WO2013018879A1 - 脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質、これをコードする遺伝子及びその用途 - Google Patents
脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質、これをコードする遺伝子及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018879A1 WO2013018879A1 PCT/JP2012/069792 JP2012069792W WO2013018879A1 WO 2013018879 A1 WO2013018879 A1 WO 2013018879A1 JP 2012069792 W JP2012069792 W JP 2012069792W WO 2013018879 A1 WO2013018879 A1 WO 2013018879A1
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- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
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- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6463—Glycerides obtained from glyceride producing microorganisms, e.g. single cell oil
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel protein having activity for promoting fatty acid chain length extension, a polynucleotide encoding the same, and a method for using the same.
- the chain extension reaction of fatty acids is performed by (i) condensation reaction between fatty acyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, (ii) reduction reaction of 3-oxoacyl-CoA, which is a condensation product, (iii) The number of carbons is increased by two and the chain length is extended through a four-stage reaction of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydration and (iv) trans-2-enoyl-CoA reduction (non-patent literature) 1).
- the reactions (i) to (iv) are respectively performed by (i) 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, (ii) ⁇ -ketoacyl reductase, (iii) 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and (iv) enoyl-CoA reductase. It is known that these enzymes are mediated (Non-patent Document 1). Among these enzymes, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, which is responsible for the condensation reaction, is known to show specificity for fatty acids as substrates, and enzymes with various specificities have been cloned from various organisms. Has been.
- PHS1 essential
- TSC13 essential
- 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (so-called chain length extension enzyme) gene responsible for the first reaction involved in fatty acid chain length extension ( MALCE1 (ELO3), MALCE2, GLELO, MAELO) are known (patent document 1), but genes of enzymes other than 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase are not known.
- the present inventors succeeded in cloning a gene encoding the homologous protein MaADR1 of AYR1, which is a yeast 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following polynucleotide, protein, expression vector, transformant, lipid or fatty acid composition using the transformant, a method for producing a food, etc., and a food produced by such a method. provide.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the polynucleotide according to any one of the following groups selected from the group consisting of (a) to (e): (A) a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 4; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; (C) a polypeptide encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 100 amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and having fatty acid chain length promoting activity nucleotide; (D) a polynucleotide encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence having 60% or more identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and having fatty acid chain length promoting activity; and (e) SEQ ID NO: 1 Or a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a
- [4] The polynucleotide according to [1] above, which encodes a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- [5] The polynucleotide according to any one of [1] to [4] above, which is DNA.
- [7] A vector containing the polynucleotide according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
- [8] A non-human transformant into which the polynucleotide according to any one of [1] to [5] is introduced.
- [9] A non-human transformant into which the vector according to [7] is introduced.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention can be used for transformation of lipid-producing bacteria (for example, M. alpina), yeast, plants, and the like, and thus obtained transformed lipid-producing bacteria, transformed yeast, or transformation Plants and the like can be used for the production of fatty acid compositions, foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like.
- lipid-producing bacteria for example, M. alpina
- yeast for example, yeast, plants, and the like
- Plants and the like can be used for the production of fatty acid compositions, foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like.
- the transformant of the present invention has extremely high production efficiency of lipids and fatty acids. Therefore, this invention can be effectively used for manufacture of the pharmaceutical or health food which requires a large amount of lipid or fatty acid.
- the present inventors have succeeded in cloning the full-length cDNA of the AYR1 homolog gene (MaADR1) from the lipid-producing bacterium M. pinalpina as described in detail in the examples below.
- the present inventors have also identified the base sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the genomic DNA of MaADR1 derived from M. alpina.
- the ORF sequence, deduced amino acid sequence, CDS sequence and genomic sequence of MaADR1 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively.
- the present invention provides a polynucleotide according to any one selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (e).
- A a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 4;
- B a polynucleotide encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;
- C a polypeptide encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 100 amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and having fatty acid chain length promoting activity nucleotide;
- D a polynucleotide encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence having 60% or more identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and having fatty acid chain length promoting activity; and
- polynucleotide means DNA or RNA.
- a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions refers to, for example, a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 4, or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. This refers to a polynucleotide obtained by using a colony hybridization method, a plaque hybridization method, a Southern hybridization method, or the like using as a probe all or part of a polynucleotide comprising a base sequence to be encoded. Examples of hybridization methods include “Sambrook & Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press 2001” and “Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons 1987-1997". Can be used.
- stringent conditions may be any of low stringent conditions, medium stringent conditions, and high stringent conditions.
- Low stringent conditions are, for example, conditions of 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 32 ° C.
- intermediate stringent conditions include, for example, 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 42 ° C. or 5 x SSC, 1% SDS, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5 ), 50% formamide, 42 ° C.
- “High stringent conditions” are, for example, conditions of 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 50 ° C. or 0.2 ° ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C. Under these conditions, it can be expected that DNA having higher identity can be efficiently obtained as the temperature is increased.
- factors affecting the stringency of hybridization include multiple factors such as temperature, probe concentration, probe length, ionic strength, time, and salt concentration, and those skilled in the art can select these factors as appropriate. By doing so, it is possible to achieve the same stringency.
- a probe based on a base sequence complementary to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 4 or a base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 commercially available reagents (for example, If the probe is labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) using a PCR labeling mix (Roche Diagnostics, etc.), detect hybridization using a DIG nucleic acid detection kit (Roche Diagnostics) Can do.
- DIG digoxigenin
- the identity of amino acid sequences and base sequences can be determined by FASTA (Science 227 (4693): 1435-1441, (1985)) or BLAST algorithm (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 872264-2268, 1990; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5873, 1993).
- Programs called blastn, blastx, blastp, tblastn and tblastx based on the BLAST algorithm have been developed (Altschul SF, et al: J Mol Biol 215: 403, 1990).
- the amino acid sequence is analyzed using blastp
- BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs use the default parameters of each program.
- the above-described polynucleotide of the present invention can be obtained by a known genetic engineering technique or a known synthesis technique.
- Protein of the present invention provides the following proteins (i) to (iv).
- the protein described in (iii) or (iv) above is typically a naturally occurring variant of the protein of SEQ ID NO: 2, for example, “Sambrook & Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2001 “,” Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons 1987-1997 “,” Nuc. Acids. Res., 10, 6487 (1982) “,” Proc. Natl. Acad . Sci. USA, 79, 6409 (1982) “,” Gene, 34, 315 (1985) ",” Nuc. Acids. Res., 13, 4431 (1985) ",” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 82, 488 (1985) "and the like, and those that can be artificially obtained using the site-directed mutagenesis method are also included.
- a protein having a fatty acid chain length-promoting activity consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 have been deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added
- amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 for example, 1 to 100, 1 to 90, 1 to 80, 1 to 70, 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 40, 1 to 39 , 1-38, 1-37, 1-36, 1-35, 1-34, 1-33, 1-32, 1-31, 1-30, 1-29 , 1-28, 1-27, 1-26, 1-25, 1-24, 1-23, 1-22, 1-21, 1-20, 1-19 , 1-18, 1-17, 1-16, 1-15, 1-14, 1-13, 1-12, 1-11, 1-10, 1-9 (1 to several), 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 amino acid residue From deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added amino acid sequences
- a protein having fatty acid chain length-promoting activity
- Such proteins include the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 60% or more, 61% or more, 62% or more, 63% or more, 64% or more, 65% or more, 66% or more, 67% or more, 68% 69% or more, 70% or more, 71% or more, 72% or more, 73% or more, 74% or more, 75% or more, 76% or more, 77% or more, 78% or more, 79% or more, 80% or more, 81% or more, 82% or more, 83% or more, 84% or more, 85% or more, 86% or more, 87% or more, 88% or more, 89% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% More than 94%, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, 99.1% or more, 99.2% or more, 99.3% or more, 99.4% or more, 99.5% or more, 99.6% or more, A protein having an amino acid sequence having an identity of 99.
- any protein has “fatty acid chain length-promoting activity”
- the protein when expressed in an appropriate host cell such as yeast, lipid-producing bacteria, and plant cells, Among fatty acids that can be synthesized by cells, the content of fatty acids having a higher carbon number increases.
- the fatty acid having 2 carbon atoms less than this is used for the synthesis of the “fatty acid having more carbon atoms”
- the amount of the fatty acid having 2 carbon atoms may be reduced.
- the amount of fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms is reduced compared to the same type of cells that are not expressed.
- the amount of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms increases, (ii) the amount of fatty acids with 17 carbon atoms decreases, the amount of fatty acids with 19 carbon atoms increases, or (iii) the amount of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms decreases, carbon
- the number of fatty acids of number 20 increases, (iv) the amount of fatty acids of carbon number 20 decreases, the amount of fatty acids of carbon number 22 increases, or (v) the amount of fatty acids of carbon number 22 decreases, and the number of carbon atoms 24
- Vi) Decrease in the amount of fatty acids with 24 carbon atoms, increase in the amount of fatty acids with 26 carbon atoms, or (vii) Decrease in the amount of fatty acids with 26 carbon atoms, and fatty acids with 28 carbon atoms The amount increases or (viii) the amount of fatty acid having 28 carbon atoms decreases and the amount of fatty acid having 30 carbon atoms increases.
- the fatty acid chain length extension promoting activity can be measured according to the method described in Han, G. et al., (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35440-35449.
- Examples of the method for confirming the activity of promoting fatty acid chain length extension include experiments using appropriate host cells such as yeast, lipid-producing bacteria and plant cells.
- a polynucleotide encoding the protein of the present invention is expressed in a host cell and the amount of fatty acid having a longer chain length increases, the protein or peptide encoded by the polynucleotide promotes fatty acid chain length extension. It can be said that it has activity.
- the inventors expressed the protein of the present invention in yeast cells and analyzed the fatty acid composition contained in the yeast cells using gas chromatography. As a result, the amount of fatty acids having 16 carbon atoms decreased. It has been confirmed that the amount of fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms has increased. Since yeast can only synthesize fatty acids with up to 18 carbon atoms, the amount of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms increased in the examples, but fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms, such as 19 or 20 carbon atoms.
- a cell capable of synthesizing various fatty acids for example, Mortierella alpina
- a fatty acid having a higher carbon number for example, having the highest carbon number
- the amount of fatty acids increases.
- the protein of the present invention preferably exhibits a chain extension promoting activity on fatty acids contained in triacylglycerol.
- the fatty acid whose chain length is extended by the protein of the present invention may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, but is preferably an unsaturated fatty acid, more preferably a monovalent, divalent, 3 Is a tetravalent or tetravalent unsaturated fatty acid. Since the protein of the present invention is a homologous protein of AYR1 protein derived from yeast, it is considered that it has ⁇ -ketoacyl reductase activity like AYR1.
- IFA38 is known as a gene having ⁇ -ketoacyl reductase activity in addition to AYR1, and it is known that if these two are destroyed at the same time, they are lethal (Han, G. et al., (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35440-35449). Whether or not the protein of the present invention has ⁇ -ketoacyl reductase activity can be determined by expressing the protein of the present invention in a yeast strain in which the AYR1 gene and the IFA38 gene are disrupted, or ⁇ -keto This can be confirmed by examining whether acyl reductase activity can be compensated.
- deletion, substitution, insertion and / or addition of one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of the protein of the present invention means that one or more amino acid residues in the same sequence are at one or more positions in the amino acid sequence. It means that there are deletion, substitution, insertion and / or addition of a plurality of amino acid residues, and two or more of deletion, substitution, insertion and addition may occur simultaneously.
- amino acid residues contained in the same group can be substituted for each other.
- Group A leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, valine, norvaline, alanine, 2-aminobutanoic acid, methionine, o-methylserine, t-butylglycine, t-butylalanine, cyclohexylalanine;
- Group B aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoaspartic acid , Isoglutamic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, 2-aminosuberic acid;
- group C asparagine, glutamine;
- group D lysine, arginine, ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid;
- group E Proline, 3-hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxyproline;
- Group F serine, threonine, homoserine
- the protein of the present invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis methods such as Fmoc method (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method) and tBoc method (t-butyloxycarbonyl method). Chemical synthesis can also be performed using peptide synthesizers such as Advanced Automation Peptide Protein Technologies, Perkin Elmer, Protein Technologies, PerSeptive, Applied Biosystems, and SHIMADZU.
- chemical synthesis can also be performed using peptide synthesizers such as Advanced Automation Peptide Protein Technologies, Perkin Elmer, Protein Technologies, PerSeptive, Applied Biosystems, and SHIMADZU.
- the vector of the present invention and a transformant incorporating the vector also provides, in another embodiment, an expression vector containing the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the vector of the present invention is usually (I) a promoter capable of being transcribed in a host cell; (Ii) the polynucleotide according to any one of (a) to (g) bound to the promoter; and (iii) a signal that functions in the host cell with respect to transcription termination and polyadenylation of the RNA molecule.
- the vector thus constructed is introduced into a host cell. Examples of suitable host cells used in the present invention include lipid producing bacteria, yeast and the like.
- Mortierella elongata IFO8570, Mortierella exigua IFO8571, Mortierella hygrophila IFO5941, Mortierella 266alpina, cc Microorganisms belonging to the subgenus Mortierella such as ATCC42430, CBS 219.35, CBS224.37, CBS250.53, CBS343.66, CBS527.72, CBS528.72, CBS529.72, CBS608.70, CBS754.68, Or Mortierella isabellina CBS194.28, IFO6336, IFO7824, IFO7873, IFO7874, IFO8286, IFO8308, IFO7884, Mortierella nana I Genus micro-mucor micro such as FO8190, Mortierella ra
- yeast examples include Saccharomyces cerevisiae EH13-15, NBRC1951, NBRC1952, NBRC1953, NBRC1954, and the like.
- fatty acids having a longer chain length for example, fatty acids having 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms, or the like
- the amount of fatty acids having the above carbon number is increasing.
- the fatty acid is a fatty acid contained in triacylglycerol (also referred to as “triglyceride”).
- triacylglycerol also referred to as “triglyceride”.
- pDura5 Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65, 419-425, (2004)
- the vector used for introduction into yeast is not particularly limited as long as it is a vector having an activity of expressing an insert in yeast cells.
- pYE22m Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1221-1228, 1995.
- the promoter / terminator for regulating gene expression in the host cell may be any combination as long as it functions in the host cell.
- the promoter of histon H4.1 gene when used in lipid-producing bacteria, the promoter of histon H4.1 gene, the promoter of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and the like can be used.
- Selection markers used for transformation include auxotrophic markers (ura5, niaD, trp1), drug resistance markers (hygromycine, zeocin), geneticin resistance gene (G418r), copper resistance gene (CUP1) (Marin et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- cerulenin resistance gene (fas2m, PDR4) (Ashigaki, et al., Biochemistry, 64, 660, 1992; Hussain et al., Gene, 101, respectively) 149, 1991) can be used.
- lipid-producing bacteria As a host cell transformation method, a publicly known method can be used.
- the electroporation method Mackenxie D. A. et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 4655-4661, 2000
- the particle delivery method JP 2005-287403 “Lipid-producing bacteria”.
- electroporation method spheroplast method (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75 p1929 (1978)), lithium acetate method (J. Bacteriology, 153, p163 (1983)), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75 p1929 (1978), Methods in yeast genetics, 2000 Edition: A Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Course Manual etc., but not limited thereto.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a lipid or fatty acid composition using the above transformed lipid-producing bacterium or yeast.
- lipid refers to a simple lipid including a compound (for example, glyceride) in which a fatty acid and an alcohol are ester-bonded or an analog thereof (for example, a cholesterol ester), a portion of the simple lipid, and phosphoric acid.
- oil and fat refers to an ester (glyceride) of glycerol and a fatty acid.
- fatty acid means an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid represented by the general formula RCOOH (where R is an alkyl group) (a carboxylic acid having one carboxyl group and having carbon atoms linked in a chain).
- RCOOH where R is an alkyl group
- Fatty acids include saturated fatty acids that do not have double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain and unsaturated fatty acids that contain double bonds.
- the lipid or fatty acid composition of the present invention can be extracted from cells transformed according to the present invention as follows.
- cultured cells are obtained according to conventional methods such as centrifugation and filtration after completion of the culture.
- the cells are thoroughly washed and preferably dried. Drying can be performed by freeze drying, air drying, or the like. If necessary, the dried cells are crushed with dynomill or ultrasonic waves, and then extracted with an organic solvent, preferably under a nitrogen stream.
- organic solvent ether, hexane, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, or the like can be used, or by alternately extracting methanol and petroleum ether or using a single solvent of chloroform-methanol-water. Good results can be obtained.
- Fatty acid-containing lipids can be obtained by distilling off the organic solvent from the extract under reduced pressure.
- the extracted fatty acid may be methyl esterified by the hydrochloric acid methanol method or the like.
- the separation of the fatty acid from the lipid containing the fatty acid is performed by concentration and separation by a conventional method (for example, urea addition method, cooling separation method, column chromatography method, etc.) in the state of mixed fatty acid or mixed fatty acid ester. It can be carried out.
- a conventional method for example, urea addition method, cooling separation method, column chromatography method, etc.
- the lipid produced by the method of the present invention is preferably triacylglycerol, more preferably triacylglycerol containing a fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid produced by the method of the present invention is preferably a fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms contained in triacylglycerol.
- fatty acids with 18 or more carbon atoms include stearic acid (18: 0), oleic acid ( 18: 1 (9)), vaccenic acid (18: 1 (11)), linoleic acid (18: 2 (9,12)), ⁇ -linolenic acid (18: 3 (9,12,15)), ⁇ -Linolenic acid (18: 3 (6,9,12)), eleostearic acid (18: 3 (9,11,13)), arachidic acid (20: 0), eicosenoic acid (20: 1 ⁇ 11), 8 , 11-eicosadienoic acid (20: 2 (8,11)), 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (20: 3 (5,8,11)), arachidonic acid (20: 4 (5,8, 11,14)), behenic acid (22: 0), lignoceric acid (24: 0), nervonic acid (24: 1), serotic acid (26: 0), montanic acid (28: 0) and melicic acid (30
- the fatty acid produced by the method of the present invention may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, preferably an unsaturated fatty acid, and more preferably monovalent, divalent, trivalent or It is a tetravalent unsaturated fatty acid.
- the composition of the lipid produced by the method of the present invention and the fatty acid contained in the lipid can be confirmed by the above-described lipid extraction method, fatty acid separation method, or a combination thereof.
- the lipid or fatty acid composition obtained by the production method of the present invention may be used in accordance with a conventional method, for example, for uses such as production of foods and oils containing fats and oils, industrial raw materials (raw materials such as cosmetics and soaps). it can.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like using the transformed lipid-producing bacterium or the transformed yeast of the present invention.
- This method includes the step of producing lipids or fatty acids using the transformed lipid-producing bacterium or transformed yeast of the present invention.
- Preparation of foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps, and the like containing the produced lipids or fatty acids is according to a conventional method.
- foodstuffs, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like produced by the production method of the present invention contain lipids or fatty acids produced using the transformed lipid-producing bacterium or transformed yeast of the present invention.
- the present invention further provides foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like produced by such methods.
- the dosage form of the cosmetic (composition) or pharmaceutical product (composition) of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be any dosage form such as a solution, paste, gel, solid, or powder.
- the cosmetic composition or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention includes oil, lotion, cream, emulsion, gel, shampoo, hair rinse, hair conditioner, enamel, foundation, lipstick, funny, pack, ointment, perfume, powder, eau de cologne.
- skin external preparations such as toothpaste, soap, aerosol, cleansing foam, etc., skin aging prevention improving agent, skin inflammation prevention improving agent, bath preparation, hair nourishing agent, skin beauty liquid, sunscreen agent or trauma, scuffing, It can be used as an agent for improving and preventing rough skin caused by cracks.
- the cosmetic composition of the present invention may further contain other fats and oils and / or dyes, fragrances, preservatives, surfactants, pigments, antioxidants and the like as necessary. These blending ratios can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the purpose (for example, fats and oils in the composition are 1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably 5 to 99.99% by weight, more preferably 10 to 99.95). % May be contained).
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further contain other pharmaceutically active ingredients (for example, anti-inflammatory ingredients) or auxiliary ingredients (for example, lubricating ingredients, carrier ingredients) as necessary.
- other commonly used ingredients in cosmetics or topical skin preparations include acne agents, anti-dandruff / itching agents, antiperspirant deodorants, burn agents, anti-ticks / lice agents, keratin softeners, dry skin agents , Antiviral agents, transdermal absorption enhancers and the like.
- Examples of the food of the present invention include dietary supplements, health foods, functional foods, infant foods, infant formulas, premature infant formulas, and elderly foods.
- food is a generic term for solids, fluids, liquids, and mixtures thereof that can be consumed.
- Nutritional supplements refer to foods that are enriched with specific nutritional components. Healthy food means food that is considered healthy or healthy, and includes nutritional supplements, natural foods, diet foods, and the like.
- Functional food means food for supplementing nutritional components that fulfill the body's regulatory functions, and is synonymous with food for specified health use.
- Infant food is food that is given to children up to about 6 years of age.
- the food for the elderly refers to food that has been processed so that it can be easily digested and absorbed as compared to untreated food.
- Infant formula refers to formula for feeding to children up to about 1 year old.
- Premature infant formula refers to formula that is given to premature infants until they are about 6 months old.
- Examples of forms of these foods include natural foods such as meat, fish, nuts (treated with oils and fats), foods to which fats and oils are added when cooking Chinese food, ramen, soups, tempura, fries, fried rice, fried rice, Foods using fats and oils as heat medium such as donuts, sugar sugar, butters, margarines, mayonnaise, dressings, chocolates, instant ramen, caramels, biscuits, cookies, cakes, ice creams, etc. or processed foods with added fats during processing Examples include foods that are sprayed or coated with fats and oils during processing finishes such as oysters, hard biscuits and bread rolls. However, it is not limited to foods containing fats and oils.
- the food of the present invention is also in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation such as a capsule, or a natural liquid food or semi-digested nutritional food in which the fats and oils of the present invention are blended with proteins, sugars, fats, trace elements, vitamins, emulsifiers, fragrances, etc. , And processed forms such as component nutrient foods, drinks, enteral nutrients, and the like.
- lipids in particular, triacylglycerol can be efficiently produced by expressing the fatty acid chain length extension promoting gene of the present invention in a host cell. Furthermore, using the expression level of the gene as an index, it can also be used for examination of culture conditions, culture management, etc. for efficient production of lipids, particularly triacylglycerol.
- Genome analysis of Mortierella alpina M. alpina 1S-4 strain was inoculated into 100 ml of GY2: 1 medium (2% glucose, 1% yeast extract pH 6.0) and cultured with shaking at 28 ° C. for 2 days. The cells were collected by filtration, and genomic DNA was prepared using DNeasy (QIAGEN). The base sequence of the genomic DNA was determined using Roche 454 GS FLX Standard. At that time, the base sequence of the fragment library was determined for 2 runs, and the base sequence of the mate pair library was determined for 3 runs. By assembling the obtained base sequences, 300 Super Contigs were obtained.
- alpina 1S-4 strain was inoculated into 100 ml medium (1.8% glucose, 1% yeast extract, pH 6.0) and pre-cultured at 28 ° C. for 3 days.
- 5L medium (1.8% glucose, 1% soybean flour, 0.1% olive oil, 0.01% adecanol, 0.3% KH 2 PO 4 , 0.1% Na 2 SO 4 , 0.05% CaCl 2 in a 10 L culture tank (Able Co., Tokyo) 2H 2 O, 0.05% MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, pH 6.0) was added, the entire preculture was inoculated, and cultured with aeration and agitation for 8 days under the conditions of 300 rpm, 1 vvm, and 26 ° C. On days 1, 2 and 3 of culture, 2%, 2% and 1.5% equivalent glucose was added.
- Poly (A) + RNA was purified from total RNA using Oligotex-dT30 ⁇ Super> mRNA Purification Kit (Takara Bio Inc.).
- a cDNA library for each stage was prepared using the ZAP-cDNA GigapackIII Gold Cloning Kit (STRATAGENE).
- a homologue of ScAYR1 (YIL124W), a gene responsible for 1-acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity and ⁇ -ketoacyl reductase activity in yeast, was examined from the genome database. As a result, a super contig containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 was hit. The gene according to SEQ ID NO: 4 was named MaADR1.
- Bam-ADR-F 5'-GGATCCATGGCCTCGTCTAAAAAGATCGTCCT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5)
- Sal-ADR-R 5'-GTCGACTACTTTCCAACGACCTTGCCATCC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- PCR amplification with primers Bam-ADR-F, Sal-ADR-R, and KOD-Plus (TOYOBO) using the cDNA of M. alpina 1S-4 as a template resulted in the amplification of a DNA fragment of approximately 0.87 kb. .
- pCR-MaADR1 This was cloned using Zero Blunt TOPO PCR cloning kit (Invitrogen), and the resulting plasmid was designated as pCR-MaADR1.
- the insert sequence of this plasmid that is, the CDS sequence of the MaADR1 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the ORF sequence of the MaADR1 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparison of amino acid sequences of MaADR1, a putative protein derived from Volvox carterif. Nagariensis (green algae) (GENEBANK accession No.XP_002946364) and AYR1p derived from S. cerevisiae.
- the transformed strain is SC-Trp (per liter, Yeast nitrogen base w / o amino acids (DIFCO) 6.7 g, glucose 20 g, amino acid powder (adenine sulfate 1.25 g, arginine 0.6 g, aspartic acid 3 g, glutamic acid 3g, histidine 0.6g, leucine 1.8g, lysine 0.9g, methionine 0.6g, phenylalanine 1.5g, serine 11.25g, tyrosine 0.9g, valine 4.5g, threonine 6g, uracil 0.6g Mixed) 1.3 g) Selected for growth on agar medium (2% agar).
- DIFCO Yeast nitrogen base w / o amino acids
- any 4 strains obtained by transformation using yeast culture plasmid pYE22m and any 4 strains obtained by transformation using plasmid pYE-MaADR1 were subjected to the following culture experiment.
- 10 ml of SC-Trp medium was inoculated with 1 platinum ear of yeast from a plate and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 1 day.
- 100 ⁇ l of the preculture solution was added to 10 ml of SC-Trp medium, followed by shaking culture at 30 ° C. for 2 days.
- the bacterial cells were recovered by centrifuging the culture solution of the fatty acid analysis yeast of the bacterial cells. The cells were washed with 10 ml of sterilized water, and the cells were collected again by centrifugation and lyophilized. To the lyophilized cells, 1 ml of chloroform: methanol (2: 1) and glass beads were added, the cells were crushed with a bead beater, and centrifuged to collect the supernatant. 1 ml of chloroform: methanol (2: 1) was further added to the remaining cells, and the supernatant was collected in the same manner, and lipids were collected with a total amount of 4 ml of chloroform: methanol (2: 1). The solvent was distilled off using a speedback.
- the sample was dissolved in 1 ml chloroform. Of this sample, 200 ⁇ l was taken, fatty acid was induced to methyl ester by the hydrochloric acid methanol method, and fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography to determine the composition of total fatty acids in the cells.
- the triacylglycerol (TG) fraction and the phospholipid (PL) fraction were each scraped and collected in a test tube, the fatty acid was derived into a methyl ester by the hydrochloric acid methanol method, and the fatty acid was analyzed by gas chromatography.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol fraction and the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction.
- the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol fraction in the strain that highly expressed MaADR1, the C18 fatty acid ratio increased and the C16 fatty acid ratio decreased compared to the control.
- the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction looking at the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction, the fatty acid composition ratios of the strain that highly expressed MaADR1 and the control strain were almost the same. That is, when MaADR1 was highly expressed in yeast, the composition of fatty acids constituting triacylglycerol was changed so that the proportion of longer chain fatty acids increased.
- a long-chain fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms and triacylglycerol containing the same can be efficiently produced.
- the fatty acids produced in the host cells according to the present invention can be used for the production of foods, cosmetics, medicines, soaps and the like.
- Sequence number 5 Synthetic DNA Sequence number 6: Synthetic DNA
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Abstract
Description
上記(i)~(iv)の反応は、それぞれ(i)3-ケトアシル-CoAシンターゼ、(ii)β-ケトアシルレダクターゼ、(iii)3-ヒドロキシアシル-CoAデヒドロゲナーゼ、(iv)エノイル-CoAレダクターゼの酵素が媒介することが知られている(非特許文献1)。
これらの酵素のうち、縮合反応を担う3-ケトアシル-CoAシンターゼは、基質となる脂肪酸に対し特異性を示すことが知られており、種々の生物から、様々な特異性を持つ酵素がクローン化されている。
特に、真菌類で最もよく研究されている酵母では、脂肪酸鎖長延長反応の四段階の反応全てにおいて、各反応を担う酵素とそれをコードする遺伝子が明らかになっている。
例えば、酵母においてβ-ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性を担う酵素をコードする遺伝子としてIFA38とAYR1の2つが知られており、さらに、これらを同時に欠失させると致死であることも知られている(非特許文献2)。また、AYR1遺伝子は、1-アシルジヒドロキシアセトンホスフェートレダクターゼ活性を有することも知られている。(非特許文献3)
これに対し、脂質生産菌であるモルティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina (M. alpina))では、脂肪酸鎖長延長に関わる最初の反応を担う3-ケトアシル-CoA シンターゼ(いわゆる鎖長延長酵素)遺伝子(MALCE1(ELO3)、MALCE2、GLELO、MAELO)が知られているが(特許文献1)、3-ケトアシル-CoA シンターゼ以外の酵素の遺伝子は知られていない。
[1] 以下の(a)~(e)よりなる群より選ばれるいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチド:
(a)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列を含有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列において、1~100個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入、及び/又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して、60%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;及び
(e)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドであって、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[2] 以下の(f)又は(g)のいずれかである上記[1]に記載のポリヌクレオチド:
(f)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列において1~10個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入及び/又は付加したアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;及び
(g)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して、75%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[3] 配列番号1又は4の塩基配列を含有する、上記[1]に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
[4] 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする、上記[1]に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
[5] DNAである、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチド。
[6] 上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドにコードされるタンパク質。
[7] 上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドを含有するベクター。
[8] 上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドが導入された非ヒト形質転換体。
[9] 上記[7]に記載のベクターが導入された非ヒト形質転換体。
[10] 前記形質転換体が脂質生産菌である、上記[8]又は[9]に記載の形質転換体。
[11] 前記脂質生産菌が、モルティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina)である、上記[10]に記載の形質転換体。
[12] 上記[8]~[11]のいずれかに記載の形質転換体の培養物から、脂質又は脂肪酸組成物を採取することを特徴とする、脂質又は脂肪酸組成物の製造方法。
[13] 前記脂質が、トリアシルグリセロールである、上記[12]に記載の方法。
[14] 前記脂肪酸が、炭素数18以上のものである、上記[12]に記載の方法。
[15] 上記[12]に記載の製造方法により採取された脂質又は脂肪酸組成物を含有する食品、医薬品、化粧品又は石鹸。
なお、本明細書において引用した全ての文献、および公開公報、特許公報その他の特許文献は、参照として本明細書に組み込むものとする。また、本明細書は、2011年8月4日に出願された本願優先権主張の基礎となる日本国特許出願(特願2011-171044号)の明細書及び図面に記載の内容を包含する。
まず、本発明は、以下の(a)~(e)よりなる群より選ばれるいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドを提供する。
(a)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列を含有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列において、1~100個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入、及び/又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して、60%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;及び
(e)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドであって、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド
本明細書中、「ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド」とは、例えば、配列番号1又は4の塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド、又は配列番号2のアミノ酸配列をコードする塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドの全部又は一部をプローブとして、コロニーハイブリダイゼーション法、プラークハイブリダイゼーション法又はサザンハイブリダイゼーション法などを用いることにより得られるポリヌクレオチドをいう。ハイブリダイゼーションの方法としては、例えば、"Sambrook & Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press 2001"及び"Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons 1987-1997"などに記載されている方法を利用することができる。
本発明は、次の(i)~(iv)に示すタンパク質を提供する。
(i)上記(a)~(e)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドにコードされるタンパク質
(ii)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質
(iii)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列における1若しくは複数個のアミノ酸が、欠失、置換、挿入、及び/又は付加されたアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質
(iv)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して75%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質
具体的には、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質を、上記の適切な宿主細胞で発現させた場合、発現させていない同種細胞と比べて、(i)炭素数16の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数18の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(ii)炭素数17の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数19の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(iii)炭素数18の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数20の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(iv)炭素数20の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数22の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(v)炭素数22の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数24の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(vi)炭素数24の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数26の脂肪酸量が増加するか、(vii)炭素数26の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数28の脂肪酸量が増加するか、あるいは(viii)炭素数28の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数30の脂肪酸量が増加する。
なお、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性は、Han, G. et al., (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35440-35449に記載の方法に従って測定することができる。
また、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を確認する方法としては、酵母、脂質生産菌及び植物細胞等の適切な宿主細胞を用いた実験が挙げられる。本発明のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチドを宿主細胞内で発現させた場合に、より鎖長の長い脂肪酸の生成量が増加すれば、そのポリヌクレオチドにコードされるタンパク質又はペプチドは脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するということができる。本発明者らは、実施例において、酵母細胞内で本発明のタンパク質を発現させ、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて、当該酵母細胞に含まれる脂肪酸組成を分析したところ、炭素数16の脂肪酸量が減少し、炭素数18の脂肪酸量が増大したことを確認している。
酵母は、炭素数18までの脂肪酸しか合成することができないため、実施例では炭素数18の脂肪酸の量が増加していたが、炭素数が18よりも多い脂肪酸、例えば、炭素数19又は20の脂肪酸を合成可能な細胞(例えば、モルティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina))を宿主として用いた場合、その宿主細胞が合成しうる脂肪酸のうち、より炭素数の多い脂肪酸(例えば、最も炭素数の多い脂肪酸)(例えば、モルティエレラ・アルピナであれば、炭素数20の脂肪酸)の量が増加するものと考えられる。
また、本発明のタンパク質により鎖長延長される脂肪酸は、飽和脂肪酸又は不飽和脂肪酸のいずれであってもよいが、好ましくは、不飽和脂肪酸であり、さらに好ましくは、1価、2価、3価又は4価の不飽和脂肪酸である。
本発明のタンパク質は、酵母由来のAYR1タンパク質のホモログタンパク質であることから、AYR1と同様に、β‐ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性を有するものと考えられる。酵母では、β‐ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性を有する遺伝子として、AYR1のほかにIFA38が知られており、これら2つを同時に破壊すると致死であることが知られている(Han, G. et al., (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35440-35449)。本発明のタンパク質が、β‐ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性を有するかどうかは、AYR1遺伝子およびIFA38遺伝子を破壊した酵母株において、本発明のタンパク質を発現させれば同株が生育できること、あるいは、β‐ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性が補填され得るかどうかを調べることにより、確認することができる。
本発明はまた、別の実施形態において、本発明のポリヌクレオチドを含有する発現ベクターを提供する。
本発明のベクターは、通常、
(i)宿主細胞内で転写可能なプロモーター;
(ii)該プロモーターに結合した、上記(a)~(g)のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチド;及び
(iii)RNA分子の転写終結及びポリアデニル化に関し、宿主細胞内で機能するシグナルを構成要素として含む発現カセット
を含むように構成される。
このように構築されるベクターは、宿主細胞に導入される。本発明において使用される適切な宿主細胞の例としては、脂質生産菌、酵母等が挙げられる。
脂質生産菌に導入する際に用いるベクターとしては、例えば、pDura5(Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65, 419-425, (2004))が利用可能であるが、これに限定されない。
形質転換の際に用いる選択マーカーとしては、栄養要求性マーカー(ura5、niaD、trp1)、薬剤耐性マーカー(hygromycine、ゼオシン)、ジェネチシン耐性遺伝子(G418r)、銅耐性遺伝子(CUP1)(Marin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 337 1984)、セルレニン耐性遺伝子(fas2m, PDR4)(それぞれ猪腰淳嗣ら, 生化学, 64, 660, 1992; Hussain et al., gene, 101, 149, 1991)等が利用可能である。
本発明はまた、別の実施形態において、上記の形質転換脂質生産菌又は酵母を用いる脂質又は脂肪酸組成物の製造方法を提供する。
本明細書中、「脂質」とは、脂肪酸とアルコールとがエステル結合した化合物(例えば、グリセリド)又はその類似体(例えば、コレステロールエステル)等を含む単純脂質、単純脂質の一部にさらにリン酸、アミノ酸、糖等が結合した複合脂質、及び脂質の加水分解物で水に溶けない誘導脂質をいうものとする。
本明細書中、「油脂」とは、グリセロールと脂肪酸のエステル(グリセリド)のことをいう。
本明細書中、「脂肪酸」とは、一般式RCOOH(Rはアルキル基)で表される脂肪族モノカルボン酸(カルボキシル基を一個有し、炭素原子が鎖状に連結したカルボン酸)のことをいう。脂肪酸には、炭化水素鎖中に二重結合を有さない飽和脂肪酸と、二重結合を含む不飽和脂肪酸とが含まれる。
また、本発明の方法により製造される脂肪酸は、好ましくは、炭素数18以上の脂肪酸であり、更に好ましくは、トリアシルグリセロールに含有される炭素数18以上の脂肪酸である。
炭素数18以上の脂肪酸の例としては、ステアリン酸(18:0)、オレイン酸(
18:1(9))、バクセン酸(18:1(11))、リノール酸(18:2(9,12))、α-リノレン酸(18:3(9,12,15))、γ-リノレン酸(18:3(6,9,12))、エレオステアリン酸(18:3(9,11,13))、アラキジン酸(20:0)、エイコセン酸(20:1Δ11)、8,11-エイコサジエン酸(20:2(8,11))、5,8,11-エイコサトリエン酸(20:3(5,8,11))、アラキドン酸(20:4(5,8,11,14))、ベヘン酸(22:0)、リグノセリン酸(24:0)、ネルボン酸(24:1)、セロチン酸(26:0)、モンタン酸(28:0)及びメリシン酸(30:0)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
また、本発明の方法により製造される脂肪酸は、飽和脂肪酸又は不飽和脂肪酸のいずれであってもよいが、好ましくは、不飽和脂肪酸であり、さらに好ましくは、1価、2価、3価又は4価の不飽和脂肪酸である。
なお、本発明の方法により生成される脂質及び該脂質に含まれる脂肪酸の組成は、上記の脂質の抽出方法、脂肪酸の分離方法又はそれらの組合せによって確認することができる。
栄養補助食品とは、特定の栄養成分が強化されている食品をいう。健康食品とは、健康的な又は健康によいとされる食品をいい、栄養補助食品、自然食品、ダイエット食品等を含む。機能性食品とは、体の調節機能を果たす栄養成分を補給するための食品をいい、特定保健用食品と同義である。幼児用食品とは、約6歳までの子供に与えるための食品をいう。老人用食品とは、無処理の食品と比較して消化及び吸収が容易であるように処理された食品をいう。乳児用調製乳とは、約1歳までの子供に与えるための調製乳をいう。未熟児用調製乳とは、未熟児が生後約6ヶ月になるまで与えるための調製乳をいう。
さらに、当該遺伝子の発現量を指標にして、脂質、特に、トリアシルグリセロール生産を効率よく行うための培養条件の検討、培養管理、等にも利用できる。
M. alpina 1S-4株を100mlのGY2:1培地(2%グルコース、1%酵母エキス pH6.0)に植菌し、28℃で2日間振とう培養した。濾過により菌体を集菌し、DNeasy (QIAGEN) を用いてゲノムDNAを調製した。上記ゲノムDNAの塩基配列を、 Roche 454 GS FLX Standard を用いて決定した。その際、フラグメントライブラリーの塩基配列決定を2ラン分、メイトペアライブラリーの塩基配列決定を3ラン分行った。得られた塩基配列をアッセンブリすることにより、300個のSuper Contigが得られた。
M. alpina 1S-4株を100mlの培地(1.8%グルコース、1%酵母エキス、pH6.0)に植菌し、3日間28℃で前培養した。10L培養槽(Able Co.,東京)に5Lの培地(1.8%グルコース、1%大豆粉、0.1%オリーブ油、0.01%アデカノール、0.3%KH2PO4、0.1% Na2SO4、0.05% CaCl2・2H2O、0.05% MgCl2・6H2O、pH6.0)を入れ、前培養物を全量植菌し、300rpm、1vvm、26℃の条件で8日間通気攪拌培養した。培養1、2、及び3日目に各々2%、2%、及び1.5%相当のグルコースを添加した。培養1、2、3、6、及び8日目の各ステージに菌体を回収し、塩酸グアニジン/CsCl法でtotal RNAを調製した。Oligotex-dT30 <Super> mRNA Purification Kit(Takara Bio Inc.)を用いて、total RNAからpoly(A)+RNAの精製を行った。各ステージのcDNAライブラリーを、ZAP-cDNA GigapackIII Gold Cloning Kit (STRATAGENE) を用いて作製した。
酵母の1-アシル ジヒドロキシアセトンホスフェートレダクターゼ活性およびβ-ケトアシルレダクターゼ活性を担う遺伝子であるScAYR1(YIL124W)のホモログをゲノムデータベースより検討した。その結果、配列番号4の配列を含むスーパーコンティグがヒットした。配列番号4に係る遺伝子をMaADR1と命名した。
MaADR1遺伝子のcDNAをクローン化するため、開始コドンや終止コドンの存在、ホモログとの配列比較から、配列番号4の1-3番目のATGが開始コドン、1587‐1589番目が、終止コドンと推定された。そこで、以下のプライマーを合成した。
Bam-ADR-F: 5’-GGATCCATGGCCTCGTCTAAAAAGATCGTCCT-3’(配列番号5)
Sal-ADR-R: 5’-GTCGACTACTTTCCAACGACCTTGCCATCC-3’(配列番号6)
M. alpina 1S-4株のcDNAを鋳型として、プライマーBam-ADR-FとSal-ADR-R、KOD-Plus(TOYOBO)によりPCR増幅を行ったところ、約0.87kbのDNA断片が増幅された。これをZero Blunt TOPO PCRクローニングキット(Invitrogen)を用いてクローン化し、得られたプラスミドをpCR-MaADR1とした。このプラスミドのインサートの配列、すなわち、MaADR1遺伝子のCDS配列を配列番号3に示す。さらに、MaADR1遺伝子のORF配列を配列番号1に示す。
MaADR1遺伝子のゲノム配列(配列番号4)とCDS配列(配列番号3)を比較したところ、本遺伝子のゲノム配列は、エクソン5つ、イントロン4つからなり(図1)、242個のアミノ酸残基からなるタンパク質をコードしていると推定される(図2)。
MaADR1の推定アミノ酸配列(配列番号2)をGENEBANK nrに登録されているアミノ酸配列に対してBLASTpにて相同性解析を行った。その結果、この配列に対して最もE-valueの低かったアミノ酸配列、すなわち同一性の高かったアミノ酸配列は、Volvox carterif. nagariensis(緑藻類)由来の推定タンパク質(GENEBANK accession No.XP_002946364)であり、アミノ酸配列の同一性は、34.7%であった。また、MaADR1の推定アミノ酸配列は、酵母S. cerevisiae由来のAYR1pのアミノ酸配列とは25.6%、IFA38のアミノ酸配列とは13.6%の同一性を示した。
MaADR1、Volvox carterif. nagariensis(緑藻類)由来の推定タンパク質(GENEBANK accession No.XP_002946364)及びS. cerevisiae由来のAYR1pの各アミノ酸配列の比較を図3に示す。
酵母用発現ベクターの構築
酵母発現用ベクターpYE22m(Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 59, 1221-1228, 1995)を制限酵素BamHIとSalIで消化したDNA断片と、プラスミドpCR-MaADR1を制限酵素BamHIとSalIで消化して得られた約0.87KbpのDNA断片をligation high(TOYOBO)で連結し、プラスミドpYE-MaADR1を構築した。
プラスミドpYE22m、pYE-MaADR1をそれぞれ用いて酢酸リチウム法により、酵母S. cerevisiae EH13-15株(trp1,MATα)(Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30, 515-520, 1989)を形質転換した。形質転換株は、SC-Trp(1lあたり、Yeast nitrogen base w/o amino acids(DIFCO)6.7g、グルコース20g、アミノ酸パウダー(アデニン硫酸塩1.25g、アルギニン0.6g、アスパラギン酸3g、グルタミン酸3g、ヒスチジン0.6g、ロイシン1.8g、リジン0.9g、メチオニン0.6g、フェニルアラニン1.5g、セリン11.25g、チロシン0.9g、バリン4.5g、スレオニン6g、ウラシル0.6gを混合したもの)1.3g)寒天培地(2%アガー)上で生育するものとして選抜した。
プラスミドpYE22mを用いて形質転換して得られた任意の4株と、プラスミドpYE-MaADR1を用いて形質転換して得られた任意の4株を、以下の培養実験に供した。前培養として、SC-Trp培地10mlに酵母をプレートから1白金耳植菌し、30℃で1日間振とう培養を行った。本培養は、SC-Trp培地10mlに前培養液を100μl添加し、30℃で2日間振とう培養を行った。
酵母の培養液を遠心分離することにより、菌体を回収した。10mlの滅菌水で洗浄し、遠心分離により再び菌体を回収し、凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥菌体に、1mlのクロロホルム:メタノール(2:1)とガラスビーズを加え、ビーズビーターにて菌体を破砕したあと、遠心分離して上清を回収した。残った菌体にさらに1mlのクロロホルム:メタノール(2:1)を加え、同様にして、上清を回収することを繰り返し、総量4mlのクロロホルム:メタノール(2:1)で脂質を回収した。スピードバックを使って、溶媒を留去した。試料を1mlのクロロホルムに溶解した。
この試料のうち、200μlを取り、塩酸メタノール法により脂肪酸をメチルエステルに誘導し、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより、脂肪酸分析を行い、菌体内の総脂肪酸の組成を求めた。
すなわち、MaADR1を酵母で高発現させた場合、トリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸の組成がより長鎖の脂肪酸の比率が高まるように変化した。
配列番号6:合成DNA
Claims (15)
- 以下の(a)~(e)よりなる群より選ばれるいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチド:
(a)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列を含有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列において、1~100個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入、及び/又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して、60%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ
脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;及び
(e)配列番号1又は4の塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドであって、脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。 - 以下の(f)又は(g)のいずれかである請求項1に記載のポリヌクレオチド:
(f)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列において1~10個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入及び/又は付加したアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;及び
(g)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して、75%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。 - 配列番号1又は4の塩基配列を含有する、請求項1に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする、請求項1に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- DNAである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドにコードされるタンパク質。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドを含有するベクター。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリヌクレオチドが導入された非ヒト形質転換体。
- 請求項7に記載のベクターが導入された非ヒト形質転換体。
- 前記形質転換体が脂質生産菌である、請求項8又は9に記載の形質転換体。
- 前記脂質生産菌が、モルティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina)である、請求項10に記載の形質転換体。
- 請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の形質転換体の培養物から、脂質又は脂肪酸組成物を採取することを特徴とする、脂質又は脂肪酸組成物の製造方法。
- 前記脂質が、トリアシルグリセロールである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪酸が、炭素数18以上のものである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 請求項12に記載の製造方法により採取された脂質又は脂肪酸組成物を含有する食品、医薬品、化粧品又は石鹸。
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RU2014107735/10A RU2556375C1 (ru) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Белок, обладающий активностью в отношении стимуляции элонгации цепей жирных кислот, кодирующий его ген и их применение |
CA2843552A CA2843552A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein having activity to promote fatty acid chain elongation, gene encoding the same and use thereof |
EP12820631.5A EP2740797B1 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein exhibiting fatty acid elongation promoting activity, gene encoding same and use thereof |
DK12820631.5T DK2740797T3 (da) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein med aktivitet til at fremme fedtsyreforlængelse, derfor kodende gen samt anvendelse deraf |
BR112014002418A BR112014002418A2 (pt) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | proteína tendo atividade para promover alongamento da cadeia de ácido graxo, gene que codifica a mesma e seu uso |
US14/235,144 US8980591B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein having activity to promote fatty acid chain elongation, gene encoding same and use thereof |
CN201280037947.9A CN103717736B (zh) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | 具有脂肪酸链延长促进活性的蛋白质、编码该蛋白质的基因及其用途 |
CA2853849A CA2853849C (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein exhibiting fatty acid elongation promoting activity, gene encoding same and use thereof |
AU2012290942A AU2012290942B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | Protein exhibiting fatty acid elongation promoting activity, gene encoding same and use thereof |
JP2013526962A JP5632085B2 (ja) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | 脂肪酸鎖長延長促進活性を有するタンパク質、これをコードする遺伝子及びその用途 |
KR1020137029958A KR101437308B1 (ko) | 2011-08-04 | 2012-08-03 | 지방산 쇄 길이 연장 촉진 활성을 갖는 단백질, 이것을 코드하는 유전자 및 그 용도 |
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EP (1) | EP2740797B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5632085B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101437308B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103717736B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012290942B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014002418A2 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2853849C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2740797T3 (ja) |
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KR20150040359A (ko) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-04-14 | 오피엑스 바이오테크놀로지스, 인크. | 지방산 및 지방산 유도된 산물의 생산을 위한 미생물 및 방법 |
US20150057465A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-02-26 | Opx Biotechnologies, Inc. | Control of growth-induction-production phases |
US10337038B2 (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2019-07-02 | Cargill, Incorporated | Microorganisms and methods for the production of fatty acids and fatty acid derived products |
US11408013B2 (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2022-08-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Microorganisms and methods for the production of fatty acids and fatty acid derived products |
EP2993228B1 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2019-10-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Production of fatty acid esters |
WO2017073716A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Aobgl3ホモログを用いたステビオール配糖体およびステビオールの製造方法 |
US11345938B2 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2022-05-31 | Cargill, Incorporated | Genetically modified cells that produce C6-C10 fatty acid derivatives |
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JP2005287403A (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Suntory Ltd | 脂質生産菌の育種方法およびその利用 |
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US20030163845A1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2003-08-28 | Pradip Mukerji | Elongase genes and uses thereof |
WO2005083101A1 (ja) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-09 | Suntory Limited | 長鎖高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成要素として含むリン脂質の製造方法、およびその利用 |
US7470532B2 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2008-12-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Mortierella alpina C16/18 fatty acid elongase |
JP5227302B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2013-07-03 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | Pufaポリケチドシンターゼ系を用いた異種生物における多価不飽和脂肪酸の生産方法 |
US7695950B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2010-04-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Δ5 desaturase and its use in making polyunsaturated fatty acids |
BR122021003835B1 (pt) * | 2008-11-18 | 2022-02-08 | Grains Research And Development Corporation | Polinucleotídeo isolado e/ou exógeno que não ocorre de forma natural, vetor compreendendo o referido polinucleotídeo e método de produção de óleo contendo ácidos graxos insaturados |
KR101438981B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-21 | 2014-09-11 | 산토리 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 디아실글리세롤아실기 전이 효소 유전자 및 그 용도 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DK2740797T3 (da) | 2017-02-20 |
CN103717736B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
CA2853849A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
CN103717736A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
BR112014002418A2 (pt) | 2017-03-14 |
CA2853849C (en) | 2015-10-13 |
AU2012290942A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
EP2740797B1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
EP2740797A4 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
RU2556375C1 (ru) | 2015-07-10 |
KR20140041483A (ko) | 2014-04-04 |
US8980591B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
CA2843552A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
US20140242648A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
JP5632085B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
JPWO2013018879A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
EP2740797A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
KR101437308B1 (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
AU2012290942B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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