WO2013027290A1 - 車両、および、車両の制御方法ならびに制御装置 - Google Patents
車両、および、車両の制御方法ならびに制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013027290A1 WO2013027290A1 PCT/JP2011/069150 JP2011069150W WO2013027290A1 WO 2013027290 A1 WO2013027290 A1 WO 2013027290A1 JP 2011069150 W JP2011069150 W JP 2011069150W WO 2013027290 A1 WO2013027290 A1 WO 2013027290A1
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- engine
- power
- storage device
- power storage
- battery
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle, a vehicle control method, and a control device, and in particular, in a vehicle equipped with a first power storage device and a second power storage device, power is supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device.
- a vehicle equipped with a first power storage device and a second power storage device
- power is supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device.
- a hybrid vehicle equipped with an electric motor as a driving source or an electric vehicle equipped with a cruising distance extension function is known.
- vehicles such as these for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-39886 (Patent Document 1), a motor torque equivalent to the engine torque that can be output from the engine is output from the electric motor to The fuel supply amount is reduced.
- the hybrid vehicle when the hybrid vehicle is a relatively small vehicle, a large battery, that is, a battery having a large capacity cannot be mounted. Therefore, the charging power of the battery is larger than the charging power of the battery in the large hybrid vehicle. small. Therefore, in a hybrid vehicle equipped with a small battery, it is difficult to obtain an opportunity to operate the engine in a high load region where the efficiency of the engine is high in order to generate a large amount of electric power charged in the battery. As a result, the engine must be operated in a low load region where the engine efficiency is low.
- An object of the present invention is to improve engine efficiency.
- a vehicle supplies power to a second power storage device from a first power storage device that stores power, a second power storage device connected to the first power storage device, and the first power storage device.
- a supply device and an engine that operates with a load corresponding to the electric power supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device.
- the supply device supplies power from the first power storage device to the second power storage device when the engine load is smaller than the threshold during engine load operation.
- the engine load is increased by supplying power from the first power storage device to the second power storage device. Therefore, the engine efficiency is improved in the engine having the characteristic that the efficiency is high in the high load operation region.
- the supply device stops the power supply from the first power storage device to the second power storage device during no-load operation of the engine.
- the supply device stops the power supply from the first power storage device to the second power storage device while the engine is idling.
- a vehicle is driven by an engine to generate power, and a generator that supplies power corresponding to power supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device to the first power storage device. Further prepare.
- the engine is operated with a load corresponding to the power generated by the generator.
- the efficiency of the engine can be improved in the vehicle that stores the electric power generated using the engine in the power storage device.
- the supply device is a converter. According to this configuration, power can be supplied from the first power storage device to the second power storage device via the converter at a desired voltage.
- the engine efficiency is improved in the engine having the characteristic that the efficiency is high in the high load operation region.
- the hybrid vehicle includes an engine 100, a first motor generator 110, a second motor generator 120, a power split mechanism 130, a speed reducer 140, and a battery 150.
- This vehicle travels by driving force from at least one of engine 100 and second motor generator 120.
- Engine 100, first motor generator 110, and second motor generator 120 are connected via power split mechanism 130.
- the power generated by the engine 100 is divided into two paths by the power split mechanism 130.
- One is a path for driving the front wheels 160 via the speed reducer 140.
- the other is a path for driving the first motor generator 110 to generate power.
- the first motor generator 110 is a three-phase AC rotating electric machine including a U-phase coil, a V-phase coil, and a W-phase coil.
- First motor generator 110 generates power using the power of engine 100 divided by power split mechanism 130.
- the electric power generated by the first motor generator 110 is selectively used according to the traveling state of the vehicle and the state of the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery 150. For example, during normal traveling, the electric power generated by first motor generator 110 becomes electric power for driving second motor generator 120 as it is.
- the remaining capacity of battery 150 is lower than a predetermined value, the electric power generated by first motor generator 110 is converted from AC to DC by an inverter described later. Thereafter, the voltage is adjusted by a converter described later and stored in the battery 150.
- the first motor generator 110 When the first motor generator 110 is acting as a generator, the first motor generator 110 generates a negative torque.
- the negative torque means a torque that becomes a load on engine 100.
- first motor generator 110 When first motor generator 110 is supplied with electric power and acts as a motor, first motor generator 110 generates positive torque.
- the positive torque means a torque that does not become a load on the engine 100, that is, a torque that assists the rotation of the engine 100. The same applies to the second motor generator 120.
- first motor generator 110 acts as a motor.
- the engine 100 is cranked by the first motor generator 110.
- first motor generator 110 acts as a generator to generate negative torque.
- first motor generator 110 is controlled such that the crank angle becomes a predetermined angle.
- the second motor generator 120 is a three-phase AC rotating electric machine including a U-phase coil, a V-phase coil, and a W-phase coil. Second motor generator 120 is driven by at least one of the electric power stored in battery 150 and the electric power generated by first motor generator 110.
- the second motor generator 120 is provided so that torque is transmitted to and from the wheels. Torque of the second motor generator 120 is transmitted to the front wheels 160 via the speed reducer 140. As a result, the second motor generator 120 assists the engine 100 or causes the vehicle to run with the torque from the second motor generator 120.
- the rear wheels may be driven instead of or in addition to the front wheels 160.
- the second motor generator 120 is driven by the front wheels 160 via the speed reducer 140, and the second motor generator 120 operates as a generator. Accordingly, second motor generator 120 operates as a regenerative brake that converts braking energy into electric power.
- the electric power generated by second motor generator 120 is stored in battery 150.
- the power split mechanism 130 includes a planetary gear including a sun gear, a pinion gear, a carrier, and a ring gear.
- the pinion gear engages with the sun gear and the ring gear.
- the carrier supports the pinion gear so that it can rotate.
- the sun gear is connected to the rotation shaft of first motor generator 110.
- the carrier is connected to the crankshaft of engine 100.
- the ring gear is connected to the rotation shaft of second motor generator 120 and speed reducer 140.
- the engine 100, the first motor generator 110, and the second motor generator 120 are connected via a power split mechanism 130 that is a planetary gear, so that the rotational speeds of the engine 100, the first motor generator 110, and the second motor generator 120 are increased. As shown in FIG. 2, the relationship is connected by a straight line in the nomograph.
- the traveling battery 150 is an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of battery modules in which a plurality of battery cells are integrated in series.
- the voltage of the battery 150 is about 200V, for example.
- the battery 150 is charged with electric power supplied from the first motor generator 110 and the second motor generator 120.
- the charging power to the battery 150 is determined based on parameters including the remaining capacity and temperature of the battery 150.
- the electric power stored in the battery 150 is supplied to the first motor generator 110 and the second motor generator 120, and is also supplied to the auxiliary battery 240 via the DC / DC converter 230 during the load operation of the engine 100. .
- the remaining capacity of the battery 150 is reduced according to the electric power supplied to the auxiliary battery 240.
- charging power from first motor generator 110 to battery 150 is supplied from battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240. It depends on the power to be used.
- the charging power from the first motor generator 110 to the battery 150 may be determined in consideration of the power supplied from the battery 150 to the auxiliary battery 240 as a parameter at all times.
- ECU 170 Electronic Control Unit 170
- Engine 100, first motor generator 110, second motor generator 120, and DC / DC converter 230 are controlled by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 170.
- ECU 170 may be divided into a plurality of ECUs.
- the electric system of the hybrid vehicle will be further described with reference to FIG.
- the hybrid vehicle is provided with a converter 200, a first inverter 210, a second inverter 220, a DC / DC converter 230, an auxiliary battery 240, and an SMR (System Main Relay) 250.
- a converter 200 a first inverter 210, a second inverter 220, a DC / DC converter 230, an auxiliary battery 240, and an SMR (System Main Relay) 250.
- SMR System Main Relay
- Converter 200 includes a reactor, two npn transistors, and two diodes. Reactor has one end connected to the positive electrode side of battery 150 and the other end connected to a connection point of two npn transistors.
- the two npn type transistors are connected in series.
- the npn transistor is controlled by the ECU 170.
- a diode is connected between the collector and emitter of each npn transistor so that a current flows from the emitter side to the collector side.
- an IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- a power switching element such as a power MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) can be used instead of the npn transistor.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- the voltage is boosted by the converter 200. Conversely, when charging the battery 150 with the electric power generated by the first motor generator 110 or the second motor generator 120, the voltage is stepped down by the converter 200.
- the system voltage VH between the converter 200 and the first inverter 210 and the second inverter 220 is detected by a voltmeter 180.
- the detection result of the voltmeter 180 is transmitted to the ECU 170.
- First inverter 210 includes a U-phase arm, a V-phase arm, and a W-phase arm.
- the U-phase arm, V-phase arm and W-phase arm are connected in parallel.
- Each of the U-phase arm, the V-phase arm, and the W-phase arm has two npn transistors connected in series. Between the collector and emitter of each npn-type transistor, a diode for flowing current from the emitter side to the collector side is connected.
- a connection point of each npn transistor in each arm is connected to an end portion different from neutral point 112 of each coil of first motor generator 110.
- the first inverter 210 converts the direct current supplied from the battery 150 into an alternating current and supplies the alternating current to the first motor generator 110.
- the first inverter 210 converts the alternating current generated by the first motor generator 110 into a direct current.
- the second inverter 220 includes a U-phase arm, a V-phase arm, and a W-phase arm.
- the U-phase arm, V-phase arm and W-phase arm are connected in parallel.
- Each of the U-phase arm, the V-phase arm, and the W-phase arm has two npn transistors connected in series. Between the collector and emitter of each npn-type transistor, a diode for flowing current from the emitter side to the collector side is connected.
- a connection point of each npn transistor in each arm is connected to an end portion different from neutral point 122 of each coil of second motor generator 120.
- the second inverter 220 converts the direct current supplied from the battery 150 into an alternating current and supplies the alternating current to the second motor generator 120. Second inverter 220 converts the alternating current generated by second motor generator 120 into a direct current.
- DC / DC converter 230 is connected in parallel with converter 200 between battery 150 and converter 200.
- the DC / DC converter 230 steps down the direct current voltage.
- the electric power output from the DC / DC converter 230 is charged in the auxiliary battery 240.
- the electric power charged in the auxiliary battery 240 is supplied to the auxiliary machine 242 such as an electric oil pump and the ECU 170.
- SMR (System Main Relay) 250 is provided between battery 150 and DC / DC converter 230.
- the SMR 250 is a relay that switches between a state where the battery 150 and the electrical system are connected and a state where the battery 150 is disconnected. When SMR 250 is open, battery 150 is disconnected from the electrical system. When SMR 250 is closed, battery 150 is connected to the electrical system.
- the battery 150 is electrically disconnected from the DC / DC converter 230, the auxiliary battery 240, the auxiliary machine 242, the ECU 170, and the like.
- the SMR 250 is in a closed state, power can be supplied from the battery 150 to the DC / DC converter 230, the auxiliary battery 240, the auxiliary machine 242, the ECU 170, and the like.
- the control mode of the engine 100 will be further described with reference to FIG. 6, when the traveling power of the hybrid vehicle is smaller than the engine start threshold value, engine 100 is stopped and the hybrid vehicle travels using only the driving force of second motor generator 120.
- the traveling power of the hybrid vehicle exceeds the engine start threshold value, engine 100 is driven.
- the hybrid vehicle travels using the driving force of engine 100 in addition to or instead of the driving force of second motor generator 120.
- the electric power generated by first motor generator 110 using the driving force of engine 100 is directly supplied to second motor generator 120.
- the traveling power is calculated by the ECU 170 according to a map having, for example, an accelerator pedal opening (accelerator opening) and a vehicle speed operated by a driver as parameters. That is, in the present embodiment, the traveling power of the hybrid vehicle represents the power required by the driver. Note that the method of calculating the traveling power is not limited to this. In the present embodiment, the unit of power is kW (kilowatt).
- the hybrid vehicle is controlled so that the traveling power is shared by the engine 100 and the second motor generator 120.
- first motor generator 110 does not generate power
- the sum of the output power of engine 100 and the output power of second motor generator 120 is controlled to be substantially the same as the traveling power. Therefore, when the output power of engine 100 is zero, the output power of second motor generator 120 is controlled to be substantially the same as the traveling power.
- control is performed so that the output power of engine 100 is substantially the same as the traveling power.
- the output power control mode is not limited to this.
- the engine 100 corresponds to the generated electric power of the first motor generator 110. Controlled to output extra power.
- the sum of the power shared by the engine 100 from the traveling power of the hybrid vehicle and the power that should be output by the engine 100 to cause the first motor generator 110 to generate power and charge the battery 150 is also referred to as engine required power. To do.
- the operating point of the engine 100 that is, the engine speed NE and the load (that is, the output torque TE) are determined by the intersection of the engine required power and the fuel efficiency optimum line.
- the engine required power is indicated by an isopower line. Since the load on engine 100 is determined by the intersection of the engine required power and the fuel efficiency optimum line, in this embodiment, the lower the engine required power, the lower the load.
- the engine 100 when the first motor generator 110 is operated as a generator and the generated power is supplied from the first motor generator 110 to the battery 150, the engine 100 corresponds to the generated power of the first motor generator 110. It is controlled to output extra power. Therefore, as a result, engine 100 operates with a load corresponding to the power generated by first motor generator 110.
- the generated electric power of the first motor generator 110 is charged to the battery 150. It is determined according to electric power. As an example, the electric power generated by the first motor generator 110 coincides with or substantially coincides with the electric power charged in the battery 150.
- the charging power from first motor generator 110 to battery 150 is determined according to the power supplied from battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240. Therefore, as a result, engine 100 operates with a load corresponding to the electric power supplied from traveling battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240 via DC / DC converter 230.
- the fuel efficiency optimal line is a line that connects the operating points where the engine 100 is efficient.
- the fuel efficiency optimum line is indicated by a solid line, and the efficiency of the engine 100 at each operating point is indicated by a broken line equal engine efficiency line.
- the fuel efficiency optimal line is obtained by connecting the operating points with the highest efficiency among the operating points on each equal power line.
- the fuel efficiency optimal line is predetermined by the developer based on the results of experiments and simulations.
- FIG. 8 as a general characteristic of the efficiency, it is shown that if the operating point is moved in the high rotation direction along the fuel efficiency optimal line so that the load, that is, the torque becomes high, the efficiency of the engine is improved. . That is, in the present embodiment, the efficiency increases as the load on engine 100 increases.
- DC / DC converter 230 causes battery for traveling when load of engine 100 is smaller than a threshold value during load operation of engine 100. Control is performed by ECU 170 so that electric power is supplied from 150 to auxiliary battery 240.
- the auxiliary battery is connected from the traveling battery 150 via the DC / DC converter 230. Electric power is supplied to the battery 240.
- a value such that the efficiency of the engine 100 is a predetermined value or less is determined as the threshold value.
- the DC / DC converter 230 is controlled by the ECU 170 so as to stop the power supply from the traveling battery 150 to the auxiliary battery 240 during the no-load operation of the engine 100.
- the DC / DC converter 230 is controlled by the ECU 170 so that the power supply from the traveling battery 150 to the auxiliary battery 240 is stopped during the idling operation of the engine 100.
- DC / DC converter 230 supplies power from traveling battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240 when engine 100 load (engine required power) is smaller than a threshold value.
- the ECU 170 is controlled. Idle operation is an example of no-load operation.
- processing executed by ECU 170 in the present embodiment will be described.
- the following processing may be realized by software, may be realized by software, or may be realized by cooperation of software and hardware.
- step (hereinafter step is abbreviated as S) 100 it is determined whether engine 100 is in a load operation. For example, when the accelerator opening is larger than zero, and when the first motor generator 110 is operated as a generator and the engine 100 is operated to charge the battery 150, it is determined that the engine 100 is in a load operation. Is done. Whether or not the engine 100 is in a load operation may be determined by using a known general technique, and thus detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.
- auxiliary battery 240 If the engine required power is equal to or higher than the threshold value (NO in S102), power is supplied from traveling battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240 via DC / DC converter 230 as necessary in S106. Is done. As an example, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 240 falls below a predetermined value, electric power is supplied from the traveling battery 150 to the auxiliary battery 240 via the DC / DC converter 230.
- the DC / DC converter is configured so that power supply from traveling battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240 is stopped in S108. 230 is controlled.
- DC / DC converter 230 is controlled in S108 so that power supply from traveling battery 150 to auxiliary battery 240 is stopped. .
- the auxiliary battery is connected from traveling battery 150 via DC / DC converter 230. Electric power is supplied to the battery 240.
- the load on the engine 100 is increased as a result. Therefore, in the engine 100 having the characteristic that the efficiency is high in the high load operation region, the efficiency of the engine 100 is improved.
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Abstract
Description
この構成によると、コンバータを介して第1の蓄電装置から第2の蓄電装置に所望の電圧で電力を供給できる。
Claims (7)
- 電力を蓄える第1の蓄電装置と、
前記第1の蓄電装置に接続された第2の蓄電装置と、
前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給する供給装置と、
前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に供給される電力に応じた負荷で運転するエンジンとを備え、
前記供給装置は、前記エンジンの負荷運転中において、前記エンジンの負荷がしきい値よりも小さいと、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給する、車両。 - 前記供給装置は、前記エンジンの無負荷運転中において、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置への電力供給を停止する、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記供給装置は、前記エンジンのアイドル運転中において、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置への電力供給を停止する、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記エンジンによって駆動されて発電し、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に供給される電力に応じた電力を前記第1の蓄電装置に供給する発電機をさらに備え、
前記エンジンは、前記発電機の発電電力に応じた負荷で運転する、請求項1に記載の車両。 - 前記供給装置は、コンバータである、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 電力を蓄える第1の蓄電装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置に接続された第2の蓄電装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給する供給装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に供給される電力に応じた負荷で運転するエンジンとを備えた車両の制御方法であって、
前記エンジンを負荷運転するステップと、
前記エンジンの負荷運転中において、前記エンジンの負荷がしきい値よりも小さいと、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給するステップとを備える車両の制御方法。 - 電力を蓄える第1の蓄電装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置に接続された第2の蓄電装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給する供給装置と、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に供給される電力に応じた負荷で運転するエンジンとを備えた車両の制御装置であって、
前記エンジンを負荷運転するための手段と、
前記エンジンの負荷運転中において、前記エンジンの負荷がしきい値よりも小さいと、前記第1の蓄電装置から前記第2の蓄電装置に電力を供給するための手段とを備える車両の制御装置。
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CN201180073010.2A CN103747995B (zh) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 车辆、车辆的控制方法以及控制装置 |
PCT/JP2011/069150 WO2013027290A1 (ja) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 車両、および、車両の制御方法ならびに制御装置 |
US14/238,550 US9333863B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | Vehicle, and control method and control device for vehicle |
EP11871319.7A EP2749467B1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | Vehicle, and control method and control device for vehicle |
JP2013529823A JP5747988B2 (ja) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 車両、および、車両の制御方法ならびに制御装置 |
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CN103538484B (zh) * | 2013-09-24 | 2018-08-21 | 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | 一种以永磁同步发电机组为主的车载供电站输出方法 |
EP3083355A4 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-08-02 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Vehicle comprising a vehicle system controller for controlling energy flows within the vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2749467B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
US9333863B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
CN103747995A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
JPWO2013027290A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
EP2749467A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2749467A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
US20140210261A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
JP5747988B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
CN103747995B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
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