WO2012104201A1 - Procede de mesure de frequences d'emission au moyen d'un interferometre rotatif - Google Patents
Procede de mesure de frequences d'emission au moyen d'un interferometre rotatif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012104201A1 WO2012104201A1 PCT/EP2012/051264 EP2012051264W WO2012104201A1 WO 2012104201 A1 WO2012104201 A1 WO 2012104201A1 EP 2012051264 W EP2012051264 W EP 2012051264W WO 2012104201 A1 WO2012104201 A1 WO 2012104201A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- sub
- signal
- measurement
- antennas
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
- G01S13/44—Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing
- G01S13/4454—Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing phase comparisons monopulse, i.e. comparing the echo signals received by an interferometric antenna arrangement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general field of radar reception and more particularly broadband frequency analysis of the received signals.
- the technical problem is that of the measurement, by means of an inexpensive device, of the carrier frequency of a signal which can be continuous or pulsed (non-continuous duration), for example radar signals.
- the present emission frequency measurement systems have average quadratic accuracies, rms (i.e. "root mean square” according to the English name) of the order of Megahertz. They mainly use two techniques, depending on whether the received reception is instant broadband or not.
- the technique used is generally based on the use of a spectral analysis whose resolution offers much of the precision sought.
- the instantaneous band is well below the total frequency coverage, it is necessary to use superheterodyne type reception means that are necessarily complex from a material point of view (double frequency change, preselection filter bank, last intermediate frequency filter very steep, etc.).
- An object of the invention is to propose an alternative technical solution to current solutions. These offer good performance, but at the cost of hardware additions that can reach high levels of complexity, such as spectral analyzers necessarily having to be associated with superheterodyne receivers with wide frequency coverage.
- Another object of the invention is to take advantage of a reception architecture that may exist in addition, interferometer architecture in rotation in particular, without adding hardware to perform this frequency measurement function.
- an object of the invention is to use existing signals to propose a solution that favors simplicity much more than technical performance and, therefore, less expensive to implement,
- the subject of the invention is a method for measuring the carrier frequency of the radio signal emitted by a remote transmitter, which implements an antenna comprising at least two sub-antennas situated in the same plane, in rotation with respect to a given axis, and whose phase centers are separated by a distance d, the sub-antennas being associated to form an interferometry base.
- the radio signals S1 and S2 received by the two sub-antennas are processed together to form a video signal S, characterizing the phase difference existing between the radio signals S1 and S2 picked up by these sub-antennas, whose frequency is measured.
- Measuring the frequency of the radio signal emitted by the transmitter being equal to a scale factor, the measurement of the frequency of the video signal S formed.
- the formed video signal is obtained by directly demodulating the radio signal S1 or S2 received by one sub-antenna by the radio signal S2 or S1 received by the other sub-antenna.
- the method according to the invention implements a monopulse phase antenna, comprising two sub-antennas whose phase centers are spaced apart by a distance d substantially equal to the width L of a sub-antenna.
- the estimation of the frequency of the formed video signal S is obtained by spectral analysis of this signal.
- the spectral analysis of the video signal S formed is carried out by FFT.
- the spectral analysis of the formed video signal S is performed by correlation with a replica of the emitted signal defined a priori.
- the replica used corresponds to the expected phase variation a priori between the signals S1 and S2 received by the two sub-antennas for a given frequency.
- the replica used corresponds to the phase and amplitude variations expected a priori for a given frequency and for the corresponding antenna pattern for each sub-antenna at this frequency.
- the antenna used is an antenna comprising a plurality of broadband sub-antennas arranged to form two-to-two interferometry bases, at least one of which an ambiguous measurement of the frequency of the transmitted radio signal, the ambiguity of the measurement being raised by associating this measurement with the measurements made by the other bases.
- a plurality of interferometry bases are used, arranged in a 360 ° plane about a central axis and rotating around this axis.
- the invention advantageously constitutes an inexpensive device which does not necessarily aim at obtaining a mean square precision. of the order of the MHz, to the extent that, depending on the application, a few tens of MHz may be sufficient.
- this low cost requirement makes it possible to look for solutions that can take advantage of a device performing another function in its own right.
- the invention lies precisely in this context. Indeed, it can be grafted free, that is to say without adding material, to a particular direction finding device.
- the device according to the invention can be used both to detect a signal, to estimate its frequency and its direction of arrival.
- FIG. 2 the block diagram of a simple embodiment of the reception chain used by the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 the spectrogram of the signal measured by the method according to the invention, obtained by spectral analysis by FFT of the signal S formed from the signals received by the sub-antennas constituting an unambiguous interferometry base;
- FIG. 5 the spectrogram of the signal measured, obtained by multi-replicative correlation spectral analysis of the signal S formed from the signals received by the sub-antennas constituting an unambiguous interferometry base;
- FIG. 6 the schematic illustration of an antenna forming an unambiguous interferometry base
- FIG. 7 the schematic illustration of an antenna forming a base ambiguous interferometry
- FIG. 8 a timing diagram of the signal measured from two sub-antennas arranged to form an ambiguous interferometry base such as that of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 the spectrogram of the measured signal, obtained by multi-replicative correlation spectral analysis of the signal S formed from the signals received by the sub-antennas constituting an ambiguous interferometry base such as that of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 10 the schematic illustration of an antenna consisting of two omnidirectional sub-antennas 101 and 102 in the plane of rotation, forming a particular ambiguous interferometry base case
- FIGS. 11 and 12 respectively the timing diagram and the spectrogram relating to the measurement of the emitted signal obtained from two sub-antennas arranged so as to form an ambiguous interferometry base such as that of FIG. 10;
- FIG. 15 an illustration of a particular interferometry base arrangement enabling an instantaneous measurement over 360 ° of the signals emitted by distant sources.
- FIG. 16 the block diagram of an application implementing the method according to the invention for making a coarse frequency measurement of the received signal, an unambiguous measurement associated with a precise but ambiguous measurement of the frequency of the signal received for to obtain in a simple manner a precise and unambiguous frequency measurement;
- FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating how, as a function of the true frequency of the received signal, the ambiguous frequency F 'obtained from the phasemeter associated with the means embodying the method according to the invention varies.
- the proposed solution consists, in principle, in using a rotating antenna comprising a plurality of distinct radiating subassemblies, at least two subassemblies, distant from each other, configured to receive the transmitted signals, each subset being configured to give rise to a separate receive channel.
- the subsets form a base for interferometry in rotation about an axis so as to cover a given angular range.
- the antenna according to the invention comprises two broadband channels, which give rise to obtaining after demodulation to a video signal in a band. narrow.
- the interferometry base consists of an antenna rotating around an axis of rotation 15 and comprising at least two sub-antennas 11 and 12 having remote phase centers. between them of a given length d.
- the frequency measurement method according to the invention mainly consists of knowing ⁇ moreover, to measure over time the phase difference between S1 and S2 to deduce ⁇ and therefore the frequency of the received signal.
- the invention is thus based on the constitution and the use of a base of interferometry in rotation about an axis 15 so as to cover a given angular range.
- the interferometry base consists of at least two broadband sub-antennas whose phase 1 1 and 12 centers are separated by a distance d. Each sub-antenna separately delivers a signal to the associated reception means.
- the invention then consists, in principle, of amplifying the radio signals from the two sub-antennas, of transposing each signal separately with respect to the same reference oscillator, and then of transposing the demodulated signals into video frequency. The phase difference between the two video signals obtained is then extracted to deduce the frequency of the received signal.
- the radio signals S1 and S2 received from the two sub-antennas 21 and 22 are directly demodulated 23 together, one demodulating signal the other, in analog form, in radiofrequency (RF ), so that a signal S is obtained in video frequency representative of the phase difference between S1 and S2.
- RF radiofrequency
- the advantage of this method is that it makes it possible to estimate the frequency of a signal whose frequency can be situated in a very wide range, for example between 2 and 18 GHz, without electronic means or important calculation means, the estimation of the frequency of the RF signal received by the sub-antennas being performed in video frequency on the signal S.
- the frequency F v of the video signal S thus obtained from the signals S1 and S2 is related to the frequency F of the radio signal received by the sub-antennas by a scale factor which, for a given antenna, is a function of the speed rotation of the antenna:
- F V F d / c sin (Qt) / t [2]
- c the propagation velocity of the waves (typically 3 10 8 m / s).
- the signal S resulting from the demodulation of the signals S1 and S2 by each other, corresponds to a sinusoidal section whose amplitude is modulated by the shape of the antenna lobe.
- FIG. 3 shows the shape 31 that the temporal signal S takes in this case
- FIG. 4 the result 41 of the frequency estimation of the signal S, obtained in the same case.
- the signal S considered here by way of example, is a signal resulting from the demodulation, by the other, of signals S1 and S2 received, for a sinusoidal emission at 9.87 GHz, by two sub-antennas of length 30cm whose phase centers are 30cm apart, the overall antenna being rotated at 1 turn / s.
- the spectral analysis of S is here carried out by FFT.
- the received signals S1 and S2 can undergo, before processing, before combining, several transposition operations in frequency, filtering and amplification.
- the signals S1 and S2 may, according to a particular embodiment, be separated into different subbands so as to increase the frequency discrimination capacity of the analysis performed.
- the frequency estimation process is performed, after digitization of the signal S, by multi-replication correlation 51 (in digital form), in accordance with FIG. to a suitable treatment.
- the correlation is carried out on the phase only.
- the operation performed for each replica considered is then the following: io Y k exp ((27rjdF k / c) sin (QiAt)) [4] or: k is the index of the correlation filter (ie the index of the replica 15 considered);
- F k is the frequency corresponding to the index filter k
- N is the total number of samples of the signal used for the correlation calculation
- ⁇ is the time interval between two successive samples
- S is the value of the demodulated signal at time i ⁇ ;
- Y k is the amplitude at the output of the rank correlation filter; this is the speed of propagation of the waves.
- the resolution (or the separating power) of the frequency estimator thus implemented can be evaluated by considering that the observation window of the signal is limited by the angular aperture at -3 dB of each sub. -antenna.
- the resolution of the device can be estimated as being substantially equal to the frequency of the observed signal.
- the estimation accuracy of the video frequency is 1.8 Hz, which corresponds to a theoretical accuracy. to estimate the frequency of the received signal by 285 MHz, taking into account the scale factor.
- the accuracy is 28.5 MHz
- the accuracy is advantageously independent of the frequency.
- the requirements concerning the accuracy of the estimation of the direction of arrival are generally independent of the frequency of the signal, it is advantageously possible to cover with the same antenna device a large frequency band, provided that said antennas are able to receive signals throughout this frequency band. It can also be seen that the resolution and the analysis accuracy are independent of the rotation speed ⁇ .
- the correlation can be performed on amplitude and phase simultaneously.
- the replica used for the correlation processing takes into account the shape of the antenna pattern corresponding to each frequency F k for which the correlation is performed.
- This variant advantageously makes it possible to reduce the secondary lobes present at the output of the correlation filter applied to the signal, the antenna diagram realizing an amplitude weighting function of the signal observation window. This advantageously makes it possible to reduce the estimation bias mentioned above as well as the measurement accuracy.
- the distance d separating the phase centers 71 and 72 of the sub-antennas 11 and 12 is chosen, as illustrated in FIG. 7, so as to be greater than the length L of a sub-antenna. In this way, the resolution and accuracy of the measurements made by the measuring method according to the invention can be advantageously increased.
- the improvement of the resolution can also be obtained by decreasing the length of each sub-antenna, that is to say by opening its radiation pattern.
- the limit case of such a solution is that of an interferometry base consisting of two omnidirectional sub-antennas 110 and 01 02 in the plane of rotation, whose phase centers are separated by a distance d, as As shown in FIG. 10.
- Such an implementation variant proves, in particular, advantageous when the range report does not require a large antenna gain.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show respectively the pace
- an antenna comprising three sub-antennas, as illustrated in FIG. 14, two identical and contiguous sub-antennas 141 and 142 constituting a first interferometry base 144 producing a first measurement ambiguously, and a third sub-antenna 143 identical to the first two and associated with one of them, to form a second interferometry base 145 making an ambiguous but more accurate measurement.
- the previously described treatments are applied in parallel on the two pairs of sub-antennas 144 and 145.
- the estimate obtained using the first pair makes it possible to determine a first unambiguous but rough estimate of frequency.
- the second pair provides several possible estimates of the frequency, because of the ambiguity.
- the estimate closest to that made by the first pair is considered valid.
- the principle can be extended by increasing the number of sub-antennas, and by associating these sub-antennas two by two so as to develop several independent measurements. The different estimates are then correlated with each other to derive the most likely direction of arrival. It should also be noted that, in the case where it is desired to increase the probability of interception of the device, it is possible, as illustrated in FIG. 15, to implement the invention by using several antennal bases 151 comprising at least two sub-antennas, to form a polyhedron consisting of fixed bases, the assembly rotating about an axis of central rotation 1 52, the resulting system can advantageously cover up to 360 ° instantly.
- each interferometry base 1 51 treats in an identical manner without overlap or with little overlap, a portion of the angular range to be monitored.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram in which the invention makes it possible to make a very precise frequency measurement, by adding a simple conventional line-to-delay frequency (LAR) frequency counter 1 61, of well structure known.
- LAR line-to-delay frequency
- the radio frequency signal received is taken from one of the two channels S1 or S2, in this case S2, after RF amplification.
- this signal is conveyed by two separate channels to the two inputs of a phasemeter 1 62, one of the channels is a direct channel, without delay, while the other channel is a delay inducing channel ⁇ .
- the measurement accuracy 1 63 of the frequency F of the RF signal determined by means of the method according to the invention is sufficient to determine, with a sufficient probability, the frequency band B n (the width of the band B n being equal to 1 / ⁇ ) in which the true frequency F of the RF signal is located, the combination of the unambiguous frequency measurement produced by the method according to the invention with the frequency measurement carried out by means of the frequency counter, precise but ambiguous measurement, advantageously allows to remove ambiguities and therefore to determine a frequency F "unambiguous and having the accuracy of F '.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112013019845A BR112013019845A2 (pt) | 2011-02-03 | 2012-01-26 | processo de medida de frequências de emissão por meio de um interferômetro rotativo |
EP12702004.8A EP2671089A1 (fr) | 2011-02-03 | 2012-01-26 | Procede de mesure de frequences d'emission au moyen d'un interferometre rotatif |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1100337 | 2011-02-03 | ||
FR1100337A FR2971340B1 (fr) | 2011-02-03 | 2011-02-03 | Procede de mesure de frequences d'emission au moyen d'un interferometre rotatif |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2012104201A1 true WO2012104201A1 (fr) | 2012-08-09 |
Family
ID=45560893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/051264 WO2012104201A1 (fr) | 2011-02-03 | 2012-01-26 | Procede de mesure de frequences d'emission au moyen d'un interferometre rotatif |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2671089A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112013019845A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2971340B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012104201A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8885782B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2014-11-11 | Thales | Device for broadband reception by autotransposition and application to the detection and characterization of radioelectric emissions |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9188657B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2015-11-17 | The Boeing Company | Systems and methods of transmitter location detection |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2840812A (en) | 1954-08-03 | 1958-06-24 | Giacomo Anthony J Di | Frequency measurement device |
US3886555A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1975-05-27 | Trw Inc | Radiating target direction finding system |
FR2269086A1 (fr) * | 1974-04-26 | 1975-11-21 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | |
FR2629213A1 (fr) | 1981-07-28 | 1989-09-29 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Radar a balayage de phase |
US5189429A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1993-02-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for ambiguity resolution in rotating interferometer |
US5373236A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1994-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Highly accurate zero crossings for frequency determination |
-
2011
- 2011-02-03 FR FR1100337A patent/FR2971340B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-01-26 BR BR112013019845A patent/BR112013019845A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-01-26 WO PCT/EP2012/051264 patent/WO2012104201A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-01-26 EP EP12702004.8A patent/EP2671089A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2840812A (en) | 1954-08-03 | 1958-06-24 | Giacomo Anthony J Di | Frequency measurement device |
US3886555A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1975-05-27 | Trw Inc | Radiating target direction finding system |
FR2269086A1 (fr) * | 1974-04-26 | 1975-11-21 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | |
FR2629213A1 (fr) | 1981-07-28 | 1989-09-29 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Radar a balayage de phase |
US5189429A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1993-02-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for ambiguity resolution in rotating interferometer |
US5373236A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1994-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Highly accurate zero crossings for frequency determination |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8885782B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2014-11-11 | Thales | Device for broadband reception by autotransposition and application to the detection and characterization of radioelectric emissions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112013019845A2 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
EP2671089A1 (fr) | 2013-12-11 |
FR2971340B1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 |
FR2971340A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 |
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