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WO2012142891A1 - 一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012142891A1
WO2012142891A1 PCT/CN2012/072450 CN2012072450W WO2012142891A1 WO 2012142891 A1 WO2012142891 A1 WO 2012142891A1 CN 2012072450 W CN2012072450 W CN 2012072450W WO 2012142891 A1 WO2012142891 A1 WO 2012142891A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
drilling fluid
drilling
drill string
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/072450
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
管志川
刘永旺
魏文忠
管奔
史玉才
张洪宁
Original Assignee
中国石油大学(华东)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110101056.2A external-priority patent/CN102182411B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201110171384 external-priority patent/CN102383735B/zh
Application filed by 中国石油大学(华东) filed Critical 中国石油大学(华东)
Priority to CA2816465A priority Critical patent/CA2816465C/en
Priority to US13/882,982 priority patent/US9540881B2/en
Priority to RU2013127769/03A priority patent/RU2550628C2/ru
Priority to EP12774000.9A priority patent/EP2623707B1/en
Publication of WO2012142891A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012142891A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, in particular to a method and system for improving drilling speed by using drill string vibration.
  • the main advantage of the method of installing special tools for improving the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid is that it can achieve the purpose of super high pressure jet directly or assisting rock breaking to increase the drilling speed without changing the existing drilling process and equipment conditions.
  • how to improve the injection pressure of drilling fluid at the bottom of the well and how to achieve effective injection of ultra-high pressure drilling fluid has been an attempt by drilling engineers and technical inventors.
  • the existing methods for increasing the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid are all from the pressure energy carried by the drilling fluid itself. The process is to transfer the energy of most of the drilling fluid to a small part of the well through the design of special tools. liquid.
  • the method implementation process and the application process face the following problems:
  • the special tool structure designed according to this method is complicated, which makes it difficult to guarantee the life and safety of working in the well. 2As the depth of the well increases, the cyclic pressure consumption increases, the drilling hydraulic energy decreases, and the drilling fluid injection at the bottom of the well is improved. The effect of pressure will be affected; 3 Increasing the impact caused by the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well and the natural vibration of the drill string may cause coupling, affecting the working life of the drill bit and the drill; 4
  • the special tool designed according to this method works normally. When a certain pressure drop occurs, the working load of the circulation system is increased, and some normal functions of the drilling fluid may be affected; All drilling fluids participate in the energy transfer process.
  • the drill bit used for the bottom hole injection of ultra-high pressure drilling fluid needs special production.
  • the promotion and application of different strata; 2 there is the possibility that the flow passages cannot be connected at the same time during the installation process, because the super-high pressure fluid overflow pipeline has no pressure and tension device, and the tool loading and unloading process for improving the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well
  • the connection process may cause damage to the connection between the ultra-high pressure flow passage and the bit body, and increase the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well.
  • the torque on the ultra-high pressure flow path acts on the connection portion with the bit body, which is likely to cause damage to the portion. Therefore, despite the painstaking efforts and intensive research by the researchers, the above methods for increasing the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid and the methods and tools for realizing the effective injection of the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid have not been promoted and applied in the field of increasing the drilling speed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system and method for improving the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid by using the vibration of the drill string to increase the drilling speed.
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides a system for improving drilling speed by using drill string vibration, including:
  • the downhole drill string damping boosting device includes a high pressure flow passage
  • the underground supercharger uses an ultrahigh pressure drill bit device including an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid transmission a flow passage
  • the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid transport flow path includes an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow passage, a high pressure resistant hose and a high pressure resistant hard pipe;
  • the high pressure flow passage is connected with the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow passage;
  • the high pressure resistant hose One end is connected to the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid flow channel;
  • the other end of the high-pressure resistant hose is connected with a high-pressure resistant hard pipe, and the other end of the high-pressure resistant hard pipe is connected to the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid nozzle.
  • the downhole drill string damping boosting device further comprises: an upper conversion joint, a spring upper sealing joint, a spring outer cylinder, a spring, a spring lower sealing joint, a central shaft, a spline outer cylinder, a piston shaft, a lock nut , inlet check valve, seal assembly, booster cylinder, booster cylinder centering cylinder, booster cylinder outer cylinder, outlet check valve, lower adapter, upper adapter and spring plugging joint, central shaft, piston shaft It is integrated with the inlet check valve.
  • the central shaft is matched with the spline outer cylinder. It can be used to transmit torque and allow the central shaft to move up and down.
  • the central shaft is screwed to the piston shaft and locked by a locking nut.
  • the spring outer cylinder The spring under plugging joint, the spline outer cylinder, the supercharged cylinder outer cylinder and the lower conversion joint are integrally connected, the spring outer cylinder is provided with a spring, the boosting cylinder is fixed in the booster cylinder centralizing cylinder, and the boosting cylinder centralizing cylinder It is located in the outer cylinder of the booster cylinder.
  • the side of the booster cylinder that is in contact with the piston shaft is provided with a seal assembly.
  • the other side of the booster cylinder is provided with an outlet check valve, and the outlet check valve is connected to the high pressure runner.
  • the ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for the downhole turbocharger further comprises: a common drilling fluid transmission channel, wherein the common drilling fluid transmission channel is formed by a through hole of the righting overcurrent structure, an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel and a conversion joint.
  • the annular space between the holes, the overflow hole of the split type centralizer, the annular space between the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path and the inner cavity of the bit body constitute a communication flow path.
  • the drill bit body is provided with a drilling fluid flow path leading to the nozzle, a high pressure resistant hard pipe is installed in one of the drilling fluid flow channels, and a hard pipe limit sleeve is attached to the external high pressure resistant hard pipe, and the ultrahigh pressure drilling is further installed.
  • the liquid nozzle; the outer end of the bit body is connected with the female buckle of the conversion joint, and the inner hole of the male buckle end of the conversion joint is provided with a righting overcurrent structure, and is matched with the small hole limit nut and the large hole limit nut for receiving
  • the small hole limiting nut is installed on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel, and the lower surface thereof is in contact with the upper surface of the righting overcurrent structure, and is used for receiving the sealing assembly when the downhole supercharging device is connected with the system. Axial pressure generated on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path.
  • the large hole limit nut is installed on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel, and the upper surface thereof is in contact with the lower surface of the righting overcurrent structure for receiving the underground supercharger and the sealing assembly for the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid when the system is disassembled
  • the axial tension generated by the flow path is generated by the flow path.
  • the connecting joint of the conversion joint and the bit body is provided with a split type centralizer for realizing the overcurrent of the centering and atmospheric drilling fluid of the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path.
  • the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid nozzle is threaded on the bit body to realize the injection of the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid, and an "O" ring is arranged between the inner surface and the outer surface of the high pressure resistant hard pipe to achieve sealing.
  • bit body may be a different type of roller cone bit or a PDC bit.
  • the present invention also provides a method for improving drilling speed by using drill string vibration, comprising:
  • the realization process is to increase the injection pressure of the drilling fluid by using the vibration of the drill string to increase the injection pressure of the drilling fluid, and to realize the effective injection by using the ultra-high pressure drill channel system for the downhole supercharger, assisting or directly breaking the rock to improve the drilling speed.
  • the method for improving the injection pressure of the drilling fluid by using the vibration of the drill string is the core of the method for improving the drilling speed by using the vibration of the drill string.
  • the method includes: the power source used is the power provided by the drilling pressure fluctuation generated on the drill string, the drilling fluid Entering the inner cavity of the downhole drill string damping booster, splitting through the splitting mechanism, most of the drilling fluid is sprayed through the atmospheric pressure nozzle; another small part of the drilling fluid passes through the entry list in the downhole drill string damping booster After entering the power conversion unit to the valve, obtaining the power source and reducing the high energy obtained by the fluctuation range of the weight-on-bit, the outlet check valve is connected through the ultrahigh-pressure drilling fluid passage, and the ultra-high pressure jet is directly discharged through the ultra-high pressure jet nozzle or Assist in breaking rocks.
  • the power conversion unit comprises a power conversion chamber, a drilling pressure transmission rod, a spring, a drill string body, a lubricating liquid chamber, and an increase in the drilling fluid injection pressure is completed in the power conversion chamber, and the drilling pressure on the drill cylinder body
  • the drilling pressure transmission rod compresses the drilling fluid and the spring in the power conversion chamber
  • the increase of the drilling fluid pressure in the power conversion chamber causes the inlet check valve to be closed, the outlet check valve to be opened, and the drilling fluid of the power source energy is obtained through the export order.
  • the spring is subjected to the pressure of the pressure transmitting transmission rod to generate compression and energy storage, and the lubricating liquid on the spring is pressed into the lubricating liquid chamber; when the drilling pressure on the drill string is reduced, the drilling pressure transmitting rod is received.
  • the pressure the elastic element that generates the compressed energy storage stretches and releases the energy, so that the pressure in the power conversion chamber is lowered; the power conversion unit inlet check valve is opened, the power conversion unit outlet check valve is closed, the power conversion chamber flows into the drilling fluid, and the lubrication is performed.
  • the lubricating liquid in the liquid chamber flows back to the elastic member to lubricate and cool the elastic member.
  • the two-part drilling fluid shunted by the diverting structure flows along the two independent flow channels to the bottom of the well without interference; when the power conversion unit fails, the drilling fluid can directly enter the atmospheric pressure through the diversion mechanism.
  • the nozzle is ejected.
  • the invention provides a system and a method for improving drilling speed by using drill string vibration.
  • the system is stable and reliable.
  • the core of the method is to improve the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid.
  • the power source of the method is the bottom hole drilling pressure during the drilling process. Fluctuation, using the energy obtained by reducing the fluctuation range of the drilling pressure to increase the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well, so as to reduce the adverse impact of the drilling pressure fluctuation on the drilling process, ensure the safety of the construction, and improve the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a system for improving drilling speed by using drill string vibration according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a downhole drill string damping and boosting device in a system for improving drilling speed by using a drill string vibration;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for a downhole supercharger in a system for improving drilling speed by using a drill string vibration;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the injection pressure of a bottom hole drilling fluid by using the pressure fluctuation of the present invention.
  • the system for improving the drilling speed by using the vibration of the drill string includes: a downhole drill string damping boosting device and an ultrahigh pressure drill device for the downhole turbocharger, and the downhole drill string damping boosting device.
  • the high pressure flow passage 16 is included, and the ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for the downhole turbocharger includes an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid transmission flow path including a high pressure drilling fluid flow passage 25, a high pressure resistant hose 28 and a high pressure resistant
  • the hard pipe 30, the high pressure flow passage 16 is connected with the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow passage 25; one end of the high pressure resistant hose 28 is connected with the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow passage; the other end of the high pressure resistant hose 28 is connected with the high pressure resistant hard pipe, the resistance
  • the other end of the high pressure tube is connected to the ultrahigh pressure jet nozzle 31.
  • the downhole drill string damping boosting device further comprises: an upper conversion joint 1, a spring upper sealing joint 2, a spring outer cylinder 3, a spring 4, a spring lower sealing joint 5, a central shaft 6, and a spline.
  • the joint 17, the upper adapter 1 is integrally connected with the spring plugging joint 2, the central shaft 6, the piston shaft 8 and the inlet check valve 10, and the central shaft 6 cooperates with the spline outer cylinder 7 for transmitting torque and allowing
  • the central shaft 6 can be moved up and down, the central shaft 6 is screwed to the piston shaft 8, and is locked by the lock nut 9, the spring outer cylinder 3, the spring lower plug joint 5, the spline outer cylinder 7, and the boost cylinder outer cylinder 14
  • the lower conversion joint 17 is integrally connected, the spring outer cylinder 3 is
  • the upper part of the device is a vibration damping system
  • the lower part is a drilling fluid pressurization system, which can be integrally connected between the drill string and the rock breaking bit.
  • the drill string drives the upper adapter 1, the spring-on-plug joint 2, the central shaft 6 and the piston shaft 8 to move up and down together, and at the same time, the spring 4 in the spring outer cylinder 3 passes through the compression and The expansion ensures that the spring outer cylinder, the booster cylinder 12, etc. do not move up and down with the drill string.
  • the central shaft 6 and the piston shaft 8 are moved upward relative to the booster cylinder 12, and a negative pressure is generated in the booster cylinder 12 to suck the drilling fluid, and when the drill string moves downward, the central shaft 6 is driven.
  • the piston shaft 8 moves downward, compresses and pressurizes the drilling fluid in the booster cylinder 12, and the pressurized drilling fluid enters the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid passage through the outlet check valve 15, the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path and the underground well
  • the supercharger is connected by a high pressure hose in the ultra high pressure drill bit device to create a high pressure jet that assists in breaking the bottom rock.
  • the ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for the downhole supercharger comprises: an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid transmission channel and a common drilling fluid transmission channel, wherein the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid transmission channel is protected by the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid channel 25
  • the high-pressure hose 28, the high-pressure resistant hard pipe 30, and the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid nozzle 31 are connected as a whole; the ordinary drilling fluid transmission passage is provided by the overflow hole of the righting overcurrent structure 23, the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25 and the conversion joint 24
  • the annular space between the holes, the overflow hole of the split type centralizer 26, the annular space between the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path 25 and the inner cavity of the bit body 27 constitute a communication flow path.
  • the working principle of the invention is that the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25 is connected with the high-pressure resistant hose 28, the high-pressure resistant hard pipe 30, and the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid nozzle 31, and the whole is used for generating the downhole vibration damping device.
  • the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid is transported to the bottom of the well and sprayed to realize the direct or auxiliary rock breaking of the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid; the annular space between the overflow hole of the over-current structure, the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25 and the inner hole of the conversion joint 24, The through hole of the split type centralizer 26, the annular space between the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path 25 and the inner cavity of the bit body 27 is a communication flow path for the transmission of the ordinary drilling fluid, and the atmospheric pressure drilling to the bit body 27 The liquid is sprayed out through a common nozzle on the bit body to achieve the normal function of the drilling fluid.
  • the above-mentioned bit body 27 is provided with a drilling fluid flow path leading to the nozzle, and a high pressure resistant hard pipe 30 is installed in one of the drilling fluid flow channels, and a hard pipe limiting sleeve 29 is externally mounted for the high pressure resistant hard pipe 30, and then the ultrahigh pressure is installed.
  • the nut 22 cooperates to receive the axial pulling force and pressure generated by the sealing assembly on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow passage 25 when the downhole supercharging device and the device are disassembled, and the hexagonal inner hole of the righting overcurrent structure 23 is loaded into the hexagonal body 21, There is a gap between the hexagonal body 21 and the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path 25.
  • the righting overcurrent structure 23 is installed in the inner hole of the male end of the conversion joint 24 through the left turn thread, and cooperates with the small hole limit nut 19 and the large hole limit nut 22 for receiving the downhole pressurizing device and the device disassembling and assembling.
  • the small hole limiting nut 19 is mounted on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25, and the lower surface thereof is in contact with the upper surface of the righting overcurrent structure 23 for receiving the sealing assembly to the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid when the downhole supercharging device is connected with the device.
  • the large hole limiting nut 22 is mounted on the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25, and the upper surface thereof is in contact with the lower surface of the righting overcurrent structure 23 for receiving the underground pressurized device and the sealing assembly for the ultrahigh pressure drilling when the device is disassembled
  • the hexagonal body 21 is installed in a space between the hexagonal inner hole of the righting overcurrent structure 23 and the ultrahigh pressure drilling liquid flow channel 25, and is used for receiving the underground supercharger and the sealing assembly of the system loading and unloading process to generate the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow channel 25.
  • a fixed position retaining ring 20 is mounted on the upper portion of the righting overcurrent structure 23 for fixing the righting overcurrent structure 23 so as to be able to withstand the torque without generating rotation;
  • the connecting joint 24 and the bit body 27 are connected with a split type centralizer 26 for realizing the overcurrent of the intermediate and atmospheric drilling fluid of the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid channel 25;
  • the rigid tube limiting sleeve 29 is mounted on the neck of the high pressure resistant hard tube 30 for fixing the high pressure resistant hard tube 30;
  • the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid nozzle 31 is screwed on the bit body 27 to realize the injection of the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid, and an "O" ring is arranged between the inner surface and the outer surface of the high-pressure resistant hard pipe 30 to achieve sealing;
  • the through hole of the righting overcurrent structure 23 and the split type centralizer 26 is not limited to the structure in the drawing, and may be a circular hole or the like;
  • bit body 27 of the present invention for constructing the system may be a roller bit, a PDC bit or the like, the size and shape of which are not limited by the shape in the drawings.
  • the construction method of the ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for the downhole supercharger comprises:
  • step 1 assembly of the high pressure resistant hard tube 30 is loaded into the bit body 27 drilling fluid flow path, the high pressure resistant hard tube 30 is externally mounted with a hard tube limiting sleeve 29, and then the ultra high pressure drilling fluid nozzle 31;
  • the righting overcurrent structure 23 is mounted on the male end of the conversion joint 24, and the limit retaining ring 3 is installed to prevent the overcurrent structure 23 from moving;
  • the split type centralizer 26 is hung on the ultrahigh pressure drilling liquid flow channel 25, and the conversion joint 24 is installed. During the installation process, the upper part of the ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid flow path 25 is ensured to pass through the hole in the righting overcurrent structure 23 ;
  • a method of using a drill string vibration to increase drilling speed comprising:
  • the method for improving the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid by using the vibration of the drill string and the construction method of the ultrahigh pressure bit runner system for the downhole supercharger, and the method for improving the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid by using the vibration of the drill string includes: the power source used The power provided by the drilling pressure fluctuation generated on the drill string body, the drilling fluid enters the inner cavity of the downhole drill string damping boosting device, and is diverted by the splitting mechanism, and most of the drilling fluid is sprayed through the atmospheric pressure nozzle, in the device
  • the shunting mechanism is a bottom shaft shunt hole of the central shaft; another small part of the drilling fluid enters the power conversion unit through the inlet check valve in the downhole drill string damping and supercharging device, obtains the power source and reduces the fluctuation of the drilling pressure.
  • the power conversion unit is composed of a seal assembly, a booster cylinder and a booster cylinder centering cylinder.
  • the power conversion unit comprises a power conversion cavity, a drilling pressure transmission rod, a spring, a drill cylinder body and a lubricating liquid cavity.
  • the power conversion cavity body is composed of a sealing assembly, a boosting cylinder and a booster cylinder centralizing cylinder, and the drilling pressure transmission rod is composed of an upper part.
  • the conversion joint, the spring plugging joint, the central shaft, the piston shaft, the lock nut and the inlet check valve are composed of a spring sealing joint, a spring outer cylinder, a spring sealing joint and a central shaft.
  • the drilling fluid injection pressure is increased in the power conversion chamber.
  • the drilling pressure transmission rod compresses the drilling fluid and the spring in the power conversion chamber, and the drilling fluid pressure in the power conversion chamber increases the inlet bill.
  • the valve is closed, the outlet check valve is opened, and the drilling fluid that obtains the power source energy is discharged through the outlet check valve, and is sprayed through the ultra-high pressure jet nozzle to realize the ultra-high pressure jet directly or assisting rock breaking.
  • the spring bears the pressure of the pressure transmitting rod, and generates compression and energy storage.
  • the lubricating liquid on the spring is pressed into the lubricating liquid chamber; when the drilling pressure on the drill string is reduced, the pressure of the pressure transmitting rod is received, and the compression storage is generated.
  • the elastic element can stretch and release energy, so that the pressure in the power conversion chamber is reduced; the power conversion unit inlet check valve is opened, the power conversion unit outlet check valve is closed, the power conversion chamber flows into the drilling fluid, and the lubrication in the lubrication liquid chamber is simultaneously lubricated The liquid flows back to the elastic element to lubricate and cool the elastic element.
  • the two-part drilling fluid split by the split structure flows to the bottom of the well along two independent flow paths without interference with each other; when the power conversion unit fails, the drilling fluid can be directly discharged into the atmospheric pressure nozzle through the flow dividing mechanism. It will not affect the normal operation of drilling construction, and will not increase the risk of drilling operations.
  • the drilling fluid in the mud pool 32 is powered by the mud pump 33 and then enters the drill string cavity 34, and is shunted by the splitting mechanism 35. Most of the drilling fluid is sprayed through the atmospheric pressure nozzle 36 to play.
  • the circulating fluid of this part of the drilling fluid is not interfered with by the other part of the drilling fluid injection pressure process; another small part of the drilling fluid enters the power conversion unit from the inlet check valve 37, and the power source is reduced.
  • the energy obtained by the fluctuation of the small drilling pressure reaches a pressure of 80-100 MPa or higher, is discharged through the outlet check valve 38, and is sprayed through the ultra-high pressure jet nozzle to realize the ultra-high pressure jet directly or assisting rock breaking.
  • the drilling fluid injection pressure is increased in the power conversion chamber 39.
  • the drilling pressure transmission rod 40 compresses the drilling fluid and the elastic member 41 in the power conversion chamber, and the power conversion chamber 39
  • the increase of the drilling fluid pressure causes the inlet check valve 37 to be closed, the outlet check valve 38 to be opened, the drilling fluid that obtains the power source energy is discharged through the outlet check valve 38, and the ultrahigh pressure jet is sprayed out to achieve the ultrahigh pressure jet directly or auxiliaryly broken.
  • Rock; the spring withstands the pressure of the pressure transmitting rod, generates compression and accumulates energy, and the lubricating liquid on the spring is pressed into the lubricating liquid chamber.
  • the method of using the vibration of the drill string to increase the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well is a new method for improving the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well.
  • the corresponding device has a simple structure, a stable and reliable system.
  • the construction method of the ultra-high pressure drill channel system for the downhole supercharger is easy to implement, saves the operation time, and can construct various ultra-high pressure drill bit devices for the downhole supercharger.
  • the downhole drill string damping booster designed by the method of increasing the injection pressure of the bottom hole drilling fluid based on the vibration of the drill string cooperates with the drill bit constructed by the construction method of the ultrahigh pressure drill runner system to improve the drilling speed.
  • the drilling speed in the deep hard formation is 1 ⁇ 5 times higher than that of the conventional drilling method, and the large fluctuation of the drilling pressure observed on the drill floor is obviously improved.
  • Practice has shown that the method and system for improving the drilling speed by using the vibration of the drill string realizes the improvement of the drilling speed and effectively reduces the vibration of the bottom drill string.
  • the present invention provides a system and method for improving drilling speed using drill string vibration, including a system and method for improving the injection pressure of a bottom hole drilling fluid by using a drill string vibration, and a system and method for realizing an ultrahigh pressure drilling fluid bottom hole injection.
  • the method and system for increasing the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well by using the pressure fluctuation of the drilling pressure is stable and reliable.
  • the power source of the method for increasing the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well is the fluctuation of the bottom hole drilling pressure during the drilling process, and the utilization is reduced.
  • the energy obtained by the fluctuation of the small drilling pressure increases the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well.
  • a system and method for realizing ultra-high pressure drilling fluid bottom hole injection that is, an ultrahigh pressure drill bit device for a downhole supercharger and a super high pressure drill bit flow passage system for a downhole supercharger, only need to remove the bit body other than the bit body in the system
  • the components can realize the conversion from the ordinary drill bit to the ultra-high pressure double-flow drill bit, which is beneficial to the popularization and application of the underground supercharger.

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Description

一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及石油与天然气钻井工程领域，特别涉及一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法和系统。
背景技术
众所周知，井下安装专用工具来提高井底钻井液喷射压力方法的主要优点是不必改变现有的钻井工艺及设备条件下，即可达到超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩来提高钻井速度的目的。但如何提高井底钻井液的喷射压力，如何实现超高压钻井液的有效喷射，一直是钻井工程人员和技术发明者试图解决的问题。现在已有的提高井底钻井液的喷射压力的方法工作动力都是来自钻井液本身所携带的压能，实现过程为通过设计出的专用工具将大部分钻井液的能量转移到一小部分钻井液。该方法实现过程及应用过程面临以下问题：① 根据该方法设计出的专用工具结构较为复杂，使其在井下工作的寿命及安全性难以保障；②随着井深的增加，循环压耗增大，钻井液压能减小，提高井底钻井液喷射压力的效果会受到影响；③提高井底钻井液喷射压力过程引起的冲击与钻柱的固有振动可能会产生耦合现象，影响钻头及钻具工作寿命；④根据该方法设计出的专用工具正常工作时会产生一定压降，增加了循环系统的工作载荷，还可能会影响钻井液一些正常功用的发挥；⑤ 全部钻井液都参与能量转移过程，如果工具在井下失效，可能会导致钻井液循环受阻、施工无法进行，甚至产生严重后果。实现超高压钻井液井底喷射所用的钻头需要专门生产，使用中存在以下问题：①在钻头胎体内埋入超高压钻井液专用流道，这无疑增加了钻井作业的成本，影响了在不同地区、不同地层的推广应用；②安装过程中存在流道不能够同时连接的可能，由于超高压流体过流管道无承压及承拉装置，在和提高井底钻井液喷射压力的工具装卸过程中，会产生因轴向受力过大或轴线不对中引起的超高压流道连通失败情况；③连接过程可能会对超高压流道与钻头体的连接造成破坏，与提高井底钻井液喷射压力的工具连接过程中，超高压流道上的扭矩作用于与钻头体的连接部位，极易引起该部位的损坏。因此，尽管研究人员进行了艰苦的努力和潜心的研究，上述提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法及实现超高压钻井液的有效喷射的方法及工具仍未在提高钻井速度领域中推广应用。
发明内容
（一）要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的系统和方法以此来提高钻井速度。
（二）技术方案
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案一方面提供一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，包括：
井下钻柱减振增压装置和井下增压器用超高压钻头装置，所述井下钻柱减振增压装置中包括高压流道，所述井下增压器用超高压钻头装置包括超高压钻井液传输流道，所述超高压钻井液传输流道包括超高压钻井液流道、耐高压软管和耐高压硬管；所述高压流道与超高压钻井液流道连接；所述耐高压软管一端与超高压钻井液流道连接；所述耐高压软管另一端连接耐高压硬管，所述耐高压硬管的另一端连接超高压钻井液喷嘴。
进一步地，井下钻柱减振增压装置还包括：上部转换接头、弹簧上封堵接头、弹簧外筒、弹簧、弹簧下封堵接头、中心轴、花键外筒、活塞轴、锁紧螺母、入口单向阀、密封总成、增压缸、增压缸扶正筒、增压缸外筒、出口单向阀、下部转换接头，上部转换接头与弹簧上封堵接头、中心轴、活塞轴和入口单向阀相连成一体，中心轴与花键外筒相配合，可用于传递扭矩并允许中心轴可以上下活动，中心轴通过螺纹连接活塞轴，并通过紧锁螺母锁紧，弹簧外筒、弹簧下封堵接头、花键外筒、增压缸外筒和下部转换接头连接成一体，弹簧外筒内设有弹簧，增压缸固定在增压缸扶正筒内，增压缸扶正筒位于增压缸外筒内，增压缸与活塞轴接触的的一侧设有密封总成，增压缸的另一侧设有出口单向阀，出口单向阀连通高压流道。
进一步地，所述井下增压器用超高压钻头装置还包括：普通钻井液传输通道，所述的普通钻井液传输通道由扶正过流结构的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道与转换接头内孔间的环形空间、对开式扶正器的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道与钻头体内腔间的环形空间组成连通流道。
进一步地，所述的钻头体内设有通往喷嘴的钻井液流道，在其中一个钻井液流道内安装耐高压硬管，耐高压硬管的外部安装硬管限位套，再装超高压钻井液喷嘴；所述的钻头体的外端连接转换接头的母扣，转换接头的公扣端的内孔安设扶正过流结构，与小孔限位螺母、大孔限位螺母配合，用于承受井下减振增压装置与该系统拆装时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向拉力及压力，扶正过流结构六方内孔装入六方体，六方体与超高压钻井液流道之间存在间隙。
进一步地，所述的小孔限位螺母安装在所述的超高压钻井液流道上，其下表面与扶正过流结构上表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该系统连接时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向压力。
进一步地，大孔限位螺母安装在超高压钻井液流道上，其上表面与扶正过流结构下表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该系统拆开时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向拉力。
进一步地，所述的转换接头与钻头体连接处装有对开式扶正器，用于实现超高压钻井液流道的居中及常压钻井液的过流。
进一步地，所述的超高压钻井液喷嘴通过螺纹安装在钻头体上，实现超高压钻井液的喷射，其内表面与耐高压硬管外表面间装有“O”型圈，来实现密封。
进一步地，所述的钻头体可以是不同类型的牙轮钻头或者PDC钻头。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法，包括：
实现过程为利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法提高钻井液的喷射压力并利用用于井下增压器的超高压钻头流道系统实现有效喷射，辅助或直接破岩从而提高钻井速度。利用钻柱振动提高提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法为利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度方法的核心，该方法包括：采用的动力源为钻柱体上产生的钻压波动提供的动力，钻井液进入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的内腔，经分流机构分流，大部分钻井液通过常压喷嘴喷出；另一小部分钻井液经入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的入口单向阀进入动力转换单元，得到动力源并且减小钻压波动幅度获得的高能量后，经连通超高压钻井液流道的出口单向阀排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。
进一步地，所述的动力转换单元包括动力转化腔体、钻压传递杆、弹簧、钻柱体、润滑液体腔，钻井液喷射压力的提高在动力转换腔体内完成，钻柱体上的钻压增加时，钻压传递杆压缩动力转换腔体内的钻井液及弹簧，动力转换腔体内钻井液压力的增加使得入口单向阀关闭，出口单向阀开启，获得动力源能量的钻井液经出口单向阀排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。
进一步地，所述弹簧承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩并蓄能，此时弹簧上的润滑液体被压进润滑液体腔；钻柱体上的钻压减小时，承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩蓄能的弹性元件伸展并释放能量，使得动力转换腔体内压力降低；动力转换单元入口单向阀开启，动力转换单元出口单向阀关闭，动力转换腔体流入钻井液，同时润滑液体腔内的润滑液体流回弹性元件，为弹性元件润滑及降温。
进一步地，所述的分流结构分流的两部分钻井液沿着两个独立的流道流到井底，彼此不产生干扰；当动力转换单元失效后，钻井液可以通过分流机构直接进入到常压喷嘴喷出。
（三）有益效果
本发明提供了一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统及方法，该系统稳定、可靠，该方法的核心—提高井底钻井液的喷射压力方法的动力源为钻进过程中的井底钻压波动，利用减小钻压波动幅度获得的能量来提高井底钻井液喷射压力，做到既减小钻压波动对钻井过程产生的不利影响，保证施工安全进行，又提高井底钻井液喷射压力。
附图说明
图1是本发明利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统结构示意图；
图2是图1中的A-A剖面图；
图3是图1中的B-B剖面图；
图4是图1中的C-C剖面图；
图5是图1中的D-D剖面图；
图6是图1中的E-E剖面图；
图7是本发明利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统中井下钻柱减振增压装置结构示意图；
图8是本发明利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统中井下增压器用超高压钻头装置示意图；
图9为图8中D-D剖面图；
图10为图8中E-E剖面图；
图11是本发明利用钻压波动提高井底钻井液喷射压力方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1-6所示，本实施例利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统具体包括：井下钻柱减振增压装置和井下增压器用超高压钻头装置，所述井下钻柱减振增压装置中包括高压流道16，所述井下增压器用超高压钻头装置包括超高压钻井液传输流道，该超高压钻井液传输流道包括高压钻井液流道25、耐高压软管28和耐高压硬管30，高压流道16与超高压钻井液流道连接25；耐高压软管28一端与超高压钻井液流道连接；耐高压软管28的另一端与耐高压硬管连接，该耐高压硬管的另一端连接超高压射流喷嘴31。
参考图7，该井下钻柱减振增压装置还包括：上部转换接头1、弹簧上封堵接头2、弹簧外筒3、弹簧4、弹簧下封堵接头5、中心轴6、花键外筒7、活塞轴8、锁紧螺母9、入口单向阀10、密封总成11、增压缸12、增压缸扶正筒13、增压缸外筒14、出口单向阀15、下部转换接头17，上部转换接头1与弹簧上封堵接头2、中心轴6、活塞轴8和入口单向阀10相连成一体，中心轴6与花键外筒7相配合，可用于传递扭矩并允许中心轴6可以上下活动，中心轴6通过螺纹连接活塞轴8，并通过紧锁螺母9锁紧，弹簧外筒3、弹簧下封堵接头5、花键外筒7、增压缸外筒14和下部转换接头17连接成一体，弹簧外筒3内设有弹簧4，增压缸12固定在增压缸扶正筒13内，增压缸扶正筒13位于增压缸外筒14内，增压缸12与活塞轴8接触的的一侧设有密封总成11，增压缸12的另一侧设有出口单向阀15，出口单向阀15连通高压流道16。
该装置上部为减振系统，下部为钻井液增压系统，可整体连接在钻柱和破岩钻头之间。实施钻井时，由于钻柱的纵向振动，钻柱带动上部转换接头1、弹簧上封堵接头2、中心轴6和活塞轴8一起上下运动，同时，弹簧外筒3内的弹簧4通过压缩和膨胀可保证弹簧外筒、增压缸12等不随钻柱上下运动。当钻柱向上运动时，带动中心轴6和活塞轴8相对于增压缸12向上移动，增压缸12内产生负压，吸入钻井液，当钻柱向下运动时，带动中心轴6和活塞轴8向下移动，压缩增压缸12内的钻井液并使之增压，增压后的钻井液通过出口单向阀15进入超高压钻井液流道，超高压钻井液流道与井下增压器用超高压钻头装置中的高压软管相连，从而产生高压射流，辅助破碎井底岩石。
参考图8-10，该井下增压器用超高压钻头装置包括：超高压钻井液传输通道和普通钻井液传输通道组成，所述的超高压钻井液传输通道由超高压钻井液流道25与耐高压软管28、耐高压硬管30、超高压钻井液喷嘴31连接成一个整体；普通钻井液传输通道由扶正过流结构23的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道25与转换接头24内孔间的环形空间、对开式扶正器26的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道25与钻头体27内腔间的环形空间组成连通流道。
本发明的工作原理是：超高压钻井液流道25与耐高压软管28、耐高压硬管30、超高压钻井液喷嘴31连接成一个整体，该整体用于将井下减振增压装置产生的超高压钻井液传输到井底并喷射，实现超高压钻井液直接或者辅助破岩；扶正过流结构的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道25与转换接头24内孔间的环形空间、对开式扶正器26的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道25与钻头体27内腔间的环形空间为一连通流道用于普通钻井液的传输，到达钻头体27上的常压钻井液通过钻头体上普通喷嘴喷射出去，实现钻井液的正常功用。
上述的钻头体27内设有通往喷嘴的钻井液流道，在其中一个钻井液流道内安装耐高压硬管30，耐高压硬管30的外部安装硬管限位套29，再装超高压钻井液喷嘴31；所述的钻头体27的外端连接转换接头24的母扣，转换接头24的公扣端的内孔安设扶正过流结构，与小孔限位螺母19、大孔限位螺母22配合，用于承受井下增压装置与该装置拆装时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道25产生的轴向拉力及压力，扶正过流结构23六方内孔装入六方体21，六方体21与超高压钻井液流道25之间存在间隙。
扶正过流结构23通过左旋扣螺纹安装于转换接头24公扣端的内孔里，与小孔限位螺母19、大孔限位螺母22配合，用于承受井下增压装置与该装置拆装时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道25产生的轴向拉力及压力。
小孔限位螺母19安装在超高压钻井液流道25上，其下表面与扶正过流结构23上表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该装置连接时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道25产生的轴向压力；
大孔限位螺母22安装在超高压钻井液流道25上，其上表面与扶正过流结构23下表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该装置拆开时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道25产生的轴向拉力；
六方体21安装于扶正过流结构23六方内孔与超高压钻井液流道25之间的空间，用于承受井下增压装置与该系统装卸过程密封总成对超高压钻井液流道25产生的周向扭矩；
扶正过流结构23上部安装有限位挡圈20，用于固定扶正过流结构23，使其能够承受扭矩作用而不产生旋转；
六方体21与扶正过流结构23六方内孔及超高压钻井液流道25六方截面之间各存在0.5mm的空间，为井下增压装置及该系统超高压钻井液流道轴线对中提供空间；
转换接头24与钻头体27连接处装有对开式扶正器26，用于实现超高压钻井液流道25的居中及常压钻井液的过流；
硬管限位套29安装于耐高压硬管30的颈部，用于固定耐高压硬管30；
超高压钻井液喷嘴31利用螺纹安装在钻头体27上，实现超高压钻井液的喷射，其内表面与耐高压硬管30外表面间装有“O”型圈，来实现密封；
扶正过流结构23及对开式扶正器26的过流孔不限于图中的结构，可以是圆孔等；
另外，本发明用于构造该系统的钻头体27可以是牙轮钻头、PDC钻头等，其尺寸及外形不受附图中形状的限制。
其中，该井下增压器用超高压钻头装置的构造方法包括：
（1）将超高压钻井液流道25、耐高压软管28、耐高压硬管30连为一体，将大孔限位螺母22安装在超高压钻井液流道25上；
（2）将步骤一组装体的耐高压硬管30装入钻头体27钻井液流道，耐高压硬管30的外部安装硬管限位套29，再装超高压钻井液喷嘴31；
（3）将扶正过流结构23装在转换接头24公扣端，并安装限位挡圈3防止扶正过流结构23活动；
（4）将对开式扶正器26抱紧在超高压钻井液流道25上，装上转换接头24，安装过程中保证超高压钻井液流道25上部从扶正过流结构23中孔穿出；
（5） 将六方体21装入扶正过流结构23六方内孔与超高压钻井液流道25之间的空间；
（6）将小孔限位螺母19旋在超高压钻井液流道25上。
另一方面，提供一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法，包括：
利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法及用于井下增压器的超高压钻头流道系统的构造方法，利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法包括：采用的动力源为钻柱体上产生的钻压波动提供的动力，钻井液进入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的内腔，经分流机构分流，大部分钻井液通过常压喷嘴喷出，在该装置中，该分流机构为中心轴底端分流孔；另一小部分钻井液经入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的入口单向阀进入动力转换单元，得到动力源并且减小钻压波动幅度获得的高能量后，经连通超高压钻井液流道的出口单向阀排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。该动力转换单元由密封总成、增压缸和增压缸扶正筒组成。动力转换单元包括动力转化腔体、钻压传递杆、弹簧、钻柱体、润滑液体腔，动力转化腔体由密封总成、增压缸和增压缸扶正筒组成，钻压传递杆由上部转换接头、弹簧上封堵接头、中心轴、活塞轴、锁紧螺母和入口单向阀组成，润滑液体腔由弹簧上封堵接头、弹簧外筒、弹簧下封接头和中心轴组成。
钻井液喷射压力的提高在动力转换腔体内完成，钻柱体上的钻压增加时，钻压传递杆压缩动力转换腔体内的钻井液及弹簧，动力转换腔体内钻井液压力的增加使得入口单向阀关闭，出口单向阀开启，获得动力源能量的钻井液经出口单向阀排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。弹簧承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩并蓄能，此时弹簧上的润滑液体被压进润滑液体腔；钻柱体上的钻压减小时，承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩蓄能的弹性元件伸展并释放能量，使得动力转换腔体内压力降低；动力转换单元入口单向阀开启，动力转换单元出口单向阀关闭，动力转换腔体流入钻井液，同时润滑液体腔内的润滑液体流回弹性元件，为弹性元件润滑及降温。分流结构分流的两部分钻井液沿着两个独立的流道流到井底，彼此不产生干扰；当动力转换单元失效后，钻井液可以通过分流机构直接进入到常压喷嘴喷出。既不会影响钻井施工的正常进行，也不会增加钻井作业风险。
参考图11，上述方法具体实施过程为：泥浆池32内钻井液由泥浆泵33提供动力后进入钻柱内腔34，经分流机构35分流，大部分钻井液通过常压喷嘴36喷出，发挥常规钻井液的功用，该部分钻井液的循环流动不受提高另一部分井底钻井液喷射压力过程的干扰；另一小部分钻井液从入口单向阀37进入动力转换单元，得到动力源—减小钻压波动幅度获得的能量后达到80-100Mpa或者更高的压力，经出口单向阀38排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。钻井液喷射压力的提高在动力转换腔体39内完成，钻柱体42上的钻压增加时，钻压传递杆40压缩动力转换腔体内的钻井液及弹性元件41，动力转换腔体39内钻井液压力的增加使得入口单向阀37关闭，出口单向阀38开启，获得动力源能量的钻井液经出口单向阀38排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩；弹簧承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩，蓄能，此时弹簧上的润滑液体被压进润滑液体腔。钻柱体上的钻压减小时，承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩蓄能的弹簧伸展并释放能量，使得动力转换腔体内压力降低。入口单向阀开启，出口单向阀关闭，动力转换腔体39流入钻井液，同时润滑液体腔43内的润滑液体流回弹性元件，为弹簧润滑及降温。
利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法是一种全新的提高井底钻井液喷射压力方法，相应的装置结构简单、系统稳定、可靠。用于井下增压器的超高压钻头流道系统的构造方法实施容易，节省操作时间，可构造出各种井下增压器用超高压钻头装置。经现场应用，利用基于钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法设计出的井下钻柱减振增压装置与利用超高压钻头流道系统的构造方法构造出的钻头相配合来提高钻井速度，在深部硬地层钻进速度比常规钻井方法提高1~5倍，钻台上观测到的钻压大幅度波动情况明显改善。实践表明，利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法及系统即实现了钻井速度的提高，又有效地减小了井底钻柱的振动。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统及方法，包括利用钻柱振动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的系统和方法及实现超高压钻井液井底喷射的系统及方法。利用钻压波动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法和系统，该系统稳定、可靠，该种提高井底钻井液的喷射压力方法的动力源为钻进过程中的井底钻压波动，利用减小钻压波动幅度获得的能量来提高井底钻井液喷射压力。做到既减小钻压波动对钻井过程产生的不利影响，保证施工安全进行，又提高井底钻井液喷射压力。实现超高压钻井液井底喷射的系统及方法，即井下增压器用超高压钻头装置及用于井下增压器的超高压钻头流道系统的构造方法，仅需要将系统中除了钻头体的其他组件按照该系统的构造方法进行构造，即可实现普通钻头到超高压双流道钻头的转化，有利于井下增压装置的推广应用。

Claims (1)

  1. 权 利 要 求 书
    1、一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，包括：
    井下钻柱减振增压装置和井下增压器用超高压钻头装置，所述井下钻柱减振增压装置中包括高压流道，所述井下增压器用超高压钻头装置包括超高压钻井液传输流道，所述超高压钻井液传输流道包括超高压钻井液流道、耐高压软管和耐高压硬管；所述高压流道与超高压钻井液流道连接；所述耐高压软管一端与超高压钻井液流道连接；所述耐高压软管另一端连接耐高压硬管，所述耐高压硬管的另一端连接超高压钻井液喷嘴。
    2、如权利要求1所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，井下钻柱减振增压装置还包括：上部转换接头、弹簧上封堵接头、弹簧外筒、弹簧、弹簧下封堵接头、中心轴、花键外筒、活塞轴、锁紧螺母、入口单向阀、密封总成、增压缸、增压缸扶正筒、增压缸外筒、出口单向阀、下部转换接头，上部转换接头与弹簧上封堵接头、中心轴、活塞轴和入口单向阀相连成一体，中心轴与花键外筒相配合，可用于传递扭矩并允许中心轴可以上下活动，中心轴通过螺纹连接活塞轴，并通过紧锁螺母锁紧，弹簧外筒、弹簧下封堵接头、花键外筒、增压缸外筒和下部转换接头连接成一体，弹簧外筒内设有弹簧，增压缸固定在增压缸扶正筒内，增压缸扶正筒位于增压缸外筒内，增压缸与活塞轴接触的的一侧设有密封总成，增压缸的另一侧设有出口单向阀，出口单向阀连通高压流道。
    3、如权利要求1所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述井下增压器用超高压钻头装置还包括：普通钻井液传输通道，所述的普通钻井液传输通道由扶正过流结构的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道与转换接头内孔间的环形空间、对开式扶正器的过流孔、超高压钻井液流道与钻头体内腔间的环形空间组成连通流道。
    4、根据权利要求3所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述的钻头体内设有通往喷嘴的钻井液流道，在其中一个钻井液流道内安装耐高压硬管，耐高压硬管的外部安装硬管限位套，再装超高压钻井液喷嘴；所述的钻头体的外端连接转换接头的母扣，转换接头的公扣端的内孔安设扶正过流结构，与小孔限位螺母、大孔限位螺母配合，用于承受井下减振增压装置与该系统拆装时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向拉力及压力，扶正过流结构六方内孔装入六方体，六方体与超高压钻井液流道之间存在间隙。
    5、根据权利要求4所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述的小孔限位螺母安装在所述的超高压钻井液流道上，其下表面与扶正过流结构上表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该系统连接时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向压力。
    6、根据权利要求4所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，大孔限位螺母安装在超高压钻井液流道上，其上表面与扶正过流结构下表面接触，用于承受井下增压装置与该系统拆开时密封总成对超高压钻井液流道产生的轴向拉力。
    7、根据权利要求4所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述的转换接头与钻头体连接处装有对开式扶正器，用于实现超高压钻井液流道的居中及常压钻井液的过流。
    8、根据权利要求3所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述的超高压钻井液喷嘴通过螺纹安装在钻头体上，实现超高压钻井液的喷射，其内表面与耐高压硬管外表面间装有“O”型圈，来实现密封。
    9、根据权利要求3所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度系统，其特征在于，所述的钻头体可以是不同类型的牙轮钻头或者PDC钻头。
    10、一种利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法，其特征在于，包括：采用的动力源为钻柱体上产生的钻压波动提供的动力，钻井液进入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的内腔，经分流机构分流，大部分钻井液通过常压喷嘴喷出；另一小部分钻井液经入井下钻柱减振增压装置中的入口单向阀进入动力转换单元，得到动力源并且减小钻压波动幅度获得的高能量后，经连通高压流道的出口单向阀排出，最终通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩；所述动力转换单元由密封总成、增压缸和增压缸扶正筒组成。
    11、根据权利要求10所述的利用钻柱振动提高钻井速度的方法，其特征在于，所述的动力转换单元包括动力转化腔体、钻压传递杆、弹簧、钻柱体和润滑液体腔，所述动力转化腔体由密封总成、增压缸和增压缸扶正筒组成，所述钻压传递杆由上部转换接头、弹簧上封堵接头、中心轴、活塞轴、锁紧螺母和入口单向阀组成，所述润滑液体腔由弹簧上封堵接头、弹簧外筒、弹簧下封接头和中心轴组成；
    钻井液喷射压力的提高在动力转换腔体内完成，钻柱体上的钻压增加时，钻压传递杆压缩动力转换腔体内的钻井液及弹簧，动力转换腔体内钻井液压力的增加使得入口单向阀关闭，出口单向阀开启，获得动力源能量的钻井液经出口单向阀排出，通过超高压射流喷嘴喷出实现超高压射流直接或者辅助破岩。
    12、根据权利要求11所述的利用钻压波动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法，其特征在于，所述弹簧承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩并蓄能，此时弹簧上的润滑液体被压进润滑液体腔；钻柱体上的钻压减小时，承受钻压传递杆的压力，产生压缩蓄能的弹性元件伸展并释放能量，使得动力转换腔体内压力降低；动力转换单元入口单向阀开启，动力转换单元出口单向阀关闭，动力转换腔体流入钻井液，同时润滑液体腔内的润滑液体流回弹性元件，为弹性元件润滑及降温。
    13、根据权利要求10所述的利用钻压波动提高井底钻井液喷射压力的方法，其特征在于，所述的分流结构分流的两部分钻井液沿着两个独立的流道流到井底，彼此不产生干扰；当动力转换单元失效后，钻井液可以通过分流机构直接进入到常压喷嘴喷出。
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