WO2013051523A1

WO2013051523A1 - Device for utilization of volumetric expansion of gas

Info

Publication number: WO2013051523A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/075441
Authority: WO
Inventors: 佐藤賢治
Original assignee: 一般社団法人太陽エネルギー研究所
Priority date: 2011-10-03
Filing date: 2012-10-02
Publication date: 2013-04-11

Abstract

[Problem] To reduce the energy used by a refrigeration cycle device. Adiabatic compressors are used in refrigeration cycle devices, and most are driven by electric power. Technology is required for refrigeration cycle devices to conserve electricity and generate electricity using renewable energy when the power from an electric power supply is insufficient. [Solution] A gas that is not at critical temperature is liquefied by volumetric expansion. The energy extracted at the time of liquefaction is used to generate electricity.

Description

Gas volume expansion device

Refrigeration cycle equipment and power generation equipment

There is a vapor compression refrigeration cycle apparatus as a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
The power of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is mainly electric power.
The refrigeration cycle apparatus is used for freezing and refrigeration of food.
Many are used as air conditioners.
Refrigeration cycle efficiency improvement measures include inverter control technology, liquid gas heat exchange, and ejectors. Examples of power generation using renewable energy include wind power generation, solar power generation, biomass power generation, and geothermal power generation.

There is a demand for reduction in energy consumption of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
There is a need to improve the energy efficiency of steam-fired thermal power generation.
An adiabatic compressor is used in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle apparatus, and most is driven by electric power.
There is a need for a refrigeration cycle that does not use an adiabatic compressor.
The use of renewable energy is required.
There is a need for power saving in refrigeration cycle equipment.
There is a demand for power generation using renewable energy due to insufficient power supply.

A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus for achieving this object is characterized by comprising gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas.
In conventional techniques, work or heat is required for isothermal expansion, and work is added in advance. In other words, it was an endothermic process such as compression or isothermal expansion of the Carnot cycle.
However, according to the present invention, when the gas is volume-expanded, the work is taken out without adding work.
Work W is required to expand the volume of the gas.
The work amount W at the time of volume expansion of gas under the condition where heat does not enter and exit from the surroundings varies depending on the working fluid.
Case 1 The temperature of the gas during volume expansion is above the critical point. In this case, the work W is procured from the gas itself, and the temperature and pressure of the gas decrease.
W = R (T1-T2) log (VB / VA)
R is gas constant J / kg · K
T1 is a pre-expansion temperature T2 is a post-expansion temperature, so-called adiabatic expansion.
Case 2 The temperature of the gas during volume expansion is below the critical point. In this case as well, work W can be obtained from the gas itself, but the gas below the critical point temperature has two phases, liquid phase and gas phase. Is performed at an isothermal isobaric pressure, resulting in an isothermal expansion.

Therefore, work W = RTlog (VB / VA)

Depending on the evaporation temperature, the conversion efficiency of work W and heat is 100%.
Heat is the amount of heat absorbed by evaporation.
The working fluid below the critical point during volume expansion includes alternative chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R22, R404, R407, R410, and R134a, and natural refrigerants such as water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and isobutane.
Work W required for isothermal expansion is obtained from the gas itself and is liquefied when the work W 2 extracted from the gas is equivalent to the heat of vaporization.
Therefore, when a gas having a temperature below the critical point is volume-expanded, it can be liquefied at the evaporation temperature.
The amount of liquefaction is q where the heat of vaporization is q.

Liquefaction amount = W / q = {RTlog (VB / VA) / q}
Next, according to the law of conservation of mass, mass of inflow gas = mass of effluent liquid + mass of effluent gas.
Also, since there is no heat in and out due to the law of conservation of energy, the effluent liquid energy decreases + the effluent gas energy increases = 0
Since the decrease in the energy of the effluent liquid is the volume expansion work W, the increase in the energy of the gas is W.
Here, since the velocity energy of the inflowing gas is about 10 m / s in the normal refrigeration cycle, the energy can be ignored at (1/2) 102 = 50J.
Further, if the cross-sectional areas of the inlet port for the inflowing gas and the discharge port for the outflowing gas are equal, the pressure term can be ignored because it is isothermal and isobaric.
Therefore, the increase in energy of the outflow gas becomes velocity energy.
The volume expansion work is W, where the velocity of the outflow gas is V.
If the heat of vaporization is q

It becomes.
The volume expansion work is reduced by the velocity energy of the inflowing gas.
Therefore, the velocity of the inflowing gas at the time of the volume expansion liquefaction needs to be sufficiently small such as about 10 m / s.
The velocity energy per kg at 10 m / s is 50 J, which is very small.

Further, the working fluid is characterized in that it exists in a two-phase state of liquid gas at the time of volume expansion liquefaction.
Refrigerating cycle refrigerants such as R22, R134a, R404, R410, R407, R717, and water are present in a two-phase state of liquid and gas at room temperature. This property is utilized by the refrigeration cycle.
In order to liquefy with the gas expansion liquefaction means, it is necessary that the working fluid be a two-phase working fluid under pressure and temperature conditions during volume expansion. That is, the condition of liquefaction is that the working fluid is below the critical temperature during volume expansion.

Further, the apparatus further includes a plurality of the gas expansion liquefaction means.
Since the expansion ratio is limited, all the gas is liquefied by using a plurality of gas expansion liquefaction means in series or in parallel. In order to completely liquefy, it is better to serialize.

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises extraction energy utilization means for utilizing the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means.

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises mechanical energy conversion means for converting energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into mechanical energy.
It is a so-called turbine. The energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes velocity energy because the pressure and temperature are constant.
Energy is extracted at the evaporation temperature by the volume expansion means for the turbine, and the gas is a low-temperature and high-speed gas.
Therefore, it is not necessary to select a turbine material with a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in a conventional turbine.
The turbine type is an impulse turbine.
Considering the efficiency of the generator and the efficiency of the turbine, an energy extraction of about 140 kw is required for 100 kw power generation.
Power generation efficiency 90%
If the turbine efficiency is 85%,
The extraction energy can be adjusted by selecting the evaporation temperature, flow rate, expansion ratio, and working fluid.
Because,
W = RTlog (VB / VA)
Because.

Further, the apparatus further comprises pressure energy conversion means for converting the velocity energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into pressure energy.
Velocity energy is converted to pressure energy by using a diffuser, swirl chamber, Laval nozzle, etc., and the temperature and pressure are increased and used for heating, hot water supply, and frost.
"Calculation of heating"
In order to set the temperature of the gas of 1 kg to 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., the work amount of Cp × 50K is required if the constant pressure specific heat is Cp.
Since Cp of R22 is 0.681, the required energy is 0.681 × 50K = 34.05 kJ.
Since the energy of 1 kg of steam is about 200 kJ, about 40 kJ energy can be extracted and pressure converted to increase the temperature of 50 k.
Therefore, the liquefaction rate is 20%.
Heating capacity in this case 200kw + 40kw = 240kw / kg
Since it is a Laval nozzle, it slows down.
Then the pressure rises and can be used as heating.
In addition, in order to make it 80 ℃ with hot water supply etc.,
80k x 0.681 = 54.5kJ required
Liquefaction rate is 545 ÷ 200 = 27.25%

Hot water supply capacity 200 + 54.5 = 254.5kw
In this way, the temperature can be controlled by changing the liquefaction rate.
In the calculation of the liquefaction rate, 0. A gas of 646 kg has a gas enthalpy and velocity energy W 72,486J.
This velocity energy is converted into pressure energy to raise the temperature.
Low pressure specific heat Cp of R22 is 0.681kJ / kgK
Therefore, the velocity energy of 72.486 kJ is the mass of the gas × Cp × K (temperature difference).
Therefore, 0.646 × 0.681 × K = 72.486
温度 K = 164K temperature rise is possible.
However, since the temperature difference is too large, the extraction energy W is reduced.
In order to reduce the extraction energy, the expansion ratio is reduced.
Therefore, the expansion ratio is set to 4.
Therefore, the expansion part of the inflator is 130 mm.
・ Extraction energy is W = RTlog (VB / VA)
W = 96 × 213.15 × log4
= 36,186J
Since the amount of liquefaction is W / q
36,186 ÷ 204.59
= 0.176 kg.

The remaining gas amount is 0.824 kg.
Therefore, 0.824 × 0.681 × K = 36.186
Therefore, K = 64.48 and the temperature rises by 64.48 ° C.
The freezing effect at this time is 0.824 kg of heat of vaporization of 0. 824 × 204.59 + 36.186
= 168.58 + 36.186
= 204.766 kw.
As a result, it is possible to heat 204.766 kw while cooling with a freezing effect of 204.59 kw.

Further, the apparatus further comprises power generation means for converting the mechanical energy converted by the mechanical energy conversion means into electric energy.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a condensing means for condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the working fluid.
The working fluid is liquefied by cooling it with outside air or water for heating and defrost circuits.
It is a condenser in the refrigeration cycle.
It is a condenser in brackish water power generation.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a pump for delivering the working fluid liquid.
A pump is needed as a starting force to turn the cycle.
Also, a pressure difference is necessary to reduce the pressure loss of the piping, expansion of the throttle, and the evaporation pressure with the nozzle.
A pump is necessary for this boosting.
Normally, a canned pump is used for the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
The boiler uses a high-pressure pump.

Further, the apparatus further comprises an evaporation means for evaporating the liquid of the working fluid.
It is a boiler in brackish water power generation and an evaporator in a refrigeration cycle.
In the refrigeration cycle, the liquid in the refrigerant absorbs energy and the liquid becomes gas.
Evaporation is endothermic or energy absorption.
The change is isothermal expansion.
When the energy absorbed by the evaporation means is extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means, energy without an external combustion heat source can be extracted.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a liquid pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid of the working fluid to a predetermined evaporation pressure.
In a normal refrigeration cycle, it is a throttle expansion means. These are expansion valve orifices and capillary tubes.
The liquid low pressure means is a means for lowering the working fluid liquid liquefied by the volume expansion liquefaction means to the design evaporation pressure.
Since the liquefaction of the present invention is performed at the evaporation temperature corresponding to the evaporation pressure, it is not necessary to squeeze when the designed evaporation temperature is reached.
Wherein the cross-sectional area of the density A of the orifice of the liquid because the pump of the liquid transfer when the flow rate Q is constant and P ₁ liquefied fluid pressure P ₁ of the pressure P ₂ pressure [rho ₁ design evaporating pressure P ₃ of the pump of the C Is the spill coefficient

If ρ is constant, the orifice cross-sectional area A is inversely proportional to the square root of the pressure difference.
Therefore, when P ₁ = P ₃ , the cross-sectional area is maximum, and the higher P ₁ is, the smaller the orifice diameter becomes.

Further, a pressure sensor that detects the pressure liquefied by the volume expansion means and converts it into an electric signal;
An electronic control valve that changes the valve opening by an electrical signal;
An electronic control valve controller for linearly controlling the electric signal of the pressure sensor to the valve opening degree is provided.
The pressure sensor converts the liquid pressure into an electrical signal.
Evaporation pressure 0.1Mpa 4mA
Evaporation pressure 1.5Mpa 20mA
When 4 mA, that is, 0.1 Mpa, the orifice is fully opened and 1.5 Mpa is 20 mA. When 20 mA, the valve opening is minimized.
If the P ₁ and pressure P ₂ the design evaporation pressure P ₃ of the sectional area C of the orifice density A of the pressure [rho ₁ of pressure P ₁ liquid discharge coefficient of the pump of the liquefied solution

Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising a low pressure switching means for switching the liquid low pressure means.

Further, the working fluid is a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
R22, R404, R407, R410, ammonia, carbon dioxide, isobutane, and the like.

Further, the working fluid is water.
Water is optimal as a working fluid because it has a large heat of vaporization and is stable at high temperatures.
Often used in thermal power generation.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is a gas volume expansion part,
A gas inlet,
A gas-liquid separation unit that gas-liquid separates the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the volume expansion of the gas and the gas not liquefied;
It is characterized by setting it as an expander provided with a gas discharge part.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means, the mechanical energy conversion means, and the power generation means may be an expander that uses a heat insulating compressor.
A heat-insulating compressor such as a scroll expander is reversely used.
The discharge port of the adiabatic compressor is used as the suction port of the expander and rotated in reverse.
It is also possible to use the compressor motor as a generator.

In addition, a low-pressure receiver that stores the working fluid liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is further provided.
Since the liquefaction by the gas expansion liquefaction means is performed at the evaporation temperature, the pressure becomes low.

Furthermore, a final liquid receiver for storing the liquid of the working fluid is further provided.
When the cycle is not operated, the working fluid is at room temperature. Therefore, at the time of start-up, liquid is sent from the final receiver by a pump.

Further, it is characterized by further including a moving means.
The moving means is an automobile, a ship, a train or the like.

Moreover, it is characterized by further providing a building.
Buildings include data centers, factories, apartment houses, office buildings, and the like.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising power storage means.
In this device, power generation can be performed without fuel. However, since an external power source is required at the start of the cycle, power storage means is attached.
Examples are storage batteries and capacitors.

Further, the electronic power converter is further provided.
A power converter is an inverter or converter.

Further, the pressure converting means is characterized by having a taper spread.
When energy is extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means, the gas of the working fluid that has not been liquefied becomes high speed.
The device changes depending on whether the pressure conversion means exceeds the speed of sound or not.
When exceeding the speed of sound, use a taper nozzle.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the pressure converting means is diffused.
If the velocity of the gas that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is less than the speed of sound, a diffuser is used.

Furthermore, the evaporator is an evaporator used in a refrigeration cycle.

Further, the evaporation means is a boiler.

Furthermore, the mechanical energy conversion means is a turbine.
Since the gas not liquefied by the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes a high-speed gas, the turbine converts the velocity energy into mechanical energy.
Thereby, the thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation means can be converted into mechanical energy.

Further, the turbine member is made of synthetic resin.
Since the temperature of the working fluid is the evaporation temperature, the evaporation pressure temperature can be controlled.
Therefore, when the evaporation temperature is set to 0 ° C., the temperature of the working fluid flowing into the turbine can be set to 0 ° C.
Therefore, instead of a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in the prior art, a heat-sensitive synthetic resin can be used for the impeller, blade, and rotor of the turbine.
Synthetic resins are plastics, and those that are strong like engineer plastics are optimal for turbine materials.
Further, fiber reinforced plastic may be used.
Compared to iron alloys, plastic is lighter, so when used in a turbine, mechanical loss is reduced.
Since a magnetic bearing cannot be used as a plastic bearing, it is preferable to use a fluid bearing in which a fluid is used as a working fluid.

Further, the liquid pressure reducing means is a nozzle.

Further, the turbine bearing is a fluid bearing, and the fluid is a working fluid.
Since the turbine rotates at high speed, the choice of bearings is important.
Air bearings are used in micro gas turbines.
Usually, the air bearing needs a compressor that sends air.
However, since the gas after volume expansion and liquefaction is high speed, the working fluid can be used as the fluid of the fluid bearing.

Further, the condenser means is a condenser used in a refrigeration cycle.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the evaporation means having different evaporation pressures is provided.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is provided for each different evaporation pressure.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a low-pressure receiver pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure of the liquid in the low-pressure receiver.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a low-pressure receiver liquid level detecting means for detecting the liquid level of the low-pressure receiver.

Further, the apparatus further comprises pump liquid source switching means for switching the liquid source of the pump to the low pressure liquid receiver or the final liquid receiver.

Furthermore, a first pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the expander and the low-pressure liquid receiver equal to each other.

Furthermore, a second pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the low-pressure receiver and the high-pressure receiver equal.

In addition, a heating heat source for heating the gas of the working fluid is further provided.

In addition, a vacuum pump is further provided.
A vacuum pump is used to assist in lowering the liquid temperature and pressure.
When the working fluid is water, the vacuum pump is evaporated.

In addition, the apparatus further includes an object temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the object to be cooled.
The object to be cooled is the temperature of the air in the refrigerator and the temperature of the refrigerator in the freezer.
The temperature detecting means is a thermostat or the like.

Further, the working fluid is geothermal steam.

Furthermore, a pressure vessel,
A reciprocating liquid that reciprocates in the pressure vessel;
A reciprocating liquid suction valve;
A reciprocating liquid discharge valve;
A gas intake valve and a gas discharge valve;
A liquid reciprocating compressor including a pump for sending a reciprocating liquid at a high pressure is provided.
It is a reciprocating gas compressor that uses liquid instead of a piston.
A pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with liquid.
The liquid is stored in advance.
If the liquid is oil with very low evaporation pressure and the gas is air, it can be used as a vacuum pump.
As the oil, a fluorine-based oil for a vacuum pump may be used.
When gas is used as a refrigerant and a liquid is used as a low-temperature refrigerant of the same liquid, a gas-liquid mixed condenser is obtained.
When the gas suction valve is closed and the liquid is lowered, a vacuum pump is obtained, and when the gas suction valve is opened and the liquid is lowered, a gas compressor is obtained.

Further, the reciprocating liquid is used as a vacuum pump oil,
The gas is air.
This is a so-called air compressor. Since the oil for vacuum pumps has a low vapor pressure, it can be used as a liquid piston for a liquid reciprocating compressor.

In addition, a heat insulating compressor is further provided.
The working fluid that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is made high temperature and high pressure by an adiabatic compressor and liquefied by a condenser.

Further, the reciprocating liquid is a refrigeration cycle liquid refrigerant,
The gas is a gas refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.

Furthermore, a gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the condenser and the gas of the working fluid evaporated by the evaporation means is provided.

Furthermore, the gas-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a check valve for preventing a backflow of gas.

In addition, a heating heat source is further provided.
A heating heat source such as a combustion heat source is used when the working fluid is changed to a high temperature and a high pressure by the pressure conversion means, but a higher temperature is desired.

Further, the communication device further includes a communication unit.

Further, the heating heat source is a computer heat generation heat source.
In the data center, the CPU of the computer is the heat source.
Evaporator heat source for evaporator.

Furthermore, a heat pipe for transporting the heat of the heating heat source to the evaporation means is further provided.
In order to transport the heat generated by the CPU to the evaporator, the CPU and the evaporator's evaporator pipe are connected by a heat pipe to transport the CPU generated heat to the evaporator.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a compression means for compressing the gas with the mechanical energy converted by the gas energy conversion means.
The adiabatic compressor is moved and compressed by mechanical energy obtained by expanding the gas to extract energy and extracting the gas that has not been liquefied and liquefied.

In addition, a heat insulating compressor is further provided.
When isothermal expansion is repeated by the expansion means, the gas is gradually liquefied, but each time it is liquefied, the amount of gas decreases and the energy extraction efficiency deteriorates. Therefore, the remaining gas is condensed and liquefied using an adiabatic compressor.

The apparatus further comprises a liquid reciprocating compressor comprising a pressure vessel, a liquid, a gas, a gas suction valve, a gas discharge valve, a liquid suction valve, a liquid, a discharge valve, and valve control means. is there.
It is a reciprocating gas compressor that uses liquid instead of a piston.
A pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with gas.
The liquid is stored in advance.
If the liquid is oil with very low evaporation pressure and the gas is air, it can be used as a vacuum pump.
As the oil, a fluorine-based oil for a vacuum pump may be used.
When gas is used as a refrigerant and a liquid is used as a low-temperature refrigerant of the same liquid, a gas-liquid mixed condenser is obtained.

And further refrigerant,
A pressure vessel;
A high-pressure pump that delivers liquid refrigerant at high pressure;
Refrigerant liquefied by the condensing means;
An intake valve and a discharge valve for liquid refrigerant;
A refrigerant vapor suction valve;
A gas-liquid mixing condenser comprising control means for a liquid suction valve, a liquid discharge valve, and a refrigerant vapor suction valve is provided.
It is a reciprocating compressor using a low-temperature refrigerant liquefied by expansion means as a piston.
Open the refrigerant vapor suction valve and suck the refrigerant vapor into the pressure vessel.
After the suction, the refrigerant vapor suction valve is closed and the liquid refrigerant suction valve is opened to fill the pressure vessel with the liquid refrigerant.
A high pressure pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with gas.
When the liquid is filled, the liquid level in the pressure vessel rises.
When the liquid level rises, the refrigerant vapor is compressed and the pressure temperature rises.
At this time, since the liquid refrigerant is at a low temperature, heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant vapor is performed, and the refrigerant vapor is liquefied and condensed.
When the liquid discharge valve and the refrigerant vapor suction valve are opened after the compression condensation, the refrigerant vapor is sucked with a decrease in the liquid level.
In order to rotate the refrigeration cycle without interruption, two gas-liquid mixing condensers should be installed.
Condensation is possible if the liquid is filled to a sufficiently high pressure with a high-pressure pump.
If about 99% is liquefied and condensed by the expansion means and the final liquefaction condensation is performed by the gas-liquid mixing condenser, the difference in specific volume between the liquid and the gas is about the same, the rise in liquid temperature is suppressed, and the amount of liquid delivered is reduced.
The liquid is stored in advance.

And a pressure vessel for further containing gas,
It is characterized by comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger composed of a pressure vessel containing liquid with a heat transfer plate attached to compensate for the difference in heat transfer coefficient between liquid and gas.
Heat exchange between liquid and gas.
When the gas is a refrigerant or water other than the atmosphere, it is necessary to seal the gas, so this structure is adopted.
When aluminum plate fins are used as the expansion heat transfer surface, heat exchange is possible even for gases with low thermal conductivity.

Furthermore, the gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the low-temperature gas, the liquid, the high-temperature gas, the low-temperature gas and the liquid, and the liquid exchanged with the gas-liquid heat exchange and the high-temperature gas are exchanged. It is characterized by providing.
Since heat exchange between gas and gas has a low thermal conductivity, heat exchange is performed by interposing a liquid between the gas and gas.
It is better to use low-pressure water at room temperature as the liquid has a high heat transfer coefficient.

Further, the apparatus further comprises vaporization heat supply means for supplying vaporization heat to the evaporator.
In the dry evaporator of the refrigeration cycle, the vaporization heat supply means is heat absorption of outside air by a fan and a plate fin.
Existing steam boilers generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam from low-temperature liquid water.
Thus, the amount of heat used is the sum of latent heat of vaporization and sensible heat.
Therefore, liquid water is evaporated in advance with an evaporator. The heater disposed in the upper part of the evaporator is heated to evaporate at a low pressure by making the inside of the lower evaporator negative by the chimney effect. By evaporating water under a low pressure and supplying the vaporization heat by groundwater, tap water, seawater, or outside air, which is an external heat source other than fuel, fuel energy for the vaporization heat is reduced.
As a result, the energy for generating the superheated steam can be reduced by the heat of vaporization.
When the vaporization heat supply is performed with water, the heat source of the evaporator is water.
The water is cooled. If air in the atmosphere is used as a heat source, it will be cooled.
In addition, when generating high-pressure wet steam, the liquid may be made high pressure with a high-pressure pump to exchange heat with superheated steam.
When 1 g of 0 degree Celsius liquid water is converted to 100 degree Celsius superheated steam, the heat of vaporization of water 0 degree Celsius 2400J
100 degree sensible heat 2J × 100 = 200J
Conventional case 2600J
This time 200J
Reduction effect 2400J per gram
The energy is greatly reduced.
In water-deficient lands, heat exchange between water vapor and air is acceptable.
The high temperature heat source is an electric resistance heat generation, a combustion heat heat source, a solar heat collection heat source, or the like.

In addition, seawater inhalation means,
A seawater draining means is provided for draining seawater whose salt concentration is increased by evaporating water in the evaporator.
It is a seawater desalination device.

In the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied by volume expansion with an expander.
If the volume is expanded a plurality of times, all the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied.
This eliminates the need for an adiabatic compressor and condenser.
A liquid pump is necessary for circulation of the cycle, but the power of the pump is much smaller than the power of the adiabatic compressor of the same circulation amount, which greatly reduces energy.
In addition, it is possible to generate power with the energy extracted by liquefaction.
This uses the energy absorbed by the evaporator without radiating heat with the condenser as in the prior art, thus contributing to the prevention of the heat island phenomenon and the reduction of CO2 emissions.

It is an inflator. The inflator is a pressure vessel. Basically it is made of steel. Consider low temperature vulnerability depending on temperature. The inflator has 14 gas inlets, 19 liquid outlets and 17 gas outlets. The overall configuration consists of 15 gently enlarged parts and 16 reduced parts. The gas is volume-expanded at 15 enlarged portions, and the work is taken out and liquefied. Since it is difficult to increase the expansion ratio, volume expansion is performed with a plurality of expanders. Since the gas liquefaction is a part, the volume-expanded working fluid becomes liquid and gaseous wet vapor. The wet steam finally collides with the 16 reduced portions and is separated from the liquid. The liquid is led to 19 gas outlets and the gas is led to 17 gas outlets. The discharged gas absorbs the work W and becomes a high-speed gas. Eighteen pressure equalization tubes are used to equalize the pressure in the inflator and 20 low pressure receivers when gravity drops the liquid into 20 low pressure receivers. It is a ph diagram of steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander only). Evaporate from 1 with an evaporator. 2 completes evaporation. The gas is isothermally expanded from 2 to 3 with an expander to liquefy part of the gas. In 3-4, a part of the gas is further liquefied by the second isothermal expansion. 4 to 5 further liquefy part of the gas by the third isothermal expansion. 5 to 6 further liquefy part of the gas in the fourth isothermal expansion. 6 to 7 further liquefy part of the gas by the fifth isothermal expansion. When expansion is repeated, the gas portion in the two phases decreases, and the amount of energy extraction and liquefaction gradually decreases. When the liquid is completely liquefied in 7, low-pressure liquid is accumulated in the liquid receiver. 8 to 9 are throttle expansion processes. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander only). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final liquid receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is sent by a high pressure pump 21, expanded by a capillary tube 23, decompressed and evaporated by a 24 evaporator. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator 24 is volume-expanded by the expander 25a, and a part of the gas is liquefied. The remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander. By repeating the volume expansion several times, all the gas is liquefied. The energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy. The refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines 26a to 26d, and converted into electrical energy by the generators 27a to d to generate electric power. The refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25e is dropped by gravity into the low pressure receiver 20 by using the first pressure equalizing pipe 29 by opening the solenoid valve 28a. The low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch 31 and opens the

solenoid valves

28d and 28e and drops them to the final receiver 22 by gravity using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the

solenoid valves

28c and 28d are closed. When the liquid level is detected at a low level of 32 float switches, the

solenoid valves

28d and 28e are closed, the

solenoid valves

28a and 28b are opened, and the liquid liquefied by the expander is stored in the low pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the

solenoid valves

28c, 28d and 28e are opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the 20 low pressure receivers to the 22 final receivers using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the

solenoid valves

28a, 28b and 28c are closed. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (gas expansion liquefaction means + turbine + generator + high pressure pump + condenser) Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (gas expansion liquefaction means + turbine + generator + high pressure pump + condenser). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is fed by the high-pressure pump 21, expanded by the capillary tube 23, decompressed, and evaporated by the evaporator 24. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator 24 is volume-expanded by the expander 25a, and a part of the gas is liquefied. The remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander. When the gas is liquefied, the extracted energy becomes velocity energy according to the law of energy conservation. The refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the

turbines

26a and 26b, and converted into electrical energy by the

generators

27a and 27b to generate electric power. Further, the gas exiting the turbine 26b is volume-expanded by an expander 25c, and using a Laval nozzle 35, velocity energy is converted into thermal energy and led to a condenser 36. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas led to the condenser 36 is used for heating, defrosting, water heating, and the like by exchanging heat with ambient ambient air, water, and the like during condensation. The refrigerant liquefied by heat exchange in 36 condensers is led to 22 final liquid receivers. The refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25c is opened by the solenoid valve 28a, and dropped by gravity to the low pressure receiver 20 by the first pressure equalizing pipe 29. The low pressure receiver of 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch of 31 and opens the solenoid valves of 28d and 28e and drops them by gravity to the final receiver of 22 with the second pressure equalizing pipe of 30, and with the condenser of 36 Merge with liquefied refrigerant. At this time, the

solenoid valves

28a and 28b are closed. When the liquid level is detected at a low level of 32 float switches, the

solenoid valves

28d and 28e are closed, the

solenoid valves

28d and 28e are opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the low pressure receiver 20 to the final receiver 22 using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the

solenoid valves

28a, 28b and 28c are closed. Steam boiler steam expansion power generation This is steam boiler steam expansion power generation. Water is fed from 39 water supply tanks to 39 boilers by 38 water supply pumps. The water heated by the boiler 39 becomes steam, and the steam energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26a, and is converted into electric energy by the generator 27a to generate electric power. Then, the steam emitted from the turbine 26a is volume-expanded by an expander 25 to liquefy the gas. The energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy. Steam with velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26b, and converted into electric energy by the generator 27b to generate electricity. The water liquefied by the 25 inflator is dropped by gravity into the 37 water tank. As a result, the steam energy previously discarded in the condenser is extracted by the expander, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander + adiabatic compressor + condenser). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is fed by the high-pressure pump 21, expanded by the capillary tube 23, decompressed, and evaporated by the evaporator 24. The refrigerant gas evaporated by 24 evaporators is expanded by 25 expanders to extract energy and generate electric power. The expander is the reverse use of a scroll expander or adiabatic compressor. Since the discharge port of the adiabatic compressor is used as the suction port of the expander and reversely rotated, the motor becomes a generator. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator of 24 is expanded by the expander of 25 and becomes a crushing vapor. Squeeze vapor is separated into gas and liquid by 40 gas-liquid separators. Although the liquefaction rate varies depending on the expansion ratio, it is necessary to pass through an eight-fold expander with R22 and an expansion ratio of 4 in order to reduce the gas amount to about 20%. Since the liquefaction efficiency gradually deteriorates as the liquefaction rate increases, the liquefaction efficiency is finally liquefied by a condenser of 36 using a 41 adiabatic compressor and put into a final receiver. The liquid separated by 40 gas-liquid separators falls to 20 low-pressure receivers by gravity. The low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of 31 float switch, uses the pressure equalizing pipe 18, opens the solenoid valve 28b, equalizes the pressure with the final receiver and opens the solenoid valve 28c. And move it by gravity. At this time, the solenoid valve 28a is closed. When the liquid level is detected at 32 float switches, the

solenoid valves

28b and 28c are closed, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 40 is removed. Store in a low-pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the low pressure receiver 20 to the final receiver 22 using the pressure equalizing pipe 18. At this time, the

solenoid valves

28a and 28d are closed. It is a low-pressure receiver. The low-pressure liquid receiver stores the low-pressure refrigerant liquid liquefied by the expander. 42 pressure vessels, 43a and 43b liquid tubes, 29 first pressure equalizing tubes, and 30 second pressure equalizing tubes. In order to put the liquid liquefied by the expander into the low pressure receiver, the pressure equalizing pipe 29 is opened to equalize the pressures of the low pressure receiver and the expander, and the low pressure receiver using the gravity of the liquid. Pour liquid into. The pressure equalizing tube 30 is used when the liquid in the low pressure receiver is dropped to the final receiver by gravity. The float switch 31 is used to detect that about half of the liquid in the container has been stored so that the low-pressure receiver is full and the liquid does not compress the gas in the low-pressure receiver and is dropped into the final receiver. . The float switch 32 detects the liquid level in order to stop the liquid from dropping into the final receiver. The final receiver. The final liquid receiver is a liquid receiver that stores refrigerant liquid at the time of start-up, and is a liquid receiver that combines and stores the liquid of the low-pressure liquid receiver or the liquid liquefied by the condenser. 42 pressure vessels, 43a liquid tube, 43b liquid tube, 43c liquid tube and 30 second pressure equalizing tube. The liquid pipe 43a is connected to the low-pressure receiver, the liquid pipe 43b is connected to the condenser, and the liquid pipe 43c is connected to the pump. The refrigerant liquid liquefied by the condenser enters the final liquid receiver through the liquid pipe 43b. For this reason, since the pressure of the final liquid receiver becomes high, a second pressure equalizing pipe is required to put the liquid in the low pressure liquid receiver into the final liquid receiver. The liquid in the final receiver is sent to the expansion by a pump. It is a gas-liquid heat exchanger. The gas, 48 heat transfer plates, and 43 liquid tubes are accommodated in 42 pressure vessels. Most of the 48 heat transfer plates are aluminum plates. Most of the liquid pipes 43 are copper pipes. The difference in heat transfer coefficient between liquid and gas is defined as the enlarged area of the plate. A liquid reciprocating compressor or a liquid compression vacuum pump. The liquid suction valve 51 is opened, and the liquid is fed into the pressure vessel 42 at a high pressure by the high pressure pump 21. If the gas suction valve and the gas discharge valve are closed during liquid feeding, the gas is compressed as the liquid level rises. Further, when the gas discharge valve is opened, the gas is discharged. The gas compression ratio is adjusted by the height of 31 and 32 float switches. At the time of gas suction, the liquid discharge valve 54 is opened while the gas suction valve 52 is opened, and the liquid is discharged. As the liquid level drops, the pressure vessel becomes negative and gas is sucked. Reciprocate the liquid into a piston. As an example of use, if a gas is air, a liquid is a fluorine-based oil having a low vapor pressure, or a vacuum pump oil is used, it can be used as a vacuum pump. When the fluid is used as a refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle, the gas is the evaporator return vapor, and the liquid is the condensate. The liquid is stored in 55 and pumped by 21. It is a gas-liquid mixing condenser. (A) closes the liquid suction valve 51 and the liquid discharge valve 54 and opens the gas suction valve 52 to suck the gas into the pressure vessel 42. At this time, the liquid suction valve is arranged at the upper part of the pressure vessel and the liquid discharge valve is arranged at the lower part of the pressure vessel. (B) When the gas of 60 is filled in the pressure vessel, the gas suction valve of 52 is closed. The liquid suction valve 51 is opened and the liquid 59 is injected into the pressure vessel. As the liquid is injected, the liquid level rises and the gas is compressed to a high temperature and pressure. This high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled and condensed by a low-temperature liquid. In (c), when all the 42 pressure vessels are filled with liquid, all the gas is condensed and the liquid absorbs the energy of the gas and the temperature rises. Since the mass (specific volume) of the gas at (a) and the mass (specific volume) of the liquid at (c) are very different, the temperature rise of the liquid is slight. (D) When the condensation in (c) is completed, the liquid discharge valve 54 is opened to discharge the liquid. At the same time, open the gas intake valve. At this time, the liquid level is lowered, the pressure inside the pressure vessel becomes negative, and the gas is sucked. Volume expansion liquefaction refrigeration cycle power generation (turbine + generator + gas-liquid mixed condenser). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. At the time of start-up, the liquid of the refrigerant is stored in the liquid receiver 58, the electromagnetic valve 28b and the electromagnetic valve 28c are closed, the electromagnetic valve 28a and the electromagnetic valve 28d are opened, and the liquid of the final liquid receiver is pumped. To 24 evaporators. Since the high-pressure pump 21 serves as a liquid feeding means to the gas-liquid mixing condenser after starting, the solenoid valve 28a and the solenoid valve 28d are closed and the solenoid valve 28c is opened. Further, after starting, the electromagnetic valve 28b is opened in order to send liquid from the liquid receiver 58 to the evaporator 24. The gas evaporated by the evaporator is isothermally expanded by 56 expanders, and a part of the gas is liquefied. At the time of liquefaction, the gas absorbs the energy of the liquefied amount, so the energy of the gas is converted using 26 turbines, and power is generated by 27 generators. A part of the gas that has not been liquefied by the expander is liquefied by the gas-liquid mixing condenser. In order to condense the remaining gas which has not been liquefied by the 56 expander, it passes through the 26 turbine and enters the 61a gas-liquid mixing condenser. At this time, the solenoid valve 28e, the solenoid valve 28g, and the solenoid valve 28h are closed. The liquid liquefied by the expander 56 is boosted by the high-pressure pump 21 and sent to the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a. At this time, the solenoid valve at 28f is closed and the solenoid valve at 28h is opened to allow gas to enter the gas-liquid mixing condenser at 61b. If the solenoid valve 28f and the solenoid valve 28h are closed during liquid feeding, the liquid level rises and the temperature of the compressed gas rises. Since the temperature of the liquid is lower than the temperature of the gas, it is condensed and liquefied. The liquid level of the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a is controlled by a float switch 31a for detecting a high water level and a float switch 32a for detecting a low water level, the solenoid valve 28e is closed, and the solenoid valve 28i is opened. Move to the receiver. During the liquid transfer from the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a to the liquid receiver 58, the solenoid valve 28h is closed, the solenoid valve 28g is opened, and the pressure is increased by the high-pressure pump 21b. To liquid. At this time, the solenoid valve 28f is opened and gas is introduced into the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a. The liquid level of the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61b is controlled by a float switch 31b that detects a high water level and a float switch 32b that detects a low water level, the 28g solenoid valve is closed, and the 28j solenoid valve is opened. Move to the receiver. The process of gas compression by the rise of the liquid level in the gas-liquid mixing condensers 61a and 61b is alternately repeated. Since the gas absorbs the energy liquefied by the 56 expanders, the energy of the gas is converted using the 26 turbines and the power is generated by the 27 generators. Moreover, since the amount of gas decreases by using a plurality of expanders, the size of the gas-liquid mixer can be reduced. Volume expansion liquefaction refrigeration cycle power generation (with adiabatic compressor). Twenty-four evaporators are expanded by a 25 expander into crushing steam. Crushing steam is separated into steam and liquid by 40 gas-liquid separator. Although the liquefaction rate varies depending on the expansion ratio, it is necessary to pass through an eight-time expander with R22 and an expansion ratio of 4 in order to reduce the amount of steam to about 20%. Since the liquefaction efficiency gradually deteriorates as the liquefaction rate increases, the liquid is finally liquefied by 36 condensers using a conventional 41 adiabatic compressor. The liquid separated by 40 gas-liquid separators falls to 20 low-pressure receivers by gravity. Thereafter, the liquid is dropped by gravity into the 63 high-pressure receiver. Then, the pressure is increased by 21 high-pressure pumps and sent to 22 final liquid receivers. When moving the liquid, the pressure is equalized using 18 pressure equalizing tubes and moved by gravity. In the final receiver 22 and the low-pressure receiver 20, the liquid volume is controlled using 31 and 32 float switches that detect high and low water levels. The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. Volume expansion liquefaction refrigeration cycle power generation (with gas-liquid mixing condenser). The gas-liquid mixing condenser 61 is used instead of the adiabatic compressor 41 in FIG. It is a figure of pressure reduction by an electronic control valve. The pressure sensor of 66 is attached to 20 low-pressure liquid receivers, detects the pressure of the liquid, converts it into an electrical signal, transmits pressure information to the electronic control valve controller of 67, and controls the valve opening by pressure. Then, the pressure is reduced and evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporation pressure is controlled by the valve opening. Even with a high-pressure pump, the pressure is 0. ² M-0. ³ is about M. If the pressure loss of the pipe is large, the head can be increased by connecting the pump in series.

1 Evaporation start point 2 Evaporation completion and liquefaction start point by the first inflator
3 End of liquefaction by the 1st inflator and start of liquefaction by the 2nd inflator 4 End of liquefaction by the 2nd inflator and start of liquefaction by the 3rd inflator 5 End of liquefaction by the 3rd inflator And the liquefaction start point by the 4th expander 6 The liquefaction end point by the 4th expander and the liquefaction start point by the 5th expander 7 The liquefaction end point by the 5th expander and the pressurization start point by the pump 8 Pressurization by the pump End point and expansion start point by throttling 9 End point of expansion by throttling 10 Liquid phase 11 Liquid phase and gas phase 12 Gas phase 13 Critical point (c, p)
14 Gas suction port 15 Enlargement unit 16 Reduction unit 17 Gas discharge port 18 Pressure equalizing pipe 19 Liquid discharge port 20 Low pressure receiver 21 High pressure pump 22 Final receiver 23 Nozzle 24 Evaporator 25a-e Expander 26a-d Turbine 27a- d Generator 28a-j Solenoid valve
29 First pressure equalizing pipe 30 Second pressure equalizing pipe 31a-c Float switch high level 32a-c Float switch low level 33 Liquid 34 Gas 35 Laval nozzle 36 Condenser 37 Water supply tank 38 Water supply pump 39 Boiler 40 Gas-liquid separator 41 Adiabatic compressor 42 Pressure Containers 43a-c Liquid tube
44 Water 45 Steam 46 Gas inlet 47 Gas outlet 48 Heat transfer plate 49 Liquid pipe inlet 50 Liquid pipe outlet 51 Liquid suction valve 52 Gas suction valve 53 Gas discharge valve 54 Liquid discharge valve 55 Liquid storage means 56 Expander 57 Capillary tube 58 Liquid 59 Liquid 60 Gas 61a-b Gas-liquid mixing condenser 62 Vacuum pump 63 High-pressure receiver 64 Expansion valve 65 Electronic control valve 66 Pressure sensor 67 Electronic control valve controller

Claims

A gas volume expansion utilization device comprising gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas
2. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid exists in a two-phase state of liquid gas when the volume expansion is liquefied.
3. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of said gas expansion liquefaction means.
4. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising extraction energy utilization means for utilizing energy extracted by said gas expansion liquefaction means.
5. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising mechanical energy conversion means for converting energy extracted by said gas expansion liquefaction means into mechanical energy.
6. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising pressure energy conversion means for converting velocity energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into pressure energy.
7. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising power generation means for converting mechanical energy converted by the mechanical energy conversion means into electrical energy.
8. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising condensing means for condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the working fluid.
9. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pump for delivering the working fluid liquid.
10. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising evaporation means for evaporating the liquid of the working fluid.
11. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid of the working fluid to a predetermined evaporation pressure.
Furthermore, a pressure sensor that detects the pressure liquefied by the volume expansion means and converts it into an electrical signal;
An electronic control valve that changes the valve opening by an electrical signal;
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising an electronic control valve controller that linearly controls an electric signal of the pressure sensor to a valve opening degree.
13. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a low pressure switching means for switching the liquid low pressure means.
14. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
15. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is water.
Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is a gas volume expansion part,
A gas inlet,
A gas-liquid separation unit that gas-liquid separates the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the volume expansion of the gas and the gas not liquefied;
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the expander includes a gas discharge unit.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the gas expansion liquefaction means, mechanical energy conversion means, and power generation means are an expander using a heat insulating compressor.
18. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a low-pressure receiver that stores the working fluid liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means.
19. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a final liquid receiver for storing the liquid of the working fluid.
20. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a moving means.
21. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a building.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising a power storage means.
23. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising an electronic power conversion device.
24. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pressure conversion means is a Laval nozzle.
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the pressure converting means is a diffuser.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the evaporation means is an evaporator used in a refrigeration cycle.
27. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said evaporating means is a boiler.
28. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical energy conversion means is a turbine.
29. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the turbine member is a fiber reinforced plastic.
30. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid pressure reducing means is a capillary tube.
31. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the turbine bearing is a fluid bearing and the fluid is a working fluid.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the condensing means is a condenser used in a refrigeration cycle.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 32, further comprising the evaporation means having different evaporation pressures.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 33, further comprising the gas expansion liquefaction means for each different evaporation pressure.
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 34, further comprising low-pressure receiver pressure detection means for detecting the pressure of the liquid in the low-pressure receiver.
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 35, further comprising a low-pressure receiver liquid level detecting means for detecting a liquid level of the low-pressure receiver.
37. A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising pump liquid source switching means for switching the liquid source of the pump to the low pressure liquid receiver or the final liquid receiver.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 37, further comprising a first pressure equalizing pipe for equalizing the pressure of the expander and the low-pressure receiver.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 38, further comprising a second pressure equalizing pipe for equalizing the pressure of the low-pressure receiver and the high-pressure receiver.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 39, further comprising a heating heat source for heating the gas of the working fluid.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 40, further comprising a vacuum pump.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 41, further comprising an object temperature detecting means for detecting an object temperature to be cooled.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein the working fluid is geothermal water vapor.
And a pressure vessel,
A reciprocating liquid that reciprocates in the pressure vessel;
A reciprocating liquid suction valve;
A reciprocating liquid discharge valve;
A gas intake valve and a gas discharge valve;
A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 43, further comprising a liquid reciprocating compressor comprising a pump for delivering reciprocating liquid at high pressure.
Further, the reciprocating liquid is used as a vacuum pump oil,
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the gas is air.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 45, further comprising an adiabatic compressor.
Further, the reciprocating liquid is a refrigeration cycle liquid refrigerant,
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the gas is a gas refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 47, further comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the condenser and the gas of the working fluid evaporated by the evaporation means. apparatus
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein the gas-liquid heat exchanger further comprises a check valve for preventing a backflow of gas.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 49, further comprising a heating heat source.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 50, further comprising a communication means.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein the heating heat source is a computer heat generation heat source.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 52, further comprising a heat pipe for transporting heat of the heating heat source to the evaporation means.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 53, further comprising compression means for compressing the gas with mechanical energy converted by the gas energy conversion means.
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 54, further comprising an adiabatic compressor.
A liquid reciprocating compressor comprising a pressure vessel, a liquid, a gas, a gas suction valve, a gas discharge valve, a liquid suction valve, a liquid, a discharge valve, and valve control means is provided. 55 gas volume expansion utilization devices
And a refrigerant,
A pressure vessel;
A high-pressure pump that delivers liquid refrigerant at high pressure;
Refrigerant liquefied by the condensing means;
An intake valve and a discharge valve for liquid refrigerant;
A refrigerant vapor suction valve;
A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 56, further comprising a gas-liquid mixing condenser comprising control means for a liquid suction valve, a liquid discharge valve, and a refrigerant vapor suction valve.
A pressure vessel containing gas,
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 57, further comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger comprising a pressure vessel containing a liquid to which a heat transfer plate is attached to compensate for a difference in heat transfer coefficient between the liquid and the gas.
Further, the gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the low-temperature gas, the liquid, the high-temperature gas, the low-temperature gas and the liquid, and the gas-liquid heat exchange for exchanging heat between the liquid exchanged by the gas-liquid heat exchange and the high-temperature gas are provided. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 59, further comprising vaporization heat supply means for supplying vaporization heat to the evaporator.
And seawater inhalation means,
The gas volume expansion utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 60, further comprising seawater drainage means for draining seawater having a salt concentration increased by evaporating water in the evaporator.