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WO2012062231A1 - Double acting displacer with separate hot and cold space and the heat engine with a double acting displacer - Google Patents

Double acting displacer with separate hot and cold space and the heat engine with a double acting displacer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012062231A1
WO2012062231A1 PCT/CZ2011/000108 CZ2011000108W WO2012062231A1 WO 2012062231 A1 WO2012062231 A1 WO 2012062231A1 CZ 2011000108 W CZ2011000108 W CZ 2011000108W WO 2012062231 A1 WO2012062231 A1 WO 2012062231A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cold
piston
hot
volume
working
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CZ2011/000108
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jiři LIBIŠ.
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2012062231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012062231A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
    • F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
    • F02G2244/54—Double acting piston machines having two-cylinder twin systems, with compression in one cylinder and expansion in the other cylinder for each of the twin systems, e.g. "Finkelstein" engines

Definitions

  • DOUBLE-ACTING DISPLACER WITH SEPARATED HOT AND COLD END AND HEAT ENGINE WITH DOUBLE-ACTING DISPLACER
  • the invention relates to a double-acting displacer with separated hot and cold end and heat engine with double-acting displacer operating on the principle of Stirling engine.
  • Stirling machine is one of the oldest principles of a heat engine.
  • its operation cycle consists of four phases.
  • the first of the phases is the compression of operation gas with an working piston with heat take-off under low temperature, so called isothermal process.
  • the second phase is the operation gas heating with constant volume, using the gas transfer by a displacer from the cold end to the hot end - so called isochoric process.
  • the third phase is the operation gas expansion used by the working piston for power take-off under high temperature with heat supply - so called isothermal process.
  • An the last, fourth phase relates to operation gas cooling with constant volume using gas transfer by the displacer from the hot end to the cold end - so called isochoric process.
  • the engine efficiency is set by the difference of hot and cold end temperatures and the engine ability to maximally approach the above- described ideal thermodynamic cycle.
  • Stirling engines are usually equipped with mechanisms arranging operation gas movement using a displacer, depending on working piston movement, the heater heat changer, regenerator, cooler heat exchanger and connecting piping.
  • the engine equipment with the above named mechanisms makes its construction more complicated.
  • the aim of the invention is to propose a ne and simplified construction of the displacer and the heat engine based on Stirling engine that can be used as a drive for cogeneration units or as a heat pump.
  • the solution according to this invention would also arrange efficient production of units with small output and it would eliminate all of the above described disadvantages.
  • a double-acting displacer consisting of the hot end and cold end, eliminates the above stated inadequacies.
  • a regenerator is placed between the hot and cold end and its hot end consists of a hot cylinder housing a hot piston and the first heater and the second heater, while the cold end consists of a cold cylinder housing the cold piston, the first cooler and the second cooler, where the hot end and the cold end are thermally and space separated, while the hot piston is connected with the cold piston, while the first volume of the hot cylinder is connected to the first heater connected with the first regenerator and the first cooler, which is further connected to the first cold volume of the cold cylinder, while the second hot volume of the hot cylinder is connected to the second heater connected with the second regenerator and the second cooler, which is further connected to the second volume of the cold cylinder.
  • the movable connection of the hot and cold cylinder using a clutch allows realisation of the working stroke or a part of it in the displacer cylinders.
  • the different surface of hot piston in relation to the surface of cold piston allows displacer driving in case of different pressures in the first and second volume.
  • the working cylinder with the working piston dividing the cylinder to the first working volume connected with the first volume of the displacer and the second working volume connected with the second volume of the displacer allow use of difference in pressures established in the displacer for realisation of the working cylinder working stroke.
  • Such a construction performs the heat engine.
  • the bumper mechanism placed between the working piston of the working cylinder and the cold piston of the displacer or the working piston of the working cylinder and the hot piston of the displacer allow driving the displacer by transfer of the working piston momentum.
  • the machine construction is simplified by replacement of the working cylinder with a clutch.
  • the advantages of the heat engine with a double-acting displacer with separated hot and cold end include an adjusted construction, and mainly the following;
  • Fig. 1 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine displacer
  • Fig. 2 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine with an working piston for the purposes of function description
  • Fig. 3 shows projected working phases of the engine together with graphs of the piston position and course of the operation gas pressure according to Fig. 2
  • the Fig. 4 shows the scheme of another variant realisation of the heat engine in the version with the connection of the hot piston rod and cold piston rod.
  • Fig. 5 shows projected working phases of the heat engine shown in Fig. 3
  • Fig. 6 shows the variant realisation of the flat heat engine with several piston rods and several working cylinders placed on the cold piston of the displacer
  • Fig. 1 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine displacer
  • Fig. 2 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine with an working piston for the purposes of function description
  • Fig. 3 shows projected working phases of the engine together with graphs of the piston position and course of the operation gas pressure according to Fig. 2
  • FIG. 6a shows the B-B section of the piston rod and regenerator
  • Fig. 6b shows a detail of the regenerator and the piston rod
  • Fig. 6c shows the ground plan of the flat heat engine
  • Fig. 7 shows the heat engine variant without the working piston, replaced with a clutch of the piston rod of the displacer
  • Fig. 7a shows the C-C section of the regenerator and the piston rod
  • Fig. 7b shows the detail of the regenerator and the piston rod
  • Fig. 7c shows the ground plan of the heat engine without the working piston
  • Fig. 8 shows the side view of the heat engine design with several piston rods and with the working piston inserted to the centre of the cold piston of the displacer
  • Fig. 8a shows the ground plan of the heat engine
  • Fig. 8 shows the ground plan of the heat engine
  • Fig. 8b a detail of the regenerator and the piston rod integrated to one unit.
  • Fig. 8c shows the A-A section of the regenerator and piton rods
  • Fig. 9 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer and working piston, where the drive of the displacer is solved by an independent engine
  • Fig. 10 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer and working piston, where the drive of the displacer is solved by a bumper mechanism for transfer of momentum from the working piston to the displacer
  • Fig. 11 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer, where the hot piston is connected to its motor generator and the cold piston is connected to its motor generator
  • Fig. 12 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer according to Fig. 4, extended in cooling cylinder.
  • the first volume 1 develops based on connection of the first hot volume 11., the first cold volume 2 ⁇ and possibly the first working volume 31 , together with dead volumes of the first heater 43, the first regenerator 41 and the first cooler with 45 together with volumes of their connection piping.
  • the second volume 2 develops based on connection of the second hot volume 12, the second cold volume 22 and possibly the second working volume 32 together with dead volumes of the second heater 44, the second regenerator 42 and the second cooler with 46 together with volumes of their connection piping.
  • the displacer consists of the hot cylinder 10, the cold cylinder 20. Inside of the hot cylinder 10 there is placed the hot piston 17 and inside of the cold cylinder 20 there is placed the cold piston 27.
  • the hot piston 17 is connected to the hot piston rod 19.
  • the cold piston 27 is connected to the cold piston rod 29. Both of the rods 19 and 29 are coupled. So the hot piston 17 movement corresponds with the cold piston 27 movement.
  • the hot piston 17 sets within the hot cylinder 10 the first hot volume 11 and the second hot volume 12.
  • the cold piston 27 sets within the cold cylinder 20 the first cold volume 21 and the second cold volume 22.
  • the first hot volume 1 is connected via the first heater 43, the first regenerator 41 and the first cooler 45, with the first cold volume 21.
  • the second hot volume 2 is connected via the second heater 44, the second regenerator 42 and the second cooler 46 to the second cold volume 22.
  • the hot end 4 of the heat engine consists of the hot cylinder 10, the first heater 43 and the second heater 44.
  • the cold end 5 of the heat engine consists of the cold cylinder 20, the first cooler 45 and the second cooler 46.
  • the composed regenerator 40 consists of the first regenerator 41 and the second regenerator 42.
  • the channels of the regenerators 4_1 and 42 are hermetically separated advantageously with a pipe wall, making the hot piston rod 19 or cold piston rod 29.
  • the heat engine in this design consists of the double-acting displacer 3.
  • the heat engine also consists of the working cylinder 30 equipped with working piston 37 and connected via the working piston rod 39 to the motor generator 6 (not shown in the figure).
  • the working piston 37 sets within the working cylinder 30 the first working volume 3_1 and the second working volume 32.
  • the first working volume 3J. is a part of the first volume ⁇ .
  • the second working volume 32 is a part of the second volume 2.
  • the first volume i is separated from the second volume 2.
  • the hot end 4 is kept on higher temperature thanks to heat supply.
  • the cold end 5 is kept on lower temperature thanks to heat removal.
  • the function of such an organised heat engine is a s follows.
  • the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 of the displacer displace the working gas.
  • the working gas In the first volume 1 the working gas is displaced from the cold cylinder 20 to the cold cylinder 10.
  • the pressure increases due to working gas heating influence.
  • the second volume 2 j the gas is displaced from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20.
  • the pressure In the second volume 2 the pressure decreases due to working gas cooling down.
  • the pressure difference is maximal. It is used by the lift of the working piston 37, performing work on the motor generator 6. After pressure balancing, the working piston 37 moves by momentum and the pressure difference reverses.
  • the cycle repeats with exchanged descriptions of the first volume 1 and the second volume 2.
  • the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer displace the working gas.
  • the working gas In the second volume 2 the working gas is displaced from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10.
  • the pressure increases due to influence of working gas heating.
  • the first volume l ⁇ the gas is displaced from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20.
  • the pressure In the first volume J the pressure decreases due to working gas cooling down.
  • the pressure difference is maximal. It is used by the working piston 37 stroke, performing the work on the generator. After the pressure balancing, the working piston 37 moves by momentum and the pressure difference reverses.
  • Phase A In the first volume l ⁇ the pressure is higher than in the second volume 2.
  • the working piston 37 is driven by the pressure difference in such a way that there increases the second volume 2 and reduces the first volume 1
  • the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases, while the pressure in the first volume increases 1.
  • the movement of the working piston 37 continues by inertia.
  • the pressure in the first volume l is then higher than the pressure in the second volume 2.
  • Phase B The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 move in such a way that the working gas in the first volume 1 moves from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10.
  • the working gas displaces from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20.
  • the first volume l ⁇ there increases the ratio of hot working gas towards cold working gas and pressure in the first volume 1_ increases.
  • the second volume 2 there increases the ratio of the cold working gas to the hot working gas and the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases.
  • Phase C In the first volume L the pressure is higher than. in the second volume 2.
  • the working piston 3 is driven by the pressure difference in such a way that there increases the first volume 1 and decreases the second volume 2.
  • the pressure in the first volume decreases 1 and it increases in the second volume 2.
  • the movement of the working piston 37 continues by inertia. Then, the volume in the second volume 2 is higher than the pressure in the first volume 1.
  • Phase D The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 move in such a way that the working gas in the second volume 2 moves from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10.
  • the working gas displaces from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20.
  • the second volume 2 ⁇ there increases the ratio of hot working gas towards cold working gas and pressure in the second volume 2 increases.
  • the first volume l ⁇ there increases the ratio of the cold working gas to the hot working gas and the pressure in the first volume _1 decreases.
  • FIG. 4 Another variant design of the heat engine with the clutch 7 of the hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston rod 29 is shown in Fig. 4
  • the function of the working cylinder 30 and the working piston 37 stroke is replaced with a mechanism, allowing change of mutual distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
  • a layout is allowed by the clutch 7 of the hot piston rod 19 with the cold piston rod 29 used for coupling of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
  • the volume of the working cylinder 30 is replaced with a part of the cold cylinder 20 volume or with a part of the hot cylinder 10 volume or a part of both of the volumes of both of the cylinders 20 and 10.
  • the mutual position of hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 is secured by a clutch 7. It is locked in the displacement transition and it holds the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 in constant distance. In the working stroke phase the clutch 7 unlocks and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 mutually move. In this way, the working stroke of the heat engine is performed. Within the transition phase it is possible to simultaneously perform the phase of working stroke, when the clutch 7 glides and allows partial mutual movement of both of the pistons 17 and 27 or it is possible for the transition phase to alternate several times with the working stroke phase in the course of one movement of pistons 17 and 27 of the displacer.
  • Phase A Cold piston 20 moves towards the hot piston 10.
  • the clutch 7 closes.
  • the cold piston 20 passes a part of its momentum and power to the hot piston 10. their mutual movement transfers the working gas in the first volume 1 to the cold cylinder 20 and in the second volume 2 to the hot cylinder 10.
  • the pressure of the first volume ⁇ decreases while it increases in the second volume 2,
  • Phase B The pressure in the second volume 2 is maximal.
  • the clutch 7 releases.
  • Mutual movement of the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 performs the working stroke.
  • the second volume 2 increases and its pressure decreases.
  • the first volume 1 decreases and its pressure increases.
  • Phase C The cold piston 27 moves away from the hot piston 17.
  • the clutch 7 closes.
  • the cold piston 27 passes a part of its momentum and energy to the hot piston 17.
  • Their mutual movement transports working gas in the second volume 2 to the cold cylinder 20 and in the first volume 1 to the hot cylinder 10.
  • the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases and it increases in the first volume 1.
  • Phase D The pressure in the first volume 1 is maximal.
  • the clutch 7 releases.
  • Mutual movement of the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 performs the working stroke.
  • the second volume 2 decreases and its pressure increases.
  • the relation of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer according to this invention can be performed in several variants.
  • the first variant of relation between the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer 3_of the heat engine is as follows.
  • the relation is created by the hot piston rod 19 coupled with the hot piston 17 and the cold piston rod 29 coupled with the cold piston 27.
  • the hot piston rod 19 is coupled with the cold piston rod 29. That arranges constant distance of the hot piston 10 and the cold piston 20 in all the phases in the course of the whole working cycle of the engine.
  • the clutch 7 allows mutual movement of the hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston rod 29.
  • the clutch 7 In the phase of transition the clutch 7 is locked and it keeps constant distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27. In the working stroke phase the clutch 7 releases and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 can ; mutually move in relation to each other.
  • the mechanical relation of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 may be replaced with electric relation using one motor generator 6 connected to the hot piston rod 19, and another motor generator 6 connected to the cold piston rod 29, as shown in Fig. 11.
  • the positions and speeds of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are individually set by the electronic control of the engine.
  • the electric relation allows complete mechanical separation of the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the heat engine. More, the independent control of hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 movement allows realisation of the working run of the engine within a wide extent of parameters from the heat engine function, when the heat energy is converted to electric, up to the function of a heat pump, when the electric power is consumed and heat is pumped from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or in opposite direction.
  • the drive of pistons 27 of the displacer according to this invention can be arranged in several ways and their combinations.
  • the first method of pistons driving is the use of difference in surfaces of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
  • the surface / area of the hot piston 17 is bigger than the cold piston surface 27, and the pressure in the first volume ⁇ differs from the pressure in the second volume 2, the sum of powers acting to all four working surfaces of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 non-zero. The resulting power then moves the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer.
  • the temperature of the hot end 4 is higher than the temperature of the cold end
  • the first volume 1. There increases the first hot volume 11 and the first cold volume 21 decreases. The share of working gas in the first hot volume 11 in relation to gas the first cold volume 21 increases. The first volume 1. increases. If the first volume increases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to heating) the pressure in the first volume ⁇ increases.
  • the second volume 2 There decreases the second hot volume 12 and the second cold volume 22 increases.
  • the share of working gas in the second hot volume 12 in relation to gas the second cold volume 22 decreases.
  • the second volume 2 decreases. If the second volume 2 decreases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to cooling), the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases.
  • the second volume 2 There increases the second hot volume 12 and the second cold volume 22 decreases.
  • the share of working gas in the second hot volume 12 in relation to gas in the second cold volume 22 increases.
  • the second volume 2 increases. If the second volume 2 increases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to heating) the pressure in the second volume 2 increases.
  • first volume 1 There decreases the first hot volume 11 and the first cold volume 21 increases.
  • the share of working gas in the first hot volume 11 in relation to gas in the first cold volume 21 decreases.
  • the first volume decreases. If the first volume 1 decreases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to cooling) the pressure in the first volume decreases.
  • the second way of pistons driving is the use of momentum transfer from the working piston 37.
  • the moving working piston 37 passes a part of its momentum and power to the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 using a bumper mechanism 9 as shown in Fig. 10 or a clutch 7 placed between the working piston 37 and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
  • the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 mutually hand over the momentum and energy using the clutch 7 depending on the engine working cycle phase.
  • the third way of driving is the use of an independent drive.
  • a drive may be arranged by an engine as shown in Fig. 9, a special working piston and possibly a drive from the working piston 37 e.g. using a crank shaft.
  • the difference in pressure during start may be reached:
  • the power of the engine connected with the first volume may be different compared to the power of engine connected with the second volume 2.
  • the useful output connected with one of the volumes 1 or 2 may also be zero.
  • the function of the hot cylinder 10 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons.
  • the function of the cold cylinder 20 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons.
  • the function of the working cylinder 30 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons.
  • the drive of the displacer 3, as described in Fig. 1 is secured by an independent engine 8, that may be connected to the cold piston rod 29..
  • the working piston 37 is Connected by the working piston rod 3 to the motor generator 6.
  • the heat engine may work as an engine motor, when the working piston 37 is driven by a motor generator 6 or as a heat pump when the working piston is driven by a motor generator 6.
  • the heat may be pumped from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or reversely depending on control of the working phase by an engine 8 and motor generator 6.
  • the heat engine of this design includes the hot piston 17, connected to the motor generator 6 of the hot piston 17.
  • the cold piston is connected to the motor generator 6 of the cold piston 27.
  • the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 are connected only by the piping of the working gas.
  • the motor generator 6 of the hot piston 17 drives or breaks the hot piston 17 and so it consumes or generates power.
  • the motor generator 6 of the cold piston 27 drives or breaks the cold piston 27 and so it consumes or generates power.
  • the engine may operate as an engine and it may generate power or it may operate as a heat pump and pump heat from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or in opposite direction.
  • FIG. 12 Another variant of the heat engine is shown in Fig. 12.
  • the engine works as a combined engine with the heat pump.
  • the hot piston 17 is placed on the common hot rod 19 with the cooling piston 117.
  • the cooling piston 117 is placed in the cooling cylinder 110.
  • the engine uses the heat gradient between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 and it pumps heat from the cooled end 104 to the cool end 5, while the layout of other parts is identical with layouts described in Fig. 4.
  • the engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 10 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14.
  • the hot piston 17 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by its edge.
  • the function of the hot membrane 18 is replaced with the flexibility of the hot piston 17.
  • the machine further consists of the flat cold cylinder 20 limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24.
  • the cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 with its edge.
  • the function of the cold membrane 28 is replaced with the flexibility of the cold piston 27.
  • the cold piston 27 houses the working cylinders 30, in which are housed the working pistons 37.
  • the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are connected by many hot piston rods 19 of constant length.
  • the hot piston rods 19 consist of tubes.
  • the first hot volume 1 is connected with the first cold volume 21 by channels to the first regenerator 41
  • the second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 by channels to the second regenerators 42.
  • the channels of the first regenerators 41 and channels of the second regenerators 42 are separated by tubes of hot piston rods 19.
  • the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the engine are separated by thermal insulation 50.
  • the working pistons 30 are connected with motor generators 6.
  • the first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transfers heat from the external space to the first hot volume 11.
  • the second hot wall 14 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission to the second hot volume 12.
  • the heat to the volume is transmitted from the outer space via the first hot wall 13 and the hot piston 17. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first hot wall 13 with the hot piston 17.
  • the first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler heat exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to the external space.
  • the second cold wall 24 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission from the second hot volume 24.
  • the heat from the volume is transmitted to the outer space via the first cold wall 23 and the cold piston 27. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first cold wall 23 with the cold piston 27.
  • FIG. 7 up to 7c Another possible design of the heat engine according to this invention is shown in Fig. 7 up to 7c.
  • the engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 10 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14
  • the hot piston 10 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by the hot membrane 18.
  • the machine further consists of tre flat cold cylinder 20 limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24.
  • the cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 with the cold membrane 28.
  • the hot piston rod 19 consists of a tube.
  • the first hot volume 11 is connected with the first cold volume 21 through channels of the first regenerator 41.
  • the second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 through channels of the second regenerator 42.
  • the channels of the first regenerator 41 and channels of the second regenerator 42 are separated by a tube of the hot piston rod 19.
  • the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the machine are separated by thermal insulation 50.
  • the first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the external space to the first hot volume 11.
  • the second hot wall 14 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the external space to the second hot volume 12.
  • the first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to external space.
  • the second cold wall 24 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the second cold volume 22 to external space.
  • the function of the working piston 30 in this design of the engine is replaced with a clutch 7 allowing change of mutual distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
  • the hot piston 17 is connected to the hot piston rod 19.
  • the hot piston rod 19 is further connected to the first segment of the clutch 7, while the second segment of the clutch 7 is connected to cold piston 27.
  • the hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston 27 are connected by the working membrane 38.
  • FIG. 8 One of possible designs of the heat engine according to this invention is shown in Fig. 8 up to Fig. 8c.
  • the engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 1 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14.
  • the hot piston 17 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by the hot membrane 18.
  • the machine further consists of the flat cold cylinder 20 simultaneously integrating the function of the working cylinder 30, limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24.
  • the cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 by a cold membrane 28.
  • the cold piston 27 and the working piston 37 are mutually connected by a flexible working membrane 38.
  • the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are connected by six hot piston rods 19 of constant length.
  • the piston rods 19 consist of tubes.
  • the first hot volume 11 is connected with the first cold volume 21 through channels of the first regenerators 41.
  • the second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 by channels of the second regenerators 42. Channels of the first regenerators 41 and channels of the second regenerators 42 are separated by tubes of hot piston rods 19.
  • the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the engine are separated by thermal insulation 50.
  • the working piston 30 is connected with the motor generator 6.
  • the first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the outer space to the first hot volume 11.
  • the second hot wall 14 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission to the second hot volume 12.
  • the heat to the volume is transmitted from the outer space via the first hot wall 13 and the hot piston 17. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first hot wall 13 with the hot piston 17.
  • the first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to external space.
  • the second cold wall 24 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission from the second hot volume 24.
  • Heat from the volume is dissipated to the outer space via the first cold wall 23 and the cold piston 27.
  • the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first cold wall 23 with the cold piston 27.
  • the heat engine in the above described versions can be used for transformation of heat energy to mechanical energy, which is further transformed to electric power or as a heat pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The double-acting displacer consisting of the hot end and the cold end, with a regenerator placed between them, while its hot end makes a hot cylinder housing a hot piston and the first heater and the second heater, while the cold end consists of a cold cylinder, housing the cold piston and the first cooler and the second cooler, where the hot end and the cold end are heat and space separated, while the hot piston is connected with the cold piston, when the first volume of the hot cylinder is connected to the first heater connected with the first regenerator and the first cooler, which is further connected to the first cold volume of the cold cylinder, while the second hot volume of the hot cylinder is connected to, the second heater connected with the second regenerator and the second cooler, which is further connected to the second cold volume of the cold cylinder. The working cylinder with the working piston dividing the cylinder to the first working volume connected with the first volume displacer and the second working volume connected with the second volume of the displacer allowing use of the difference in pressures developed in the displacer for realisation of the working stroke of the working cylinder, while such a construction performs the heat engine.

Description

DOUBLE-ACTING DISPLACER WITH SEPARATED HOT AND COLD END AND HEAT ENGINE WITH DOUBLE-ACTING DISPLACER
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-acting displacer with separated hot and cold end and heat engine with double-acting displacer operating on the principle of Stirling engine.
Contemporary State of the Art
Stirling machine is one of the oldest principles of a heat engine. In an ideal form, its operation cycle consists of four phases.. The first of the phases is the compression of operation gas with an working piston with heat take-off under low temperature, so called isothermal process. The second phase is the operation gas heating with constant volume, using the gas transfer by a displacer from the cold end to the hot end - so called isochoric process. The third phase is the operation gas expansion used by the working piston for power take-off under high temperature with heat supply - so called isothermal process. An the last, fourth phase relates to operation gas cooling with constant volume using gas transfer by the displacer from the hot end to the cold end - so called isochoric process. The engine efficiency is set by the difference of hot and cold end temperatures and the engine ability to maximally approach the above- described ideal thermodynamic cycle. Stirling engines are usually equipped with mechanisms arranging operation gas movement using a displacer, depending on working piston movement, the heater heat changer, regenerator, cooler heat exchanger and connecting piping. The engine equipment with the above named mechanisms makes its construction more complicated.
Their use is possible in electric power production using cogeneration units, their part being heat engines or heat pumps.
The necessity of electric power cogeneration in heat production in the place of its consumption rather requires cogeneration units with low output, as heat consumption I usually dispersed. Heat transport to significant distances is low efficient. It is beneficial to use units with maximally simple construction so as to reach low purchase and operation costs. Electric power is obtained by transfer from mechanical power using electromagnetic generators of various constructions.
Subject Matter of the Invention
The aim of the invention is to propose a ne and simplified construction of the displacer and the heat engine based on Stirling engine that can be used as a drive for cogeneration units or as a heat pump. The solution according to this invention would also arrange efficient production of units with small output and it would eliminate all of the above described disadvantages.
A double-acting displacer, consisting of the hot end and cold end, eliminates the above stated inadequacies. A regenerator is placed between the hot and cold end and its hot end consists of a hot cylinder housing a hot piston and the first heater and the second heater, while the cold end consists of a cold cylinder housing the cold piston, the first cooler and the second cooler, where the hot end and the cold end are thermally and space separated, while the hot piston is connected with the cold piston, while the first volume of the hot cylinder is connected to the first heater connected with the first regenerator and the first cooler, which is further connected to the first cold volume of the cold cylinder, while the second hot volume of the hot cylinder is connected to the second heater connected with the second regenerator and the second cooler, which is further connected to the second volume of the cold cylinder.
For arrangement of joint movement of both of the displacer pistons it is advantageous for the hot piston and the cold piston to be fastened together in a constant distance.
The movable connection of the hot and cold cylinder using a clutch allows realisation of the working stroke or a part of it in the displacer cylinders.
The different surface of hot piston in relation to the surface of cold piston allows displacer driving in case of different pressures in the first and second volume.
The working cylinder with the working piston dividing the cylinder to the first working volume connected with the first volume of the displacer and the second working volume connected with the second volume of the displacer allow use of difference in pressures established in the displacer for realisation of the working cylinder working stroke. Such a construction performs the heat engine.
The bumper mechanism placed between the working piston of the working cylinder and the cold piston of the displacer or the working piston of the working cylinder and the hot piston of the displacer allow driving the displacer by transfer of the working piston momentum.
The machine construction is simplified by replacement of the working cylinder with a clutch.
The advantages of the heat engine with a double-acting displacer with separated hot and cold end include an adjusted construction, and mainly the following;
• It is not necessary to use the crank mechanism, bearings, plugs.
• The flow parts of the machine are short.
• Other construction parts of the machine are used as the regenerator mass.
• The cylinder walls serve as heat exchangers;
List of Figures in Drawings
The invention will be explained in detail using a drawing, where Fig. 1 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine displacer, Fig. 2 shows the scheme of basic variant of the heat engine with an working piston for the purposes of function description, Fig. 3 shows projected working phases of the engine together with graphs of the piston position and course of the operation gas pressure according to Fig. 2, the Fig. 4 shows the scheme of another variant realisation of the heat engine in the version with the connection of the hot piston rod and cold piston rod. Fig. 5 shows projected working phases of the heat engine shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 6 shows the variant realisation of the flat heat engine with several piston rods and several working cylinders placed on the cold piston of the displacer, Fig. 6a shows the B-B section of the piston rod and regenerator, Fig. 6b shows a detail of the regenerator and the piston rod, Fig. 6c shows the ground plan of the flat heat engine, Fig. 7 shows the heat engine variant without the working piston, replaced with a clutch of the piston rod of the displacer, Fig. 7a shows the C-C section of the regenerator and the piston rod, Fig. 7b shows the detail of the regenerator and the piston rod, Fig. 7c shows the ground plan of the heat engine without the working piston, Fig. 8 shows the side view of the heat engine design with several piston rods and with the working piston inserted to the centre of the cold piston of the displacer, Fig. 8a shows the ground plan of the heat engine, Fig. 8b a detail of the regenerator and the piston rod integrated to one unit. Fig. 8c shows the A-A section of the regenerator and piton rods, Fig. 9 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer and working piston, where the drive of the displacer is solved by an independent engine, Fig. 10 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer and working piston, where the drive of the displacer is solved by a bumper mechanism for transfer of momentum from the working piston to the displacer, Fig. 11 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer, where the hot piston is connected to its motor generator and the cold piston is connected to its motor generator, Fig. 12 shows the scheme of the heat engine with double-acting displacer according to Fig. 4, extended in cooling cylinder.
Sample Version Description
The given examples show sample variants of double-acting displacer design with separated hot and cold space of the heat engine with the double-acting displacer, but they have no limiting influence from the point of view of protection.
Definition of the first volume
The first volume 1 develops based on connection of the first hot volume 11., the first cold volume 2Λ and possibly the first working volume 31 , together with dead volumes of the first heater 43, the first regenerator 41 and the first cooler with 45 together with volumes of their connection piping.
Definition of the second volume 2.
The second volume 2 develops based on connection of the second hot volume 12, the second cold volume 22 and possibly the second working volume 32 together with dead volumes of the second heater 44, the second regenerator 42 and the second cooler with 46 together with volumes of their connection piping.
Definition of double-acting displacer 3, shown in Fig. 1.
The displacer consists of the hot cylinder 10, the cold cylinder 20. Inside of the hot cylinder 10 there is placed the hot piston 17 and inside of the cold cylinder 20 there is placed the cold piston 27. The hot piston 17 is connected to the hot piston rod 19. The cold piston 27 is connected to the cold piston rod 29. Both of the rods 19 and 29 are coupled. So the hot piston 17 movement corresponds with the cold piston 27 movement. The hot piston 17 sets within the hot cylinder 10 the first hot volume 11 and the second hot volume 12. The cold piston 27 sets within the cold cylinder 20 the first cold volume 21 and the second cold volume 22. The first hot volume 1 is connected via the first heater 43, the first regenerator 41 and the first cooler 45, with the first cold volume 21. The second hot volume 2 is connected via the second heater 44, the second regenerator 42 and the second cooler 46 to the second cold volume 22.
Definition of hot end 4.
The hot end 4 of the heat engine consists of the hot cylinder 10, the first heater 43 and the second heater 44.
Definition of cold end 5.
The cold end 5 of the heat engine consists of the cold cylinder 20, the first cooler 45 and the second cooler 46.
Definition of composed regenerator 40.
The composed regenerator 40 consists of the first regenerator 41 and the second regenerator 42. The channels of the regenerators 4_1 and 42 are hermetically separated advantageously with a pipe wall, making the hot piston rod 19 or cold piston rod 29.
The function of the double-acting displacer according to Fig. 1 will be described in the general design of the heat engine with the double-acting displacer and separated hot and cold end.
The general design of the heat engine with the double-acting displacer and separated hot and cold end is shown in Fig. 2.
The heat engine in this design consists of the double-acting displacer 3. The heat engine also consists of the working cylinder 30 equipped with working piston 37 and connected via the working piston rod 39 to the motor generator 6 (not shown in the figure).
The working piston 37 sets within the working cylinder 30 the first working volume 3_1 and the second working volume 32. The first working volume 3J. is a part of the first volume Λ . The second working volume 32 is a part of the second volume 2. The first volume i is separated from the second volume 2.
The hot end 4 is kept on higher temperature thanks to heat supply. The cold end 5 is kept on lower temperature thanks to heat removal.
The function of such an organised heat engine is a s follows. The hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 of the displacer displace the working gas. In the first volume 1 the working gas is displaced from the cold cylinder 20 to the cold cylinder 10. In the first volume i the pressure increases due to working gas heating influence. In the second volume 2j the gas is displaced from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20. In the second volume 2 the pressure decreases due to working gas cooling down. In the limit position of th double-acting displacer 3 the pressure difference is maximal. It is used by the lift of the working piston 37, performing work on the motor generator 6. After pressure balancing, the working piston 37 moves by momentum and the pressure difference reverses.
The cycle repeats with exchanged descriptions of the first volume 1 and the second volume 2.
The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer displace the working gas. In the second volume 2 the working gas is displaced from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10. In the second volume 2j the pressure increases due to influence of working gas heating. In the first volume l^ the gas is displaced from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20. In the first volume J the pressure decreases due to working gas cooling down. In the limit position of the double-acting displacer 3 the pressure difference is maximal. It is used by the working piston 37 stroke, performing the work on the generator. After the pressure balancing, the working piston 37 moves by momentum and the pressure difference reverses.
The operation phases of the heat engine are shown in Fig. 3 and they are described as follows:
Phase A: In the first volume l^ the pressure is higher than in the second volume 2. The working piston 37 is driven by the pressure difference in such a way that there increases the second volume 2 and reduces the first volume 1 The pressure in the second volume 2 decreases, while the pressure in the first volume increases 1. After balancing the pressures, the movement of the working piston 37 continues by inertia. The pressure in the first volume l is then higher than the pressure in the second volume 2.
Phase B: The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 move in such a way that the working gas in the first volume 1 moves from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10. In the second volume 2^ the working gas displaces from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20. In the first volume l^ there increases the ratio of hot working gas towards cold working gas and pressure in the first volume 1_ increases. In the second volume 2, there increases the ratio of the cold working gas to the hot working gas and the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases.
Phase C: In the first volume L the pressure is higher than. in the second volume 2. The working piston 3 is driven by the pressure difference in such a way that there increases the first volume 1 and decreases the second volume 2. The pressure in the first volume decreases 1 and it increases in the second volume 2. After pressure balancing, the movement of the working piston 37 continues by inertia. Then, the volume in the second volume 2 is higher than the pressure in the first volume 1.
Phase D: The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 move in such a way that the working gas in the second volume 2 moves from the cold cylinder 20 to the hot cylinder 10. In the first volume the working gas displaces from the hot cylinder 10 to the cold cylinder 20. In the second volume 2^ there increases the ratio of hot working gas towards cold working gas and pressure in the second volume 2 increases. In the first volume l^ there increases the ratio of the cold working gas to the hot working gas and the pressure in the first volume _1 decreases.
Another variant design of the heat engine with the clutch 7 of the hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston rod 29 is shown in Fig. 4
In this variant design* the function of the working cylinder 30 and the working piston 37 stroke is replaced with a mechanism, allowing change of mutual distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27. Such a layout is allowed by the clutch 7 of the hot piston rod 19 with the cold piston rod 29 used for coupling of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27. Then, the volume of the working cylinder 30 is replaced with a part of the cold cylinder 20 volume or with a part of the hot cylinder 10 volume or a part of both of the volumes of both of the cylinders 20 and 10.
The function of such an organised heat engine is as follows:
The mutual position of hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 is secured by a clutch 7. It is locked in the displacement transition and it holds the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 in constant distance. In the working stroke phase the clutch 7 unlocks and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 mutually move. In this way, the working stroke of the heat engine is performed. Within the transition phase it is possible to simultaneously perform the phase of working stroke, when the clutch 7 glides and allows partial mutual movement of both of the pistons 17 and 27 or it is possible for the transition phase to alternate several times with the working stroke phase in the course of one movement of pistons 17 and 27 of the displacer.
The working cycle of the engine with the clutch is shown in Fig. 5 and the working phases of the heat engine with the clutch are consequently described as follows.
Phase A: Cold piston 20 moves towards the hot piston 10. The clutch 7 closes. The cold piston 20 passes a part of its momentum and power to the hot piston 10. their mutual movement transfers the working gas in the first volume 1 to the cold cylinder 20 and in the second volume 2 to the hot cylinder 10. The pressure of the first volume Λ decreases while it increases in the second volume 2,
Phase B: The pressure in the second volume 2 is maximal. The clutch 7 releases. Mutual movement of the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 performs the working stroke. The second volume 2 increases and its pressure decreases. The first volume 1 decreases and its pressure increases.
Phase C: The cold piston 27 moves away from the hot piston 17. The clutch 7 closes. The cold piston 27 passes a part of its momentum and energy to the hot piston 17. Their mutual movement transports working gas in the second volume 2 to the cold cylinder 20 and in the first volume 1 to the hot cylinder 10. The pressure in the second volume 2 decreases and it increases in the first volume 1.
Phase D: The pressure in the first volume 1 is maximal. The clutch 7 releases. Mutual movement of the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 performs the working stroke. The second volume 2 decreases and its pressure increases. The relation of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer according to this invention can be performed in several variants.
The first variant of relation between the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer 3_of the heat engine is as follows.
The relation is created by the hot piston rod 19 coupled with the hot piston 17 and the cold piston rod 29 coupled with the cold piston 27. The hot piston rod 19 is coupled with the cold piston rod 29. That arranges constant distance of the hot piston 10 and the cold piston 20 in all the phases in the course of the whole working cycle of the engine.
The second variant of relation between the pistons of the displacer of a heat engine is as follows.
The clutch 7 allows mutual movement of the hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston rod 29.
In the phase of transition the clutch 7 is locked and it keeps constant distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27. In the working stroke phase the clutch 7 releases and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 can; mutually move in relation to each other.
The mechanical relation of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 may be replaced with electric relation using one motor generator 6 connected to the hot piston rod 19, and another motor generator 6 connected to the cold piston rod 29, as shown in Fig. 11. The positions and speeds of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are individually set by the electronic control of the engine.
The electric relation allows complete mechanical separation of the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the heat engine. More, the independent control of hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 movement allows realisation of the working run of the engine within a wide extent of parameters from the heat engine function, when the heat energy is converted to electric, up to the function of a heat pump, when the electric power is consumed and heat is pumped from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or in opposite direction.
The drive of pistons 27 of the displacer according to this invention can be arranged in several ways and their combinations.
The first method of pistons driving is the use of difference in surfaces of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
If the surface / area of the hot piston 17 is bigger than the cold piston surface 27, and the pressure in the first volume Λ differs from the pressure in the second volume 2, the sum of powers acting to all four working surfaces of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 non-zero. The resulting power then moves the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer.
The temperature of the hot end 4 is higher than the temperature of the cold end
5.
In case that the pressure in the first volume 1. is higher than in the second volume
2:
For the first volume 1. - There increases the first hot volume 11 and the first cold volume 21 decreases. The share of working gas in the first hot volume 11 in relation to gas the first cold volume 21 increases. The first volume 1. increases. If the first volume increases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to heating) the pressure in the first volume† increases.
For the second volume 2 - There decreases the second hot volume 12 and the second cold volume 22 increases. The share of working gas in the second hot volume 12 in relation to gas the second cold volume 22 decreases. The second volume 2 decreases. If the second volume 2 decreases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to cooling), the pressure in the second volume 2 decreases.
For the case of pressure in the second volume 2 to be higher than in the the first volume V.
For the second volume 2 - There increases the second hot volume 12 and the second cold volume 22 decreases. The share of working gas in the second hot volume 12 in relation to gas in the second cold volume 22 increases. The second volume 2 increases. If the second volume 2 increases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to heating) the pressure in the second volume 2 increases.
For the first volume 1 - There decreases the first hot volume 11 and the first cold volume 21 increases. The share of working gas in the first hot volume 11 in relation to gas in the first cold volume 21 decreases. The first volume decreases. If the first volume 1 decreases more slowly than the volume of working gas (due to cooling) the pressure in the first volume decreases.
The second way of pistons driving is the use of momentum transfer from the working piston 37.
The moving working piston 37 passes a part of its momentum and power to the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 using a bumper mechanism 9 as shown in Fig. 10 or a clutch 7 placed between the working piston 37 and the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27.
In the second variant of the engine, the hot piston 17 and cold piston 27 mutually hand over the momentum and energy using the clutch 7 depending on the engine working cycle phase.
The third way of driving is the use of an independent drive. Such a drive may be arranged by an engine as shown in Fig. 9, a special working piston and possibly a drive from the working piston 37 e.g. using a crank shaft.
An example of the mode of starting the engine equipped with a displacer driven by the difference of surfaces of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 of the displacer. There is a possibility of combination with a different way of driving.
The difference in pressure during start may be reached:
1. by change of temperature of the hot end 4 under pre-assumption of different the first volume Λ and second volume 2. The working piston 37 must be blocked up to the start so as the pressures do not balance by its movement.
2. by change of temperature of the cold end 5 under the same pre-assumption as in point 1.
3. by movement of the working piston 37 using a motor generator 6 or some other engine.
4. by taking a part of the working gas from the outside to the first volume Λ or to the second volume 2.
5. by taking a part of the working gas to the outside from the first volume 1 or from the second volume 3.
6. by movement of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 or only one piston of the displacer 3 and the cold piston 27 using a special engine.
7. by inertial movement of the hot piston 17, the cold piston 27 or the working piston 37 after putting the whole engine into movement or putting the whole engine to rest.
The power of the engine connected with the first volume may be different compared to the power of engine connected with the second volume 2. The useful output connected with one of the volumes 1 or 2 may also be zero.
The function of the hot cylinder 10 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons. The function of the cold cylinder 20 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons. The function of the working cylinder 30 may replace even several cylinders with several pistons.
The variant scheme of the heat engine is shown in Fig. 9.
The drive of the displacer 3, as described in Fig. 1 , is secured by an independent engine 8, that may be connected to the cold piston rod 29.. The working piston 37 is Connected by the working piston rod 3 to the motor generator 6. The heat engine may work as an engine motor, when the working piston 37 is driven by a motor generator 6 or as a heat pump when the working piston is driven by a motor generator 6. The heat may be pumped from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or reversely depending on control of the working phase by an engine 8 and motor generator 6.
Another variant scheme of the heat engine can be seen in Fig. 10.
On the drive of the displacer 3, described in Fig. 1 , participates the working piston 37, which uses the bumper mechanism 9 for passing a part of its momentum to the cold piston 27 and hot piston 17, while the bumper mechanism 9 shown in Fig. 10 may be advantageously replaced with a clutch 7.
Another variant scheme of the heat engine is shown in Fig. 11. The heat engine of this design includes the hot piston 17, connected to the motor generator 6 of the hot piston 17. The cold piston is connected to the motor generator 6 of the cold piston 27. The hot end 4 and the cold end 5 are connected only by the piping of the working gas. The motor generator 6 of the hot piston 17 drives or breaks the hot piston 17 and so it consumes or generates power. The motor generator 6 of the cold piston 27 drives or breaks the cold piston 27 and so it consumes or generates power. Depending on control of the working phase of the hot piston 17 and the control of the phase of cold piston 27 the engine may operate as an engine and it may generate power or it may operate as a heat pump and pump heat from the cold end 5 to the hot end 4 or in opposite direction.
Another variant of the heat engine is shown in Fig. 12.
The engine works as a combined engine with the heat pump. The hot piston 17 is placed on the common hot rod 19 with the cooling piston 117. The cooling piston 117 is placed in the cooling cylinder 110. The engine uses the heat gradient between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5 and it pumps heat from the cooled end 104 to the cool end 5, while the layout of other parts is identical with layouts described in Fig. 4.
One of the possible designs of the heat engine according to this invention is shown in Fig. 6 up to Fig. 6c.
The engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 10 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14. The hot piston 17 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by its edge. The function of the hot membrane 18 is replaced with the flexibility of the hot piston 17.
The machine further consists of the flat cold cylinder 20 limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24. The cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 with its edge. The function of the cold membrane 28 is replaced with the flexibility of the cold piston 27.
The cold piston 27 houses the working cylinders 30, in which are housed the working pistons 37.
The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are connected by many hot piston rods 19 of constant length. The hot piston rods 19 consist of tubes. The first hot volume 1 is connected with the first cold volume 21 by channels to the first regenerator 41 The second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 by channels to the second regenerators 42. The channels of the first regenerators 41 and channels of the second regenerators 42 are separated by tubes of hot piston rods 19.
The hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the engine are separated by thermal insulation 50. The working pistons 30 are connected with motor generators 6.
The first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transfers heat from the external space to the first hot volume 11. The second hot wall 14 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission to the second hot volume 12. The heat to the volume is transmitted from the outer space via the first hot wall 13 and the hot piston 17. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first hot wall 13 with the hot piston 17.
The first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler heat exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to the external space. The second cold wall 24 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission from the second hot volume 24. The heat from the volume is transmitted to the outer space via the first cold wall 23 and the cold piston 27. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first cold wall 23 with the cold piston 27.
Another possible design of the heat engine according to this invention is shown in Fig. 7 up to 7c.
The engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 10 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 The hot piston 10 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by the hot membrane 18.
The machine further consists of tre flat cold cylinder 20 limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24. The cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 with the cold membrane 28. The hot piston rod 19 consists of a tube. The first hot volume 11 is connected with the first cold volume 21 through channels of the first regenerator 41. The second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 through channels of the second regenerator 42. The channels of the first regenerator 41 and channels of the second regenerator 42 are separated by a tube of the hot piston rod 19. The hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the machine are separated by thermal insulation 50.
The first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the external space to the first hot volume 11. The second hot wall 14 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the external space to the second hot volume 12.
The first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to external space. The second cold wall 24 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the second cold volume 22 to external space.
The function of the working piston 30 in this design of the engine is replaced with a clutch 7 allowing change of mutual distance of the hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27. The hot piston 17 is connected to the hot piston rod 19. The hot piston rod 19 is further connected to the first segment of the clutch 7, while the second segment of the clutch 7 is connected to cold piston 27. The hot piston rod 19 and the cold piston 27 are connected by the working membrane 38.
One of possible designs of the heat engine according to this invention is shown in Fig. 8 up to Fig. 8c.
The engine in this version consists of a flat hot cylinder 1 limited by the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14. The hot piston 17 is connected with the first hot wall 13 and the second hot wall 14 by the hot membrane 18.
The machine further consists of the flat cold cylinder 20 simultaneously integrating the function of the working cylinder 30, limited by the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24. The cold piston 27 is connected with the first cold wall 23 and the second cold wall 24 by a cold membrane 28.
The cold piston 27 and the working piston 37 are mutually connected by a flexible working membrane 38. The hot piston 17 and the cold piston 27 are connected by six hot piston rods 19 of constant length. The piston rods 19 consist of tubes. The first hot volume 11 is connected with the first cold volume 21 through channels of the first regenerators 41. The second hot volume 12 is connected with the second cold volume 22 by channels of the second regenerators 42. Channels of the first regenerators 41 and channels of the second regenerators 42 are separated by tubes of hot piston rods 19. The hot end 4 and the cold end 5 of the engine are separated by thermal insulation 50. The working piston 30 is connected with the motor generator 6.
The first hot wall 13 serves as the heat exchanger and it transmits heat from the outer space to the first hot volume 11. The second hot wall 14 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission to the second hot volume 12. The heat to the volume is transmitted from the outer space via the first hot wall 13 and the hot piston 17. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first hot wall 13 with the hot piston 17.
The first cold wall 23 serves as the cooler exchanger and it dissipates heat from the first cold volume 21 to external space. The second cold wall 24 is turned with its outer part to thermal insulation 50 between the hot end 4 and the cold end 5. That is why it can not serve for heat transmission from the second hot volume 24. Heat from the volume is dissipated to the outer space via the first cold wall 23 and the cold piston 27. Ideally, the heat transmission is arranged by direct touch of the first cold wall 23 with the cold piston 27.
Industrial Application
The heat engine in the above described versions can be used for transformation of heat energy to mechanical energy, which is further transformed to electric power or as a heat pump.

Claims

. Double-acting displacer (3) divided to the hot end (4) with hot cylinder (10), housing the hot piston (17) and the cold end (5) with the cold cylinder (20), housing the cold piston (27), with the regenerator (40) placed between them, and than the first heater (43) and the second heater (44), and than the first cooler (45) and the second cooler (46), where the hot end (4) and the cold end (5) are heat and space separated, while the hot piston (17) is connected with the cold piston (27), characterised by the fact that the first volume (11) of the hot cylinder (10) is connected to the first heater (43) connected with the first regenerator (41) and the first cooler (45), which is further connected to the first cold volume (21) of the cold cylinder (20), while the second hot volume (12) of the hot cylinder ( 0) is connected to the second heater (44) connected with the second regenerator (42) and the second cooler (46), which is further connected to the second cold volume (22) of the cold cylinder (20).
2. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the hot piston (17) and the cold piston (27) are coupled in a constant distance in relation to each other.
3. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the first heater (43) and/or the second heater (44) consists of the wall of the hot cylinder (10) or connecting piping.
4. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the first cooler (45) and/or the second cooler (46) consists of the wall of the cold cylinder (20) or connecting piping.
5. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the first regenerator (41) and/or the second regenerator (42) consists of the connecting piping.
6. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the hot piston (17) and the cold piston (27) are movably connected by a clutch (7).
7. Double-acting displacer according to claim 1 characterised by the fact that the hot piston (17) surface is different than the cold piston (27) surface.
8. The heat engine with the double-acting displacer (3), according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that at least one working cylinder (30) equipped with the working piston (37) has the first working volume (31) connected with the first volume (1) of the double-acting displacer (3), while the first volume (1) of double- acting displacer (3) make together the first hot volume (11) and the first cold volume (21) and the volume of the first heater (43) and the first regenerator (41) and the first cooler (45), while the second working volume (32) of the working cylinder (30) is connected with the second volume (2) of the double-acting displacer (3), while the second volume (2) of the double-acting displacer (3) make together on the one hand the second hot volume (12) and the second cold volume (22) and on the other hand the volumes of the second heater (44), the second regenerator (42) and the second cooler (46).
9. The heat engine according to claim 8, characterised by the fact that between the working piston (37) and the cold piston (27) there is placed the bumper mechanism (9) or it is placed between the working piston (37) and the hot piston (17).
10. The heat engine according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the hot piston ( 7) and the cold piston (27) are movably connected with a clutch (7).
1. The heat engine according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the hot piston (17) and the cold piston (27) are connected by several piston rods (19), that are hollow, where the connection of the first hot volume (11) and the first cold volume (21) leads inside of the piston rods (19) and the connection of the second hot volume (12) and the second cold volume (22) leads outside of the piston rods (19) and one or several working pistons (37) may be placed in the area of the cold piston (27) and one or several working pistons (37) may be placed in the area of the hot piston (17) and or several working pistons (37) may be placed next to the cold piston (27) and one or several working pistons (37) may be placed next to the hot piston (17).
PCT/CZ2011/000108 2010-11-09 2011-11-09 Double acting displacer with separate hot and cold space and the heat engine with a double acting displacer Ceased WO2012062231A1 (en)

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CZPV2010-812 2010-11-09

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WO2014023586A1 (en) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-13 Boostheat Device for compressing a gaseous fluid
WO2014023722A3 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-05-01 Majoros István Heat engine and thermodynamic cycle for converting heat into useful work
CN105840343A (en) * 2016-05-26 2016-08-10 江苏源之翼电气有限公司 Efficient double-piston hot-air engine
US20180023508A1 (en) * 2016-07-22 2018-01-25 Ali Javaherpour Two Cylinder Double Acting Stirling Engine
WO2019012490A1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 Daniel Brown Double-acting stirling engines with optimal parameters and waveforms
EP4249745A3 (en) * 2019-05-21 2023-12-06 Hyliion Holdings Corp. System and apparatus for energy conversion

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WO2014023722A3 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-05-01 Majoros István Heat engine and thermodynamic cycle for converting heat into useful work
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WO2019012490A1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 Daniel Brown Double-acting stirling engines with optimal parameters and waveforms
EP4249745A3 (en) * 2019-05-21 2023-12-06 Hyliion Holdings Corp. System and apparatus for energy conversion

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