WO2012056776A1 - 分光器におけるチルト補正方法 - Google Patents
分光器におけるチルト補正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056776A1 WO2012056776A1 PCT/JP2011/066925 JP2011066925W WO2012056776A1 WO 2012056776 A1 WO2012056776 A1 WO 2012056776A1 JP 2011066925 W JP2011066925 W JP 2011066925W WO 2012056776 A1 WO2012056776 A1 WO 2012056776A1
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- tilt
- movable mirror
- light
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- mirror
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0237—Adjustable, e.g. focussing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J3/453—Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes
- G01J3/4535—Devices with moving mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/0858—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting means being moved or deformed by piezoelectric means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tilt correction method for correcting a tilt error between reflected light from a movable mirror and reflected light from a fixed mirror in a spectroscope.
- the infrared light emitted from the light source is divided into two directions, a fixed mirror and a moving mirror, by a beam splitter, and the fixed mirror and the moving mirror respectively.
- a configuration is adopted in which the light reflected and returned is combined into one optical path by the beam splitter.
- the moving mirror is moved back and forth (in the direction of the optical axis of the incident light)
- the optical path difference between the two divided beams changes, so the intensity of the combined light changes according to the amount of movement of the moving mirror.
- Interference light Interference light (interferogram). By sampling this interferogram and performing AD conversion and Fourier transform, the spectral distribution of the incident light can be obtained, and the intensity of the interference light for each wave number (1 / wavelength) can be obtained from this spectral distribution. .
- the interference state is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the fixed mirror and performing tilt correction before the spectroscopic measurement. It is possible to recover.
- JP 2004-28609 A (refer to claim 1, paragraphs [0016] to [0020])
- tilt errors there are two types of tilt errors.
- One is an initial tilt error before spectroscopic measurement, which includes a tilt error caused by a change with time, an impact, and a vibration, and a tilt error caused by expansion and contraction of a member when the temperature changes.
- the other is a tilt error that occurs when the movable mirror is driven in translation during spectroscopic measurement.
- the initial tilt error before the spectroscopic measurement is corrected, but the initial tilt error is corrected in two stages (see paragraphs [0016] and [0017]).
- the amplitude is maximized while detecting the amplitude of the output from each split element when the laser interference light (laser fringe) is detected by the photodetector (four-divided sensor). Tilt the fixed mirror in the prescribed procedure.
- the position of the fixed mirror with the maximum amplitude is found, as a second step, this time, the position of the fixed mirror is again determined based on the phase difference of the output from each of the dividing elements with the position as the center. adjust.
- each light receiving area of each of the divided elements is naturally smaller than the light receiving area of the entire four-divided sensor. Therefore, in the output of each divided element, the amplitude (contrast) with respect to the change in tilt (tilt amount) of the fixed mirror. Is larger than the amount of change in amplitude in the output (sum of the outputs of the four divided elements) obtained when the entire four-divided sensor is regarded as one sensor.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem that when the initial tilt error is large, the large initial tilt error cannot be corrected.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tilt that can reliably correct a large initial tilt error even when the initial tilt error before spectroscopic measurement is large. It is to provide a correction method.
- the tilt correction method of the present invention is a tilt correction method for correcting a tilt error between reflected light from a movable mirror and reflected light from a fixed mirror in a spectroscope.
- An initial adjustment step including a coarse adjustment step for detecting and correcting a tilt error; a fine adjustment step for detecting and correcting the initial tilt error more finely than the coarse adjustment step; and And a dynamic alignment step of detecting and correcting a tilt error of the both reflected light caused by the movement.
- the coarse adjustment step the laser light is separated into two and guided to the movable mirror and the fixed mirror.
- the contrast of the interference light is obtained by adding together the outputs of the respective split elements when the interference light between the reflected light from the movable mirror and the reflected light from the fixed mirror is received by the four-divided sensor while moving the movable mirror. Detect changes in In addition, based on the change in contrast, the relative tilt amount of both reflected lights is detected to correct the initial tilt error, and in the fine adjustment step, the interference light of both reflected lights is divided into four parts. The initial tilt error is corrected by detecting the relative tilt amount and tilt direction of the reflected light based on the phase difference between the outputs of the respective split elements when light is received by the sensor.
- the change in the contrast of the interference light is detected by adding the outputs of the respective split elements in the coarse adjustment step, the change in the tilt amount of the both reflected light based on the change in the contrast of the interference light is detected.
- the range can be widened. As a result, even when the initial tilt error is large due to changes over time, the large initial tilt error can be reliably detected and corrected in the coarse adjustment step.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a flow of an operation by voltage control in an initial operation in the movable mirror drive mechanism of FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an operation flow by voltage control in a steady operation in the movable mirror driving mechanism of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows other structure of the said movable mirror drive mechanism. It is sectional drawing which shows other structure of the said movable mirror drive mechanism. It is sectional drawing which shows other structure of the said movable mirror drive mechanism. It is sectional drawing which shows other structure of the said movable mirror drive mechanism. It is sectional drawing which shows other structure of the said movable mirror drive mechanism. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the displacement of the movable mirror and the tilt error amount (tilt angle) in the pitch direction in the movable mirror drive mechanism of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the displacement of the movable mirror and the amount of tilt error (tilt angle) in the Roll direction in the movable mirror drive mechanism of FIG. 4.
- A) is explanatory drawing which shows Pitch direction
- (b) is explanatory drawing which shows Roll direction.
- (A) is a side view which shows the schematic structure of the optical path correction apparatus of the said interferometer
- (b) is a top view of the fixed mirror supported by the said optical path correction apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the feedback control performed when carrying out non-resonance drive of the said fixed mirror.
- (A) is a top view which shows the other structure of the said optical path correction apparatus
- (b) is a side view of the said optical path correction apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a Fourier transform spectroscopic analyzer as a spectroscope of the present embodiment.
- This device is a device that splits measurement light using the principle of a Michelson interferometer, and includes an interferometer 1, a calculation unit 2, and an output unit 3.
- the interferometer 1 is a two-optical path branching Michelson interferometer, and details thereof will be described later.
- the computing unit 2 performs sampling, A / D conversion, and Fourier transform of the signal output from the interferometer 1, and indicates the spectrum of the wavelength included in the measurement light, that is, the light intensity for each wave number (1 / wavelength). Generate a spectrum.
- the output unit 3 outputs (for example, displays) the spectrum generated by the calculation unit 2.
- details of the interferometer 1 will be described.
- the interferometer 1 has a first optical system 10, a second optical system 20, and a tilt correction unit 100. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in order.
- the first optical system 10 includes a measurement light input unit 11, a reflection collimator 12, a BS (beam splitter) 13, a fixed mirror 14, a movable mirror 15, a reflection collimator 16, and a first photodetector 17. And a drive mechanism 18. Note that the positional relationship between the fixed mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15 with respect to the BS 13 may be reversed. Further, a correction plate for correcting the optical path length corresponding to the thickness of the BS 13 may be provided in the optical path.
- the measurement light input unit 11 is a part where light (measurement light, near infrared light) emitted from a light source (not shown) and transmitted or reflected from the sample is incident.
- the reflection collimator 12 includes a reflection surface (collimating optical system) that reflects light from the measurement light input unit 11 and converts the light into parallel light and guides it to the BS 13.
- the BS 13 separates incident light, that is, light emitted from the measurement light input unit 11 into two lights, which are guided to the fixed mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15 and reflected by the fixed mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15.
- the combined lights are emitted as first interference light, and are composed of, for example, a half mirror.
- the reflection collimator 16 is composed of a reflection surface (condensing optical system) that reflects and collects the light synthesized and emitted by the BS 13 and guides it to the first photodetector 17.
- the first photodetector 17 receives the first interference light incident from the BS 13 via the reflective collimator 16 and detects an interferogram (interference pattern).
- the above-described reflective collimators 12 and 16 may be collimator lenses.
- the drive mechanism 18 causes the movable mirror 15 to change the incident light so that the difference between the optical path of the light reflected by the fixed mirror 14 and the optical path of the light reflected by the movable mirror 15 (difference in optical path length) changes.
- This is a moving mirror drive mechanism that translates (translates) in the optical axis direction.
- the drive mechanism is constituted by a parallel leaf spring type drive mechanism, the details of which will be described later.
- the light (measurement light) emitted from the measurement light input unit 11 is converted into parallel light by the reflection collimator 12 and then separated into two light beams by transmission and reflection at the BS 13.
- One of the separated light beams is reflected by the movable mirror 15, and the other light beam is reflected by the fixed mirror 14.
- Each of the separated light beams returns to the original optical path and is superposed on the BS 13 to become the first interference light.
- the movable mirror 15 is continuously moved by the drive mechanism 18, but when the optical path length difference from the BS 13 to each mirror (movable mirror 15, fixed mirror 14) is an integral multiple of the wavelength, the superimposed light The strength of is the maximum.
- the intensity of the superimposed light changes.
- the first interference light is collected by the reflection collimator 16 and enters the first photodetector 17, where it is detected as an interferogram.
- the computing unit 2 samples a detection signal (interferogram) from the first photodetector 17 and performs A / D conversion and Fourier transform to generate a spectrum indicating the light intensity for each wave number.
- the above spectrum is output (for example, displayed) by the output unit 3, and based on this spectrum, the characteristics (material, structure, component amount, etc.) of the sample can be analyzed.
- the second optical system 20 shares a part of the configuration with the first optical system 10 described above.
- a reference light source 21, an optical path synthesis mirror 22, an optical path separation mirror 23, and a second photodetector 24 are included.
- the reference light source 21 is a light source for detecting the position of the movable mirror 15 and generating a timing signal for sampling in the calculation unit 2, and is composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser that emits red light with a wavelength of 660 nm as reference light. Has been. That is, the semiconductor laser constituting the reference light source 21 emits laser light having a shorter wavelength than the shortest wavelength of light (near infrared light) emitted from the measurement light input unit 11.
- the interferometer 1 can be downsized as compared with a configuration using a large He—Ne laser.
- the optical path combining mirror 22 is an optical axis combining beam combiner that transmits light from the measurement light input unit 11 and reflects light from the reference light source 21 to combine the optical paths of these lights into the same optical path.
- the optical path separation mirror 23 transmits light that is emitted from the measurement light input unit 11 and incident via the BS 13 and the fixed mirror 14 (or the BS 13 and the movable mirror 15), and is emitted from the reference light source 21 and is transmitted to the BS 13 and the fixed mirror 14. It is a beam splitter that separates the optical path of these lights by reflecting the light incident through (or the BS 13 and the movable mirror 15).
- the second photodetector 24 is emitted from the reference light source 21, enters the optical path separation mirror 23 via the BS 13 and the fixed mirror 14 (or the BS 13 and the movable mirror 15), and is reflected there (second interference).
- a quadrant sensor SPD; Silicon Photo Diode.
- the tilt correction unit 100 is a relative tilt between the reflected light from the movable mirror 15 and the reflected light from the fixed mirror 14 caused by the tilt of the movable mirror 15 during driving by the driving mechanism 18 (the state where the interference state is the best).
- the relative inclination between the reflected light from the movable mirror 15 and the reflected light from the fixed mirror 14 caused by the inclination during the movement of the movable mirror 15 is the inclination of the light between the two optical paths. Also referred to as (tilt error, tilt error).
- two light paths that is, an optical path when one light separated by the BS 13 is reflected by the movable mirror 15 and enters the BS 13 again, and the other light separated by the BS 13 are fixed mirrors.
- the first optical system 10 and the second optical system 20 share (coaxial) the optical path when the light is reflected by 14 and incident on the BS 13 again.
- the relative inclination between the light traveling in the order of the detector 24 and the light traveling in the order of the reference light source 21, BS 13, fixed mirror 14, BS 13, and second light detector 24 (hereinafter also referred to as the second inclination). The same).
- the inclination correction unit 100 is equivalent to detecting the first inclination by detecting the second inclination based on the light reception signal of the second interference light from the second photodetector 24.
- the first inclination can be corrected based on the detection result.
- such an inclination correction unit 100 includes a signal processing unit 101 and an optical path correction device 102.
- the signal processing unit 101 detects the inclination of the light between the two optical paths based on the intensity of the second interference light detected by the second photodetector 24.
- the four light receiving areas of the second photodetector 24 are set to E1 to E4 counterclockwise, and the light spot D of the second interference light is located at the center of the entire light receiving area. It shall be.
- the sum of the light intensities detected in the light receiving areas E1 and E2 is A1
- the sum of the light intensities detected in the light receiving areas E3 and E4 is A2
- the change in the intensity A1 and A2 over time is shown.
- the signals shown in FIG. 3 are obtained as the phase signals, it is possible to detect the light inclination (relative inclination direction and amount of inclination) between the two optical paths based on these signals.
- the light is tilted between the two optical paths by an angle corresponding to the phase difference ⁇ in the direction in which the light receiving regions E1 and E2 and the light receiving regions E3 and E4 are arranged (vertical direction in FIG. 2).
- shaft of FIG. 3 is shown by the relative value. Note that when the frequency of the phase signal is slow (low), it is possible to detect the inclination of the light between the two optical paths not from the phase comparison but from the intensity ratio.
- the light spot D of the second interference light is not located at the center of the entire light receiving region (even if the light spot D is deviated from the center of the light receiving surface), the light received by the location of the light receiving surface Since the intensities are different, the inclination of light between the two optical paths can be detected from the intensity ratio of each light receiving region.
- the ratio (first ratio) between the sum of the light intensities detected in the light receiving areas E1 and E2 and the sum of the light intensities detected in the light receiving areas E3 and E4, and the detection in the light receiving areas E1 and E4 Determining the ratio (second ratio) between the sum of the intensities of the detected light and the sum of the intensities of the light detected in the light receiving regions E2 and E3, and comparing the first ratio with the second ratio
- the inclination of light between the two optical paths can be detected.
- the inclination correction unit 100 (signal processing unit 101) can convert the signal from each region (each divided element) of the four-divided sensor. Based on this, it is possible to reliably detect the inclination of light between the two optical paths.
- the inclination correction unit 100 determines the light inclination (inclination angle) between the two optical paths based on the phase difference between the output from one area of the quadrant sensor and the output from the other area. , Inclination direction) may be detected. Even in this case, since signals similar to those in FIG. 3 are output from each region, the inclination of light between the two optical paths can be detected by the above-described method.
- the signal processing unit 101 detects the position of the movable mirror 15 based on the intensity of the second interference light detected by the second photodetector 24 and generates a pulse signal indicating the sampling timing. To do.
- the arithmetic unit 2 samples the detection signal (interferogram) from the first photodetector 17 in synchronization with the generation timing of the pulse signal and converts it into digital data.
- the intensity of the second interference light changes between light and dark as a whole in accordance with the position (optical path difference) of the movable mirror, so by detecting the intensity, The position of the movable mirror 15 can be detected.
- the optical path correction device 102 corrects the optical path of the light reflected by the fixed mirror 14 based on the inclination of the light between the two optical paths detected by the signal processing unit 101, and corrects the inclination of the light between the two optical paths. The details will be described later.
- the light (reference light) emitted from the reference light source 21 is reflected by the optical path combining mirror 22, converted into parallel light by the reflection collimator 12, and then incident on the BS 13, where it is separated into two light beams.
- the One light beam separated by the BS 13 is reflected by the movable mirror 15, and the other light beam is reflected by the fixed mirror 14.
- Each of the light beams returns back to the original optical path and is superimposed by the BS 13 to become second interference light.
- the second interference light is reflected and collected by the reflection collimator 16, is reflected by the optical path separation mirror 23, and enters the second photodetector 24.
- the signal processing unit 101 of the inclination correction unit 100 detects the light inclination between the two optical paths based on the intensity of the second interference light detected by the second photodetector 24.
- the optical path correction device 102 adjusts the attitude of the fixed mirror 14 (angle with respect to the BS 13) based on the detection result of the signal processing unit 101, and corrects the optical path of the reflected light from the fixed mirror 14.
- feedback control see FIG. 22
- the tilt of the light between the two optical paths is finally reduced to zero. You can get closer. Thereby, it can be avoided that the contrast of the first interference light detected by the first photodetector 17 is lowered.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of the drive mechanism 18, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism 18.
- the drive mechanism 18 includes two leaf spring portions 31, 32, two rigid bodies 33, 34, a drive portion 35, a voltage application portion 36, and a holding portion 37. It is comprised by the parallel leaf spring which was made. 5 and the subsequent sectional views, illustration of an extraction electrode 53 and a fixed electrode 54, which will be described later, is omitted for convenience.
- the drive mechanism 18 has different widths in the X direction on the rigid body 33 side and the rigid body 34 side, which is the region where the extraction electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54 are formed, and the holding portion 37. This is to secure the formation area of the movable mirror 15, and this does not affect the parallel movement of the movable mirror 15.
- the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 are leaf springs arranged opposite to each other (in parallel) with the rigid bodies 33 and 34 interposed therebetween. These leaf spring portions 31 and 32 are formed using, for example, an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate.
- the SOI substrate for forming the leaf spring portion 31 is configured by laminating a support layer 31a made of silicon, an insulating oxide film layer (BOX layer) 31b made of silicon oxide, and an active layer 31c made of silicon. Yes.
- the SOI substrate for forming the leaf spring portion 32 is also configured by laminating a support layer 32a made of silicon, an insulating oxide film layer (BOX layer) 32b, and an active layer 32c made of silicon. .
- the support layers 31a and 32a are on the inside and the active layers 31c and 32c are on the outside, that is, the support layers 31a and 32a are closer to the rigid bodies 33 and 34 than the active layers 31c and 32c.
- the spring portions 31 and 32 are arranged to face each other.
- plate spring parts 31 and 32 are facing is also called the Z direction below. This Z direction is the same as the moving direction of the movable mirror 15.
- Support layer 31a, insulating oxide film layer 31b, support layer 32a, and insulating oxide film layer 32b are partially removed. More specifically, in the support layer 31a and the insulating oxide film layer 31b, a region facing the rigid body 33 and a region facing the rigid body 34 remain, and the other portions are removed. Note that the region of the support layer 31a that faces the rigid body 33 and the region that faces the rigid body 34 are the support layer 31a 1 that directly faces the rigid body 33 in the support layer 31a and the support layer 31a 2 that directly faces the rigid body 34, respectively. Point to.
- a region facing the rigid body 33 and a region facing the rigid body 34 remain, and the other portions are removed. It should be noted that the region facing the rigid body 33 and the region facing the rigid body 34 in the support layer 32a are the support layer 32a 1 directly facing the rigid body 33 in the support layer 32a and the support layer 32a 2 directly facing the rigid body 34, respectively. Point to.
- portions of the active layer 31c excluding the region facing the rigid body 33 and the region facing the rigid body 34 are directly opposed via the space between the rigid body 33 and the rigid body 34.
- the region facing the rigid body 33 and the region facing the rigid body 34 are the active layer 31c 1 facing the rigid body 33 through the support layer 31a 1 and the insulating oxide film layer 31b 1 in the active layer 31c.
- the active layer 31c 2 facing the rigid body 34 through the support layer 31a 2 and the insulating oxide film layer 31b 2 respectively. Further, the facing region and a region opposed to the rigid 34 and rigid body 33 in the active layer 32c, the active layer 32c, an active layer 32c 1 facing the rigid 33 through the support layer 32a 1 and the insulating oxide film layer 32 b 1 And the active layer 32c 2 facing the rigid body 34 through the support layer 32a 2 and the insulating oxide film layer 32b 2 .
- plate spring part 31 * 32 has the flat plate part 31p * 32p, respectively.
- the flat plate portions 31p and 32p are flat plate portions of the plate spring portions 31 and 32 that face each other with an air layer between the rigid body 33 and the rigid body 34 interposed therebetween.
- the flat plate portions 31p and 32p are formed from the respective SOI substrates, the regions facing the rigid body 33 (support layers 31a 1 and 32a 1 , insulating oxide film layers 31b 1 and 32b 1 ) and the regions facing the rigid body 34 (supports).
- the regions (support layers 31a 1 and 31a 2 ) facing the rigid bodies 33 and 34 in the support layer 31a of the leaf spring portion 31 are connected to the rigid bodies 33 and 34, respectively.
- a region opposed to the rigid 33, 34 in the support layer 32a of the leaf spring portion 32 (supporting layer 32a 1 - 32a 2) are respectively connected with the rigid 33, 34.
- the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are disposed between the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 so as to be separated from each other in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which they face each other (Z direction).
- the direction in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are arranged apart from each other, that is, the direction in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are arranged side by side through the air layer is also referred to as the Y direction below.
- the XYZ directions described above are orthogonal to each other.
- the rigid body 33 is connected to the leaf spring portion 31 (particularly the support layer 31a 1 ) and is connected to the leaf spring portion 32 (particularly the support layer 32a 1 ).
- the rigid body 34 is connected to the leaf spring portion 31 (particularly the support layer 31a 2 ) and to the leaf spring portion 32 (particularly the support layer 32a 2 ).
- the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are both made of glass that is thicker than the flat plate portions 31p and 32p of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32.
- alkali glass containing, for example, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) or potassium oxide (K 2 O) is used as the glass.
- the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are made of glass, and the support layers 31a 1 and 31a 2 of the leaf spring portion 31 and the support layers 32a 1 and 32a 2 of the leaf spring portion 32 are both made of silicon.
- the rigid bodies 33 and 34 and the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 are connected by, for example, anodic bonding.
- anodic bonding is a technique in which a direct voltage of several hundred volts is applied to silicon and glass at a temperature of several hundred degrees Celsius to form Si—O covalent bonds, thereby directly bonding the two.
- the holding portion 37 is a portion that is held by a fixing member or the like when the drive mechanism 18 is fixed to the interferometer 1, and is positioned above and below the rigid body 34 so that the drive mechanism 18 can be clamped and held up and down.
- the leaf springs 31 and 32 are provided at the edges of the outer surfaces (the surfaces opposite to the rigid bodies 33 and 34).
- the drive unit 35 is configured to translate the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 (in the Z direction) relative to the rigid body 34 by bending and deforming one of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32.
- the drive part 35 is provided on the surface of the leaf spring part 31, and the details of the arrangement position will be described later.
- the movable mirror 15 is provided above the rigid body 33 in the leaf spring portion 31 and on the surface opposite to the rigid body 33.
- the drive unit 35 and the movable mirror 15 may be provided on the leaf spring unit 32.
- the drive unit 35 includes a piezoelectric element (PZT element) 35a that expands and contracts in accordance with an applied voltage from a voltage application unit 36 described later.
- the piezoelectric element 35 a has a structure in which a piezoelectric material PZT (lead zirconate titanate) 41 is sandwiched between electrodes 42 and 43.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the leaf spring 31 when the PZT 41 extends in the horizontal direction by applying a voltage to the electrodes 42 and 43, the leaf spring 31 is deformed so as to be convex upward, so that the movable mirror 15 is displaced downward together with the rigid body 33.
- the leaf spring 31 when the PZT 41 is contracted in the horizontal direction by applying a voltage having a reverse polarity to the electrodes 42 and 43, the leaf spring 31 is deformed so as to protrude downward, so that the movable mirror 15 is moved upward along with the rigid body 33. It is displaced to.
- the leaf spring portion 31 can be bent and deformed, whereby the rigid body 33 and the rigid body 34 can be deformed.
- the movable mirror 15 can be displaced.
- the voltage application unit 36 shown in FIG. 4 applies a voltage to the piezoelectric element 35a.
- Such application of voltage to the piezoelectric element 35a can be realized by the following configuration.
- a lead electrode 53 and a fixed electrode 54 are formed on the same surface as the surface on which the piezoelectric element 35 a is provided in the leaf spring portion 31.
- a metal film as the lead electrode 53 is vapor-deposited on the leaf spring portion 31, and the electrode 43 on the lower surface of the piezoelectric element 35a is brought into contact with the metal film, whereby the electrode 43 on the lower surface is formed. It can be pulled out.
- the extraction electrode 53 is wire bonded to the voltage application unit 36.
- the fixed electrode 54 is wire-bonded to the electrode 42 on the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 35a, and is also wire-bonded to the voltage application unit 36. With this configuration, the voltage application unit 36 can apply a voltage to the piezoelectric element 35 a via the extraction electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54. Note that the extraction electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54 may be formed anywhere on the surface of the leaf spring portion 31 as long as wire bonding is easily performed above the rigid body 34.
- the moving body (for example, corresponding to the rigid body 33 and the moving mirror 15) may move in an inclined manner instead of a parallel movement. This is considered to be caused by the fact that only one leaf spring portion expands or contracts (deforms) due to expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element, resulting in a difference in length between the two leaf spring portions.
- the voltage application unit 36 is determined by a system including a part of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 and the rigid body 33.
- the resonance primary mode is a point A 0 that does not displace at all in the Z direction due to expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 35 a in the leaf spring portion 31, for example, and the first antinode ( This refers to a vibration mode in which the point A 1 ) has a maximum displacement at the position of the free end.
- f 0 (1 / 2 ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ (k / m)
- k Spring constant of the spring part
- m Mass of the translation part (g) It is.
- the above-mentioned “spring part” refers to a part that functions as a spring substantially by deformation in the leaf spring parts 31, 32. Specifically, the flat plate part 31 p of the leaf spring part 31 and the leaf spring part 32. The flat plate portion 32p.
- the “translation part” is a part that translates due to the deformation of the spring part. Specifically, the support layer 31 a 1 , the insulating oxide film layer 31 b 1, and the active layer 31 c of the leaf spring part 31. 1, the support layer 32a 1 of the plate spring portion 32, an insulating oxide film layer 32 b 1 and the active layer 32c 1, refers to a rigid 33. Note that the mass of the movable mirror 15 is not considered in the above m. This is because the movable mirror 15 is a thin film and its mass can be almost ignored.
- the voltage applying unit 36 since the plate spring portion 31, 32 and the rigid 33 applies a voltage to the piezoelectric element 35a at the same frequency f and the resonance frequency f 0 when resonating together, rigid 33 and It can suppress that the movable mirror 15 inclines and moves.
- the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are displaced by resonance, the amount of displacement is reliably increased as compared with the case where the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are displaced by applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element 35a at another frequency. Can be made.
- the piezoelectric element 35a is provided on the surface of the leaf spring portion 31 opposite to the leaf spring portion 32. Moreover, the piezoelectric element 35a is closer to the rigid body 34 side than the center C of the flat plate portion 31p of the leaf spring portion 31 in the direction (Y direction) in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are arranged side by side on the surface of the leaf spring portion 31. Is provided. With the arrangement of the piezoelectric element 35a, the following effects can be obtained.
- the piezoelectric element 35a has a structure in which the PZT 41 is sandwiched between the thin electrodes 42 and 43 as described above, compared to an electromagnetic drive source using a magnet and a coil such as a VCM (voice coil motor). It is extremely small and thin. Also, when using an electromagnetic drive source, the installation position (wide space) must also be secured, and the drive mechanism itself is enlarged, but when using a small and thin piezoelectric element 35a as a drive source, As in the present invention, the piezoelectric element 35a may be formed directly on the portion to be bent and deformed (the surface of the leaf spring portion 31), and it is not necessary to secure a wide installation space.
- VCM voice coil motor
- the small drive mechanism 18 can be reliably realized by configuring the drive unit 35 with the piezoelectric element 35 a and providing it on the surface of the leaf spring unit 31.
- the interferometer 1 to which the drive mechanism 18 is applied, and thus the spectroscopic analyzer can be reliably reduced in size.
- the piezoelectric element 35a is provided not on the entire surface of the flat plate portion 31p of the leaf spring portion 31, but on a part of the surface, the load on the piezoelectric element 35a during bending deformation of the leaf spring portion 31 is reduced.
- the piezoelectric element 35a can be driven even with a low driving voltage.
- the piezoelectric element 35a is provided on the rigid body 34 side with respect to the center C of the flat plate portion 31p, even if the piezoelectric element 35a is driven with a low driving voltage, the leaf spring portion 31 is reliably secured as shown in FIG. Accordingly, the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 can be greatly displaced. Therefore, in a spectroscopic analyzer to which such a drive mechanism 18 is applied, high resolution can be reliably realized.
- the surface on the rigid body 34 side of the piezoelectric element 35a is defined as a surface S1
- the surface on the rigid body 33 side is defined as a surface S2.
- a surface on the rigid body 33 side of the rigid body 34 is defined as a surface S3.
- the surface S1 is located on the opposite side of the rigid body 33 from the surface S3
- the surface S2 is on the rigid body 34 side with respect to the center C of the flat plate portion 31p, and the surface It is located closer to the rigid body 33 than S3.
- the piezoelectric element 35a is provided on the surface of the leaf spring portion 31 so as to straddle the surface S3, that is, a part of the piezoelectric element 35a is located above the rigid body 34. If the lead electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54 are formed on the surface of the leaf spring portion 31 and above the rigid body 34, the lead electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54 and other parts (for example, the electrode 42 on the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 35a, the voltage) It is possible to avoid breakage of the leaf spring portion 31 when the application portion 36) is connected by wire bonding.
- the bonding operation at this time is performed above the rigid body 34, no external stress acts on the flat plate portion 31 p, and damage to the plate spring portion 31 due to this can be avoided. Further, since the bonded wire is located above the rigid body 34 rather than above the flat plate portion 31p, the wire may suppress the flat plate portion 31p and inhibit deformation (resonance) of the leaf spring portion 31 even after bonding. Therefore, it is possible to avoid adversely affecting the deformation of the leaf spring portion 31.
- the leaf spring portion 31 when the length of the piezoelectric element 35a on the flat plate portion 31p is increased, the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 are interposed. The balance at the time of deformation is lost, the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are tilted and moved, and the tilt is increased. In other words, the shorter the piezoelectric element 35a is on the flat plate portion 31p, the smaller the inclination during movement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 may be.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between L2 / L1 and the applied voltage (electric field strength) to the piezoelectric element 35a when the displacement amount of the movable mirror 15 is constant. Note that the electric field strength on the vertical axis in FIG. 7 is normalized by the length of the piezoelectric element 35a. From the figure, when L2 / L1> 0.3, the applied voltage itself can be reduced, but the change amount of the applied voltage with respect to the change amount of L2 / L1 is small, and the effect of greatly reducing the applied voltage is small.
- L2 is sufficiently small with respect to L1, so that the piezoelectric element can be efficiently obtained while sufficiently obtaining the effect of suppressing the inclination of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 during movement. 35a can be driven.
- conditional expression can be obtained irrespective of the constituent material of the leaf
- the ratio of L2 / L1 is 0.3 or less regardless of the constituent materials of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 and the rigid body 33 and the thickness of the flat plate portions 31p and 32p. I can say that.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another configuration of the drive mechanism 18, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism 18 of FIG.
- This drive mechanism 18 is different from the drive mechanism 18 of FIGS. 4 and 5 in that it includes a piezoelectric element 38 different from the piezoelectric element 35a.
- the piezoelectric element 38 is a surface of the leaf spring portion 32 opposite to the leaf spring portion 31 and is perpendicular to the surface R perpendicular to the opposing direction (Z direction) of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32. It is provided in the position which becomes symmetrical.
- the piezoelectric element 38 By providing the piezoelectric element 38 in this way, the upper and lower balance of the drive mechanism 18 constituting the parallel leaf spring can be kept good, that is, the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 can be deformed in a balanced manner. It is possible to improve parallelism when the movable mirror 15 is translated. That is, the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 can be moved (displaced) in a state that is almost as parallel as possible.
- the piezoelectric element 38 only needs to be provided as described above, and wiring for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element 38 is not necessary. Therefore, the parallelism during parallel movement can be easily improved with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the driving mechanism 18 has a configuration in which the two piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 are provided as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and the voltage applying unit 36 applies a voltage to both the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38. That is, on the leaf spring portion 32 side, electrodes (not shown) corresponding to the lead electrode 53 and the fixed electrode 54 provided on the leaf spring portion 31 side are provided, and these electrodes and the upper and lower electrodes of the piezoelectric element 38 and The voltage application unit 36 is electrically connected by wire bonding.
- the voltage application unit 36 applies the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 so that the deformation of the leaf spring part 31 due to the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 35a is the same as the deformation of the leaf spring part 32 due to the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 38. It is desirable to apply a voltage.
- the voltage applying unit 36 may apply a voltage to each of the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 so that voltages having the same polarity are applied to the electrodes located on the same side with respect to the same frequency.
- the voltage application unit 36 includes an upper electrode 42 of the piezoelectric element 35a (an electrode on the opposite side of the rigid body 34 with respect to the PZT 41) and an upper electrode of the piezoelectric element 38 (an electrode on the rigid body 34 side of the PZT).
- the voltage may be applied to each of the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 so that the same polarity voltage is applied to the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38.
- the two electrodes sandwiching the PZT of the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 are located on the same side with respect to the PZT.
- the voltage applying unit 36 may apply a voltage to each of the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 so that voltages having opposite polarities are applied to the electrodes at the same frequency. For example, when a positive voltage is applied to the upper electrode 42 of the piezoelectric element 35a, the voltage application unit 36 applies a negative voltage to the upper electrode of the piezoelectric element 38 (an electrode on the rigid body 34 side with respect to PZT). As described above, a voltage may be applied to each of the piezoelectric elements 35a and 38.
- the leaf spring units 31 and 32 can be deformed (resonated) in the same manner, and one deformation changes the other. It is easy to resonate without being disturbed. Therefore, the parallelism when the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are translated can be reliably improved.
- the piezoelectric element expands and contracts when a voltage is applied. Conversely, when the piezoelectric element is deformed by applying a force, it outputs a voltage corresponding to the distortion.
- the piezoelectric element is also greatly distorted, so that the voltage (eg, absolute value) output from the piezoelectric element is also maximized. Therefore, by utilizing this fact and monitoring the voltage (particularly the maximum voltage) output from the piezoelectric element, it is possible to detect whether or not the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are displaced due to resonance. It is also possible to cope with fluctuations.
- the fluctuation of the resonance frequency may occur, for example, when the shape of the spring portion changes due to thermal expansion or contraction due to a change in environmental temperature due to heat generation of the reference light source 21 and the spring constant changes.
- the shape of the spring portion changes due to thermal expansion or contraction due to a change in environmental temperature due to heat generation of the reference light source 21 and the spring constant changes.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the drive mechanism 18 includes a detection unit 39 and a control unit 40 in addition to the configuration in which the two piezoelectric elements 35a and 38 are provided as shown in FIGS. Since the configurations of FIGS. 8 and 9 are basic, the voltage applying unit 36 applies a voltage only to one piezoelectric element 35a, and does not apply a voltage to the other piezoelectric element 38 for the sake of safety. Keep it.
- the detection unit 39 is a sensor that detects the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 from the voltage corresponding to the distortion of the piezoelectric element 38 that is output from the piezoelectric element 38 when the leaf spring portion 32 is deformed.
- the detection unit 39 is the maximum voltage of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38 ( For example, the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 can be detected by detecting the absolute value.
- the detection unit 39 detects the displacement amount and direction (displaced position) of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 based on the magnitude and direction (positive / negative sign) of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38. You can also.
- the control unit 40 controls the voltage application to the piezoelectric element 35a by the voltage application unit 36. More specifically, the control unit 40 determines the voltage so that the frequency of the applied voltage to the piezoelectric element 35a varies according to the variation of the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 detected by the detection unit 39.
- the application unit 36 is controlled.
- the control unit 40 that performs such control includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the voltage application unit 36 includes a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) circuit.
- the VCO circuit is a circuit that changes the frequency of the output voltage in accordance with the input voltage. Therefore, the voltage application unit 36 can change the frequency of the output voltage (voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 35 a) under the control of the control unit 40.
- FIG. 12 shows the initial operation for searching for the resonance frequency
- FIG. 12 shows the one in the steady operation to follow.
- the control unit 40 starts increasing the input voltage of the VCO circuit of the voltage applying unit 36 and increases the frequency of the output voltage (S1). Then, the detection unit 39 detects the maximum value (for example, absolute value) of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38, and detects the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 (S2).
- the maximum value for example, absolute value
- the control unit 40 compares the maximum displacement detected in S2 with the maximum displacement detected before that (S3).
- the maximum displacement detected in S2 is necessarily larger than the maximum displacement detected before that (No in S3). ). Therefore, the control unit 40 further increases the input voltage of the VCO circuit and further increases the frequency of the output voltage (S4).
- the steps S2 to S4 are repeated, and when the maximum displacement detected in S2 becomes smaller than the maximum displacement detected before that (Yes in S3), the controller 40 and the movable mirror 33 It is determined that 15 has reached the maximum displacement, and the increase in the input voltage of the VCO circuit is stopped (S5).
- the frequency of the output voltage of the VCO circuit at this time can be considered as the resonance frequency. . That is, by such an initial operation, the resonance frequency can be obtained without using the theoretical calculation described above.
- the detection unit 39 detects the maximum value (for example, absolute value) of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38, and detects the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 (S11).
- the control unit 40 compares the maximum displacement detected in S11 with the maximum displacement detected before that (for example, the maximum displacement detected immediately before stopping the increase of the input voltage of the VCO circuit in S5 of FIG. 12). (S12).
- the resonance frequency does not fluctuate
- the maximum displacement detected in S11 is the same as the previous maximum displacement (No in S12). In this case, this flow ends.
- the maximum displacements of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 are stored in memory, and the frequency at which the maximum displacement is obtained is defined as the resonance frequency.
- the control unit 40 increases the input voltage of the VCO circuit, The frequency is increased (S13). Then, the detection unit 39 detects the maximum value of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38, and detects the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 (S14).
- the control unit 40 compares the maximum displacement detected in S14 with the maximum displacement detected before that (for example, the maximum displacement detected in S11) (S15).
- the maximum displacement detected in S14 is larger than the maximum displacement detected before (No in S15)
- the maximum displacement increases in the direction in which the frequency increases.
- the input voltage is further increased to increase the frequency of the output voltage (S16).
- the detection unit 39 detects the maximum value of the voltage output from the piezoelectric element 38, and detects the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 (S17).
- the controller 40 compares the maximum displacement detected in S17 with the maximum displacement detected before that (for example, the maximum displacement detected in S14) (S18).
- the control unit 40 reaches the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15, and the piezoelectric element. It is determined that the frequency of the voltage applied to 35a matches the resonance frequency, and this flow is finished.
- step S19 to S21 are repeated.
- the control unit 40 reaches the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15, and the piezoelectric element. It is determined that the frequency of the voltage applied to 35a matches the resonance frequency, and this flow is finished.
- control unit 40 determines the frequency of the output voltage of the VCO circuit (the frequency of the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 35a) in accordance with the change in the maximum displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 detected by the detection unit 39.
- the voltage application unit 36 is controlled so as to fluctuate, so that the frequency of the output voltage of the VCO circuit is changed to a fluctuating resonance frequency even if the resonance frequency fluctuates due to a change in environmental temperature or the like during the operation of the drive mechanism 18. Can be followed.
- control unit 40 controls the voltage application unit 36 (VCO circuit) so that the frequency of the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 35a matches the resonance frequency based on the voltage detected by the detection unit 39. Even when the drive mechanism 18 of the present invention is used in an environment where the resonance frequency fluctuates or is likely to fluctuate, a stable resonance state can always be maintained.
- VCO circuit voltage application unit 36
- the displacement of the rigid body 33 and the movable mirror 15 is monitored based on the voltage detected by the detection unit 39, and the voltage application unit 36 is controlled based on the displacement.
- the vibration frequency is detected from the number of inversions of the positive and negative signs of the detected voltage within a predetermined time, and the voltage application unit 36 is controlled based on the vibration frequency (the frequency of the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 35a is varied). It is also possible to follow the resonance frequency).
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the flat plate portion 31p of the plate spring portion 31 of the drive mechanism 18 may be composed of two layers of an insulating oxide film layer 31b and an active layer 31c, and the flat plate portion 32p of the plate spring portion 32. May be composed of two layers of an insulating oxide film layer 32b and an active layer 32c.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 of the drive mechanism 18 may be constituted by flat silicon substrates 81 and 81, respectively.
- anodic bonding can be used for the connection between the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 (silicon substrates 81 and 81) and the rigid bodies 33 and 34 made of glass.
- the drive mechanism 18 can be easily realized with a simple configuration in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are sandwiched between the flat silicon substrates 81 and 81.
- the manufacturing process of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 can be greatly simplified as compared with the case where the SOI substrate 61 is used.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the plate spring portions 31 and 32 of the drive mechanism 18 may be configured by flat glass substrates 91 and 91, respectively.
- glass substrates 91 and 91 can be obtained by performing laser processing or dicing processing on glass (for example, alkali glass) having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Optical contact or diffusion bonding can be used for connection between the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 (glass substrates 91 and 91) and the rigid bodies 33 and 34 made of glass.
- the optical contact is a method in which smooth surfaces are brought into close contact with each other and two members are connected by molecular attraction.
- Diffusion bonding is a method of obtaining a bonded portion by heating and pressurizing and holding a base material without melting it and diffusing atoms at the bonded interface across the bonded surface.
- the drive mechanism 18 can be easily realized with a simple configuration in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are sandwiched between the flat glass substrates 91 and 91. can do. Further, the manufacturing process of the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 can be greatly simplified as compared with the case where the SOI substrate 61 is used. Further, since the constituent materials of the rigid bodies 33 and 34 and the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 are both glass, the deformation of the drive mechanism 18 due to a temperature change can be reliably prevented, and the movable part (the rigid body) is caused by the temperature change. 33 and the movable mirror 15) can be reliably prevented from tilting.
- connection between the rigid bodies 33 and 34 and the leaf spring portions 31 and 32 employs an adhesive-free method such as the anodic bonding described above, optical contact, diffusion bonding, or the like. Manufacturing errors (influence of shrinkage of adhesive during manufacturing) can be eliminated, and a large corner cube should be installed when the drive mechanism 18 is applied to the interferometer 1 or the spectroscopic analyzer.
- high resolution by high-precision interference can be realized. That is, it is possible to achieve high resolution by high-precision interference while miniaturizing the interferometer 1 and thus the spectroscopic analyzer.
- plate spring part 31 * 32 may be comprised with the flat plate which consists of metals (iron, aluminum, an alloy, etc.) instead of said silicon substrate 81 and the glass substrate 91.
- FIG. 1 the leaf
- plate spring part 31 * 32 may be comprised with the flat plate which consists of metals (iron, aluminum, an alloy, etc.) instead of said silicon substrate 81 and the glass substrate 91.
- the rigid bodies 33 and 34 described above may be made of silicon instead of glass.
- anodic bonding can be used as a bonding method, and the connecting portion is formed between silicon and silicon.
- optical contact or diffusion bonding can be used as a bonding method.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing still another configuration of the drive mechanism 18.
- the drive unit 35 of the drive mechanism 18 may be configured with an electromagnetic drive source.
- the drive unit 35 includes a coil 35b and a magnet 35c.
- the coil 35 b is obtained by winding one copper wire several times, and one end and the other end of the coil 35 b are connected to the voltage application unit 36. Further, the coil 35b is disposed (fixed) so as to be opposed to the magnet 35c provided on the side surface of the rigid body 33.
- the magnet 35c is provided on a side surface of the rigid body 33, and the rigid body 33 side has an N pole and the coil 35b side has an S pole. Therefore, the direction from the coil 35b toward the magnet 35c is the direction of the magnetic field B between the coil 35b and the magnet 35c.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 respectively show the relationship between the displacement of the movable mirror and the tilt error amount (tilt angle) when the movable mirror is driven ⁇ 1.5 mm in the Z direction by the drive mechanism 18, and FIG. FIG. 19 shows the tilt error amount in the Roll direction.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B show the Pitch direction and the Roll direction, which are the tilt directions of the movable mirror 15.
- Each direction of Pitch and Roll is defined as follows. That is, in the configuration in which the extending direction of the leaf spring portion 31 of the drive mechanism 18 (the direction in which the rigid bodies 33 and 34 are arranged) is the Y direction, the movable mirror 15 is translated in the Z direction by resonance of the leaf spring portion 31.
- the Pitch direction is the tilt direction when the movable mirror 15 tilts in the YZ plane
- the Roll direction is the tilt direction when the movable mirror 15 tilts in the ZX plane. It is.
- the tilt error in the Pitch direction remains about ⁇ 0.5 minutes from FIG. 18, and the tilt error in the Roll direction is 0.2 minutes from FIG. You can see that it remains.
- Factors that cause tilt errors in the pitch direction include, for example, the thickness error in the Z direction of the parallel leaf spring, the tilt toward the tip of the parallel moving part, the thickness error in the Z direction of the parallel moving part and the support part, the parallel moving part and the support. The flatness of the part may be reduced.
- the cause of the tilt error in the Roll direction is, for example, the thickness error in the X direction of the parallel moving part, the shift error in the X direction of the parallel leaf spring and the parallel moving part, and the sticking error in the X direction of the piezoelectric element 35a. And twisting of parallel leaf springs in the Roll direction.
- plate spring points out the part which functions as a spring substantially by deformation
- the translation unit is a part that translates by deformation of the parallel plate spring. Specifically, for example, in the configuration of FIG. 5, the support layer 31 a 1 of the plate spring unit 31, the insulating oxide film The layer 31b 1 and the active layer 31c 1 , the support layer 32a 1 of the leaf spring portion 32, the insulating oxide film layer 32b 1 and the active layer 32c 1, and the rigid body 33 are indicated.
- the above-mentioned support portion refers to the support layer 31 a 2 , the insulating oxide film layer 31 b 2 , the active layer 31 c 2 , the support layer 32 a 2 , the insulating oxide film layer 32 b 2 , the active layer 32 c 2 , and the rigid body 34.
- the tilt error generated by the resonance driving of the movable mirror 15 during spectroscopic measurement is corrected by driving the fixed mirror 14 non-resonantly by the optical path correction device 102 of the correction unit 100 described above.
- the optical path correction device 102 also has a tilt error (initial tilt error) that occurs due to a change with time or a temperature change before the spectroscopic measurement. It can be corrected. Details of the optical path correction apparatus 102 will be described below.
- FIG. 21A is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the optical path correction device 102
- FIG. 21B is a plan view of the fixed mirror 14 supported by the optical path correction device 102.
- the optical path correction device 102 has a plurality of (four in FIG. 21B) piezoelectric elements 103 that expand and contract by voltage application. One end surface of each piezoelectric element 103 in the expansion / contraction direction is connected to the fixed mirror 14, while the other end surface is connected to the fixed base 104, and each piezoelectric element 103 is supported.
- the piezoelectric elements 103 are arranged at regular intervals (every 90 degrees) in the circumferential direction with respect to an axis passing through the center of the bottom surface of the fixed mirror 14. As a result, the two piezoelectric elements 103 and 103 are disposed to face each other with the shaft interposed therebetween, and there are two sets of piezoelectric elements 103 and 103 that are disposed to face each other in this way.
- the optical path correction device 102 when the movable mirror 15 is resonantly driven at a resonance frequency of 70 Hz, for example, if the tilt error of the movable mirror 15 includes up to the fourth-order high-frequency component, the optical path correction device 102 has a non-frequency at 280 Hz. A performance capable of resonance driving (servo driving described later) is required. Therefore, in this embodiment, a high-speed response is realized by using a plurality of stacked piezoelectric elements 103. By using four piezoelectric elements 103, tilt error correction (tilt correction) in each direction of pitch and roll can be performed with each pair of piezoelectric elements. This will be specifically described below. Note that tilt correction is possible even when the number of piezoelectric elements 103 is three.
- the optical path correction device 102 is designed so that the voltage application up to 100 V can be adjusted with a slight margin with respect to 150 V.
- the applied voltage to each piezoelectric element 103 is set to 50 V, for example.
- a voltage larger than 50 V is applied to one of the piezoelectric elements 103 and 103 arranged opposite to each other, and a voltage smaller than 50 V is applied to the other.
- one piezoelectric element 103 expands and the other piezoelectric element 103 contracts, so that the fixed mirror 14 can be tilted. If the piezoelectric element 103 having a length of about 5 mm is used and the opposing piezoelectric elements 103 and 103 are arranged at intervals of 2 mm, tilt adjustment of about ⁇ 4 minutes can be performed.
- an initial tilt error is measured before spectroscopic measurement, and the tilt of the fixed mirror 14 is adjusted by extending and contracting each piezoelectric element 103 so that the tilt error becomes a level of about ⁇ 0.2 minutes. . Details of tilt correction before spectroscopic measurement will be described later. Thereafter, in the spectroscopic measurement, the movable mirror 15 is translated (resonated), and the tilt error caused by driving the movable mirror 15 is monitored in real time, and the fixed mirror 14 is driven non-resonantly by the expansion and contraction of each piezoelectric element 103. Servo drive so that the tilt error is always zero.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing feedback control (servo drive) performed when the fixed mirror 14 is non-resonantly driven during spectroscopic measurement.
- the optical path correction device 102 includes a PID controller 105 in addition to the piezoelectric element 103 described above.
- the PID controller 105 is a controller that performs control combining a proportional operation, an integral operation, and a differential operation.
- the PID controller 105 sets the tilt amount (tilt error) detected by the signal processing unit 101 and the servo target value (tilt amount zero).
- the application of voltage to each piezoelectric element 103 is controlled so that the tilt amount approaches the target value (always becomes zero), and the tilt of the fixed mirror 14 is caused by the expansion and contraction of each piezoelectric element 103 by non-resonant driving. Adjust.
- the tilt error can be corrected appropriately.
- PID control is performed in each of the pitch and roll directions in this embodiment. As a result, the tilt error during the spectroscopic measurement is always within ⁇ 0.1 minutes in both the pitch and roll directions.
- the Pitch and Roll axes in the second photodetector 24 (four-divided sensor) and the Pitch and Roll axes in the tilt correction of the fixed mirror 14 are mechanically adjusted. Since it is not easy, in reality, the former axis is converted to the latter axis by using axis conversion calculation means such as a microcomputer.
- the optical path correction device 102 described above further includes a mounting frame 106 as shown in FIG.
- the attachment frame 106 is an attachment member for attaching the optical path correction device 102 to the interferometer 1, and is provided on the fixed base 104 so as to surround the fixed mirror 14 from the side.
- Each of the four surfaces constituting the attachment frame 106 is provided with a plurality of holes 106a for position adjustment when attached to the interferometer 1.
- the diameter of the hole 106a is slightly larger than the diameter of the screw inserted into the hole 106a. Therefore, when the mounting frame 106 is screwed to the interferometer 1, the position of the mounting frame 106 can be finely adjusted.
- the mounting position of the optical path correction device 102 with respect to the interferometer 1, that is, the position of the fixed mirror 14 can be finely adjusted, and tilt correction can be performed before product shipment. For example, if a tilt error of ⁇ 15 minutes occurs due to accumulation of assembly errors of each block at the time of product shipment, the tilt error of the movable mirror 15 is ⁇ 1 minute by mechanical adjustment of the mounting position described above. Can be adjusted to level.
- FIG. 23A is a plan view showing another configuration of the optical path correction device 102
- FIG. 23B is a side view of the optical path correction device 102.
- the fixed mirror 14 is not shown for convenience.
- the optical path correction apparatus 102 shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B can also be applied to the interferometer 1 and the spectroscopic analysis apparatus.
- the optical path correction device 102 includes a rotating member 111 that rotates while supporting the fixed mirror 14.
- the rotating member 111 is composed of a mirror support having a shape in which two cylindrical portions 111a and 111b made of metal such as stainless steel and having different diameters are coaxial and connected by an axis passing through the rotation center P. Yes.
- the diameter of the large-diameter column portion 111a is substantially the same as the diameter of the fixed mirror 14 (here, a disc shape), and the fixed mirror 14 is supported on the end surface of the column portion 111a opposite to the column portion 111b. ing.
- the small diameter cylindrical portion 111b opposite to the large diameter cylindrical portion 111a there are four quadrangular columnar piezoelectric elements 112 (112a to 112d) arranged by being bundled through a minute gap. It is fixed.
- the radius of the small-diameter cylindrical portion 111 b is set to approximately half the length of one side of the cross section of the piezoelectric element 112.
- the piezoelectric element 112 is a displacement member that expands and contracts in a direction corresponding to the direction in which the rotating member 111 rotates by voltage application.
- the piezoelectric element 112 stretch direction only in some areas 112S 1 vertical end surface 112S, which is connected to the pivot member 111 through an adhesive 113 (see FIG. 25).
- FIG. 24 is a bottom view of the rotating member 111 from the piezoelectric element 112 side. It is described in more detail first region 111R 1 and the second region 111R 2.
- the first region 111R 1 is of the areas 111R, located at the end face of the small-diameter cylindrical portion 111b of the rotating member 111 This is a region that is closer to the rotation center P (see FIG. 23B) of the rotation member 111 than the central axis L along the expansion and contraction direction passing through the center of the end face 112S of the piezoelectric element 112.
- the second region 111R 2 the remaining areas of the region 111R, that is, a region located on the end surface of the large diameter of the cylindrical portion 111a.
- the area 111R is first a region 111R 1 closer to the rotation center P, it is divided into a farther second region 111R 2 from the rotation center P.
- a plurality of (four in this embodiment) piezoelectric elements 112 are provided as described above in order to press different areas of the rotating member 111.
- the expansion / contraction direction of each of the piezoelectric elements 112a to 112d corresponds to the rotation direction of the rotation member 111, but in FIG. 23B, for example, the expansion / contraction direction (BB ′) of the piezoelectric elements 112a and 112c.
- Direction) and the rotation direction (AA ′ direction) of the rotation member 111 correspond to each other.
- the piezoelectric element 112 a and the piezoelectric element 112 c, and the piezoelectric element 112 b and the piezoelectric element 112 d are disposed so as to face an axis passing through the rotation center P of the rotation member 111.
- Each piezoelectric element 112 is fixed to a fixed base 114 made of a metal such as stainless steel via an epoxy adhesive on the entire end surface opposite to the rotating member 111.
- the manner of pressing the rotating member 111 by the piezoelectric element 112 described above can be said to be common to all the piezoelectric elements 112a to 112d. Therefore, the first region 111R 1 and the second region 111R second rotating member 111 described above is provided corresponding to the piezoelectric elements 112a ⁇ 112d, the piezoelectric elements 112a ⁇ 112d, upon elongation, adhesive 113 through, thus rotating the rotating member 111 by pressing the first region 111R 1 corresponding.
- the adhesive 113 is a connecting member that bonds and connects each piezoelectric element 112 and the rotating member 111.
- a connecting portion (connecting portion) by the adhesive 113 is an important portion for determining the characteristics of the optical path correction device 102.
- an epoxy adhesive having a relatively large Young's modulus or an appropriate elasticity is used as the adhesive.
- Epoxy / modified silicone adhesives having the above are appropriately selected according to specifications.
- the thickness of the adhesive 113 is also important, it is desirable that spherical plastic beads having a uniform diameter are mixed in the adhesive 113.
- an epoxy adhesive in which plastic beads having a diameter of 30 ⁇ m are mixed is used as the adhesive 113.
- each of the piezoelectric elements 112 is connected to a voltage application unit (not shown), and the piezoelectric elements 112a to 112d are individually controlled by individually controlling the voltage application to the piezoelectric elements 112a to 112d. It is possible to extend and contract.
- FIG. 25 is a side view of the optical path correction device 102 and shows the posture of the rotating member 111 before and after rotation.
- the piezoelectric element 112b is not shown for convenience.
- a voltage of + v (V) is applied to the piezoelectric element 112a, and the piezoelectric element 112a extends by d (mm) (displacement of d (+)).
- a voltage of ⁇ v (V) is applied to the piezoelectric element 112c, and the piezoelectric element 112c is contracted by d (mm) (displacement of d ( ⁇ )).
- the piezoelectric element 112a presses the cylindrical portion 111b of the rotating member 111 via the adhesive 113, and the entire rotating member 111 supports the fixed mirror 14, and the center of rotation P is the center of FIG. It is rotated by a rotation angle ⁇ (°) around the y-axis shown in (a). Note that the rotation center P when the rotation member 111 rotates is determined by the mechanical relationship of the constituent members.
- any swing motion can be performed. It is possible to realize. Thereby, tilt correction can be performed appropriately.
- the radius of the small diameter cylindrical portion 111b that is, the distance from the axis passing through the rotation center P to the circumference of the first region 111R1
- tilt correction of ⁇ 7 minutes can be performed with a small configuration.
- the tilt correction by the optical path correction device 102 is performed on the fixed mirror 14, but it can also be performed on the movable mirror 15, and both the fixed mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15 are applied. It is also possible to do this. For example, if one end face of each piezoelectric element 103 of the optical path correction device 102 is connected to the base of the drive mechanism 18, the tilt correction is performed by driving the movable mirror 15 in a non-resonant manner by the expansion and contraction of each piezoelectric element 103. Is possible.
- the tilt error tilt error, the relative inclination of both reflected lights
- the tilt error indicating the angle deviation from the best interference state between the reflected light from the movable mirror 15 and the reflected light from the fixed mirror 14 includes:
- a dynamic alignment step (# 2) for correcting the tilt error in real time is performed.
- the initial adjustment process in # 1 includes a coarse adjustment process (# 10) and a fine adjustment process (# 20). After the initial tilt error is largely corrected in the coarse adjustment process, fine correction is performed in the fine adjustment process. . Details of each step will be described below.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing a detailed flow of the rough adjustment process of the initial adjustment process.
- the coarse adjustment step first, while driving the movable mirror 15 (# 11), the laser interference light is detected by the second photodetector 24 (four-divided sensor), and the change in the contrast of the interference light at this time is detected. While detecting (# 12), a tilt error (tilt amount) is detected based on the contrast change (# 13). Then, the fixed mirror 14 is driven in a non-resonant manner by the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 103 and the like, and the tilt error is corrected (# 14). Note that the contrast indicates the intensity ratio of light and dark of the interference light, and the contrast increases as the difference between light and dark increases.
- FIG. 28 shows the relationship between the relative tilt (tilt error) between the reflected light from the movable mirror 15 and the reflected light from the fixed mirror 14 and the contrast at that time.
- the contrast is maximum (for example, 1) when the relative inclination of both reflected lights is zero in the Pitch direction and the Roll direction, and the relative inclination of both reflected lights occurs in either direction. It can be seen that the contrast decreases. Accordingly, the position of the fixed mirror 14 with the highest contrast can be found by driving the fixed mirror 14 at a pitch of 0.5 minutes, for example, in the Pitch direction and the Roll direction while detecting the contrast of the interference light. Thus, the initial tilt error can be largely corrected.
- the fixed mirror 14 is driven at a 1-minute pitch in the pitch direction and the roll direction, and then the fixed mirror 14 is driven at a 0.5-minute pitch to find the position of the fixed mirror 14 with the highest contrast.
- the initial tilt error may be largely corrected.
- FIG. 29 shows the relationship between the relative inclination of both reflected lights and the contrast of the interference light detected by adding the outputs of the respective splitting elements of the quadrant sensor, and the relative inclination of both reflected lights, The relationship with the contrast of the interference light detected only from the output of one division element is also shown.
- the light beam diameter of the interference light is, for example, ⁇ 1.65 mm, and the light beam diameter is regulated to, for example, ⁇ 1 mm by a diaphragm disposed in front of the second photodetector 24.
- the change in contrast can be detected even if the relative inclination of both reflected lights is changed to 160 seconds (about 3 minutes) (in the figure). 0.4-1 change). On the contrary, this means that the detectable range of the relative inclination of both reflected lights based on the change in contrast is as wide as 160 seconds.
- the contrast becomes zero when the relative inclination of both reflected lights is changed to 120 seconds, and the contrast is detected at an inclination higher than that. Can not do. For this reason, the range in which the inclination can be changed is 120 seconds or less. That is, the detectable range of the tilt is narrower in the latter than in the former. This is because the smaller the light receiving area of the sensor with respect to the constant beam diameter of the interference light, the higher the sensitivity to the change in contrast and the greater the change in output (amplitude).
- the amount of change in the contrast of the interference light with respect to the change in the relative inclination of the both reflected light is reduced by detecting the contrast of the interference light by adding the outputs of the respective divided elements.
- the detectable range of the relative inclination (tilt amount) of both reflected lights based on the change in the contrast of the interference light can be widened. Therefore, even when the initial tilt error is large due to changes over time, the large initial tilt error can be reliably detected and corrected in the coarse adjustment step.
- the detectable range of the tilt of the fixed mirror 14 based on the change in contrast is increased to about 3 minutes, the change in contrast with the change in tilt is reduced as shown in FIG.
- the inclination of the fixed mirror 14 cannot be detected at a pitch of 0.2 minutes or less based on the change in contrast.
- the minimum pitch value (0.2 minutes in the above example) that can detect the inclination of the fixed mirror 14 is also referred to as resolution.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing a detailed flow of the fine adjustment process.
- the fine adjustment step first, the laser interference light is converted into the second light while the movable mirror 15 is finely driven (# 21) so that the phase difference (optical path difference) between the movable mirror 15 and the fixed mirror 14 is near zero.
- the position is detected by the detector 24 (four-divided sensor), and the position of the movable mirror 15 at this time is detected (# 22).
- the relative tilt amount (tilt amount) and the relative tilt direction (tilt direction) of both reflected lights near the phase difference of zero are detected (# 23).
- the fixed mirror 14 is driven in a non-resonant manner by the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 103 and the like, and the tilt error is corrected (# 24).
- the remaining tilt error (tilt amount, tilt direction) that could not be corrected in the coarse adjustment step can be detected.
- the relative tilt amount and tilt direction of both reflected lights are detected based on the phase difference between the outputs of the split elements when the interference light of both reflected lights is received by the four-divided sensor.
- FIG. 31 shows the relationship between, for example, the relative inclination of both reflected lights in the Pitch direction and the phase difference between the outputs of two splitting elements adjacent in the direction corresponding to the Pitch direction.
- the above-mentioned inclination of about 60 seconds (1 minute) can be detected from the phase difference between the outputs of the respective dividing elements.
- the amount of change in phase difference is large from 0 second to around 60 seconds, the inclination can be detected at a pitch of 0.01 minutes based on the phase difference.
- the same relationship as in FIG. 31 is obtained for the Roll direction.
- the tilt amount can be detected with higher resolution than in the coarse adjustment process.
- the fine adjustment step since the phase difference between the outputs of the respective dividing elements is observed, it is possible to detect the tilt direction depending on which of the two dividing elements causes the phase difference.
- tilt correction can be performed by tilting the fixed mirror 14 by a predetermined amount in a direction in which the initial tilt error is eliminated in # 24.
- the initial tilt error can be removed with high accuracy before spectroscopic measurement. Therefore, in the subsequent spectroscopic measurement, the spectroscopic analysis can be performed with high accuracy by correcting the tilt error caused by the movement of the movable mirror 15 in the dynamic alignment step during the spectroscopic measurement.
- the position of the movable mirror 15 where the phase difference becomes zero can also be obtained from the output of the first photodetector 17 of the first optical system 10, for example.
- the measurement light input unit 11 of the first optical system 10 emits near-infrared light, a so-called center burst in which the interference intensity is maximum for light of any wavelength at a position where the phase difference of the movable mirror 15 is zero. Therefore, by monitoring the center burst based on the output of the first photodetector 17, the position where the phase difference of the movable mirror 15 becomes zero can be detected.
- the tilt amount and the tilt direction may be detected based on the phase difference from the sum of the outputs of the light receiving areas E3 and E4).
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing a detailed flow of the dynamic alignment process.
- the dynamic alignment process is performed during the spectroscopic measurement in which the movable mirror 15 is translated and driven with the maximum amplitude while introducing the measurement light from the measurement light input unit 11, and the Pitch, It is performed in each direction of Roll.
- the tilt amount and tilt direction are detected in real time (# 31, # 32), and the fixed mirror 14 is driven non-resonantly by expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 103, etc., thereby tilting errors of both reflected lights Is corrected (# 33, # 34).
- the method of detecting the tilt amount and the tilt direction is exactly the same as the fine adjustment process except that the movable mirror 15 is driven with the maximum amplitude.
- the tilt amount in the pitch direction can be detected based on the phase difference between the outputs of the two split elements adjacent in the direction corresponding to the pitch direction, and the two split elements adjacent in the direction corresponding to the roll direction can be detected.
- the amount of tilt in the Roll direction can be detected based on the output phase difference.
- the tilt error can be suppressed to ⁇ 0.1 minutes or less in each of the pitch and roll directions.
- the contrast of interference light and its change are detected by adding the outputs of the respective split elements (all split elements) in the coarse adjustment step.
- the detection range of the change in the tilt amount of the both reflected light based on the change in contrast can be widened. As a result, even when the initial tilt error is large due to changes over time, the large initial tilt error can be reliably detected and corrected in the coarse adjustment step.
- the relative tilt amount of the two reflected lights is detected based on the phase difference between the outputs of the split elements when the interference light of the two reflected lights is received by the four-divided sensor.
- the tilt amount can be detected more finely.
- the tilt direction can also be detected by selecting two splitting elements for viewing the phase difference. Therefore, the fine adjustment process enables tilt correction with higher resolution than the coarse adjustment process.
- the initial tilt error can be removed with high accuracy before the spectroscopic measurement.
- the tilt error caused by the movement of the movable mirror 15 can be corrected in real time while performing the spectroscopic measurement by the dynamic alignment process. Further, when the movable mirror 15 is driven to resonate during the spectroscopic measurement, the movable mirror 15 can be moved with a large displacement. However, if the amount of movement of the movable mirror 15 is large, it becomes difficult to ensure translation, and tilt. Error is likely to occur. Therefore, the correction of the tilt error during the spectroscopic measurement by the dynamic alignment process is very effective particularly when the movable mirror 15 is driven by resonance.
- the tilt error is corrected by driving the fixed mirror 14, and therefore the tilt error correction mechanism and the drive mechanism 18 of the movable mirror 15 are provided. It can be set as another structure. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the drive mechanism 18 of the movable mirror 15 from becoming complicated.
- tilt correction is performed by non-resonant driving of the fixed mirror 14.
- tilt correction can be easily performed.
- non-resonant driving of the fixed mirror 14 can be reliably realized by expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 103 and the like.
- the movable mirror 15 is driven to resonate by a drive mechanism 18 using a parallel leaf spring (see FIG. 4 and the like).
- a parallel leaf spring By using a parallel leaf spring, the movable mirror 15 can be easily resonantly driven.
- a piezoelectric element 35a is formed on the surface of one of the two leaf spring portions 31 and 32 constituting the parallel leaf spring, and the movable mirror 15 has two leaf spring portions due to expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric element 35a. Resonance drive is performed by resonance of 31 and 32.
- the parallel leaf spring using such a piezoelectric element 35a can surely realize the resonance drive of the movable mirror 15.
- the drive mechanism 18 may include a drive unit 35 having a coil 35b and a magnet 35c.
- the movable mirror 15 may be driven to resonate by resonating the two leaf spring portions 31 and 32 by controlling the current flowing through the coil 35b.
- the resonance drive of the movable mirror 15 can be reliably realized by an electromagnetic system using the coil 35b, the magnet, and 35c as the drive unit 35.
- the interferometer may include a measurement light source and irradiate the sample with measurement light emitted from the measurement light source. Therefore, the measurement light for obtaining the first interference light may be light emitted from a light source built in the interferometer, or may be light incident from the outside of the interferometer. It can be said.
- the present invention can be used in a Fourier transform spectroscopic analyzer that performs spectroscopic analysis using a Michelson interferometer.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態の分光器としてのフーリエ変換分光分析装置の概略の構成を模式的に示す説明図である。この装置は、マイケルソン干渉計の原理を利用して、測定光を分光する装置であり、干渉計1と、演算部2と、出力部3とを有して構成されている。干渉計1は、2光路分岐型のマイケルソン干渉計で構成されているが、その詳細については後述する。演算部2は、干渉計1から出力される信号のサンプリング、A/D変換およびフーリエ変換を行い、測定光に含まれる波長のスペクトル、すなわち、波数(1/波長)ごとの光の強度を示すスペクトルを生成する。出力部3は、演算部2にて生成されたスペクトルを出力(例えば表示)する。以下、干渉計1の詳細について説明する。
(2-1.全体構成)
次に、上述した駆動機構18の詳細について説明する。図4は、駆動機構18の概略の構成を示す斜視図であり、図5は、駆動機構18の断面図である。この駆動機構18は、上記の移動鏡15に加えて、2つの板ばね部31・32と、2つの剛体33・34と、駆動部35と、電圧印加部36と、保持部37とを有した平行板ばねで構成されている。なお、図5およびそれ以降に登場する断面図では、便宜上、後述する引き出し電極53および固定電極54の図示を省略している。
ところで、平行板ばねにおいて、圧電素子に電圧を印加しても移動体(例えば剛体33や移動鏡15に相当する)は平行移動ではなく、傾いて移動する場合がある。これは、圧電素子の伸縮によって一方の板ばね部だけが伸縮(変形)することにより、2つの板ばね部同士で長さが異なってしまうことが原因と考えられる。
f0=(1/2π)・√(k/m)
ただし、
k:ばね部のばね定数
m:平行移動部の質量(g)
である。
次に、駆動部35(圧電素子35a)の配置位置の詳細について説明する。図4および図5に示すように、圧電素子35aは、板ばね部31における板ばね部32とは反対側の表面に設けられている。しかも、圧電素子35aは、板ばね部31の上記表面において、剛体33・34が並んで配置される方向(Y方向)における、板ばね部31の平板部31pの中央Cよりも剛体34側に設けられている。このような圧電素子35aの配置により、以下の効果を得ることができる。
L2/L1≦0.3
を満足することが望ましい。その理由は以下の通りである。
図8は、駆動機構18の他の構成を示す斜視図であり、図9は、図8の駆動機構18の断面図である。この駆動機構18は、圧電素子35aとは異なる圧電素子38を備えている点で、図4および図5の駆動機構18とは異なっている。この圧電素子38は、板ばね部32における板ばね部31とは反対側の表面であって、板ばね部31・32の対向方向(Z方向)に垂直な面Rに対して、圧電素子35aと対称となる位置に設けられている。
ところで、圧電素子は、電圧を印加すると伸縮するが、逆に、力を加えて変形させたときには、その歪みに応じた電圧を出力する。共振時に剛体33および移動鏡15の変位が最大になると、圧電素子も大きく歪むので、圧電素子から出力される電圧(例えば絶対値)も最大になる。したがって、このことを利用し、圧電素子から出力される電圧(特に最大電圧)を監視すれば、共振によって剛体33および移動鏡15が変位しているか否かを検知することができ、共振周波数の変動に対応することも可能となる。なお、共振周波数の変動は、例えば、参照光源21の発熱による環境温度の変化により、熱膨張または収縮によって上記したばね部の形状が変化し、ばね定数が変化することによって起こり得る。以下、共振周波数の変動に対応可能な具体的構成について説明する。
図14は、駆動機構18のさらに他の構成を示す断面図である。同図に示すように、駆動機構18の板ばね部31の平板部31pは、絶縁酸化膜層31bと活性層31cとの2層で構成されていてもよく、板ばね部32の平板部32pは、絶縁酸化膜層32bと活性層32cとの2層で構成されていてもよい。
次に、上述した構成の駆動機構18によって移動鏡15を共振駆動した場合の性能について説明する。図18および図19は、駆動機構18によって移動鏡をZ方向に±1.5mm駆動する場合の移動鏡の変位とチルトエラー量(傾き角)との関係をそれぞれ示しており、図18はPitch方向のチルトエラー量を、図19はRoll方向のチルトエラー量を示している。
(4-1.光路補正装置の構成)
図21(a)は、光路補正装置102の概略の構成を示す側面図であり、図21(b)は、光路補正装置102で支持された固定鏡14の平面図である。光路補正装置102は、電圧印加によって伸縮する複数(図21(b)では4つ)の圧電素子103を有している。各圧電素子103の伸縮方向の一端面は、固定鏡14と連結されている一方、他端面は、固定台104に連結され、各圧電素子103が支持されている。各圧電素子103は、固定鏡14の底面の中心を通る軸に対して周方向に等間隔で(90度おきに)配置されている。この結果、2つの圧電素子103・103が上記軸を挟んで対向配置されるとともに、このように対向配置される圧電素子103・103が2組存在することになる。
図23(a)は、光路補正装置102の他の構成を示す平面図であり、図23(b)は、上記光路補正装置102の側面図である。なお、図23(a)では、便宜上、固定鏡14の図示を省略している。図23(a)(b)に示す光路補正装置102も干渉計1および分光分析装置に適用することが可能である。
次に、本実施形態におけるチルト補正の手順の詳細について説明する。
図27は、初期調整工程の粗調工程の詳細な流れを示すフローチャートである。粗調工程では、まず、移動鏡15を駆動しながら(#11)、レーザ干渉光を第2の光検出器24(4分割センサ)で検出して、このときの干渉光のコントラストの変化を検出するとともに(#12)、このコントラストの変化に基づいて、チルト誤差(チルト量)を検知する(#13)。そして、上述した圧電素子103等の伸縮によって固定鏡14を非共振で駆動してチルト誤差を補正する(#14)。なお、コントラストとは、干渉光の明暗の強度比を示し、明暗の差が大きくなるほどコントラストは高くなる。
次に、初期調整工程の微調工程について説明する。図30は、微調工程の詳細な流れを示すフローチャートである。微調工程では、まず、移動鏡15と固定鏡14との位相差(光路差)がゼロ付近となるように、移動鏡15を微小駆動しながら(#21)、レーザ干渉光を第2の光検出器24(4分割センサ)で検出して、このときの移動鏡15の位置を検出する(#22)。そして、位相差ゼロ付近での両反射光の相対的な傾き量(チルト量)および相対的な傾き方向(チルト方向)を検知する(#23)。そして、上述した圧電素子103等の伸縮によって固定鏡14を非共振で駆動してチルト誤差を補正する(#24)。
次に、ダイナミックアライメント工程について説明する。図32は、ダイナミックアライメント工程の詳細な流れを示すフローチャートである。ダイナミックアライメント工程は、測定光入力部11から測定光を導入しながら移動鏡15を最大振幅で並進駆動する分光測定中に行われるものであり、上述したフィードバック制御(図22参照)により、Pitch、Rollの各方向について行われる。
以上のように、本実施形態のチルト補正方法においては、粗調工程にて、各分割素子(全分割素子)の出力を合算して干渉光のコントラストおよびその変化を検出するので、干渉光のコントラストの変化に基づく両反射光のチルト量の変化の検知範囲を広くすることができる。これにより、経時変化等によって初期のチルト誤差が大きい場合でも、粗調工程にて、その大きな初期のチルト誤差を確実に検知して補正することができる。
本実施形態では、干渉計の外部で試料に光を当てて、試料を介して得られる光を干渉計に入射させて分光分析を行う場合について説明したが、例えば、干渉計の外部から導入した光を用いて干渉計にて干渉光を生成し、その干渉光を試料に当てて分光分析を行う場合や、干渉計の外部から入射する光そのものを分析の対象としてもよい。また、本実施形態で示した測定光入力部11の代わりに測定光源を配置すれば、測定光源の分析を行うこともできる。さらに、干渉計が測定光源を内蔵して、測定光源から出射される測定光を試料に照射する構成としてもよい。したがって、第1の干渉光を得るための測定光は、干渉計が内蔵している光源から出射される光であってもよいし、干渉計の外部から入射してくる光であってもよいと言える。
15 移動鏡
18 駆動機構
24 第2の光検出器(4分割センサ)
31 板ばね部
32 板ばね部
35a 圧電素子
35b コイル
35c 磁石
103 圧電素子
112 圧電素子
Claims (10)
- 分光器における移動鏡での反射光と固定鏡での反射光とのチルト誤差を補正するチルト補正方法であって、
分光測定前に、前記両反射光の初期のチルト誤差を検知して補正する粗調工程と、前記粗調工程よりも前記初期のチルト誤差を細かく検知して補正する微調工程とを含む初期調整工程と、
分光測定中に、前記移動鏡の移動によって生じる前記両反射光のチルト誤差を検知して補正するダイナミックアライメント工程とを有しており、
前記粗調工程では、レーザ光を2つに分離して前記移動鏡および前記固定鏡に導き、前記移動鏡を移動させながら前記移動鏡での反射光と前記固定鏡での反射光との干渉光を4分割センサで受光したときの各分割素子の出力を合算して前記干渉光のコントラストの変化を検出するとともに、前記コントラストの変化に基づいて、前記両反射光の相対的なチルト量を検知して前記初期のチルト誤差を補正し、
前記微調工程では、前記両反射光の干渉光を前記4分割センサで受光したときの各分割素子の出力の位相差に基づいて、前記両反射光の相対的なチルト量およびチルト方向を検知して前記初期のチルト誤差を補正することを特徴とするチルト補正方法。 - 前記微調工程では、前記移動鏡を往復移動するように駆動したときの最大駆動振幅の1/10以下の移動範囲において、前記両反射光の相対的なチルト量およびチルト方向を検知して前記初期のチルト誤差を補正することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記ダイナミックアライメント工程では、前記両反射光の干渉光を前記4分割センサで受光したときの各分割素子の出力に基づいて、前記両反射光の相対的なチルト量およびチルト方向を検知して、前記移動鏡の移動によって生じる前記両反射光のチルト誤差を補正することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のチルト補正方法。
- 分光測定中における前記移動鏡の駆動は、共振駆動であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記初期調整工程および前記ダイナミックアライメント工程では、前記固定鏡を駆動することによってチルト誤差を補正することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記初期調整工程および前記ダイナミックアライメント工程では、前記固定鏡の非共振駆動によって、チルト誤差を補正することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記固定鏡は、圧電素子の伸縮によって非共振駆動されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記移動鏡は、平行板ばねを用いた駆動機構によって共振駆動されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のチルト補正方法。
- 前記平行板ばねを構成する2つの板ばね部の少なくとも一方の表面には、圧電素子が形成されており、
前記移動鏡は、前記圧電素子の伸縮による前記2つの板ばね部の共振によって、共振駆動されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のチルト補正方法。 - 前記平行板ばねには磁石が配置されている一方、前記磁石と離間してコイルが配置されており、
前記移動鏡は、前記コイルに流す電流を制御することによって前記2つの板ばね部を共振させることにより、共振駆動されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のチルト補正方法。
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