WO2014109190A1 - 変位センサ及び変位の検出方法 - Google Patents
変位センサ及び変位の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014109190A1 WO2014109190A1 PCT/JP2013/083884 JP2013083884W WO2014109190A1 WO 2014109190 A1 WO2014109190 A1 WO 2014109190A1 JP 2013083884 W JP2013083884 W JP 2013083884W WO 2014109190 A1 WO2014109190 A1 WO 2014109190A1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/24471—Error correction
- G01D5/24476—Signal processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R17/00—Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
- G01R25/005—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller, or for passing one of the input signals as output signal
Definitions
- This invention relates to a displacement sensor, and more particularly to error reduction.
- the inventor has developed a displacement sensor that combines a magnetic scale and a magnetic element such as a coil (for example, Patent Document 1: JP4919177). Such a displacement sensor has an error, and it is desired to reduce the error. *
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the error of the displacement sensor.
- the present invention relates to a displacement sensor for detecting a position based on a magnetic scale by a magnetic element.
- a magnetic scale having two magnets with different polarities, or one pair of each of a magnetic body and a non-magnetic body as one pitch, Kn sensor units (k is a natural number of 2 or more, n is a natural number of 1 or more) that outputs a plurality of signals having one pitch as one period and different phases with respect to the pitch, And an averaging unit that outputs an average of phases from the kn sensor units.
- the kn sensor units may be arranged in series along the magnetic scale in the one pitch section.
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting a displacement by detecting a position relative to a magnetic scale by a magnetic element.
- a magnetic scale having two magnets with different polarities, or one pair of each of a magnetic body and a non-magnetic body as one pitch, Kn sensor units (k is a natural number of 2 or more and n is a natural number of 1 or more) that outputs a plurality of signals having one pitch as one period and different phases with respect to the pitch, And an averaging unit that outputs an average of phases from the kn sensor units.
- the kn sensor units use displacement sensors arranged in series along the magnetic scale in a 1-pitch section of the magnetic scale,
- the sensor unit has a periodic error in which the one pitch is n periods, By averaging the phases from the kn sensor units, one pitch cancels a cyclic error of n periods.
- kn sensor units are provided for one pitch of the magnetic scale, kn outputs whose phase with respect to the error is shifted by 360 / kn ° are obtained. If these are averaged, the influence of the error is reduced.
- the description regarding the displacement sensor also applies to the displacement detection method as it is, and the description regarding the displacement detection method also applies to the displacement sensor as it is.
- the sensor unit has a periodic error in which the one pitch is n periods, and the signals from the kn sensor units are averaged to cancel the periodic error.
- kn outputs whose phase with respect to the error is shifted by 360 / kn ° are obtained, and when these are averaged, the displacement can be detected accurately.
- the magnetic scale is linearly arranged, and the displacement sensor is a linear displacement sensor that detects a linear position along the magnetic scale.
- the magnetic scale is a magnet array of a linear motor, and a linear position along the magnetic scale is obtained for driving the linear motor.
- the linear displacement sensor of the present invention detects a linear position with a magnetic scale as a reference by a magnetic element
- a magnetic scale in which a pair of two magnets having different polarities and adjacent to each other in a magnet row of a linear motor is set to one pitch and linear, 4n sensor units (n) arranged within the length of one pitch so that the position along the magnetic scale changes by p / (4n) when the length of the one pitch is p.
- An averaging unit that outputs an average of outputs from the 4n sensor units,
- Each of the 4n sensor units includes a plurality of magnetic elements.
- the linear motor can be accurately driven using the magnet row.
- the position can be accurately detected in a situation where a magnetic field from the coil of the linear motor causes an error. Since there are 4n sensor units, the phase of each of these signals is shifted by 90 ° with respect to an error of one pitch of n cycles, and the error can be easily removed by averaging.
- the averaging unit has an average value of in-pitch coordinates ai (i is a natural number from 1 to 4n) from the 4n sensor units, and an origin of a pitch detected by the 4n sensor units.
- the average value of the coordinates bi may be added, and the 4n sensor units may detect two adjacent pitches. If 4n sensor units are arranged over a length within one pitch length p, two adjacent pitches can be detected as a whole.
- the in-pitch coordinates ai from the 4n sensor units constantly change, and the origin coordinates bi of the pitch detected by the 4n sensor units are constant in a short time range. Therefore, if these average values are obtained separately, the calculation is facilitated.
- Block diagram of the displacement sensor of the embodiment Main block diagram of sensor head
- the flowchart which shows the displacement detection method of an Example Diagram showing error from sensor unit
- the figure which shows the error when changing the mounting position of the sensor unit to the scale The figure which shows the output which averaged the data of Figure 5
- the figure which shows the error when changing the mounting position of the sensor unit from the linear motor The figure which shows the output which averaged the data of Figure 7
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a displacement sensor.
- a magnetic scale 2 is a scale in which magnets 4 and 6 are arranged, and is arranged linearly.
- the magnet 4 has an S pole on the surface and the magnet 6 has an N pole on the surface.
- a pair of magnets 4 and 6 is one pitch, and a plurality of pitches are arranged in series.
- the magnets 4 and 6 may be a scale dedicated to the displacement sensor or may be a magnet array as a part of the linear motor.
- the magnets 4 and 6 are assumed to be part of the linear motor.
- the magnetic scale 2 can be realized by a combination of a magnetic material and a nonmagnetic material.
- the sensor head 8 includes, for example, one drive 10 and, for example, eight sensor units u1 to u8, and the number of sensor units is 4n that is a multiple of four (n is a natural number). The meaning of n is, for example, the number of cycles in which an error repeats within one pitch.
- the drive 10 supplies an alternating current to the eight sensor units u1 to u8, and the output signal of the i-th sensor unit ui is xi.
- the output signals x1 to x8 of the eight sensor units u1 to u8 are averaged by the averaging unit 12, and a position signal x is output.
- the displacement sensor of the embodiment is a linear displacement sensor that detects a position along the magnetic scale 2, and preferably detects a linear position along the magnetic scale 2 for driving a linear motor.
- the magnetic scale 2 may be fixed to the ground side and the sensor head 8 may be movable, or conversely, the magnetic scale 2 may be movable and the sensor head 8 may be fixed to the ground side. Further, in the case where, for example, magnets are installed in units of 8 on the magnetic scale, one unit is regarded as 4 pitches. Similarly, when four pairs of magnetic thin films and non-magnetic thin films are provided alternately, it is considered that there are four pitches.
- Eight sensor units u1 to u8 are linearly arranged along the longitudinal direction (direction in which displacement is measured) of the magnetic scale 2 in one pitch section composed of one magnet 4 and 6 each. .
- One sensor array is constituted by eight sensor units u1 to u8. Further, the position within one pitch interval is represented by a phase ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ), and the sensor units u1 to u8 are arranged so that the phase ⁇ is different by 45 °.
- the phase difference between the sensor units is a value obtained by dividing 2 ⁇ by the number of sensor units 4n.
- 4 nm sensor units may be arranged in series in an interval of m pitch (m is a natural number of 2 or more), and the signals may be averaged.
- 4n is the number of sensor units arranged in one pitch section.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the drive 10 and one sensor unit u1, and the other sensor units are the same.
- the counter 14 outputs an AC phase ⁇ t, and converts ⁇ t into a digital signal corresponding to sin ⁇ t in the table 16, and the D / A converter 18 converts this signal into an AC voltage sin ⁇ t and supplies it to the sensor units u1 to u8. To do.
- the sensor unit u1 for example, four coils C1 to C4 are linearly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the scale in the order of numbers from C1 to C4.
- the AC voltage sin ⁇ t is applied to the bridge as shown in FIG. .
- outputs corresponding to cos ⁇ ⁇ cos ⁇ t and sin ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ t are taken out.
- the phase detection unit 20 converts it to an analog signal corresponding to cos ( ⁇ + ⁇ t), and the value of ⁇ t when cos ( ⁇ + ⁇ t) becomes zero To obtain the phase ⁇ in units of one pitch.
- Various other methods for calculating the phase ⁇ are known, and any method using sin ( ⁇ + ⁇ t) can be used.
- the number and connection of coils in one sensor unit are known and arbitrary.
- the coils C1 to C4 are examples of magnetic elements including Hall elements, magnetoresistive elements, and the like.
- the averaging unit 12 obtains an averaged output signal x by adding eight output signals x1 to x8 and truncating the lower 3 bits or shifting the added value to the 3-bit minimum digit side. It is a simple average of signals from a plurality of sensor units. If the coordinates ai in the pitch are averaged, a signal having a period of 45 ° in the phase ⁇ is obtained, and a signal x representing the displacement is obtained by adding the average of the origin coordinates bi of the pitch to this signal.
- the averaging calculation method is arbitrary.
- FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of sensor units (step 1), the detection of displacement in each sensor unit (step 2), and the simple average of displacements for each sensor unit (step 3).
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a signal from the sensor unit within one pitch, and various error factors are added to the linear displacement signal from the magnetic scale 2 to obtain a signal xi of the sensor unit.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which there is an error for two periods in one pitch, and the error is larger in the first half of the pitch than in the second half.
- the signal xi of the sensor unit becomes a periodic signal repeated in units of one pitch, and the error ei is also 1 It becomes a periodic signal that repeats in pitch units.
- the error is a periodic signal that repeats n cycles within one pitch, and n is 1, 2, or 4 within the range experienced by the inventors. Whether the error period is 1, 2, or 4 depends on the structure of the displacement sensor and the usage environment, and can be determined by experiment. If 4n sensor units are provided and the output signals are simply averaged, a displacement sensor with a very small error can be obtained. Furthermore, when the magnetic scale is moved by one pitch with respect to changes in temperature, etc., the environment is the same, and errors due to changes in temperature can be canceled out.
- Figs. 5 and 6 there is one sensor unit, the vertical axis represents the error, the horizontal axis represents the position obtained from the output of the reference sensor with high linearity and little error, and the distance between the sensor unit and the scale is changed.
- the error is shown.
- the data in FIG. 5 is before averaging, and the data in FIG. 6 is after averaging.
- FIG. 5 there is a regular error in which one pitch of the scale is two periods, and the error is reduced by changing the phase by 45 ° for each curve in FIG. 5 and averaging as shown in FIG. 6. *
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
極性の異なる2個のマグネット、もしくは磁性体と非磁性体の各1個のペアを1ピッチとする磁気スケールを備えるとともに、
前記1ピッチを1周期としかつピッチに対する位相が異なる複数の信号を出力するセンサユニットをkn個(kは2以上の自然数で、nは1以上の自然数)備え、
さらに前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相の平均を出力する平均化部を備え、
前記kn個のセンサユニットは、前記1ピッチの区間に磁気スケールに沿って直列に配列されていることを特徴とする。
極性の異なる2個のマグネット、もしくは磁性体と非磁性体の各1個のペアを1ピッチとする磁気スケールを備えるとともに、
前記1ピッチを1周期としかつピッチに対する位相が異なる複数の信号を出力するセンサユニットをkn個(kは2以上の自然数で、nは1以上の自然数)備え、
さらに前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相の平均を出力する平均化部を備え、
前記kn個のセンサユニットは、前記磁気スケールの1ピッチの区間に磁気スケールに沿って直列に配列されている変位センサを用い、
前記センサユニットは前記1ピッチがn周期となる周期的誤差を有し、
前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相を平均することにより、1ピッチがn周期の周期的誤差を打ち消すことを特徴とする。
好ましくは、磁気スケールが直線状に配置され、変位センサは磁気スケールに沿ったリニアな位置を検出するリニア変位センサである。
特に好ましくは、磁気スケールがリニアモータの磁石列で、リニアモータの駆動のために磁気スケールに沿ったリニアな位置を求める。
リニアモータのマグネット列中の、極性が異なりかつ隣接する2個のマグネットから成るペアを1ピッチとし、かつ直線状である磁気スケールと、
前記1ピッチの長さをpとする際に、p/(4n)ずつ磁気スケールに沿った位置が変化するように、1ピッチの長さ内に配置されている、4n個のセンサユニット(nは1以上の自然数)と、
前記4n個のセンサユニットからの出力の平均を出力する平均化部、とを備え、
前記4n個のセンサユニットは各々複数個の磁気素子から成る。
10 ドライブ 12 平均化部 14 カウンタ
16 テーブル 18 D/Aコンバータ 20 位相検出部
22 オフセット補正部
A1,A2 増幅器 u1~u8 センサユニット C1~C4 コイル
θ 1ピッチ内での位相 ωt 交流入力の位相
bi ピッチ原点の座標 xi センサユニットの出力 x 平均出力
Claims (11)
- 磁気スケールを基準とする位置を磁気素子により検出する変位センサにおいて、
極性の異なる2個のマグネット、もしくは磁性体と非磁性体の各1個のペアを1ピッチとする磁気スケールを備えるとともに、
前記1ピッチを1周期としかつピッチに対する位相が異なる複数の信号を出力するセンサユニットをkn個(kは2以上の自然数で、nは1以上の自然数)備え、
さらに前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相の平均を出力する平均化部を備え、
前記kn個のセンサユニットは、前記1ピッチの区間に磁気スケールに沿って直列に配列されていることを特徴とする、変位センサ。 - k=4であることを特徴とする、請求項1の変位センサ。
- 前記磁気スケールは前記ピッチを複数備え、
前記センサユニットは、検出中のピッチのオフセット信号を出力するように構成され、
前記平均化部は、前記位相と前記オフセット信号とを用いて、前記平均を求めることを特徴とする、請求項1または2の変位センサ。 - 前記センサユニットは前記1ピッチがn周期となる周期的誤差を有し、
前記kn個のセンサユニットからの信号を平均することにより、周期的誤差を打ち消すことを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれかの変位センサ。 - 磁気スケールが直線状に配置され、変位センサが磁気スケールに沿ったリニアな位置を検出するリニア変位センサであることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれかの変位センサ。
- 磁気スケールがリニアモータのマグネット列であることを特徴とする、請求項5の変位センサ。
- 磁気スケールを基準とするリニアな位置を磁気素子により検出するリニア変位センサにおいて、
リニアモータのマグネット列中の、極性が異なりかつ隣接する2個のマグネットから成るペアを1ピッチとし、かつ直線状である磁気スケールと、
前記1ピッチの長さをpとする際に、p/(4n)ずつ磁気スケールに沿った位置が変化するように、1ピッチの長さ内に配置されている、4n個のセンサユニット(nは1以上の自然数)と、
前記4n個のセンサユニットからの出力の平均を出力する平均化部、とを備え、
前記4n個のセンサユニットは各々複数個の磁気素子から成る、リニア変位センサ。 - 前記平均化部は、前記4n個のセンサユニットからのピッチ内座標ai(iは1から4nまでの自然数)の平均値に、前記4n個のセンサユニットが検出しているピッチの原点座標biの平均値を加算するように構成され、前記4n個のセンサユニットは隣接する2個のピッチを検出可能である、ことを特徴とする、請求項7のリニア変位センサ。
- 磁気スケールを基準とする位置を磁気素子により検出することにより変位を検出する方法において、
極性の異なる2個のマグネット、もしくは磁性体と非磁性体の各1個のペアを1ピッチとする磁気スケールを備えるとともに、
前記1ピッチを1周期としかつピッチに対する位相が異なる複数の信号を出力するセンサユニットをkn個(kは2以上の自然数で、nは1以上の自然数)備え、
さらに前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相の平均を出力する平均化部を備え、
前記kn個のセンサユニットは、前記磁気スケールの1ピッチの区間に磁気スケールに沿って直列に配列されている変位センサを用い、
前記センサユニットは前記1ピッチがn周期となる周期的誤差を有し、
前記kn個のセンサユニットからの位相を平均することにより、1ピッチがn周期の周期的誤差を打ち消すことを特徴とする、変位検出方法。 - 磁気スケールが直線状に配置され、変位センサにより磁気スケールに沿ったリニアな位置を検出することを特徴とする、請求項9の変位検出方法。
- 磁気スケールがリニアモータのマグネット列であることを特徴とする、請求項10の変位検出方法。
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US14/759,710 US9772198B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-12-18 | Displacement sensor and displacement detection method |
JP2014556354A JP6015776B2 (ja) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-12-18 | 変位センサ及び変位の検出方法 |
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JP6435811B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2018-12-12 | 村田機械株式会社 | 磁気式位置検出装置 |
JP2017060361A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 日本電産サンキョー株式会社 | 直動回転駆動装置 |
TWI657228B (zh) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-04-21 | 馳達科技股份有限公司 | 線性位移感測裝置 |
EP3907477B1 (de) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-07-06 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH | Magnetische positionsmesseinrichtung |
TWI842290B (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-05-11 | 愛盛科技股份有限公司 | 位移感測裝置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI611163B (zh) | 2018-01-11 |
JP6015776B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
US9772198B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
JPWO2014109190A1 (ja) | 2017-01-19 |
US20150345992A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
TW201435303A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
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