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WO2013107083A1 - 一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉 - Google Patents

一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013107083A1
WO2013107083A1 PCT/CN2012/072066 CN2012072066W WO2013107083A1 WO 2013107083 A1 WO2013107083 A1 WO 2013107083A1 CN 2012072066 W CN2012072066 W CN 2012072066W WO 2013107083 A1 WO2013107083 A1 WO 2013107083A1
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Prior art keywords
wall
separator
horizontal
chamber
burnout
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PCT/CN2012/072066
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李清海
张衍国
康建斌
王谦
李俊臣
周晓彬
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清华大学
北京热华能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 清华大学, 北京热华能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 清华大学
Publication of WO2013107083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107083A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15026—Cyclone separators with horizontal axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed combustion device, in particular to a horizontal circulating fluidized bed combustion device with a horizontal cyclone separator, belonging to inferior coal, coal gangue, solid waste, urban and industrial sludge, raw Combustion equipment for inferior fuels such as substances is particularly suitable for circulating fluidized combustion of biomass containing less ash and coal gangue containing particularly high ash.
  • the main combustion equipments of inferior coal, coal gangue, solid waste, sludge, biomass and other inferior fuels in China are chain furnaces, water-cooled vibrating grate boilers and circulating fluidized bed boilers, etc., depending on the fuel selection. Furnace type and different furnace types have their own characteristics.
  • Circulating fluidized bed boiler is a highly efficient and clean combustion technology developed in recent years. It has wide fuel adaptability and can be burned with high quality coal, inferior coal, coal gangue, solid waste, biomass and other fuels. Because of its high combustion efficiency, it can simultaneously carry out pollution control operations such as desulfurization and denitrification in the furnace, and has the advantages of low NOx and SOx emissions. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed in the power market and is developing in the direction of large-scale, 300 million The circulating fluidized bed boiler has been put into commercial operation. However, in the power industry, the use of fuels such as inferior coal, coal gangue, solid waste, and biomass is prone to failures and power generation accidents, and thus applications are limited.
  • Chinese patent CN1786565A discloses a horizontal circulating fluidized bed combustion equipment and its cyclic combustion method, which uses an external separator to divide the furnace of a conventional vertical boiler. It is three parts, which effectively reduces the height of the furnace.
  • this technology uses an external separator.
  • the workload of the external separator is very low for biomass with less ash, such as biomass. In fact, it has limited effect and is not economical.
  • Chinese patent CN89103129.4 discloses a three-vortex internal separation circulating bed boiler which adopts a vortex separator and is arranged at the outlet of the furnace.
  • the material entering the separator has a high temperature and belongs to a high temperature separator. When the flammable content of the material is high, the combustible material is easily reburned in the refueling system, which affects the normal operation of the boiler.
  • the present invention provides a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler with a horizontal cyclone separator, which is compact in structure and at the same time, performs medium temperature separation on materials to avoid flammable materials being easily returned. Reburning coking in the system affects the normal operation of the boiler.
  • a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler with a horizontal cyclone separator comprising a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber and a tail flue composed of a dense phase region of the main combustion chamber and a dilute phase region of the main combustion chamber a ventilation board is arranged at a lower part of the main combustion chamber, a second water-cooling wall partition wall is arranged between the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber, and a first water-cooling wall partition wall is arranged between the auxiliary combustion chamber and the burn-out chamber, and the auxiliary combustion chamber and
  • the bottom of the burnout chamber forms a V-shaped ash hopper, which is characterized in that: a horizontal cyclone separator is arranged in the burnout chamber, and the outer cylinder of the horizontal cyclone separator is separated by a partition wall, a water wall of the exhaust wall of the burnout chamber, and a burning The water wall of the side wall of the inner chamber is enclosed, and the partition wall of the separator is composed of a circular
  • the segment and the partition wall of the separator are made of membrane water wall, and the central cylinder of the horizontal cyclone is inserted into the burnout chamber from both sides or one side of the water wall of the side wall of the burnout chamber;
  • the water wall of the wall of the back wall of the room and the water wall of the side wall of the burnout room are surrounded by the return passage; under the water wall of the back wall of the burnout room.
  • the part is arranged with a loose air nozzle, the wall of the V-shaped ash bucket, the material chute partition, the inclined section of the separator partition wall and the water wall of the side wall of the burnout chamber enclose a material chute, and the loose air nozzle and the material chute are directly aligned.
  • Column arrangement; the material chute partition is made of refractory material, and the material chute is a set of holes facing down along the wall of the V-shaped ash hopper.
  • the technical feature of the present invention is also that when the central cylinder of the separator is arranged on only one side, the ratio of the depth h2 of the central cylinder of the horizontal cyclone inserted into the burnout chamber to the furnace width h1 is 1/4 to 1 /3; When the center cylinder of the separator is arranged on both sides, the ratio of the sum of the depths h21 and h22 of the center cylinder to the burnout chamber to the width of the furnace is 1/4 to 1/3.
  • the ratio of the diameter D1 of the central cylinder of the horizontal cyclone to the diameter D2 of the arc segment of the separator partition wall constituting the outer cylinder of the separator is 0.4 to 0.5.
  • the ratio of the distance d1 between the lower vertical section of the separator partition wall and the water wall of the rear wall of the burnout chamber to the diameter D1 of the center cylinder is 0.1 to 0.2.
  • the technical feature of the present invention is that a superheater is disposed in the sub-combustion chamber.
  • the technical feature of the present invention resides in that a screen-type heating surface is disposed in the dilute phase region of the main combustion chamber.
  • the loose air duct is connected with the loose air nozzle, and the loose air flow rate of the loose air nozzle is 15-30 m/s.
  • the invention Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects: 1
  • the invention adopts a horizontal horizontal arrangement, The boiler height is greatly reduced, and the boiler steel consumption is saved, thereby effectively reducing the boiler cost.
  • the construction cost of the boiler plant can be greatly reduced due to the reduced boiler height. After the boiler height is reduced, the stability of the boiler is good, which makes the boiler and plant structure more compact and easy to repair and maintain.
  • the separator of the invention is arranged in the burnout chamber, on the one hand, the boiler arrangement is more compact, which is beneficial to reduce the cost; on the other hand, the water wall partition of the separator is equivalent to the increased heating surface, the flue gas and the material passing through the main combustion chamber and the secondary combustion After the heat is absorbed by the heated surface in the room or in the burnout room, the temperature is lowered to 400 ⁇ 600 °C, so the separator operating temperature is low, can avoid the problem of coking blockage caused by reburning in the returning system.
  • the separator of the invention has medium separation efficiency.
  • the separation efficiency of the separator has no significant influence on the material circulation, and the medium efficiency separator is used without affecting the performance, in view of the particularly low ash content of the fuel itself. It can reduce the resistance of the separator and reduce the running power consumption.
  • the medium separation efficiency can meet the demand of material circulation, and the operating power consumption can also be reduced. 4
  • the invention arranges a screen heating surface in a dilute phase region, which can reduce the combustion temperature and prevent or delay the slagging problem of biomass fuel combustion.
  • the present invention places a superheater in the secondary combustion chamber to generate superheated steam for power generation and heat supply.
  • the invention adopts the horizontally arranged separator, not only inherits the fuel adaptability of the horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler, and has high combustion efficiency, has the advantages of desulfurization and denitrification in the furnace, and further makes the structural arrangement more compact and further reduces the Cost and space utilization area.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure principle of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler with a horizontal cyclone separator according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of the horizontal cyclone disposed in the burnout chamber.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 1 showing an embodiment in which a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler is arranged with a center cylinder.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 1 showing an embodiment in which two horizontal cylinders are arranged in a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure principle of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler with a horizontal cyclone separator according to the present invention, which comprises a dense phase region of the main combustion chamber 2, the main combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber 6, the burnout chamber 7 and the tail flue 11 composed of the dilute phase zone 5 of the main combustion chamber, and the air distribution plate 1, the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber 6 are arranged in the lower part of the main combustion chamber.
  • Second water wall partition 31 A first water wall partition 30 is formed between the auxiliary combustion chamber 6 and the burnout chamber 7, and a V-shaped hopper 19 is formed at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 6 and the burnout chamber 7.
  • the cyclone separator 25, the outer cylinder of the horizontal cyclone separator 25 is surrounded by a separator partition wall 8, a rear wall water wall 23 of the burnout chamber, and a side wall water wall 24 of the burnout chamber, and the separator partition wall 8 It consists of a circular arc section 81 on the separator, a vertical section 26 of the separator partition wall and a slope section 28 of the separator partition.
  • the central cylinder of the horizontal cyclone separator 9 is from the side wall of the burnout chamber. The two sides or one side are inserted into the burnout chamber 7; the lower vertical section 26 of the partition wall and the water wall 23 of the burnout chamber and the water wall 24 of the side wall of the burnout chamber are surrounded by the return passage 27 .
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of the horizontal cyclone disposed in the burnout chamber
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 2.
  • a loose air nozzle 17 is arranged in the lower part of the wall water wall 23 of the burnout chamber, the wall surface 32 of the V-shaped ash bucket, the material chute partition 29, the separator partition wall section 28, and the side wall water wall of the burnout chamber 24 Enclosed into the material chute 18, the loose air spout 17 and the material chute 18 are arranged in the right direction.
  • Loose wind vents have a loose wind flow rate of 15 to 30 m/s.
  • the diameter D1 of 9 is 0.4 to 0.5 in diameter D2 with the arc segment 81 of the separator wall forming the outer cylinder of the separator.
  • Separator partition lower vertical section 26 and burnout chamber rear wall water wall The distance d1 between 23 and the diameter D1 of the center cylinder 9 is 0.1 to 0.2.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 1 showing an embodiment in which a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler is arranged with a center cylinder.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 1 showing an embodiment in which two horizontal cylinders are arranged in a horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the ratio of the depth h2 of the center cylinder inserted into the burnout chamber to the width h1 of the furnace is 1/4 to 1/3; when the center cylinder is arranged on both sides, the depth of the center cylinder of the horizontal cyclone is inserted into the depth of the burnout chamber.
  • the ratio of the sum of h21 and h22 to the width of the furnace is 1/4 to 1/3.
  • the fuel fed from the fuel feeding device 3 and supporting the combustion air is fed from the air distribution plate 1 and the fuel is sequentially in the dense phase of the main combustion chamber 2
  • the main combustion chamber dilute phase zone 5, the sub-combustion chamber 6 and the burn-out chamber 7 are combusted, and the flue gas carrying the particulate matter generated by the combustion is separated by the horizontal cyclone separator 25, and the flue gas is connected to the tail flue through the horizontal cyclone separator.
  • the V-shaped hopper 19 and the horizontal cyclone 25 between the two can separate the particulate matter in the flue gas.
  • the particulate material in the flue gas flows through the V-shaped hopper between the secondary combustion chamber 6 and the burnout chamber 7 At the time, some of the particulate material is separated and deposited in the V-shaped hopper due to inertial separation.
  • the particulate material that has not been separated continues to flow into the horizontal cyclone separator disposed in the burnout chamber 7 as the flue gas proceeds.
  • the particulate material circulation can circulate and burn unburned carbon particles to improve the combustion efficiency, and on the other hand, the concentration of the particulate material in the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber can be increased, and the heat transfer coefficient can be improved.
  • a superheater 22 is disposed in the sub-chamber 6 It can generate superheated steam and determine the size of the superheater according to the temperature of the superheated steam.
  • a screen heating surface is arranged in the dilute phase region 5 of the main combustion chamber.
  • the screen type heating surface 4 can pass water or steam, and the screen type heating surface 4 can be arranged in one or more groups. When the water is introduced, it is an evaporation heating surface, and when the steam is introduced, it is a superheater or a reheater.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，包括主燃室、副燃室（6）、燃尽室（7）和尾部烟道（11），燃尽室（7）内布置有水平旋风分离器（25）。水平旋风分离器（25）的外筒由分离器隔墙（8）、燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）围成，分离器隔墙（8）由分离器上圆弧段（81）、分离器隔墙下部垂直段（26）和分离器隔墙斜段（28）组成，水平旋风分离器的中心筒（9）从燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）两侧或者单侧插入燃尽室（7）；分离器隔墙下部垂直段（26）与燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）围成回料通道（27）；在燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）的下部布置松动风喷口（17），V形灰斗的壁面（32）、物料溜道隔板（29）、分离器隔墙斜段（28）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）围成物料溜道（18），松动风喷口（17）与物料溜道（18）正对顺列布置。该卧式循环流化床锅炉特别适用于含灰分少的生物质以及含灰分高的煤矸石等燃料的流化燃烧。

Description

一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉
本发明涉及一种循环流化床燃烧设备，尤其涉及一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床燃烧设备，属于劣质煤、煤矸石、固体废弃物、城市和工业污泥、生物质等劣质燃料的燃烧设备，特别适合于含灰分少的生物质以及含灰分特别高的煤矸石等的循环流化燃烧。
目前我国国内的劣质煤、煤矸石、固体废弃物、污泥、生物质等劣质燃料的主要燃烧设备是链条炉、水冷振动炉排锅炉和循环流化床锅炉等，根据不同的燃料选择不同的炉型、不同的炉型具有各自的特点。
循环流化床锅炉是近年来发展起来的高效清洁的燃烧技术，燃料适应性广，可燃用优质煤、劣质煤、煤矸石、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料。由于其燃烧效率高，能同时进行炉内脱硫、脱硝等污染控制操作，具有低NOx和SOx排放等优点，因而目前在电力市场得到了迅速的发展，正在向大型化方向发展，30万千万的循环流化床锅炉已投入商业运行。然而在电力行业，劣质煤、煤矸石、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料的使用容易产生故障、导致发电事故，因而应用受到了一定限制。相反，在工业锅炉领域，由于工业锅炉的蒸发量小、运行灵活、检修方便，因而劣质煤、煤矸石、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料等日益受到青睐。传统立式、单级循环流化床锅炉存在炉身高、锅炉岛体积庞大等缺点，对厂房建设要求较高。同时锅炉岛的支撑钢架以及锅炉岛本体的钢耗较大，使得项目造价和初投资较高。针对立式循环流化床锅炉在工业锅炉领域的缺陷，中国专利CN1786565A公布了一种卧式循环流化床燃烧设备及其循环燃烧方法，采用外置分离器、将传统立式锅炉的炉膛分为三个部分，从而有效降低了炉膛高度。但该技术采用了外置分离器，对生物质等灰分少的燃料，外置分离器的工作负荷非常低，事实上发挥作用有限，不够经济。 中国专利CN89103129.4公开了一种三漩涡内分离循环床锅炉，采用漩涡分离器，布置在炉膛出口处，进入分离器内的物料温度高，属于高温分离器。当物料内可燃质含量高时，可燃质容易在回料系统内再燃结焦，影响锅炉的正常运行。
 技术解决方案
针对现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，本发明提出一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，一方面结构布置紧凑，同时对物料进行中温分离，避免可燃质容易在回料系统内再燃结焦，影响锅炉的正常运行。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，它包括由主燃室密相区和主燃室稀相区组成的主燃室、副燃室、燃尽室和尾部烟道，在主燃室下部布置布风板，主燃室和副燃室之间有第二水冷壁隔墙，副燃室和燃尽室之间有第一水冷壁隔墙，在副燃室和燃尽室底部形成V形灰斗，其特征在于：在燃尽室内布置有水平旋风分离器，所述的水平旋风分离器的外筒由分离器隔墙、燃尽室后墙水冷壁和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁围成，分离器隔墙由分离器上圆弧段、分离器隔墙下部垂直段和分离器隔墙斜段组成，分离器上圆弧段、分离器隔墙下部垂直段和分离器隔墙斜段由膜式水冷壁制成，水平旋风分离器的中心筒从燃尽室侧墙水冷壁两侧或者单侧插入燃尽室；分离器隔墙下部垂直段与燃尽室后墙水冷壁和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁围成回料通道；在燃尽室后墙水冷壁的下部布置有松动风喷口，V形灰斗的壁面、物料溜道隔板、分离器隔墙斜段和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁围成物料溜道，松动风喷口与物料溜道正对顺列布置；物料溜道隔板由耐火材料制成，物料溜道是一组沿着V形灰斗的壁面向下的孔道。
本发明的技术特征还在于：当分离器中心筒只单侧布置时，所述的水平旋风分离器的中心筒单侧插入燃尽室的深度h2与炉膛宽度h1的比为1/4～1/3；当分离器的中心筒双侧布置时，中心筒双侧插入燃尽室的深度h21和h22的和与炉膛宽度的比为1/4~1/3。所述的水平旋风分离器的中心筒的直径D1与构成分离器外筒的分离器隔墙上圆弧段直径D2的比为0.4～0.5。分离器隔墙下部垂直段与燃尽室后墙水冷壁的距离d1与中心筒直径D1的比例为0.1～0.2。
针对工业锅炉发电需求，本发明的技术特征在于：在副燃室内布置有过热器。
针对生物质锅炉要求降低炉膛燃烧温度的需要，本发明的技术特征在于：在主燃室稀相区内布置有屏式受热面。
为了保证正常回料，松动风管连接松动风喷口，松动风喷口松动风流速为15～30m/s。
 有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及突出性效果： ① 本发明采用水平卧式布置，可 大大降低锅炉的高度，节省锅炉钢耗，从而有效地降低了锅炉成本。同时由于锅炉高度降低后，锅炉厂房的建造成本可大幅度降低。锅炉高度降低后，锅炉的稳定性好，可使锅炉及厂房结构更加紧凑，也便于检修维护。② 本发明分离器布置在燃尽室，一方面可使锅炉布置更加紧凑，利于降低造价；另一方面分离器水冷壁隔墙相当于增加了受热面，烟气和物料经过主燃室、副燃室、燃尽室内等受热面吸热后，温度降低到 400 ～ 600 ℃，因而分离器工作温度低，可避免回料系统内因再燃而产生的结焦堵塞问题。③ 本发明分离器具有中等的分离效率，对于灰分含量低的生物质燃料，鉴于燃料本身的灰分特别低，分离器分离效率对物料循环影响不显著，在不影响性能的前提下采用中等效率分离器能够降低分离器的阻力从而降低运行电耗；对煤矸石等高灰分的燃料，中等的分离效率即可满足物料循环量的需求，同样也可降低运行电耗。④本发明在稀相区布置屏式受热面，可降低燃烧温度，阻止或者延缓生物质燃料燃烧的结渣问题。⑤本发明在副燃室内布置过热器，可产生过热蒸汽用于发电和供热。本发明由于采用水平布置的分离器，不但继承了卧式循环流化床锅炉的燃料适应性广、且燃烧效率高，具有炉内脱硫、脱硝的优点，而且使结构布置更加紧凑，进一步降低了造价和空间利用面积。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明所提供带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉的结构原理示意图。
图 2 为水平旋风分离器布置在燃尽室的结构图。
图 3 为图 2 的 A-A 剖视 图。
图4为图1的俯视图，表示卧式循环流化床锅炉布置一个中心筒的实施例。
图5为图1的俯视图，表示卧式循环流化床锅炉布置两个中心筒的实施例。
图中： 1 －布风板； 2 －主燃室密相区； 3 －燃料给进装置； 4 －屏式受热面； 5 －主燃室稀相区； 6 －副燃室； 7 －燃尽室； 8 －分离器隔墙； 9 －中心筒； 10 －水平旋风分离器与尾部烟道连接通道； 11 －尾部烟道； 12 －省煤器； 13 －空气预热器； 14 －灰斗； 15 －锅炉的烟道； 16 －松动风管； 17 －松动风喷口； 18 －物料溜道； 19 － V 形灰斗； 20 －回料器； 21 －返料口； 22 －过热器； 23 －燃尽室后墙水冷壁； 24 －燃尽室侧墙水冷壁； 25 －水平旋风分离器； 26 －分离器隔墙下部垂直段； 27 － 回料通道； 28- 分离器隔墙斜段； 29 －物料溜道隔板； 30 －第一水冷壁隔墙； 31 －第二水冷壁隔墙； 32 － V 形灰斗的壁面； 81 －分离器隔墙上圆弧段。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式及工作过程作进一步的说明。
图 1 为本发明所提供带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉的结构原理示意图， 它包括由主燃室密相区 2 和主燃室稀相区 5 组成的主燃室、副燃室 6 、燃尽室 7 和尾部烟道 11 ，在主燃室下部布置布风板 1 ，主燃室和副燃室 6 之间有第二水冷壁隔墙 31 ，副燃室 6 和燃尽室 7 之间有第一水冷壁隔墙 30 ，在副燃室 6 和燃尽室 7 底部形成 V 形灰斗 19 。在燃尽室 7 内布置有 水平 旋风分离 器 25 ，所述的 水平 旋风分离 器 25 的外筒由分离器隔墙 8 、燃尽室后墙水冷壁 23 和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁 24 围成，分离器隔墙 8 由分离器上圆弧段 81 、分离器隔墙下部垂直段 26 和分离器隔墙斜段 28 组成，水平 旋风分离 器的 中心筒 9 从燃尽室侧墙水冷壁 24 两侧或者单侧插入燃尽室 7 ；分离 器 隔墙下部垂直段 26 与燃尽室后墙水冷壁 23 和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁 24 围成回料通道 27 。
图 2 为水平旋风分离器布置在燃尽室的结构图 ， 图 3 为图 2 的 A-A 剖视 图。 在燃尽室后墙水冷壁 23 的下部布置松动风喷口 17 ， V 形灰斗的壁面 32 、物料溜道隔板 29 、分离器隔墙斜段 28 和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁 24 围成物料溜道 18 ，松动风喷口 17 与物料溜道 18 正对顺列布置。松动风喷口松动风流速为 15 ～ 30m/s 。 所述的 水平 旋风分离 器的 中心筒 9 的直径 D1 与构成分离器外筒的 分离器隔墙上圆弧段 81 直径 D2 的比为 0.4 ～ 0.5 。 分离器隔墙下部垂直段 26 与燃尽室后墙水冷壁 23 的距离 d1 与中心筒 9 直径 D1 的比例为 0.1 ～ 0.2 。
图4为图1的俯视图，表示卧式循环流化床锅炉布置一个中心筒的实施例。图5为图1的俯视图，表示卧式循环流化床锅炉布置两个中心筒的实施例。 当只单侧布置中心筒时， 中心筒单侧 插入燃尽室的深度 h2 与炉膛宽度 h1 的比为 1/4 ～ 1/3 ；当双侧布置中心筒时， 水平 旋风分离 器的 中心筒双侧 插入燃尽室的深度 h21 和 h22 的和与炉膛宽度的比为 1/4~1/3 。
燃料从燃料给进装置 3 送入、支持燃烧的空气从布风板 1 送入，燃料依次在主燃室密相区 2 、主燃室稀相区 5 、副燃室 6 和燃尽室 7 内燃烧，燃烧产生的携带颗粒物料的烟气通过水平旋风分离器 25 分离，烟气通过水平旋风分离器与尾部烟道连接通道 10 进入尾部烟道 11 ，依次流过省煤器 12 和空气预热器 13 ，部分灰颗粒落入灰斗 14 ，烟气则流入锅炉的烟道 15 。副燃室 6 与燃尽室 7 之间的 V 形灰斗 19 和水平旋风分离器 25 均可分离烟气中的颗粒物料。烟气中的颗粒物料流经副燃室 6 和燃尽室 7 之间的 V 形灰斗 19 时，由于惯性分离作用，一些颗粒物料被分离并沉积在 V 形灰斗中。没有分离下来的颗粒物料随着烟气继续流入布置在燃尽室 7 内的水平旋风分离器 25 ，在水平旋风分离器 25 内得到进一步分离，水平旋风分离器 25 分离下来的颗粒物料沿着回料通道 27 ，在松动风喷口 17 喷出的回料风的作用下，半依靠重力半依靠风力的作用下流过物料溜道 18 ，与 V 形灰斗 19 内的颗粒物料汇合，然后通过 V 形灰斗 19 下部的 回料器 20 送入密相区的返料口 21 ，颗粒物料从返料口 21 进入主燃室密相区 2 ，从而实现物料的循环。通过颗粒物料循环一方面可循环燃烧未燃尽的碳颗粒，提高燃烧效率，另一方面还可以提高主燃室、副燃室的颗粒物料浓度，提高传热系数。
对要求提供过热器蒸汽的锅炉，在副燃室 6 内布置有过热器 22 ，可产生过热蒸汽，根据过热蒸汽的温度确定过热器面积的大小。当燃烧生物质燃料时，为降低主燃室稀相区出口的温度，在主燃室稀相区 5 内布置有屏式受热面 4 ，屏式受热面 4 内可通水或者蒸汽，屏式受热面 4 可布置一组或者多组，当通入水时为蒸发受热面，当通入蒸汽时为过热器或者再热器。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，它包括由主燃室密相区（2）和主燃室稀相区（5）组成的主燃室、副燃室（6）、燃尽室（7）和尾部烟道(11)，在主燃室下部布置布风板（1），主燃室和副燃室（6）之间有第二水冷壁隔墙（31），副燃室（6）和燃尽室（7）之间有第一水冷壁隔墙（30），在副燃室（6）和燃尽室（7）底部形成V形灰斗（19），其特征在于：在燃尽室（7）内布置有水平旋风分离器（25），所述的水平旋风分离器（25）的外筒由分离器隔墙（8）、燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）围成，分离器隔墙（8）由分离器上圆弧段（81）、分离器隔墙下部垂直段（26）和分离器隔墙斜段（28）组成，水平旋风分离器的中心筒（9）从燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）两侧或者单侧插入燃尽室（7）；分离器隔墙下部垂直段（26）与燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁（24）围成回料通道（27）；在燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）的下部布置松动风喷口（17），V形灰斗的壁面（32）、物料溜道隔板（29）、分离器隔墙斜段（28）和燃尽室侧墙水冷壁围成物料溜道（18），松动风喷口（17）与物料溜道（18）正对顺列布置。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，其特征在于：所述的水平旋风分离器的中心筒只在单侧插入时，插入燃尽室的深度h2与炉膛宽度h1的比为1/4～1/3；当水平旋风分离器的中心筒双侧插入时，插入燃尽室的深度h21和h22的和与炉膛宽度的比为1/4~1/3，且h21=h22。
  3. 按照权利要求1或2所述的一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，其特征在于：所述的水平旋风分离器的中心筒（9）的直径D1与构成分离器外筒的分离器隔墙上圆弧段（81）直径D2的比为0.4～0.5。
  4. 按照权利要求3所述的一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，其特征在于：分离器隔墙下部垂直段（26）与燃尽室后墙水冷壁（23）的距离d1与中心筒（9）直径D1的比例为0.1～0.2。
  5. 按照权利要求4所述的一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，其特征在于：在所述的副燃室（6）内布置有过热器（22）。
  6. 按照权利要求4所述的一种带有水平旋风分离器的卧式循环流化床锅炉，其特征在于：在主燃室稀相区（5）内布置有屏式受热面（4）。
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CN106931452A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-07-07 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 带补燃室的饱和流化床垃圾炉结构
CN107084387A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-08-22 清华大学 一种烟气回燃的多流程低NOx卧式循环流化床锅炉
CN107084387B (zh) * 2017-06-12 2022-08-30 清华大学 一种烟气回燃的多流程低NOx卧式循环流化床锅炉
CN109059263A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2018-12-21 青岛特利尔环保股份有限公司 流态平衡水煤浆循环流化燃烧热水锅炉及其燃烧方法
CN109058963A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2018-12-21 青岛特利尔环保股份有限公司 流态平衡水煤浆循环流化燃烧蒸汽锅炉及其燃烧方法
CN111336503A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-06-26 太原锅炉集团有限公司 适应高粘性烟气的循环流化床锅炉及流态重构方法
CN112254143A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-01-22 北京一亚高科能源科技有限公司 Tfb气化焚烧炉
CN113531549A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-10-22 太原锅炉集团有限公司 一种纯燃污泥的循环流化床锅炉
CN116481021A (zh) * 2023-05-17 2023-07-25 哈尔滨红光锅炉总厂有限责任公司 一种可分别燃煤及水煤浆的环保节能型循环流化床锅炉
CN119040036A (zh) * 2024-10-23 2024-11-29 广州信邦智能装备股份有限公司 一种生物质高速循环流化床气化系统、方法以及相关装置

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