D corresponding to the two-dimensional image data generated by the imaging device 5, wherein the upper side of the image is the downstream side in the transport direction Z and the lower side of the image is the upstream side in the transport direction Z. .
- the direction parallel to the width direction of the sheet-like molded body 2 is defined as the X direction
- the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction (direction parallel to the transport direction Z) of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is defined as the Y direction.
- a band-like bright region located in the center in the Y direction of the two-dimensional image D and extending in the X direction is the illumination image D1
- a dark region existing inside the illumination image D1 is the first defective pixel group D21.
- the bright region existing in the vicinity of the illumination image D1 is the second defective pixel group D22.
- the processed image generation unit 61 first divides the two-dimensional image D into data of pixel columns one by one along the Y direction. Next, the processed image generation unit 61 shifts the edge of the data of each pixel column from one end in the Y direction (the upper end of the two-dimensional image D in FIG. 7A) to the other end (the lower end of the two-dimensional image D in FIG. 7A). Perform edge determination processing to search.
- the processed image generation unit 61 sets the second pixel from one end in the Y direction as the target pixel for the data of each pixel column, and determines the brightness value of the adjacent pixel adjacent to the one end side with respect to the target pixel. Also, it is determined whether or not the luminance value of the target pixel is greater than a predetermined threshold value. When it is determined that the luminance value of the target pixel is greater than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold or more, the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the adjacent pixel is the edge D3.
- the processed image generation unit 61 determines that the luminance value of the target pixel is larger than the luminance value of the adjacent pixel by a predetermined threshold or more while shifting the target pixel one pixel at a time toward the other end in the Y direction. The edge determination process is repeated until it is done.
- FIG. 7A an example of the edge D3 detected by the edge determination process by the processed image generation unit 61 is indicated by “ ⁇ ”.
- the coordinate value (Y coordinate value) in the Y direction of the edge D3 is It changes extremely.
- the processed image generation unit 61 creates an edge profile P6 corresponding to the edge D3 in the two-dimensional image D.
- the edge profile P6 corresponding to the edge D3 in the vicinity of the second defective pixel group D22 of the two-dimensional image D is shown enlarged.
- the Y coordinate value changes extremely corresponding to the second defective pixel group D22 in the two-dimensional image D.
- the processed image generation unit 61 selects points P61 and P62 which are arbitrary two points on the created edge profile P6, and is surrounded by a straight line connecting the points P61 and P62 and the curve of the edge profile P6.
- the area of the region P63 is calculated as a feature amount.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts a pixel in the two-dimensional image D corresponding to a profile portion having a feature amount (area of the region P63) equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold as a defective pixel.
- the processed image generation unit 61 creates an edge profile P7 corresponding to the edge D3 in the two-dimensional image D.
- the edge profile P7 corresponding to the edge D3 in the vicinity of the second defective pixel group D22 of the two-dimensional image D is shown enlarged.
- the Y coordinate value changes extremely corresponding to the second defective pixel group D22 in the two-dimensional image D.
- the processed image generation unit 61 selects a point P71 and a point P72 that are arbitrary two points on the created edge profile P7, a tangent line P711 of the edge profile P7 at the point P71, and a tangent line P721 of the edge profile P7 at the point P72. Create Next, the processed image generation unit 61 calculates an angle ⁇ 1 formed between the virtual straight line P73 parallel to the X axis and the tangent line P711 and an angle ⁇ 2 formed between the virtual straight line P73 and the tangent line P721, and the calculated angle ⁇ 1. An angle ⁇ 3 that is a difference from the angle ⁇ 2 is obtained.
- the processed image generation unit 61 uses the length of the arc P74 between the point P71 and the point P72 in the edge profile P7 and the angle ⁇ 3 to use the arc P74 between the point P71 and the point P72 in the edge profile P7. Is calculated as a feature amount. Based on the edge profile P7, the processed image generation unit 61 extracts a pixel in the two-dimensional image D corresponding to a profile portion having a feature amount (curvature radius R) within a predetermined threshold range as a defective pixel.
- the defects generated in the sheet-like molded body 2 include so-called nicks caused by bubbles, fish eyes, foreign matters, tire marks, dents, scratches, and so-called nicks, and differences in thickness. And line defects such as so-called raw streaks caused by the above.
- the type of defect that can be extracted differs depending on the type of defect detection algorithm used when the processed image is generated by the processed image generation unit 61.
- the edge profile method which is an example of a defect detection algorithm, can extract defects such as foreign matter, tire marks, and scratches with high extraction ability.
- the peak method can extract defects such as foreign matters, dents, and scratches with high extraction ability.
- the smoothing method can extract defects such as bubbles, fish eyes, and dents with high extraction ability.
- defects such as raw fabric lines and nicks can be extracted with high extraction ability.
- the processing image generation unit 61 calculates a feature amount by processing using a plurality of defect detection algorithms, using the difference in defect extraction ability depending on the type of defect detection algorithm. Then, by extracting the defective pixels in the two-dimensional image using the calculated feature amount, it becomes possible to distinguish the defect type of the defect area in the two-dimensional image generated by the imaging device 5.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams showing examples of processed images generated by the image processing device 6.
- the processed image generation unit 61 of the image processing device 6 processes the two-dimensional image data output from the imaging device 5 using the above-described defect detection algorithm to extract defective pixels, and then performs FIGS. 8A to 8C.
- the processed image generation unit 61 extracts defective pixels in a two-dimensional image using a first defect detection algorithm and a second defect detection algorithm which are two types of defect detection algorithms. Then, a processed image is generated.
- the first defect detection algorithm has a high extraction capability for the first defective pixel group in the two-dimensional image generated by the imaging device 5, but the extraction capability for the second defective pixel group. It shall not have
- the second defect detection algorithm has a high extraction capability for the second defective pixel group in the two-dimensional image generated by the imaging device 5, but has an extraction capability for the first defective pixel group. We do not have.
- the processed image generation unit 61 processes the two-dimensional image data output from the imaging device 5 in parallel with the first defect detection algorithm and the second defect detection algorithm, and the feature amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (defect detection algorithm).
- a predetermined threshold defect detection algorithm
- the second edge profile method after extracting a pixel having “a feature amount within a predetermined threshold range”) as a defective pixel, a processed image E as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are shown. Such a processed image F is generated.
- the processed image E shown in FIG. 8A is a processed image generated by processing with the first defect detection algorithm.
- the first defective pixel group E21 that can be extracted by the processing of the first defect detection algorithm corresponds to the feature amount.
- Gradation information representing gradation values is stored, and the remaining pixel group E22 other than the first defective pixel group E21 is configured by a gradation information storage bit string in which gradation information representing zero gradation values is stored.
- the gradation information storage bit string of each pixel constituting the processed image data corresponding to the processed image E generated by the processed image generation unit 61 is a bit string having the number of bits of “8”, and each of the eight bits In this example, “0” or “1” is stored, and 256 gradations can be expressed.
- a pixel in which “00000000” is stored in the gradation information storage bit string has a gradation value of “0 (zero)”
- a pixel in which “11111111” is stored in the gradation information storage bit string has a gradation value of “0”. 255 ".
- a processed image F shown in FIG. 8B is a processed image generated by processing with the second defect detection algorithm, and the second defective pixel group F21 that can be extracted by the processing of the second defect detection algorithm is included in the feature amount.
- Gradation information representing the corresponding gradation value is stored, and the remaining pixel group F22 other than the second defective pixel group F21 is configured by a gradation information storage bit string in which gradation information representing a zero gradation value is stored.
- the gradation information storage bit string of each pixel constituting the processed image data corresponding to the processed image F generated by the processed image generation unit 61 is a bit string having the number of bits of “8”, and each of the eight bits In this example, “0” or “1” is stored, and 256 gradations can be expressed. For example, a pixel in which “00000000” is stored in the gradation information storage bit string has a gradation value of “0 (zero)”, and a pixel in which “11111111” is stored in the gradation information storage bit string has a gradation value of “0”. 255 ".
- the processed image generation unit 61 combines the processed image E generated by processing with the first defect detection algorithm and the processed image F generated by processing with the second defect detection algorithm, as shown in FIG. 8C.
- a processed image G is generated.
- the processed image G shown in FIG. 8C includes a first defective pixel group G21 based on the processed image E, a second defective pixel group G22 based on the processed image F, and other than the first defective pixel group G21 and the second defective pixel group G22.
- the remaining pixel group G23 is included in FIG. 8C.
- the gradation value is “255” in the gradation information storage bit string G31 of the pixel located at the center of the first defective pixel group G21. “11111111” is stored, and “01111111” indicating that the gradation value is “128” is stored in the gradation information storage bit string G32 of the pixel located at the center of the second defective pixel group G22.
- the stored gradation information storage bit string G33 of each pixel of the remaining pixel group G23 stores “00000000” indicating that the gradation value is “0 (zero)”.
- the processed image generation unit 61 acquires defect information that is information about defects in the sheet-like molded body 2 based on the processed image data corresponding to the processed image G illustrated in FIG. 8C.
- the processed image G used when the processed image generation unit 61 acquires defect information combines the processed image E and the processed image F generated by processing with a plurality (two) of defect detection algorithms having different defect detection capabilities. Therefore, the defect information obtained by the processed image generation unit 61 based on the processed image data corresponding to the processed image G includes defect type information indicating the type of defect in the sheet-shaped molded body 2. Can be made.
- the processed image generation unit 61 processes the gradation information stored in the gradation information storage bit string constituting the processed image G using any defect detection algorithm among a plurality of defect detection algorithms.
- the defect information including the defect type information can be acquired based on whether the gradation information corresponds to the calculated feature amount.
- the processed image data corresponding to the processed image G output from the processed image generation unit 61 is input to the analysis image generation unit 62.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating an example of an analysis image generated by the image processing device 6.
- the image generation unit for analysis 62 of the image processing device 6 has each gradation information of the first defective pixel group G21, the second defective pixel group G22, and the remaining pixel group G23 constituting the processed image G generated by the processed image generating unit 61.
- a defect information storage bit string in which the defect information is stored is added to the storage bit string, and an analysis image H as shown in FIG. 9A is generated.
- the analysis image H is composed of an analysis bit string in which the defect information storage bit string is added to the gradation information storage bit string.
- the analysis image generation unit 62 outputs analysis image data corresponding to the generated analysis image H.
- the analysis image H shown in FIG. 9A is 0, 1, 2,..., W from one end in the X direction (the left end of the analysis image H in FIG. 9A) to the other end (the right end of the analysis image H in FIG. 9A).
- H-2, H-1 in this order, and an image composed of H pixels arranged in the Y direction.
- a pixel whose position from one end in the X direction (X coordinate value) is “8” and whose position from one end in the Y direction (Y coordinate value) is “6” has the maximum luminance value.
- the first defective pixel group H21 and a pixel whose position (X coordinate value) from one end in the X direction is “W-5” and whose position from one end in the Y direction (Y coordinate value) is “3” has the maximum luminance value. It has a second defective pixel group H22 and a remaining pixel group H23 other than the first defective pixel group H21 and the second defective pixel group H22.
- the first defective pixel group H21 is a pixel group corresponding to the first defective pixel group G21 in the processed image G generated by the processed image generation unit 61
- the second defective pixel group H22 is a processed image.
- the residual pixel group H23 is a pixel corresponding to the residual pixel group G23 in the processed image G generated by the processed image generating unit 61. Is a group.
- each pixel of the first defective pixel group H21 is configured by an analysis bit string H31, and this analysis bit string H31 includes the first defective pixel group G21 of the processed image G.
- This is a bit string in which a defect information storage bit string H312 storing defect information is added to a gradation information storage bit string H311 corresponding to the gradation information storage bit string G31.
- the defect information storage bit string H312 of the analysis bit string H31 is, for example, a bit string having the number of bits “2”. “0” or “1” is stored in each of the two bits, and defect type information is used as defect information. Can be represented. In the example illustrated in FIG.
- the gradation information stored in the gradation information storage bit string H311 is processed by the first defect detection algorithm of the first defect detection algorithm and the second defect detection algorithm. Stored is “01” representing gradation information corresponding to the calculated feature amount.
- each pixel of the second defective pixel group H22 is configured by an analysis bit string H32 as shown in FIG. 9B, and this analysis bit string H32 is the second defective pixel group of the processed image G.
- This is a bit string in which a defect information storage bit string H322 storing defect information is added to a gradation information storage bit string H321 corresponding to the gradation information storage bit string G32 of G22.
- the defect information storage bit string H322 of the analysis bit string H32 is, for example, a bit string having the number of bits “2”, and “0” or “1” is stored in each of the two bits, and defect type information is used as defect information. Can be represented. In the example shown in FIG.
- the gradation information stored in the gradation information storage bit string H321 is processed by the second defect detection algorithm of the first defect detection algorithm and the second defect detection algorithm. Stored is “10” representing the gradation information corresponding to the calculated feature amount.
- each pixel of the residual pixel group H23 is configured by an analysis bit string H33 as shown in FIG. 9B, and this analysis bit string H33 is a gradation of the residual pixel group G23 of the processed image G.
- This is a bit string in which a defect information storage bit string H332 in which defect information is stored is added to a gradation information storage bit string H331 corresponding to the information storage bit string G33.
- the defect information storage bit string H332 of the analysis bit string H33 is, for example, a bit string having the number of bits “2”, and “0” or “1” is stored in each of the two bits, and defect type information is used as defect information. Can be represented. In the example shown in FIG.
- the gradation information stored in the gradation information storage bit string H331 is a threshold value determined in advance in any of the defect detection algorithms of the first defect detection algorithm and the second defect detection algorithm. The above feature quantity is not calculated, and “00” representing “not a defect” is stored.
- defect type information is stored as defect information in the defect information storage bit strings H312, H322, and H332 in the analysis bit strings H31, H32, and H33 constituting the analysis image H. It is not limited to such a configuration.
- defect information stored in the defect information storage bit string other than the defect type information examples include position information of defects in the sheet-like molded body 2.
- defect position information when defect position information is stored as defect information, the X and Y coordinate values of each pixel may be stored in the defect information storage bit strings H312, H322, and H332.
- Analysis image data corresponding to the analysis image H output from the analysis image generation unit 62 is input to the image analysis device 7.
- the image analysis apparatus 7 provided in the defect inspection apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes analysis bit strings H31 and H32 that constitute analysis image data output from the analysis image generation unit 62 of the image processing apparatus 6 in the image generation apparatus 1. , H33, a defect in the sheet-like molded body 2 is detected by performing a predetermined image analysis using information stored in each bit.
- the image analysis device 7 includes an analysis image input unit 71, an image analysis unit 72, a control unit 73, and a display unit 74.
- the analysis image input unit 71 inputs the analysis image data output from the analysis image generation unit 62 of the image processing device 6.
- the image analysis unit 72 analyzes information stored in each bit of the analysis bit string H31, H32, and H33 in the analysis image data input from the analysis image input unit 71, and detects defect position information regarding the defect, the defect Luminance information, defect type information, and the like are generated and output to the control unit 73.
- the image analysis unit 72 converts the coordinates of the defective pixel in the analysis image H into a position on the sheet-shaped molded body 2, and generates defect position information indicating the position of the defect in the sheet-shaped molded body 2.
- the generated defect position information is output to the control unit 73.
- the image analysis unit 72 converts the distribution of defect gradation information in the analysis image H into a defect luminance distribution on the sheet-like molded body 2, thereby indicating a defect luminance distribution in the sheet-like molded body 2. Luminance information is generated, and the generated defect luminance information is output to the control unit 73.
- the image analysis unit 72 converts the distribution for each type of defect in the analysis image H into the distribution for each type of defect on the sheet-like molded body 2, and the distribution for each type of defect in the sheet-like molded body 2. Is generated, and the generated defect type information is output to the control unit 73.
- the control unit 73 creates a defect map indicating the defect information in the sheet-like molded body 2 based on the information regarding the defect output from the image analysis unit 72, and also includes the analysis image input unit 71, the image analysis unit 72, and the display.
- the unit 74 is comprehensively controlled.
- the defect map created by the control unit 73 is displayed on the display unit 74.
- the defect detection of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 is performed based on the two-dimensional image data of the sheet-shaped molded body 2 imaged by the imaging device 5. Therefore, compared with the case where defect detection is performed based on the one-dimensional image data by a line sensor, for example, a high defect detection capability can be maintained.
- the two-dimensional image data with a large amount of information output from the imaging apparatus 5 is converted into processed image data in which each pixel is configured by a gradation information storage bit string. It is converted into analysis image data in which each pixel is constituted by an analysis bit string in which a defect information storage bit string is added to a gradation information storage bit string. Based on the analysis image data in which each pixel is constituted by the analysis bit string converted from the two-dimensional image data in this way, the image analysis device 7 performs image analysis to detect defects in the sheet-like molded body 2. Since detection is performed, it is possible to increase the speed of image analysis by the image analysis device 7 and to improve inspection efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
シート状成形体を該シート状成形体の長手方向に搬送する搬送部と、
シート状成形体の長手方向に垂直な幅方向に直線状に延びる光源を備え、該光源によってシート状成形体に光を照射する光照射部と、
前記搬送部によって搬送中のシート状成形体に対して撮像動作を行って、2次元画像を表す2次元画像データを生成する撮像部と、
1または複数のアルゴリズム処理によって、前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素の特徴量を、各画素の輝度値に基づいて算出する特徴量算出部と、
前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素を、前記特徴量が予め定める閾値以上である欠陥画素と、前記特徴量が前記閾値未満である残余画素とに区別し、前記欠陥画素については前記特徴量に応じた階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなり、前記残余画素については零の階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなる処理画像データを生成する処理画像データ生成部と、
前記処理画像データに基づいて、画素ごとに、シート状成形体における欠陥についての欠陥情報を取得し、その取得した欠陥情報が格納された欠陥情報格納ビット列を生成する欠陥情報取得部と、
画素ごとに、前記処理画像データの前記階調情報格納ビット列に、前記欠陥情報格納ビット列を付加して得られる解析用ビット列からなる解析用画像データを生成する解析用画像データ生成部と、
を備える画像生成装置を提供する。
前記欠陥情報取得部は、画素ごとの前記階調情報格納ビット列の階調情報が、前記複数のアルゴリズム処理のうちのいずれのアルゴリズム処理によって算出された特徴量に応じた階調情報であるかに基づいて、前記欠陥種類情報を含む前記欠陥情報を取得することが好ましい。
前記画像生成装置の解析用画像データ生成部によって生成された解析用画像データを構成する解析用ビット列に格納された情報を用いて、予め定める画像解析を行うことによって、シート状成形体の欠陥を検出する画像解析装置と、
を備える欠陥検査装置である。
シート状成形体を、該シート状成形体の長手方向に搬送する搬送工程と、
シート状成形体の長手方向に垂直な幅方向に直線状に延びる光源によって、搬送される前記シート状成形体に光を照射する光照射工程と、
搬送中の前記シート状成形体に対して撮像動作を行って、2次元画像を表す2次元画像データを生成する撮像工程と、
1または複数のアルゴリズム処理によって、前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素の特徴量を、各画素の輝度値に基づいて算出する特徴量算出工程と、
前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素を、前記特徴量が予め定める閾値以上である欠陥画素と、前記特徴量が前記閾値未満である残余画素とに区別し、前記欠陥画素については前記特徴量に応じた階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなり、前記残余画素については零の階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなる処理画像データを生成する処理画像データ生成工程と、
前記処理画像データに基づいて、画素ごとに、シート状成形体における欠陥についての欠陥情報を取得し、その取得した欠陥情報が格納された欠陥情報格納ビット列を生成する欠陥情報取得工程と、
画素ごとに、前記処理画像データの前記階調情報格納ビット列に、前記欠陥情報格納ビット列を付加して得られる解析用ビット列からなる解析用画像データを生成する解析用画像データ生成工程と、
前記解析用画像データを構成する前記解析用ビット列に格納された情報を用いて、予め定める画像解析を行うことによって、シート状成形体の欠陥を検出する画像解析工程と、
を含む欠陥検査方法である。
図2は、本発明の一実施形態に係る欠陥検査装置100の構成を示す模式図である。
図3は、欠陥検査装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。
図4Aは、欠陥検出アルゴリズムの一例であるエッジプロファイル法を説明するための図であり、撮像装置5で生成された2次元画像データに対応する2次元画像Aの一例を示す図である。
図4Bは、処理画像生成部61で作成されたエッジプロファイルP1の一例を示す図である。
図4Cは、処理画像生成部61で作成された微分プロファイルP2の一例を示す図である。
図5Aは、欠陥検出アルゴリズムの他の例であるピーク法を説明するための図であり、撮像装置5で生成された2次元画像データに対応する2次元画像Bの一例を示す図である。
図5Bは、処理画像生成部61で作成された輝度プロファイルP3の一例を示す図である。
図5Cは、処理画像生成部61で実行される、データ点の一端から他端に向かって移動する質点の想定手順を説明するための図である。
図5Dは、処理画像生成部61で作成された輝度値差プロファイルP4の一例を示す図である。
図6Aは、欠陥検出アルゴリズムの他の例である平滑化法を説明するための図であり、撮像装置5で生成された2次元画像データに対応する2次元画像Cの一例を示す図である。
図6Bは、処理画像生成部61で生成された平滑化プロファイルP5の一例を示す図である。
図7Aは、欠陥検出アルゴリズムの他の例である第2のエッジプロファイル法を説明するための図であり、撮像装置5で生成された2次元画像データに対応する2次元画像Dの一例を示す図である。
図7Bは、処理画像生成部61で作成されたエッジプロファイルP6の一例を示す図である。
図7Cは、処理画像生成部61で作成されたエッジプロファイルP7の一例を示す図である。
図8Aは、画像処理装置6が生成する処理画像の一例を示す図であり、第1欠陥検出アルゴリズムで処理されて生成された処理画像Eの一例を示す図である。
図8Bは、画像処理装置6が生成する処理画像の一例を示す図であり、第2欠陥検出アルゴリズムで処理されて生成された処理画像Fの一例を示す図である。
図8Cは、処理画像生成部61が、処理画像Eと処理画像Fとを合成して生成した処理画像Gの一例を示す図である。
図9Aは、画像処理装置6が生成する解析用画像の一例を示す図であり、処理画像生成部61で生成された処理画像Gを構成する各画素の階調情報格納ビット列に、欠陥情報格納ビット列を付加することにより、得られた解析用画像Hの一例を示す図である。
図9Bは、解析用画像Hにおける画素を構成する解析用ビット列H31、H32およびH33の一例を示す図である。
2 シート状成形体
3 搬送装置
4 照明装置
5 撮像装置
6 画像処理装置
7 画像解析装置
61 処理画像生成部
62 解析用画像生成部
71 解析用画像入力部
72 画像解析部
73 制御部
74 表示部
100 欠陥検査装置
Claims (5)
- シート状成形体の欠陥を検査するための画像データを生成する画像生成装置であって、 シート状成形体を該シート状成形体の長手方向に搬送する搬送部と、
シート状成形体の長手方向に垂直な幅方向に直線状に延びる光源を備え、該光源によってシート状成形体に光を照射する光照射部と、
前記搬送部によって搬送中のシート状成形体に対して撮像動作を行って、2次元画像を表す2次元画像データを生成する撮像部と、
1または複数のアルゴリズム処理によって、前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素の特徴量を、各画素の輝度値に基づいて算出する特徴量算出部と、
前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素を、前記特徴量が予め定める閾値以上である欠陥画素と、前記特徴量が前記閾値未満である残余画素とに区別し、前記欠陥画素については前記特徴量に応じた階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなり、前記残余画素については零の階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなる処理画像データを生成する処理画像データ生成部と、
前記処理画像データに基づいて、画素ごとに、シート状成形体における欠陥についての欠陥情報を取得し、その取得した欠陥情報が格納された欠陥情報格納ビット列を生成する欠陥情報取得部と、
画素ごとに、前記処理画像データの前記階調情報格納ビット列に、前記欠陥情報格納ビット列を付加して得られる解析用ビット列からなる解析用画像データを生成する解析用画像データ生成部と、
を備える画像生成装置。 - 前記欠陥情報は、シート状成形体における欠陥の種類を表す欠陥種類情報を含む
請求項1に記載の画像生成装置。 - 前記特徴量算出部は、複数のアルゴリズム処理によって前記特徴量を算出し、
前記欠陥情報取得部は、画素ごとの前記階調情報格納ビット列の階調情報が、前記複数のアルゴリズム処理のうちのいずれのアルゴリズム処理によって算出された特徴量に応じた階調情報であるかに基づいて、前記欠陥種類情報を含む前記欠陥情報を取得する
請求項2に記載の画像生成装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の画像生成装置と、
前記画像生成装置の解析用画像データ生成部によって生成された解析用画像データを構成する解析用ビット列に格納された情報を用いて、予め定める画像解析を行うことによって、シート状成形体の欠陥を検出する画像解析装置と、
を備える欠陥検査装置。 - シート状成形体の欠陥を検査するための欠陥検査方法であって、
シート状成形体を、該シート状成形体の長手方向に搬送する搬送工程と、
シート状成形体の長手方向に垂直な幅方向に直線状に延びる光源によって、搬送される前記シート状成形体に光を照射する光照射工程と、
搬送中の前記シート状成形体に対して撮像動作を行って、2次元画像を表す2次元画像データを生成する撮像工程と、
1または複数のアルゴリズム処理によって,前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素の特徴量を、各画素の輝度値に基づいて算出する特徴量算出工程と、
前記2次元画像データを構成する各画素を、前記特徴量が予め定める閾値以上である欠陥画素と、前記特徴量が前記閾値未満である残余画素とに区別し、前記欠陥画素については前記特徴量に応じた階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなり、前記残余画素については零の階調値を表す階調情報が格納された階調情報格納ビット列からなる処理画像データを生成する処理画像データ生成工程と、
前記処理画像データに基づいて、画素ごとに、シート状成形体における欠陥についての欠陥情報を取得し、その取得した欠陥情報が格納された欠陥情報格納ビット列を生成する欠陥情報取得工程と、
画素ごとに、前記処理画像データの前記階調情報格納ビット列に、前記欠陥情報格納ビット列を付加して得られる解析用ビット列からなる解析用画像データを生成する解析用画像データ生成工程と、
前記解析用画像データを構成する前記解析用ビット列に格納された情報を用いて、予め定める画像解析を行うことによって、シート状成形体の欠陥を検出する画像解析工程と、
を含む欠陥検査方法。
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JP2020016948A (ja) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像検査装置 |
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JP2018047655A (ja) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 | シートの不良除去装置及び方法、シートの不良除去制御装置、段ボールシートの製造装置 |
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