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WO2014105595A1 - Métaux liants à point de fusion inférieur - Google Patents

Métaux liants à point de fusion inférieur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014105595A1
WO2014105595A1 PCT/US2013/076356 US2013076356W WO2014105595A1 WO 2014105595 A1 WO2014105595 A1 WO 2014105595A1 US 2013076356 W US2013076356 W US 2013076356W WO 2014105595 A1 WO2014105595 A1 WO 2014105595A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
present
binder metal
binder
metal composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/076356
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English (en)
Inventor
Mingdong CAI
Gregory Lockwood
Original Assignee
Smith International, Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Smith International, Inc. filed Critical Smith International, Inc.
Priority to CN201380072460.9A priority Critical patent/CN104968814A/zh
Publication of WO2014105595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014105595A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides

Definitions

  • the manufacturing of drill bit bodies involves heating a mixture of hard matrix particles (e.g., tungsten carbide) and a binder metal which are placed in a bit body mold for approximately 75 to 205 minutes at 1875 0 to 2100 0 Fahrenheit (F) causing infiltration of the binder metal through the hard matrix particles.
  • the infiltration process results in a metal- matrix composite that forms the "bit body.”
  • the infiltration occurs when the molten binder metal flows through spaces between the hard matrix particle grains by means of capillary action.
  • the hard matrix particles and the binder metal form a hard, durable, strong metal-matrix composite. If the infiltration process is not complete, the bit body is often defective and may crack.
  • Infiltration is dependent on the molten binder metal flowing around the grains of the hard matrix particles and attaching to the matrix grains. For a complete infiltration, the binder metal thoroughly melts to allow for good flow and attachment.
  • the high infiltration temperature e.g., 1875 0 to 2100 °F
  • the high infiltration temperature compromises the diamond as well as increases the thermal crack tendency of the bit body.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of about 1500 °F or less, and the binder metal includes zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn) having a sum weight % of about 26.5% to about 30.5% in which Zn is at least about 12% and Sn is at least about 6.5%; nickel (Ni) is at about 4.5 to about 6.5 weight %; manganese (Mn) is at about 1 1 to about 26 weight %; and copper (Cu) is at about 40 to about 55 weight %.
  • the binder metal composition does not include manganese (Mn).
  • the binder metal as disclosed is used as an infiltrant for infiltrating hard matrix particles at an infiltration temperature of 1800 °F or less and maintains a strength and toughness that is comparable to matrices made with presently available binder metals.
  • FIGURES 1-6 show temperature-dependent heat flow curves calculated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for each of the respective binder metals represented by Formula-2, Formula-3, Formula-4, Formula-5, Formula-6, and Comparative Formula-1, in which the top line represents the heating curve (5) and the bottom line represents the cooling curve (10), and the measured melting point temperature is the indicated peak (15) of the heating curve (5), according to one or more embodiments.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • Figure 7 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) image showing the binder structure of an infiltrated metal-matrix composite made from tungsten carbide particles and the Comparative Formula- 1 Cu-rich binder metal etched with Spinodal etchant, with tungsten carbide (20) and Cu-rich phase (25), as indicated.
  • SEM scanning electron micrograph
  • Figure 8 is an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum showing the single Cu-rich FCC (face-centered cubic) phase (25) of the Comparative Formula-1 metal-matrix composite of Figure 7.
  • EDS energy dispersive spectroscopy
  • Figure 9 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) image showing the binder structure of a metal-matrix composite made of tungsten carbide particles and Formula-4 binder metal, according to one or more embodiments, the metal-matrix composite etched with Spinodal etchant.
  • SEM scanning electron micrograph
  • Figure 10 is an EDS spectrum of the Sn- and Ni-rich FCC phase (35) for the Formula-4 metal-matrix composite of Figure 9, according to one or more embodiments.
  • Figure 11 is an EDS spectrum of the Cu- and Zn-rich FCC phase (30) for the Formula-4 metal-matrix composite of Figure 9, according to one or more embodiments.
  • Figure 12 shows three optical microscopic (OM) images of solid matrices of infiltrated tungsten carbide and Formula-4 binder metal, according to one or more embodiments, at three infiltration temperatures of 1950 °F, 1800 °F, and 1700 °F, as shown, in which the eta-phase (40), monocrystal tungsten carbide (20) and cast tungsten carbide (22) are indicated.
  • TEM transmission electron microscope
  • Figure 14 shows a selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern for the TEM image of Figure 13.
  • Figure 16 shows a SAD pattern of the TEM image of Figure 15.
  • Figure 18 shows a selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern of the TEM image of Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 shows a SAD pattern of the TEM image of Figure 17 after tilting the sample to another angle from the TEM image of Figure 18.
  • Figure 20 is a TEM image of the FCC-1 (50) and FCC-2 (55) phases of a Formula-3 binder metal, according to one or more embodiments, at a lower magnification than the TEM images of Figures 15 and 17.
  • An earth-boring drill bit body may be made from a metal-matrix composite which includes a hard particulate phase and a ductile metallic phase.
  • the hard phase includes refractory or ceramic compounds (e.g., nitrides and carbides, such as tungsten carbide), and the metallic phase may be a binder metal, such as a metal made of copper and other nonferrous alloys.
  • the metal-matrix composite may be formed using powder (i.e., particle) metallurgical methods which include hot-pressing, sintering, and infiltration.
  • Drill bit bodies may have at least a portion of their outer surface impregnated with an ultra-hard material. Such bit bodies are referred to as ultra-hard material impregnated bit bodies.
  • the metal-matrix composite also serves as a supporting material for supporting the ultra-hard material.
  • the metal-matrix composite has specifically controlled physical and mechanical properties in order to expose the ultra-hard material.
  • Methods of forming drill bit bodies are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,394,202 and U.S. Patent No. 8, 109,177.
  • Some examples of drill bit bodies include impregnated drill bit bodies, impregnated drill bit bodies having grit hot-pressed inserts (GHIs), and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit bodies.
  • infiltration of the metal-matrix composite includes heating the metal-matrix to a temperature that is high enough to allow for the binder metal (also referred to as the infiltrant) to melt and bind to the hard particulate phase.
  • the binder metal also referred to as the infiltrant
  • the binder metal becomes molten and flows and attaches to the grains of the hard particulate. Accordingly, the melting point temperature of the binder metal directly determines the infiltration temperature for forming the metal-matrix composite.
  • the melting point or the melting temperature is the liquidus temperature of the particular composition, as described in Hsin Wang and Wallace Porter, Thermal Conductivity 27 /Thermal Expansion 15, Oct 2004 (ISBN- 10: 1932078347
  • a binder having a melting point of 1500 °F or less allows for an infiltration temperature that is about 1800 °F or lower, and results in improved phases of the metal-matrix composite.
  • the face centered cubic-1 (FCC-1) phase and FCC-2 phase of the composite formed with such binder metal are in an approximate balance. That is, the FCC-1 to FCC-2 ratio is 1-1.5 (FCC-1) to 1.0(FCC-2).
  • FCC-1 to FCC-2 ratio is 1-1.5 (FCC-1) to 1.0(FCC-2).
  • a drill bit body formed with a composite having a decrease in eta-phase and an approximate (1.0-1.5: 1.0) balance of FCC-1 to FCC-2 phases has a decreased thermal cracking tendency.
  • ultra-hard materials used in impregnated drill bit bodies include polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (TSP), both of which are known in the art.
  • PCD and TSP materials are described in U.S. Patent No. 8,020,644.
  • TSP materials may be formed using any suitable binder, for example, cobalt or silicon carbide binder.
  • a higher density TSP material is formed from a higher density PCD material which utilizes less cobalt binder.
  • the metal-matrix composite when forming an ultra-hard material impregnated bit body, is formed by infiltrating with the presently disclosed lower melting point temperature binder metal at an infiltration temperature of about 1800 °F.
  • the metal matrix composite is formed by infiltrating with the presently disclosed lower melting point temperature binder metal at an infiltration temperature of about 1800 °F in forming an impregnated drill bit body which is impregnated with PCD or TSP (sometimes referred to as a diamond impregnated drill bit body), resulting in the diamond being less likely to be compromised in the manufacturing of the diamond- impregnated drilling bit bodies.
  • One or more embodiments include a binder metal composition having a melting point temperature of 1500 °F or less, in which the binder metal includes an increased amount of tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn) and a specific sum of these two metals, in addition to copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni).
  • a binder metal composition for use in making drill bit body components has a melting point temperature of 1500 °F or less and thoroughly melts to allow for good flow and attachment to the hard particulate matrix grains at a lower infiltration temperature (e.g., 1800 °F or lower), thereby effectively lowering the thermal crack tendency of the drill bit body.
  • a binder metal composition having a lower melting point temperature has comparable strength to binder metal compositions having higher melting point temperatures. That is, specific increases in Sn or Zn in the binder metal composition effectively lower the melting point temperature of the binder metal and do not compromise the bonding capability, strength, or toughness of the binder metal.
  • Cu-Mn-Ni-Zn-Sn binder metal alloy compositions having a melting point temperature of 1500 °F or less were determined in which the total weight of Sn and Zn together was increased compared to presently used binder metals without compromising the bonding capability, strength, or toughness.
  • the solid metallic matrices made using a binder metal as disclosed herein have two phases compared to the single phased matrices using other binder metals (e.g., a binder metal of Comparative Formula-1 as described in Table 1, having a measured melting point of 1655 °F).
  • binder metals e.g., a binder metal of Comparative Formula-1 as described in Table 1, having a measured melting point of 1655 °F.
  • the term "about" preceding a value refers to the value including 0.5 less than the value and 0.5 more than the value.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn in which Sn is at least at about 6.5 weight %, and Sn and Zn together equal a total weight amount of about 26.5% to about 30.5%; Ni is present at about 4.5 to about 6.5 weight %; Mn is present at about 1 1 to about 26 weight %; and Cu is present at about 40 to about 55 weight %.
  • the composition does not include manganese and is weight balanced with copper.
  • Sn is at least at about 6.5 weight %, and Sn and Zn together equal a total weight amount of about 26.5% to about 30.5%; Ni is present at about 4.5 to about 6.5 weight %; and Cu is present at about 51 to about 81 weight %.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn in which Sn is at least at about 6.75 weight %, and Sn and Zn together equal a total weight amount of about 26.5% to about 30.5%; Ni is present at about 4.5 to about 6.5 weight %; Mn is present at about 14 to about 21 weight %; and Cu is present at about 45 to about 52 weight %.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn in which Sn is at least at about 6.75 weight %, and Sn and Zn together equal a total weight amount of about 26.5% to about 30.5%; Ni is present at about 4.5 to about 6.5 weight %; Mn is present at about 17 weight %; and Cu is present at about 49%.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 6.75% to about 16%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 12% to about 22.75%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 4.5% to about 6.5%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 1 1 to about 26%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 40 to about 55%.
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn represented herein by Formula 2 (For-2), in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 16%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 12%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 6%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 17%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 49%.
  • Figure 1 shows the DSC temperature curves for a Formula-2 binder metal, with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 1, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Formula 2 is 771 °C (1420 °F).
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn represented herein by Formula 3 (For-3), in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 10%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 19%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 5%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 17%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 49%.
  • Figure 2 shows the DSC temperature curves for a Formula-3 binder metal with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 2, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Formula 3 is 798 °C (1468 °F).
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn represented herein by Formula 4 (For-4), in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 13%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 15.5%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 5.5%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 17%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 49%.
  • Figure 3 shows the DSC temperature curves for a Formula-4 binder metal, with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 3, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Formula 4 is 779 °C (1434 °F).
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn represented herein by Formula 5 (For-5), in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 15%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 12.5%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 6.5%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 17%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 49%.
  • Figure 4 shows the DSC temperature curves for a Formula-5 binder metal, with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 4, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Formula 5 is 779 °C (1434 °F).
  • a binder metal composition has a melting point of 1500 °F or less and includes Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sn represented herein by Formula 6 (For-6), in which Sn is present in a weight amount of about 6.75%; Zn is present in a weight amount of about 22.75%; Ni is present in a weight amount of about 4.5%; Mn is present in a weight amount of about 17%; and Cu is present in a weight amount of about 49%.
  • Figure 5 shows the DSC temperature curves for a Formula-6 binder metal, with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 5, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Formula 6 is 81 1 °C (1492 °F).
  • Figure 6 shows the DSC temperature curve for Comparative Formula- 1, with the measured melting point at the peak (15) of the heating curve (5). As shown in Figure 6, the measured melting point for a binder metal of Comparative Formula-1 is 902 °C (1655 °F).
  • Table 1 shows the formulae and the measured melting point temperatures (from DSC curves of Figures 1-6) for Formulae 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and Comparative Formula- 1, as well as the crystallographic properties (based on the thermodynamic calculation).
  • the crystallographic properties as indicated include the face-centered cubic (FCC) data for each alloy.
  • binder metals having a melting point temperature of 1500 °F or less have balanced solid solution FCC-l/FCC-2 microstructure properties which are not found in other binder metals, e.g., a binder metal of Comparative Formula- 1.
  • the balance of FCC-1 (30) and FCC-2 (35) phases in a metal-matrix composite made from a binder metal of Formula-4 is shown in the SEM images ( Figure 9), and the corresponding semi-quantitative chemistry is provided in the energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) ( Figures 10 and 11).
  • EDS energy dispersion spectroscopy
  • the binder metal of Comparative Formula- 1 is resolved in the SEM and EDS images of Figures 7 and 8, in which the single FCC-1 (25) binder metal phase dominates the metal- matrix composite.
  • the single FCC-1 phase (45) of the binder metal of Comparative Example 1 is also resolved in a TEM image as shown in Figure 13.
  • binder metals having a melting point temperature of 1500 °F or less are infiltrated into the matrix particles (e.g. tungsten carbide) at lower infiltration temperatures to form the metal-matrix composite used in drill bit bodies.
  • the optical microscopy (OM) images of Figure 12 show the formation of a reaction layer around the cast tungsten carbide (20) at an infiltration temperature of 1950 °F, 1800 °F and 1700 °F, as indicated.
  • the lower infiltration temperature reduces the dissolution of cast tungsten carbide (22) and suppresses the formation of brittle phases, such as the carbon- deficient eta-phases (40).
  • lower infiltration temperature preserves the integrity of diamond.
  • the binder metal composition includes an additive element in which the additive element is up to about 5% of the binder metal composition by weight.
  • an additive element includes boron, silicon, iron, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and or combinations thereof.
  • the binder metal composition may include both boron and silicon.
  • boron and silicon are added together up to about 5% of the binder metal composition by weight.
  • boron and silicon are added together up to about 0.5% by weight.
  • boron is included from 0.05 to 0.07% by weight and silicon is added from 0.15 to 0.18% by weight.
  • the metal-matrix composite having the lower melting point binder metal as disclosed herein is used in the fabrication of drill bit bodies having a plurality of blades (e.g., ribs) disposed on the drill bit body and cutting elements, for example, as described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 8,020,644.
  • the metal- matrix materials may be combined with varying hard particles to make various aspects of the drill bit body having blades and cutting elements.
  • the metal-matrix composite for the disclosed components in U.S. Patent No. 8, 100,203 may include the disclosed lower melting point binder metal, having a melting point of 1500 °F or less.
  • a bit body made using a metal-matrix composite made with the presently disclosed lower melting point binder metal includes a blade or blades having diamond grit.
  • polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) inserts having a substrate made from a metal-matrix composite made with the presently disclosed lower melting point binder metal are attached to a drill bit body.
  • thermally stable polycrystalline diamond (TSP) cutting elements include a substrate made from a metal-matrix composite made with the presently disclosed lower melting point binder metal. Methods using PCD or TSP cutting elements are known in the art, and for example, are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,892,836 and U.S. Patent Publication No.
  • the presently disclosed lower melting point binder metal is used as the infiltrant in forming grit hot pressed inserts (GHIs), as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,394,202 and U.S. Patent No. 8,109,77.
  • GHIs grit hot pressed inserts
  • the lower melting point metal binders disclosed herein may be used in lieu of the binder metals disclosed in the cited references.
  • the infiltration temperature is the temperature required to melt the binder metal and allow for good flow of the binder metal and attachment to the hard particulate grains (e.g. the tungsten carbide grains).
  • the binder metals of Formulae 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have an infiltration temperature of 1800 °F, which is approximately 300 degrees higher than the melting point temperature of each of the binder metals of Formulae 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
  • a binder metal of Comparative Formula-1 having a melting point of 1655 °F, has an infiltration temperature of 1950 °F.
  • the infiltration temperature for a binder metal of Formulae 2-6 having a melting point of 1500 °F or less can be infiltrated with the hard phase matrix particles (e.g., tungsten carbide) at 1800 °F or less.
  • a binder metal as disclosed herein is used for infiltrating at an infiltration temperature of about 1790 °F.
  • a binder metal as disclosed herein is used for infiltrating at an infiltration temperature of about 1780 °F.
  • a binder metal as disclosed herein is used for infiltrating at an infiltration temperature of about 1770 °F.
  • the transverse rupture strength (TRS) was measured on solid matrices of tungsten carbide and binder metal for each of the binder metals of Formula 2-6 and Comparative Formula- 1.
  • TRS transverse rupture strength
  • Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness 3 ⁇ 4c of the solid metal-matrix composite is measured using a uniaxial bending method and reported in inch pounds or
  • the solid matrices using a binder metal of Formulae 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 have comparable toughness to the toughness of a solid metal-matrix composite made from a binder metal of Comparative Formula- 1.
  • Example 2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis was performed following standard methods known in the art. In brief, the melting of each binder metal was analyzed using the NETZSCH model DSC 404 Fl Pegasus® differential scanning calorimeter to measure the transformation energies of the binder metals.
  • Example 3 Preparation of solid metal-matrix composite for OM and SEM.
  • the solid metal matrix composite made of tungsten carbide particles and the binder metal was formed by infiltrating the tungsten carbide particles and the binder metal to form the solid metal-matrix composite.
  • a binder TEM sample was prepared by standard procedures and a final thinning process was completed by a Gatan Precision Ion Polishing System (PIPSTM).
  • TEM observations and analysis were performed on a JEOL 2010 Transmission Electron Microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200kV.
  • Selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns were obtained for each TEM image.
  • the SAD pattern corresponding to the TEM image of Figure 13 is shown in Figure 14.
  • the SAD pattern corresponding to the TEM image of Figure 15 is shown in Figure 16, and the two SAD patterns at two different angles corresponding to the TEM image of Figure 17 are shown in Figures 18 and 19.
  • a binder metal including Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn and Sn, in which Zn and Sn have a sum weight % of 26.5% to 30.5% in which Zn is at least 12% and Sn is at least 6.75%; Ni is at 4.5 to 6.5 weight %; Mn is at 1 1 to 26 weight %; and Cu is at 40 to 55 weight %, has a melting point of about 1500 °F or less and has a transverse rupture strength of 90-140 ksi varying with the hard phase matrix particles.
  • the binder metal according to the disclosed embodiments is infiltrated into the hard matrix particles at an infiltration temperature of about 1800 °F or less.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de métaux liants à base de cuivre, de manganèse, de nickel, de zinc et d'étain, ayant un point de fusion de 1500 ℉ ou moins, et comprenant du zinc et de l'étain dont le pourcentage en poids total est d'environ 26,5 % à environ 30,5 %, le zinc constituant au moins environ 12 % et Sn au moins environ 6,5 %.
PCT/US2013/076356 2012-12-31 2013-12-19 Métaux liants à point de fusion inférieur WO2014105595A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201380072460.9A CN104968814A (zh) 2012-12-31 2013-12-19 低熔点金属粘合剂

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US13/836,734 US20140182948A1 (en) 2012-12-31 2013-03-15 Lower melting point binder metals

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EP3181269A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2017-06-21 VAREL EUROPE (Société par Actions Simplifiée) Procédé de réduction de composés intermétalliques par collage de bits dans une matrice de processus à température réduite
CN110643880B (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-11-13 广东省材料与加工研究所 一种钻头胎体材料及其制备方法

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US5000273A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-03-19 Norton Company Low melting point copper-manganese-zinc alloy for infiltration binder in matrix body rock drill bits
US6328822B1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2001-12-11 Kiyohito Ishida Functionally graded alloy, use thereof and method for producing same
US6375706B2 (en) * 1999-08-12 2002-04-23 Smith International, Inc. Composition for binder material particularly for drill bit bodies
US20040244540A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-09 Oldham Thomas W. Drill bit body with multiple binders
WO2008103688A1 (fr) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Kennametal Inc. Matériaux composites comprenant une phase céramique dure et un alliage d'infiltration cu-ni-sn

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US6461401B1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2002-10-08 Smith International, Inc. Composition for binder material particularly for drill bit bodies

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5000273A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-03-19 Norton Company Low melting point copper-manganese-zinc alloy for infiltration binder in matrix body rock drill bits
US6328822B1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2001-12-11 Kiyohito Ishida Functionally graded alloy, use thereof and method for producing same
US6375706B2 (en) * 1999-08-12 2002-04-23 Smith International, Inc. Composition for binder material particularly for drill bit bodies
US20040244540A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-09 Oldham Thomas W. Drill bit body with multiple binders
WO2008103688A1 (fr) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Kennametal Inc. Matériaux composites comprenant une phase céramique dure et un alliage d'infiltration cu-ni-sn

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