WO2013042423A1 - Zn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体とその製造方法および透明導電膜 - Google Patents
Zn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体とその製造方法および透明導電膜 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body used for a sputtering target, a vapor deposition tablet, and the like and a manufacturing method thereof, and particularly, when used in a sputtering method, abnormal discharge is suppressed, A Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body that suppresses the splash phenomenon and enables continuous film formation for a long time when used in a deposition method such as ion plating, a method for producing the same, and the above-described composition.
- the present invention relates to a highly transparent transparent conductive film manufactured by a film method.
- Transparent conductive films having high conductivity and high transmittance in the visible light region are used for solar cells, liquid crystal display elements, surface elements such as organic electroluminescence and inorganic electroluminescence, and electrodes for touch panels. In addition, they are also used as various antifogging transparent heating elements such as automobile windows, architectural heat ray reflective films, antistatic films, and refrigerated showcases.
- the transparent conductive film for example, a tin oxide (SnO 2 ) -based thin film, a zinc oxide (ZnO) -based thin film, an indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) -based thin film, and the like are known.
- tin oxide system those containing antimony as a dopant (ATO) and those containing fluorine as a dopant (FTO) are often used.
- ATO antimony as a dopant
- FTO fluorine as a dopant
- zinc oxide systems those containing aluminum as a dopant (AZO) and those containing gallium as a dopant (GZO) are often used.
- the most transparently used transparent conductive film is an indium oxide type.
- an indium oxide film containing tin as a dopant that is, an In—Sn—O-based film is called an ITO (Indium-tin-oxide) film, and is particularly widely used because a low-resistance transparent conductive film can be easily obtained. Yes.
- a sputtering method is often used as a method for producing these transparent conductive films.
- the sputtering method is an effective method when film formation of a material having a low vapor pressure or precise film thickness control is required, and is widely used industrially because the operation is very simple.
- a sputtering target is used as a raw material for the thin film.
- a substrate is used as an anode
- a sputtering target is used as a cathode
- glow discharge is generated between them to generate argon plasma
- argon cations in the plasma are converted into cathodes.
- the target component particles which are made to collide with the sputtering target and are repelled by this are deposited on the substrate to form a thin film.
- the above-described transparent conductive film is also manufactured using a vapor deposition method such as an ion plating method.
- the indium oxide-based materials such as ITO described above are widely used industrially, the rare metal indium is expensive, and there are toxic components that adversely affect the environment and human body such as indium elements. Therefore, in recent years, a non-indium transparent conductive film material has been demanded.
- non-indium materials zinc oxide materials such as AZO and GZO described above and tin oxide materials such as FTO and ATO are known.
- zinc oxide-based materials are abundantly embedded as resources and are not only low-cost materials but also attracting attention as materials that are friendly to the environment and the human body.
- zinc oxide-based materials are attracting attention as materials exhibiting properties comparable to ITO.
- a transparent conductive film is formed by a deposition method such as an ion plating method using a zinc oxide-based material (evaporation tablet)
- a high specific resistance exists locally in the zinc oxide-based material. Due to the part, uniform sublimation by plasma beam or electron beam becomes difficult, and vaporized material (evaporation tablet) scatters in the size of several ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m when mixed with uniform vaporized gas. The splash phenomenon that collides with the film was likely to occur. And since the pinhole defect etc. arise in the vapor deposition film by the splash phenomenon, it was difficult to stably manufacture a transparent film having a high transmittance and a low specific resistance even in the film formation by the vapor deposition method.
- Patent Document 1 zinc oxide-based sintering containing one or more additive elements of Al, Ga, In, Ti, Si, Ge, and Sn is included. Suggest body. That is, in Patent Document 1, zinc oxide and an oxide of an additive element are mixed in advance and calcined to form a spinel-type composite oxide phase such as ZnM 2 O 4 or Zn 2 MO 4 (M is an additive element). Then, the calcined powder and the uncalcined zinc oxide powder are mixed and subjected to main baking, thereby preventing the formation of a new spinel-type composite oxide phase in the main baking process. Is suppressed.
- a spinel-type composite oxide phase such as ZnM 2 O 4 or Zn 2 MO 4
- Patent Document 2 proposes an oxide-based sputtering target containing a predetermined amount of Ga and Si and containing zinc oxide as a main component for the purpose of improving the moisture resistance of the obtained transparent conductive film.
- the discharge is stabilized by making the crystal grains of the Si oxide 200 ⁇ m or less, but the abnormal discharge cannot be completely extinguished.
- the present applicant optimizes the content of aluminum and gallium in an oxide sintered body containing zinc oxide as a main component and further containing aluminum and gallium as additive elements, and Optimal control of the type and composition of the crystal phase produced during firing, especially the spinel crystal phase, makes it difficult for particles to form even when continuous film formation is performed for a long time with a sputtering device, and high DC power
- a target oxide sintered body has been proposed in which abnormal discharge does not occur even when charged (see Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 by using the zinc oxide-based sintered body described in Patent Document 3, it has become possible to form a high-quality transparent conductive film with lower resistance and higher permeability than before, but high transmission comparable to ITO It was still difficult to produce a transparent conductive film with a high rate.
- JP 2008-63214 A (see paragraphs 0022-0032) Japanese Patent No. 4067141 (see claims 1 and 2) Japanese Patent No. 4231967 (see paragraph 0013)
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and the problem is that it is used for sputtering targets and evaporation tablets, and when used for sputtering targets, the abnormal discharge described above is suppressed.
- the Zn-Si-O-based oxide sintered body can suppress the above-mentioned splash phenomenon when used in a deposition tablet and can stably form a transparent conductive film having a high transmittance comparable to that of ITO. And a method for producing the same, and a transparent conductive film formed using the oxide sintered body.
- the present inventors have made Zn-Si-O-based oxide sintering containing zinc oxide as a main component and Si having a high oxygen affinity as an additive element.
- the elemental oxide phase (SiO 2 phase) of the additive element produced during firing, the composite spinel crystal phase, especially the oxide near the grain boundaries in the sintered body By controlling the precipitation of the phase, it can be used as a sputtering target that can suppress abnormal discharge and generation of particles even if continuous film formation is performed for a long time with a sputtering apparatus and can stably form a film even when high DC power is applied.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide firing that can be used as a tablet for vapor deposition, in which the above-described splash phenomenon is suppressed even if continuous film formation is performed for a long time with a vapor deposition apparatus such as ion plating.
- a transparent conductive film obtained by using the obtained Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body for a sputtering target or a tablet for vapor deposition has excellent permeability, and is useful as an electrode for a display, a touch panel, a solar cell, or the like. I came to find out.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention is In a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body containing zinc oxide as a main component and containing Si,
- the Si content is 0.1 to 10 atomic% in terms of Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio
- Si element is dissolved in the wurtzite zinc oxide phase, It is characterized by not containing the spinel type complex oxide phase which is SiO 2 phase and zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ).
- a method for producing a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention includes: The Si content is 0.1 to 10 atomic% in terms of the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio, Si element is dissolved in the wurtzite zinc oxide phase, and the SiO 2 phase and zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4).
- the third step of obtaining the sintered body is a step of raising the temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature rise of 5 ° C./min or more, and the molded body in the firing furnace at 900 ° C. to 1400 ° C. It is characterized by comprising a firing step.
- the transparent conductive film according to the present invention is Vapor deposition obtained by sputtering using a sputtering target obtained by processing the Zn-Si-O-based oxide sintered body or by processing the Zn-Si-O-based oxide sintered body
- the film is formed by a vapor deposition method using a tablet for medical use.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention is:
- the Si content is 0.1 to 10 atomic% in terms of Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio, Si element is dissolved in the wurtzite zinc oxide phase, It is characterized by not containing the spinel type complex oxide phase which is SiO 2 phase and zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ).
- the deposition tablet made of the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body of the present invention when used, the above-mentioned splash phenomenon does not occur even if continuous film formation is performed for a long time with a deposition apparatus such as ion plating. Therefore, as in the case of using as a sputtering target, it has the effect of enabling mass production film formation with a high yield with almost no defective products.
- the transparent conductive film formed by using the sputtering target or the evaporation tablet obtained from the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body of the present invention contains Si having a high bondability with oxygen. Therefore, since it has excellent transmittance, it has an effect that can be suitably used as a transparent electrode for flat panel displays, touch panels, light emitting devices, solar cells and the like.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention has a Si content of 0.1 to 10 atomic% in terms of the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio. It is characterized by the fact that Si element is dissolved in the wurtzite type zinc oxide phase and does not contain the spinel type complex oxide phase which is SiO 2 phase and zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) Used as a deposition tablet for targets or ion plating.
- at least one additive element selected from Mg, Al, Ti, Ga, In, and Sn may be included.
- the content of the additive element is preferably 0.01 to 10 atomic% in terms of the M / (Zn + Si + M) atomic ratio.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body when the Si content exceeds 10 atomic% in terms of the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio, the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body An oxide phase such as a spinel type is generated in the body. Since these oxide phases are high-resistance or insulating materials, they induce abnormal discharge during the above-described sputtering film formation, and also induce the above-described splash phenomenon during deposition such as ion plating. In particular, SiO 2 also tends to precipitate at the grain boundaries in the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body. If this precipitation cannot be suppressed, the above-described abnormal discharge and splash phenomenon can be completely eliminated.
- the Si content is less than 0.1 atomic% in terms of the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio, the free electron carriers described below are poor, and the conductivity becomes insufficient regardless of the compound phase to be produced. Abnormal discharge occurs during film formation.
- the content of the additive element is less than 0.01 atomic% in terms of the M / (Zn + Si + M) atomic ratio, it is difficult to exert the effect of reducing the specific resistance.
- the wurtzite type zinc oxide phase in the oxide sintered body indicates a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and has oxygen deficiency and zinc deficiency.
- Non-stoichiometric compositions are also included.
- the zinc oxide phase takes such a non-stoichiometric composition to generate free electrons and improve conductivity. Therefore, abnormal discharge during sputtering film formation and splash phenomenon during deposition such as ion plating can occur. Has the effect of suppressing.
- the wurtzite zinc oxide phase dissolves Si element as described above, and dissolves an additive element selected from Mg, Al, Ti, Ga, In and Sn contained as necessary. Yes.
- Method for producing Zn-Si-O-based oxide sintered body comprises mixing raw material powder with pure water, an organic binder, and a dispersant.
- the resulting slurry is dried and granulated in a “first step”, the obtained granulated powder is pressure-molded to obtain a molded body, and the resulting molded body is fired and fired. It consists of a “third step” for obtaining a knot.
- the “granulated powder” obtained in the first step can be produced by two methods.
- First method ZnO powder, SiO 2 powder, and oxide powder of Mg, Al, Ti, Ga, In, Sn added as necessary are used as raw material powder, mixed with pure water, organic binder, dispersant, and raw material The mixture is mixed so that the powder concentration is 50 to 80 wt%, preferably 60 wt%, and wet pulverized until the average particle size becomes 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of both the ZnO powder and the SiO 2 powder used as raw materials is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and the average particle diameter of the mixed powder is refined to 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the “ball mill” using balls having a particle diameter of more than 2.0 mm is not suitable for crushing particles having a particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable to use a “bead mill” using the above.
- aggregation of ZnO powder, SiO 2 powder and the like can be reliably removed, and aggregation of Si-based oxides generated in the subsequent process can be prevented.
- the slurry obtained by mixing and stirring for 30 minutes or more is dried and granulated to obtain “granulated powder”.
- the calcined powder obtained by mixing and calcining oxide powders of Ga, In, and Sn is used as a raw material powder.
- the calcined powder is produced, it is calcined at 900 ° C. to 1400 ° C., preferably 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., but expressed in a spinel phase such as ZnM 2 O 4 or Zn 2 MO 4 (M is an additive element). It is important to raise the temperature in the temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. at which the intermediate compound phase is most easily generated at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./min or more.
- the above-mentioned “granulated powder” is pressure-molded by, for example, a mechanical press method in which pressure is applied in a mold to obtain a molded body.
- a pressure of "granulated powder” 49MPa (0.5ton / cm 2) ⁇ 147MPa (1.5ton / cm 2) the sintered body is liable to give with the desired relative density preferable.
- the mold used in the above press molding can prevent chipping or the like when handling a molded body or a sintered body obtained by sintering the molded body when the edge portion has a C-chamfered shape and the molded body is chamfered. ,preferable.
- a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body By firing the molded body obtained in the second step at normal pressure, a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body can be obtained. Sintering is performed at a firing temperature of 900 to 1400 ° C., preferably 1100 ° C. to 1300 ° C. If the sintering temperature is less than 900 ° C., the necessary sintering shrinkage cannot be obtained, resulting in a sintered body having a low mechanical strength. In addition, since the sintering shrinkage is not sufficiently advanced, the density and size variation of the obtained sintered body are increased. In the region of 900 ° C. or higher, sintering proceeds and Si atoms are uniformly present inside the crystal grains in the sintered body.
- a temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. at which an intermediate compound phase represented by a spinel phase such as ZnM 2 O 4 or Zn 2 MO 4 (M is an additive element) is most easily generated is set at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./min. It is important to raise the temperature at the above speed. By increasing the temperature at the above temperature increase rate, the formation of the intermediate compound phase is suppressed, and by increasing the temperature increase rate in the temperature range other than 700 to 900 ° C. to 3 ° C./min or less, diffusion solid solution of Si element is promoted. The present inventors have confirmed that this is done. And by producing a sintered body with these firing programs, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of Si-based oxides and the generation of intermediate compound phases including spinel phases.
- M is an additive element
- the obtained sintered body is processed into a predetermined shape and dimensions as necessary, and when used as a sputtering target, bonding is performed to a predetermined backing plate.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention is formed on a substrate such as glass by a sputtering method using a sputtering target or a deposition method such as ion plating using a deposition tablet in a film forming apparatus. Is done.
- the composition of the obtained transparent conductive film reflects the composition of the oxide sintered body because the raw material is the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention.
- the transparent conductive film obtained by the present invention is composed of a crystalline phase, is substantially composed of a wurtzite zinc oxide phase, and all Si elements are contained in the wurtzite zinc oxide phase. preferable.
- the obtained wurtzite type zinc oxide phase is c-axis oriented in a direction perpendicular to a substrate such as glass.
- the better the crystallinity that is, the larger the crystal grain
- the mobility of carrier electrons increases because the crystallinity is improved by increasing the film thickness.
- the composition of the transparent conductive film obtained by the sputtering method or the vapor deposition method such as the ion plating method using the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention is the composition of the oxide sintered body as described above. It is the same. Regarding this composition, if the amount of Si and additional elements added as necessary is too large, all of the elements cannot be dissolved in the zinc oxide phase, the Si oxide phase is precipitated, and the crystallinity of the thin film is inferior. The deterioration of conductivity due to the decrease in carrier mobility becomes significant. In this case, it is possible to improve the solid solubility of Si and additional elements added as necessary by performing thermal film formation on the substrate.
- high-temperature film formation is a special film formation condition, and in order to obtain a highly conductive transparent conductive film under a wide range of mass production film formation conditions including room temperature film formation, Si was added as necessary.
- the content of the additive element is within the above-described range, that is, the Si content needs to be suppressed to 0.1 to 10 atomic% in terms of the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio, and Mg, Al, Ti, Ga, In
- the content of the additive element (M) selected from Sn (the total amount in the case of a plurality of elements) is preferably suppressed to 0.01 to 10 atomic% in terms of the M / (Zn + Si + M) atomic ratio.
- the substrate used for film formation is not particularly limited depending on the material such as glass, resin, metal, ceramic, and may be transparent or non-transparent. preferable. Further, when the substrate is a resin, various shapes such as a plate shape and a film can be used. For example, a substrate having a low melting point of 150 ° C. or less can be applied. However, in this case, it is desirable to perform film formation without heating.
- a transparent conductive film obtained from a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body containing Si and an additional element added as necessary is a zinc oxide in which ions of the above-described elements are substituted as a dopant at zinc ion sites.
- an inert gas such as argon
- direct current sputtering For example, after evacuating to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, pure Ar gas is introduced, and the gas pressure is set to 0.1 to 1 Pa, particularly 0.2 to 0.8 Pa, and 0.55 to 5.0 W.
- Pre-sputtering can be performed by applying a DC power density (DC power / target area) of / cm 2 to generate DC plasma.
- a similar transparent conductive film can also be formed when using a deposition tablet (also called a pellet or a target) produced from a Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body according to the present invention. is there.
- a deposition tablet also called a pellet or a target
- the irradiated portion becomes locally hot, and the evaporated particles are evaporated and deposited on the substrate. Is done. At this time, the evaporated particles are ionized by an electron beam or arc discharge.
- the high-density plasma-assisted deposition method using a plasma generator (plasma gun) is suitable for forming a high-quality transparent conductive film.
- arc discharge using a plasma gun is used, but arc discharge is maintained between a cathode built in the plasma gun and a crucible (anode) of the evaporation source.
- Electrons emitted from the cathode are introduced into the crucible by magnetic field deflection, and concentrated and irradiated on the local area of the deposition tablet charged in the crucible.
- the evaporated particles are evaporated and deposited on the substrate from the portion where the temperature is locally high.
- Vaporized evaporated particles and O 2 gas introduced as a reactive gas are ionized and activated in the plasma, and thus a high-quality transparent conductive film can be formed.
- Example 1 [Preparation of sintered oxide] ZnO powder with an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less and SiO 2 powder are used as raw material powders, and are prepared at a ratio of Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio of 3.0 atomic%, and pure water, organic binder, dispersion The slurry was mixed with an agent and mixed so that the raw material powder concentration was 60 wt%, and a slurry was prepared in a mixing tank.
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder becomes 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the slurry obtained by mixing and stirring for 30 minutes or more was sprayed and dried with a spray dryer (Okawara Kako Co., Ltd., ODL-20 type) to obtain “granulated powder”. Obtained.
- a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device SALD-2200, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used for measuring the average particle size of the raw material powder.
- the obtained “granulated powder” was molded by applying a pressure of 294 MPa (3 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press, and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was subjected to an atmospheric pressure firing furnace.
- the temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. is increased at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./minute, the temperature increase rate in the temperature range other than 700 to 900 ° C. is set to 3 ° C./minute, and the maximum firing temperature is 1300.
- the oxide sintered body according to Example 1 was obtained by baking at 20 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was pulverized, and the product phase was identified by powder X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK ⁇ rays.
- the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was obtained. Only the peaks due to the SiO 2 phase alone or the spinel type complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were not detected.
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX). As a result, it was confirmed from the electron diffraction that the oxide sintered body did not have a single SiO 2 phase in the parent phase having a wurtzite structure.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body according to Example 1 was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm, and was bonded to an oxygen-free copper backing plate using metal indium. A sputtering target according to Example 1 was obtained.
- Example 2 film formation by direct current sputtering was performed.
- the sputtering target was attached to a nonmagnetic target cathode of a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus (SPF-530K, manufactured by Tokki).
- SPF-530K DC magnetron sputtering apparatus
- a non-alkali glass substrate (Corning # 7059, thickness t is 1.1 mm) was used as a film formation substrate, and the target-substrate distance was fixed to 60 mm.
- the substrate was placed immediately above the center (non-erosion part) of the sputtering target, and sputtering was performed without heating to form a transparent conductive film having a thickness of 200 nm.
- the transmittance of the obtained film was measured with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), the transmittance in the visible region (400 nm to 800 nm) including the substrate was 87%. The transmittance in the near infrared region (800 nm to 1200 nm) was 85%.
- the transmittance of the film itself was calculated by [(transmittance including the substrate) / (transmittance only of the substrate)] ⁇ 100 (%), the transmittance of the transparent conductive film according to Example 1 was The visible region was 89% and the near infrared region was 92%.
- the specific resistance of the obtained film surface was measured using a four depth needle resistivity meter Loresta EP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd., MCP-T360 type), the specific resistance value was 8.5 ⁇ . 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the transparent conductive film according to Example 1 is excellent not only in the visible region but also in the near infrared region, and not only for device applications such as displays that require visible light transmission, but also in the near infrared region. It has been confirmed that it is also useful as a solar cell application requiring high performance.
- the constituent components and manufacturing conditions of the oxide sintered bodies according to all the examples, the presence or absence of cracks in the manufacturing process, the uses of the sintered bodies, etc. are summarized in “Table 1-1” to “Table 1-3”.
- the column of “Abnormal discharge during film formation” indicates the presence or absence of abnormal discharge or particle generation.
- the presence or absence of a splash phenomenon is indicated), and the characteristics and the like of the transparent conductive film are collectively shown in “Table 2-1” to “Table 2-2”.
- Example 2 and 3 Comparative Examples 1 and 2
- the oxide firing was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 1400 ° C. (Example 2), 900 ° C. (Example 3), 1500 ° C. (Comparative Example 1), and 800 ° C. (Comparative Example 2).
- a ligature was obtained.
- Example 1 powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed. As a result, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected in all the sintered bodies, and SiO 2 No peaks were detected due to the single phase or the spinel complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ).
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- Comparative Example 1 since the crystal grains are coarsened, the strength of the sintered body is low, and cracks occur in 4 of 20 sheets during processing. In addition, in Comparative Example 2, sintering did not proceed because the firing temperature was low, and cracks occurred in 12 of 20 sheets during processing.
- the oxide sintered bodies according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 cannot be used in a mass production process that requires high productivity.
- Example 2 When the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated, 89% (Example 2), 88% (Example 3), 77 in the visible region. % (Comparative Example 1), 81% (Comparative Example 2), and 93% (Example 2), 92% (Example 3), 79% (Comparative Example 1), 81% (Comparative Example) in the near infrared region. 2).
- the specific resistance values were 8.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 2), 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 3), 8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm ( Comparative Example 1) and 8.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Comparative Example 2).
- the transparent conductive films obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are considered to have deteriorated transmittance due to the influence of abnormal discharge, and such transparent conductive films are applied as transparent electrode films that require high permeability. It was confirmed that it was not possible.
- the constituent components and manufacturing conditions of the oxide sintered bodies according to all comparative examples, the presence or absence of cracks in the manufacturing process, the usage of the sintered bodies, etc. are shown in “Table 3-1” to “Table 3- 3 ”, the results of analysis of the sintered body, and the state at the time of film formation (however, the“ abnormal discharge during film formation, etc. ”column indicates the presence or absence of abnormal discharge or particle generation in the case of sputtering film formation. In the case of ion plating film formation, the presence or absence of a splash phenomenon is shown), and the characteristics and the like of the transparent conductive film are collectively shown in “Table 4-1” to “Table 4-2”.
- Example 4 and 5 Comparative Examples 3 and 4
- ZnO powder and SiO 2 powder having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less are used as raw material powders, and the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio is 0 atomic% (Comparative Example 3), 0.1 atomic% (Example 4), 10
- An oxide sintered body was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the atomic% (Example 5) and 15 atomic% (Comparative Example 4) were used.
- Example 2 the obtained oxide sintered body was subjected to powder X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the sintered bodies of Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 3 had a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Only the peak was detected, and no peak due to the SiO 2 phase alone or the spinel complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) was detected. On the other hand, in the sintered body of Comparative Example 4, in addition to the ZnO phase, a peak attributed to the spinel complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) was confirmed.
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- Example 3 when the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated, it was 89% (Comparative Example 3), 88% (Example 4), and 90% in the visible range. (Example 5), 78% (Comparative Example 4), 90% (Comparative Example 3), 94% (Example 4), 89% (Example 5), 76% (Comparative Example 4) in the near infrared region. )Met.
- the specific resistance values are 7.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Comparative Example 3), 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 4), 8.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm ( Example 5), 8.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Comparative Example 4).
- the transparent conductive films obtained in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are considered to have deteriorated transmittance due to the influence of abnormal discharge, and such transparent conductive films should be applied as transparent electrode films that require high permeability. It was confirmed that it was not possible.
- the third additive element is Mg (Example 6), Al (Example 7), Ti (Example 8), Ga (Example 9), In (Example 10), Sn (Example 11), Al + Ga (Example 12), and M / (Zn + Si + M) atomic number ratio is 10 atomic%
- the third additive element is An oxide sintered body was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that Al (Example 7-2), Ga (Example 9-2), and Al + Ga (Example 12-2) were used.
- Example 1 powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed. As a result, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected in all the sintered bodies, and SiO 2 No peaks were detected due to the single phase or the spinel complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ).
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX). As a result, it was confirmed by electron beam diffraction that the obtained oxide sintered body did not have a single SiO 2 phase in the parent phase having a wurtzite structure.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- Example 6 90% (Example 6), 90% (Example 7), and 88% in the visible range.
- Example 8 88% (Example 9), 89% (Example 10), 89% (Example 11), 88% (Example 12), 83% (Example 7-2), 81% (Example 9-2), 82% (Example 12-2), and 91% (Example 6), 91% (Example 7), 91% (Example 8), 91% in the near infrared region.
- Example 9 90% (Example 10), 91% (Example 11), 92% (Example 12), 82% (Example 7-2), 80% (Example 9-2), It was 80% (2 of Example 12).
- Example 6 The specific resistance values were 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 6), 5.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 7), and 8.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (implemented).
- Example 8 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 9), 7.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 10), 7.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 11) ) 5.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 12), 7.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 7-2), 6.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 9) 2) of 7.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (2 of Example 12).
- the transparent conductive film according to Examples 6 to 12, 7, 2, 9, 2 and 12-2 has excellent transmittance in the near infrared region as well as the visible region, and a display that requires visible light transmission. It was confirmed that it is useful not only for device applications such as, but also for solar cell applications that require high transparency in the near infrared region.
- Example 5 The conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that the wet milling was performed until the average particle size of the raw material powder became 0.5 ⁇ m or less using a ball mill apparatus in which hard ZrO 2 balls having a particle size of 3.0 mm were introduced. Thus, an oxide sintered body was obtained.
- Example 1 powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed. As a result, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected, and the SiO 2 phase alone or zinc silicate ( No peak attributed to the spinel complex oxide phase of Zn 2 SiO 4 ) was detected.
- the oxide sintered body when the milled end of the obtained oxide sintered body was thinned by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body In this case, the raw material powder was not sufficiently pulverized and mixed to cause agglomeration, or there was a SiO 2 phase that was not dissolved in the mother phase having a wurtzite structure.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the above ball mill requires 24 hours to pulverize to 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and not only the productivity is remarkably low, but also the Zr component that is worn and mixed from the ball during pulverization is detected at 4000 ppm, This manufacturing method cannot be used as a mass production process that requires high productivity and quality.
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- Example 6 An oxide sintered body was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that ZnO powder having an average particle diameter of 1.3 ⁇ m and SiO 2 powder having an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m were used as raw material powders.
- Example 1 powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed. As a result, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected, and the SiO 2 phase alone or zinc silicate ( No peak attributed to the spinel complex oxide phase of Zn 2 SiO 4 ) was detected.
- the oxide sintered body in Si was thinned by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body In Si, the particle size of the raw material powder was large, and Si, which was uniformly dispersed only on a macroscopic scale, was not dissolved in the parent phase having a wurtzite structure, and an SiO 2 phase was present.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- Example 2 the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated to be 85% in the visible region and 85% in the near infrared region. It was 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- Example 13 ZnO powder and SiO 2 powder having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less were used as raw material powders, and weighed so that the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio was 3.0 atomic%.
- the obtained slurry was sprayed and dried with a spray dryer (Okawara Kako Co., Ltd., ODL-20 type) to obtain a mixed powder having a particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less.
- a spray dryer Okawara Kako Co., Ltd., ODL-20 type
- the obtained mixed powder is heated in a temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./min in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace, and the rate of temperature increase in a temperature range other than 700 to 900 ° C. Was calcined for 20 hours at a maximum firing temperature of 1200 ° C. and pulverized after firing to obtain a calcined powder of 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained calcined powder, the remaining weighed ZnO powder and SiO 2 powder are mixed with pure water, an organic binder, and a dispersant so as to form a slurry having a raw material powder concentration of 70 wt%. Then, a slurry was prepared in a mixing tank, and sprayed and dried with a spray dryer device to obtain a granulated powder having a particle size of 300 ⁇ m.
- the obtained granulated powder was subjected to pressure molding in a mold (manufactured by Sansho Industry Co., Ltd., a wave molding press) to obtain 200 cylindrical molded bodies having a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 40 mm.
- the obtained molded body is heated in a temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 5 ° C./min in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace, and the temperature is raised in a temperature range other than 700 to 900 ° C.
- the oxide sintered body was obtained by firing at a rate of 3 ° C./min and a maximum firing temperature of 1000 ° C. for 20 hours.
- Example 1 when the powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected in all 200 sintered bodies, No peaks due to the SiO 2 phase alone or the spinel complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were detected.
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX). As a result, it was confirmed by electron beam diffraction that the obtained oxide sintered body did not have a single SiO 2 phase in the parent phase having a wurtzite structure.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- film formation was performed by an ion plating method.
- a reactive plasma vapor deposition apparatus capable of high density plasma assisted vapor deposition (HDPE method) was used for the film formation.
- the distance between the evaporation source and the substrate is 0.6 m
- the discharge current of the plasma gun is 100 A
- the Ar flow rate is 30 sccm
- the O 2 flow rate is 10 sccm.
- film formation was performed without heating to form a transparent conductive film having a thickness of 200 nm. As a result, stable film formation was possible in all the tablets for vapor deposition, and there was no chipping or cracking during automatic transportation, and stable film formation was possible.
- Example 2 Further, the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated. As a result, it was 90% in the visible region and 92% in the near infrared region, and the specific resistance value was 7.9. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- Example 14 The oxide firing was performed under the same conditions as in Example 13 except that the firing temperature was 1400 ° C. (Example 14), 900 ° C. (Example 15), 1500 ° C. (Comparative Example 7), and 700 ° C. (Comparative Example 8). A ligature was obtained.
- Example 1 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, only the peak of the ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected in all the sintered bodies. No peaks due to the two- phase simple substance or the spinel-type complex oxide phase of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were detected.
- the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body was sliced by FIB processing and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained sintered body was used as a tablet for vapor deposition, and vapor deposition was performed by irradiating an electron beam while continuously supplying it into a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus.
- vapor deposition was performed by irradiating an electron beam while continuously supplying it into a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus.
- the film was formed due to insufficient resistance to thermal shock due to charging to the SiO 2 phase or oversintering. Tablet breakage, abnormal discharge, and splash phenomenon occurred.
- cracks occurred during automatic transportation and film formation due to insufficient sintering.
- Example 14 90% (Example 14), 90% (Example 15), and 86% in the visible region.
- Comparative Example 7 88% (Comparative Example 8) 93% (Example 14), 91% (Example 15), 88% (Comparative Example 7), 89% (Comparative Example 8) in the near infrared region )Met.
- the specific resistance values are 8.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 14), 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 15), and 8.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Example 14). Comparative Example 7) and 8.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Comparative Example 8).
- a hard ZrO 2 ball having a particle diameter of 3.0 mm is prepared by using ZnO powder and SiO 2 powder having an average particle diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m as raw material powders, and having a Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio of 4.0 atomic%.
- ZnO powder and SiO 2 powder having an average particle diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m as raw material powders, and having a Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio of 4.0 atomic%.
- the obtained granulated powder was fired at 15 MPa (150 kg / cm 2 ) and 1000 ° C. with a vacuum hot press to obtain an oxide sintered body. At this time, the heating rate was 3 ° C./min.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the mixture was prepared at a ratio of 0.5 atomic%, mixed with pure water, an organic binder, and a dispersant, mixed so that the raw material powder concentration was 60 wt%, and a slurry was prepared in a mixing tank.
- Example 2 granulated powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that wet grinding was performed for 18 hours using a ball mill apparatus in which hard ZrO 2 balls having a particle diameter of 3.0 mm were introduced.
- the obtained granulated powder was molded by applying a pressure of 294 MPa (3 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press, and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was heated at the maximum firing temperature in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace.
- the oxide sintered body was obtained by firing at 1300 ° C. for 5 hours in the air. At this time, the temperature increase rate was 1 ° C./min from room temperature to 800 ° C., and 3 ° C./min from 800 to 1300 ° C.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained oxide sintered body was performed. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite oxidation of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the physical phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated. As a result, it was 82% in the visible region and 75% in the near infrared region, and the specific resistance value was 8.0. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the mixture was prepared at a ratio of 0.0 atomic%, mixed with pure water, an organic binder, and a dispersant, mixed so that the raw material powder concentration was 60 wt%, and a slurry was prepared in a mixing tank.
- Example 2 granulated powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that wet grinding was performed for 18 hours using a ball mill apparatus in which hard ZrO 2 balls having a particle diameter of 3.0 mm were introduced.
- the obtained granulated powder was molded by applying a pressure of 294 MPa (3 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press, and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was the highest in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace.
- the firing temperature was set to 1300 ° C. and fired in the air for 5 hours to obtain an oxide sintered body.
- the temperature increase rate was 1 ° C./min from room temperature to 800 ° C., and 3 ° C./min from 800 to 1300 ° C.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated. As a result, it was 82% in the visible region and 76% in the near infrared region, and the specific resistance value was 7.5. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the mixture was prepared at a ratio of 0.7 atomic%, mixed with pure water, an organic binder, and a dispersant, mixed so that the raw material powder concentration became 60 wt%, and a slurry was prepared in a mixing tank.
- Example 2 granulated powder was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that wet grinding was performed for 18 hours using a ball mill apparatus in which hard ZrO 2 balls having a particle diameter of 3.0 mm were put.
- the obtained granulated powder was molded by applying a pressure of 98 MPa (1 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press, and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was subjected to a maximum firing temperature in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace.
- the oxide sintered body was obtained by firing at 1500 ° C. for 5 hours in the air. At this time, the temperature increase rate was 1 ° C./min from room temperature to 1000 ° C., and 3 ° C./min from 1000 to 1500 ° C.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- this sputtering target After mounting this sputtering target on a sputtering device (SPF-530K, manufactured by Tokki), it was used for film formation by sputtering under the same conditions as in Example 1, and as a result of checking the state of the target, abnormal discharge occurred. It occurred 3 times in 10 minutes from the initial stage of the film. Although abnormal discharge is suppressed in such an oxide sintered body, abnormal discharge cannot be completely eliminated, and it cannot be used in mass production processes that require high productivity because it leads to deterioration in yield. . Moreover, in this target manufacturing conditions, the firing temperature is too high at 1500 ° C., the crystal grains are coarsened, the sintered body strength is low, and cracks occur in 4 of 20 sheets during processing.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated. As a result, it was 85% in the visible region and 76% in the near infrared region, and the specific resistance value was 5.0. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the raw material powder is ZnO powder having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, SiO 2 powder, and Al 2 O 3 powder.
- the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio is 6.8 atomic%, and the Al / (Zn + Si + Al) atomic ratio is The mixture was prepared at a ratio of 3.1 atomic%, and pulverization was not performed, and only dry mixing was performed to obtain granulated powder.
- an oxide sintered body was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that wet grinding was performed for 18 hours using a ball mill apparatus in which hard ZrO 2 balls having a particle diameter of 3.0 mm were placed. It was.
- the obtained granulated powder was molded by applying a pressure of 98 MPa (1 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press, and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was subjected to a maximum firing temperature in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace.
- the oxide sintered body was obtained by firing at 1400 ° C. for 20 hours in the air. At this time, the heating rate was 3 ° C./min.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated to be 79% in the visible range and 77% in the near infrared range, and the specific resistance value was 4.3. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the mixed powder was baked in the atmosphere for 2 hours in an atmospheric pressure furnace at a rate of temperature increase of 3 ° C./min and a maximum calcination temperature of 1300 ° C. to obtain a calcination powder.
- ball mill treatment is performed in the same manner as described above, and this calcined powder and ZnO powder similar to the above are prepared at a ratio where the Si / (Zn + Si) atomic number ratio is 3.0 atomic%,
- the mixed powder was obtained by mixing and drying with a ball mill for 20 hours.
- the granulated powder was molded by applying a pressure of 98 MPa (1 ton / cm 2 ) with a uniaxial pressure molding machine, Further, it was molded by applying a pressure of 294 MPa (3 ton / cm 2 ) with a cold isostatic press to obtain a molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ .
- the obtained molded body was degreased at 600 ° C. in the air for 1 hour in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace, and then fired in the air at a maximum firing temperature of 1400 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain an oxide sintered body. At this time, the heating rate was 3 ° C./min.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body As a result of slicing the end material of the obtained oxide sintered body by FIB processing and observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) mounted on an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), the oxide sintered body
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated to be 80% in the visible range and 78% in the near infrared range, and the specific resistance value was 9.5. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- ZnO powder, SiO 2 powder, Al 2 O 3 powder, and MgO powder having an average particle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m have an Si / (Zn + Si) atomic ratio of 0.5 atomic% and (Al + Mg) / (Zn + Si + Al + Mg) atomic numbers, respectively. Weighing and preparation were performed so that the ratio was 5.1 atomic%.
- the SiO 2 powder and MgO powder were calcined at 1000 ° C. in the same manner as in the production of AZO powder to obtain calcined powder (2).
- the calcined powders (1) and (2) are further mixed and re-calcined, and then the re-calcined powder is charged with a hard ZrO 2 ball having a particle size of 3.0 mm. And pulverized until the average particle size became 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained granulated powder was press-molded by applying a pressure of 49 MPa (500 kg / cm 2 ), and the resulting molded body of about 200 mm ⁇ was placed in an oxygen atmosphere at a maximum firing temperature of 1400 ° C. in an atmospheric pressure firing furnace. Was fired for 5 hours to obtain an oxide sintered body. At this time, the heating rate was 3 ° C./min.
- Example 2 powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained oxide sintered body. As a result, a ZnO phase having a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a spinel-type composite of zinc silicate (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) were obtained. A peak due to the oxide phase was detected.
- the oxide sintered body In Si the particle size of the raw material powder was large, and Si, which was uniformly dispersed only on a macroscopic scale, was not dissolved in the parent phase having a wurtzite structure, and an SiO 2 phase was present.
- the obtained oxide sintered body was processed to have a diameter of 152.4 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 5 mm to obtain a sputtering target.
- the transmittance and specific resistance value of the film itself obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 were measured and calculated to be 88% in the visible region and 89% in the near infrared region, and the specific resistance value was 9.0. ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body of the present invention According to the Zn—Si—O-based oxide sintered body of the present invention, abnormal discharge or the like is suppressed when used for a sputtering target, and the splash phenomenon is suppressed when used for a deposition tablet. Therefore, it has the industrial applicability utilized as a film-forming material of the transparent conductive film used for a display, a touch panel, the electrode of a solar cell, etc.
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Abstract
Description
酸化亜鉛を主成分とし、Siを含有するZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体において、
Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%であり、
Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、
SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないことを特徴とする。
Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%、Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法において、
ZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し得られるスラリーを、乾燥、造粒する第一工程と、
得られた造粒粉を加圧成形して成形体を得る第二工程と、
得られた成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る第三工程を有すると共に、
上記焼結体を得る第三工程が、700~900℃の温度域を昇温速度5℃/分以上の速さで昇温させる工程と、成形体を焼成炉内において900℃~1400℃で焼成する工程からなることを特徴とする。
上記Zn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体を加工して得られたスパッタリングターゲットを用いたスパッタリング法により、または、上記Zn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体を加工して得られた蒸着用タブレットを用いた蒸着法により成膜したことを特徴とするものである。
Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%であり、
Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、
SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないことを特徴としている。
本発明に係るZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体は、Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%であり、Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないことを特徴とし、スパッタリングターゲット若しくはイオンプレーティング等の蒸着用タブレットとして用いられる。また、比抵抗を低下させるため、Mg、Al、Ti、Ga、InおよびSnから選択された少なくとも1種の添加元素が含まれていてもよい。尚、添加元素の全成分をMとした場合、添加元素の含有量はM/(Zn+Si+M)原子数比で0.01~10原子%であることが望ましい。
本発明に係るZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法は、原料粉末を、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し、得られるスラリーを、乾燥、造粒する「第一工程」と、得られた造粒粉を加圧成形して成形体を得る「第二工程」と、得られた成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る「第三工程」とで構成されている。
第一工程で得られる「造粒粉」は、2通りの方法で製造することができる。
(第一の方法)
ZnO粉末、SiO2粉末、および、必要に応じて追加されるMg、Al、Ti、Ga、In、Snの酸化物粉末を原料粉末とし、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合して、原料粉末濃度が50~80wt%、好ましくは60wt%となるように混合し、かつ、平均粒径0.5μm以下となるまで湿式粉砕する。この際、特に原料として用いるZnO粉末とSiO2粉末の平均粒径を共に1.0μm以下とし、混合粉末の平均粒径を0.5μm以下と微細化する。更に、上記湿式粉砕においては、粒径2.0mmを越えるボールを用いた「ボールミル」では1.0μm以下の粒径を有する粒子を解砕するのに適していないため、粒径2.0mm以下のものを用いる「ビーズミル」を用いることが好ましい。この製法により、ZnO粉末、および、SiO2粉末等の凝集を確実に取り除き、後工程で発生するSi系酸化物の凝集を防ぐことができる。粉砕後、30分以上混合攪拌して得られたスラリーを乾燥・造粒して「造粒粉」を得る。
ZnO粉末、SiO2粉末、必要に応じて追加されるMg、Al、Ti、Ga、In、Snの酸化物粉末と、ZnO粉末、SiO2粉末、必要に応じて追加されるMg、Al、Ti、Ga、In、Snの酸化物粉末を混合し仮焼して得た仮焼粉末とを原料粉末とする。上記仮焼粉末を製造する際は、900℃~1400℃、好ましくは900℃~1200℃で仮焼するが、ZnM2O4あるいはZn2MO4(Mは添加元素)等といったスピネル相で表される中間化合物相が最も生成され易い700~900℃の温度域を昇温速度5℃/分以上の速さで昇温させることが重要となる。
スパッタリングターゲットを成形する場合は、上記「造粒粉」を用いて98MPa(1.0ton/cm2)以上の圧力で加圧成形を行い成形体とする。98MPa未満で成形を行うと、粒子間に存在する空孔を除去することが困難となり、焼結体の密度低下をもたらす。また、成形体強度も低くなるため、安定した製造が困難となる。ここで、加圧成形を行う際には、高圧力が得られる冷間静水圧プレスCIP(Cold Isostatic Press)を用いることが望ましい。
第二工程で得られた成形体を、常圧で焼成することにより、Zn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体が得られる。焼成温度は、900~1400℃、好ましくは1100℃~1300℃で焼結を行う。焼結温度が900℃未満では、必要な焼結収縮が得られず、機械的強度の弱い焼結体となってしまう。また、焼結収縮が十分進んでいないため、得られる焼結体の密度や寸法のバラつきが大きくなる。900℃以上の領域では、焼結が進行しかつ焼結体中の結晶粒子内部にSi原子が均一に存在するようになる。但し、必要以上に高い温度で熱エネルギーを与えると、不純物として添加しているSi濃度の高い領域が粒界に隣接した結晶粒子内部に形成されて焼結体としての導電性を阻害する原因となるが、この現象が1400℃を超えたところから発生し始めることを本発明者等は確認している。また、焼結温度が1400℃を超えると、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)の揮発が活発化し、所定の酸化亜鉛組成からずれることとなるため好ましくない。
本発明の透明導電膜は、成膜装置中で、スパッタリングターゲットを用いたスパッタリング法若しくは蒸着用タブレットを用いたイオンプレーティング等の蒸着法によりガラス等の基板上に形成される。得られる透明導電膜の組成は、本発明に係るZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体を原料としているため、酸化物焼結体の組成が反映される。また、本発明により得られる透明導電膜は、結晶相で構成されており、実質的にウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相からなり、Si元素が全てこのウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に含まれていることが好ましい。
[酸化物焼結体の作製]
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が3.0原子%となる割合で調合し、かつ、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合して、原料粉末濃度が60wt%となるように混合すると共に、混合タンクにてスラリーを作製した。
得られた実施例1に係る酸化物焼結体を、直径が152.4mm(6インチ)で、厚みが5mmとなるように加工し、無酸素銅製のバッキングプレートに金属インジウムを用いてボンディングし、実施例1に係るスパッタリングターゲットを得た。
焼成温度を1400℃(実施例2)、900℃(実施例3)、1500℃(比較例1)、800℃(比較例2)とした以外は実施例1と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が0原子%(比較例3)、0.1原子%(実施例4)、10原子%(実施例5)、15原子%(比較例4)とした以外は実施例1と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末、SiO2粉末、添加元素として第三金属元素の酸化物粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が3.0原子%、第三金属元素をMとして、M/(Zn+Si+M)原子数比が2.0原子%の条件で、第三添加元素がMg(実施例6)、Al(実施例7)、Ti(実施例8)、Ga(実施例9)、In(実施例10)、Sn(実施例11)、Al+Ga(実施例12)、および、M/(Zn+Si+M)原子数比が10原子%の条件で、第三添加元素がAl(実施例7の2)、Ga(実施例9の2)、Al+Ga(実施例12の2)とした以外は実施例1と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
粒径が3.0mmである硬質ZrO2ボールが投入されたボールミル装置を用いて、原料粉の平均粒径0.5μm以下となるまで湿式粉砕を行った以外は実施例1と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
平均粒径が1.3μmのZnO粉末および平均粒径が1.5μmのSiO2粉末を原料粉末とした以外は実施例1と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が3.0原子%となるようにそれぞれ秤量した。
焼成温度を1400℃(実施例14)、900℃(実施例15)、1500℃(比較例7)、700℃(比較例8)とした以外は実施例13と同様の条件にて酸化物焼結体を得た。
平均粒径が0.4μmのZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が4.0原子%となる割合で調合し、粒径3.0mmの硬質ZrO2ボールが投入されたボールミル装置を用いて、原料粉の平均粒径が0.3μm以下となるまで乾式粉砕を行い、造粒粉を得た。
平均粒径が0.1μmのZnO粉末、SiO2粉末およびAl2O3粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が1.1原子%、Al/(Zn+Si+Al)原子数比が3.5原子%となる割合で調合し、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し、原料粉末濃度が60wt%となるように混合し、混合タンクにてスラリーを作製した。
平均粒径が0.1μmのZnO粉末、SiO2粉末およびGa2O3粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が0.85原子%、Ga/(Zn+Si+Ga)原子数比が4.0原子%となる割合で調合し、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し、原料粉末濃度が60wt%となるように混合し、混合タンクにてスラリーを作製した。
平均粒径が0.1μmのZnO粉末、SiO2粉末およびAl2O3粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が0.7原子%、Al/(Zn+Si+Al)原子数比が4.7原子%となる割合で調合し、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し、原料粉末濃度が60wt%となるように混合し、混合タンクにてスラリーを作製した。
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末、SiO2粉末およびAl2O3粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が6.8原子%、Al/(Zn+Si+Al)原子数比が3.1原子%となる割合で調合し、粉砕は行わず乾式混合のみを行い、造粒粉を得た。
平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を原料粉末とし、Si/(Zn+Si)原子数比が5.0原子%となる割合で調合し、これ等の原料粉末を粒径が3.0mmである硬質ZrO2ボールが投入されたボールミル装置を用いて、20時間混合、乾燥し、混合分を得た。
平均粒径が5.0μmのZnO粉末、SiO2粉末、Al2O3粉末およびMgO粉末を、それぞれSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比が0.5原子%、(Al+Mg)/(Zn+Si+Al+Mg)原子数比が5.1原子%となるよう秤量、準備した。
Claims (16)
- 酸化亜鉛を主成分とし、Siを含有するZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体において、
Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%であり、
Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、
SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないことを特徴とするZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体。 - Mg、Al、Ti、Ga、InおよびSnからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種が添加され、該添加元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体。
- 上記添加元素の全成分をMとし、かつ、その含有量がM/(Zn+Si+M)原子数比で0.01~10原子%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体を加工して得られることを特徴とするスパッタリングターゲット。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体からなることを特徴とする蒸着用タブレット。
- Siの含有量がSi/(Zn+Si)原子数比で0.1~10原子%、Si元素がウルツ鉱型酸化亜鉛相に固溶していると共に、SiO2相および珪酸亜鉛(Zn2SiO4)であるスピネル型複合酸化物相を含有していないZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法において、
ZnO粉末およびSiO2粉末を、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤と混合し得られるスラリーを、乾燥、造粒する第一工程と、
得られた造粒粉を加圧成形して成形体を得る第二工程と、
得られた成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得る第三工程を有すると共に、
上記焼結体を得る第三工程が、700~900℃の温度域を昇温速度5℃/分以上の速さで昇温させる工程と、成形体を焼成炉内において900℃~1400℃で焼成する工程からなることを特徴とするZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。 - 上記第三工程において、900℃~焼結温度までの温度域を昇温速度3℃/分以下の速さで昇温させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 上記第一工程において、ZnO粉末とSiO2粉末、ZnO粉末とSiO2粉末を混合し仮焼して得た仮焼粉末、および、純水、有機バインダー、分散剤を、原料粉末であるZnO粉末、SiO2粉末および仮焼粉末の合計濃度が50~80wt%となるように混合し、10時間以上混合攪拌して上記スラリーを得ることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- ZnO粉末とSiO2粉末を混合し900℃~1400℃の条件で仮焼して上記仮焼粉末を得ていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末とSiO2粉末を用いることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末とSiO2粉末を用いることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 平均粒径が1.0μm以下のZnO粉末とSiO2粉末を用いることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のZn-Si-O系酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載のスパッタリングターゲットを用いたスパッタリング法により成膜したことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
- 請求項5に記載の蒸着用タブレットを用いた蒸着法により成膜したことを特徴とする透明導電膜。
- 波長400nm~800nmにおける膜自体の透過率が80%以上で、波長800nm~1200nmにおける膜自体の透過率が80%以上で、かつ、比抵抗が9.0×10-4Ω・cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の透明導電膜。
- 波長400nm~800nmにおける膜自体の透過率が80%以上で、波長800nm~1200nmにおける膜自体の透過率が80%以上で、かつ、比抵抗が9.0×10-4Ω・cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の透明導電膜。
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EP3210952B1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2019-05-01 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Oxide sintered compact, oxide sputtering target, and oxide thin film |
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WO2016152349A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-29 | Jx金属株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体及び該酸化物焼結体からなるスパッタリングターゲット |
JP6144858B1 (ja) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-06-07 | 株式会社コベルコ科研 | 酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット、並びにそれらの製造方法 |
WO2018211793A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-22 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 透明導電膜用スパッタリングターゲット |
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JP7060012B2 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2022-04-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ヒ化ガリウム結晶基板 |
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US11131018B2 (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-09-28 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Coating material sputtered in presence of argon-helium based coating |
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