WO2012056513A1 - 研磨パッド及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
研磨パッド及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056513A1 WO2012056513A1 PCT/JP2010/068911 JP2010068911W WO2012056513A1 WO 2012056513 A1 WO2012056513 A1 WO 2012056513A1 JP 2010068911 W JP2010068911 W JP 2010068911W WO 2012056513 A1 WO2012056513 A1 WO 2012056513A1
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- isocyanate
- polishing
- polishing pad
- prepolymer
- molecular weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
Definitions
- the present invention stabilizes flattening processing of optical materials such as lenses and reflecting mirrors, silicon wafers, glass substrates for hard disks, aluminum substrates, and materials that require high surface flatness such as general metal polishing processing,
- the present invention relates to a polishing pad that can be performed with high polishing efficiency.
- the polishing pad of the present invention is particularly suitable for a step of planarizing a silicon wafer and a device having an oxide layer, a metal layer, etc. formed thereon, before further laminating and forming these oxide layers and metal layers. Used for.
- a typical material that requires a high degree of surface flatness is a single crystal silicon disk called a silicon wafer for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC, LSI).
- Silicon wafers have a highly accurate surface in each process of stacking and forming oxide layers and metal layers in order to form reliable semiconductor junctions of various thin films used for circuit formation in IC, LSI, and other manufacturing processes. It is required to finish flat.
- a polishing pad is generally fixed to a rotatable support disk called a platen, and a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer is fixed to a polishing head.
- a polishing operation is performed by generating a relative speed between the platen and the polishing head by both movements, and continuously supplying a polishing slurry containing abrasive grains onto the polishing pad.
- the polishing characteristics of the polishing pad are required to be excellent in flatness (planarity) and in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished, and to have a high polishing rate.
- the flatness and in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished can be improved to some extent by increasing the elastic modulus of the polishing layer.
- the polishing rate can be improved by using a foam containing bubbles and increasing the amount of slurry retained.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 polishing pads made of non-foamed synthetic resin or polishing pads made of polyurethane foam have been proposed.
- the conventional polishing pad made of non-foamed material has a problem that the cutting rate at the time of dressing is low and the dressing takes too much time.
- JP 2006-110665 A Japanese Patent No. 4128606
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polishing pad that hardly causes scratches on the surface of an object to be polished and has improved dressing properties, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention provides a polishing pad having a polishing layer made of non-foamed polyurethane
- the non-foamed polyurethane is an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A obtained by reacting a prepolymer A raw material composition containing diisocyanate, high molecular weight polyol (a), and low molecular weight polyol,
- An isocyanate-modified prepolymer B obtained by addition of three or more diisocyanates
- an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B obtained by reacting a prepolymer B raw material composition containing a high-molecular-weight polyol (b), and a chain extender
- the present invention relates to a polishing pad characterized in that the addition amount of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B is 5 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate-terminated prepo
- the present invention is characterized in that the polishing layer is formed of non-foamed polyurethane. As a result, the contact area between the object to be polished and the polishing layer is increased, and the surface pressure applied to the object to be polished becomes low and uniform, so that the generation of scratches on the surface to be polished can be effectively suppressed.
- the present inventors use the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A and the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B in combination as a raw material for the non-foamed polyurethane, and regulate chemical cross-linking in the polymer by reacting these with a chain extender. It has been found that by introducing it regularly (formally forming a three-dimensional cross-linked structure), the non-foamed polyurethane becomes hard and brittle and the cut rate during dressing increases, so that the pad surface is easily renewed. Moreover, a chemical cross-linking network can be expanded by using the two kinds of prepolymers. Thereby, the brittleness on the entire surface of the polishing layer can be made uniform, and variations in wear can be suppressed.
- the molecular weight of the polyurethane can be easily adjusted by prepolymerizing the isocyanate-modified product that is a three-dimensional crosslinking component. Thereby, the brittleness of the polyurethane is prevented from becoming excessive, and the life of the pad can be extended.
- the high molecular weight polyol (a) is preferably a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5000, and the diisocyanate is preferably toluene diisocyanate and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
- the high molecular weight polyol (b) is preferably a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of 250 to 2000, and the isocyanate-modified product is preferably an isocyanurate-type and / or burette-type hexamethylene diisocyanate-modified product.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B is preferably synthesized with NCO Index 3.5 to 6.0.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B It is necessary to add 5 to 30 parts by weight of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B with respect to 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A.
- the addition amount of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B is less than 5 parts by weight, the ratio of chemical crosslinking in the polymer becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to make the non-foamed polyurethane sufficiently brittle.
- it exceeds 30 parts by weight the ratio of chemical crosslinking in the polymer becomes excessive, and the hardness of the non-foamed polyurethane becomes too high, so that the surface of the polishing object is likely to be scratched.
- the non-foamed polyurethane preferably has an Asker D hardness of 65 to 80 degrees.
- Asker D hardness is less than 65 degrees, the flatness of the object to be polished tends to decrease.
- it is larger than 80 degrees the flatness is good, but the in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished tends to decrease. In addition, scratches are likely to occur on the surface of the object to be polished.
- the polishing pad of the present invention preferably has a cut rate of more than 1 ⁇ m / min and 2 ⁇ m / min or less from the viewpoint of the balance between pad surface renewability and pad life extension.
- three or more diisocyanates are added to 100 parts by weight of isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A obtained by reacting a prepolymer A raw material composition containing diisocyanate, high molecular weight polyol (a), and low molecular weight polyol.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing method including a step of polishing a surface of a semiconductor wafer using the polishing pad.
- the polishing pad of the present invention has a polishing layer made of non-foamed polyurethane.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be only the polishing layer or a laminate of the polishing layer and another layer (for example, a cushion layer).
- Polyurethane resin is a particularly preferable material as a material for forming the polishing layer because it has excellent wear resistance and a polymer having desired physical properties can be easily obtained by variously changing the raw material composition.
- the non-foamed polyurethane is obtained by adding three or more diisocyanates to an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A obtained by reacting a prepolymer A raw material composition containing a diisocyanate, a high molecular weight polyol (a), and a low molecular weight polyol. It is a reaction cured product of a polyurethane raw material composition containing an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B obtained by reacting a quantified isocyanate-modified product and a prepolymer B raw material composition containing a high molecular weight polyol (b), and a chain extender.
- diisocyanate a compound known in the field of polyurethane can be used without particular limitation.
- the isocyanate-modified product in the present invention is a compound or a mixture thereof which has been multiplied by adding three or more diisocyanates.
- the modified isocyanate include 1) trimethylolpropane adduct type, 2) burette type, and 3) isocyanurate type, with isocyanurate type and burette type being particularly preferable.
- aliphatic diisocyanate is preferably used as the diisocyanate forming the isocyanate-modified product, and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate is particularly preferably used.
- the isocyanate-modified product may be modified by urethane modification, allophanate modification, burette modification or the like.
- High molecular weight polyols (a) and (b) include polyether polyols typified by polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyester polyols typified by polybutylene adipate, polycaprolactone polyols, polyester glycols such as polycaprolactone and alkylene carbonates.
- the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyol (a) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 to 5000, and more preferably 1000 to 2000. If the number average molecular weight is less than 500, the hard segment tends to be excessive, and the polyurethane tends to have low toughness. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight exceeds 5,000, polyurethane becomes too soft, so that a polishing pad produced from this polyurethane tends to have poor planarization characteristics.
- the number average molecular weight of the high molecular weight polyol (b) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 250 to 2000, and more preferably 250 to 650. When the number average molecular weight is less than 250, the wear resistance is lowered, and it is difficult to extend the life of the pad. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight exceeds 2000, the renewability of the pad surface during dressing tends to be poor.
- Low molecular weight polyol is an essential raw material for isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A.
- the low molecular weight polyol include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3- Butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) Benzene, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, tetramethylolcyclohexane, methylglucoside, sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol, sucrose,
- low molecular weight polyamines such as ethylenediamine, tolylenediamine, diphenylmethanediamine, and diethylenetriamine can be used in combination as raw materials for the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers A and B.
- alcohol amines such as monoethanolamine, 2- (2-aminoethylamino) ethanol, and monopropanolamine can be used in combination. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the low molecular weight polyol, the low molecular weight polyamine or the like is not particularly limited and is appropriately determined depending on the characteristics required for the polishing pad (polishing layer) to be produced, but all active hydrogen which is a raw material of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A It is preferably 10 to 25 mol% of the group-containing compound.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B it is preferable to blend the isocyanate-modified product and the high molecular weight polyol (b) so that the NCO Index is 3.5 to 6.0, and more preferably, the NCO Index is 4 0.0 to 5.5.
- the chain extender is an organic compound having at least two active hydrogen groups, and examples of the active hydrogen group include a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a thiol group (SH).
- the active hydrogen group include a hydroxyl group, a primary or secondary amino group, and a thiol group (SH).
- MOCA 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline)
- 2,6-dichloro-p-phenylenediamine 4,4′-methylenebis (2,3-dichloroaniline)
- 3,5 -Bis (methylthio) -2,4-toluenediamine 3,5-bis (methylthio) -2,6-toluenediamine, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2,4-diamine, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2 , 6-diamine
- trimethylene glycol-di-p-aminobenzoate polytetramethylene oxide-di-p-aminobenz
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B needs to be added in an amount of 5 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer A.
- the number of isocyanate groups of the prepolymer relative to the number of active hydrogen groups (hydroxyl groups, amino groups) of the chain extender is 0.8 to 1.2. It is preferably 0.99 to 1.15. When the number of isocyanate groups is outside the above range, curing failure occurs and the required specific gravity and hardness cannot be obtained, and the polishing characteristics tend to be deteriorated.
- isocyanate-terminated prepolymers A and B having a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to 8000 are preferable because of excellent processability and physical characteristics.
- the non-foamed polyurethane can be produced by applying a known urethanization technique such as a melting method or a solution method, but is preferably produced by a melting method in consideration of cost, working environment and the like.
- a known urethanization technique such as a melting method or a solution method
- a known catalyst such as a tertiary amine system that promotes a polyurethane reaction may be used.
- the type and addition amount of the catalyst are selected in consideration of the flow time for pouring into a mold having a predetermined shape after the mixing step.
- non-foamed polyurethane is a batch method in which each component is weighed and put into a container and stirred. Alternatively, each component is continuously supplied to the stirring device and stirred, and the polyurethane raw material composition is sent out. It may be a continuous production method for producing a molded product.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers A and B (first component) are placed in a reaction vessel, and then a chain extender (second component) is added and stirred, and then poured into a casting mold of a predetermined size to produce a block.
- a thin sheet may be formed by slicing the block using a saddle-like or band saw-like slicer, or in the above-described casting step.
- a sheet-like non-foamed polyurethane may be obtained by extrusion from a T die.
- the non-foamed polyurethane preferably has an Asker D hardness of 65 to 80 degrees, more preferably 70 to 75 degrees.
- the polishing surface of the polishing pad (polishing layer) of the present invention that comes into contact with the object to be polished preferably has a concavo-convex structure for holding and updating the slurry.
- a polishing layer made of a non-foamed material has a poor function of holding and renewing the slurry, but by forming a concavo-convex structure on the polishing surface, it is possible to efficiently hold and renew the slurry, and It is possible to prevent destruction of the object to be polished due to adsorption.
- the concavo-convex structure is not particularly limited as long as it is a shape that holds and renews the slurry.
- an XY lattice groove for example, an XY lattice groove, a concentric circular groove, a through hole, a non-penetrating hole, a polygonal column, a cylinder, a spiral groove, Examples include eccentric circular grooves, radial grooves, and combinations of these grooves.
- these uneven structures are generally regular, but in order to make the slurry retention and renewability desirable, the groove pitch, groove width, groove depth, etc. should be changed for each range. Is also possible.
- the method for producing the concavo-convex structure is not particularly limited.
- a method of machine cutting using a jig such as a tool of a predetermined size, pouring a resin into a mold having a predetermined surface shape, and curing.
- a method of producing a resin by pressing a method of producing using photolithography, a method of producing using a printing technique, a carbon dioxide laser, etc.
- Examples include a manufacturing method using laser light.
- the thickness of the polishing layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.8 to 4 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
- a method for producing the polishing layer having the above thickness a method in which the non-foamed polyurethane block is made to have a predetermined thickness using a band saw type or canna type slicer, a resin is poured into a mold having a predetermined thickness cavity, and curing is performed. And a method using a coating technique or a sheet forming technique.
- the thickness variation of the polishing layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness variation exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the polishing layer has a large undulation, and there are portions where the contact state with the object to be polished is different, which adversely affects the polishing characteristics.
- the surface of the polishing layer is dressed with a dresser in which diamond abrasive grains are electrodeposited and fused in the initial stage of polishing. As a result, the dressing time becomes longer and the production efficiency is lowered.
- a method for suppressing the variation in the thickness of the polishing layer there is a method of buffing the surface of the polishing sheet sliced to a predetermined thickness. Moreover, when buffing, it is preferable to carry out stepwise with abrasives having different particle sizes.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be a laminate of the polishing layer and the cushion layer.
- the cushion layer supplements the characteristics of the polishing layer.
- the cushion layer is necessary in order to achieve both planarity and uniformity in a trade-off relationship in CMP.
- Planarity refers to the flatness of a pattern portion when a polishing object having minute irregularities generated during pattern formation is polished, and uniformity refers to the uniformity of the entire polishing object.
- the planarity is improved by the characteristics of the polishing layer, and the uniformity is improved by the characteristics of the cushion layer.
- the cushion layer is preferably softer than the polishing layer.
- the cushion layer examples include fiber nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric, nylon nonwoven fabric, and acrylic nonwoven fabric, resin-impregnated nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric impregnated with polyurethane, polymer resin foams such as polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam, butadiene rubber, and isoprene.
- fiber nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric, nylon nonwoven fabric, and acrylic nonwoven fabric
- resin-impregnated nonwoven fabrics such as polyester nonwoven fabric impregnated with polyurethane
- polymer resin foams such as polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam
- butadiene rubber butadiene rubber
- isoprene examples include rubber resins such as rubber and photosensitive resins.
- Examples of means for attaching the polishing layer and the cushion layer include a method of sandwiching and pressing the polishing layer and the cushion layer with a double-sided tape.
- the double-sided tape has a general configuration in which adhesive layers are provided on both sides of a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric or a film. In consideration of preventing the slurry from penetrating into the cushion layer, it is preferable to use a film for the substrate.
- the composition of the adhesive layer include rubber adhesives and acrylic adhesives. Considering the content of metal ions, an acrylic adhesive is preferable because the metal ion content is low.
- the composition of each adhesive layer of the double-sided tape can be made different so that the adhesive force of each layer can be optimized.
- the polishing pad of the present invention may be provided with a double-sided tape on the surface to be bonded to the platen.
- a double-sided tape a tape having a general configuration in which an adhesive layer is provided on both surfaces of a base material can be used as described above.
- a base material a nonwoven fabric, a film, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- a film for the substrate it is preferable to use a film for the substrate.
- the composition of the adhesive layer include rubber adhesives and acrylic adhesives. Considering the content of metal ions, an acrylic adhesive is preferable because the metal ion content is low.
- the semiconductor device is manufactured through a process of polishing the surface of the semiconductor wafer using the polishing pad.
- a semiconductor wafer is generally a laminate of a wiring metal and an oxide film on a silicon wafer.
- the method and apparatus for polishing the semiconductor wafer are not particularly limited.
- a polishing surface plate 2 that supports a polishing pad (polishing layer) 1 and a support table (polishing head) that supports the semiconductor wafer 4. 5 and a polishing apparatus equipped with a backing material for uniformly pressing the wafer and a supply mechanism of the abrasive 3.
- the polishing pad 1 is attached to the polishing surface plate 2 by attaching it with a double-sided tape, for example.
- the polishing surface plate 2 and the support base 5 are disposed so that the polishing pad 1 and the semiconductor wafer 4 supported on each of the polishing surface plate 2 and the support table 5 face each other, and are provided with rotating shafts 6 and 7 respectively. Further, a pressurizing mechanism for pressing the semiconductor wafer 4 against the polishing pad 1 is provided on the support base 5 side. In polishing, the semiconductor wafer 4 is pressed against the polishing pad 1 while rotating the polishing surface plate 2 and the support base 5, and polishing is performed while supplying slurry.
- the flow rate of the slurry, the polishing load, the polishing platen rotation speed, and the wafer rotation speed are not particularly limited and are appropriately adjusted.
- the protruding portion of the surface of the semiconductor wafer 4 is removed and polished flat. Thereafter, a semiconductor device is manufactured by dicing, bonding, packaging, or the like. The semiconductor device is used for an arithmetic processing device, a memory, and the like.
- the produced polishing pad was bonded to the platen of a polishing apparatus (Okamoto Machine Tool Co., Ltd., SPP600S).
- a dresser M type, manufactured by Asahi Diamond
- the surface of the polishing layer was dressed under the conditions of a dressing pressure of 50 g / cm 2 , a platen rotation number of 35 rpm, a flowing water amount of 200 ml / min, and a dressing time of 30 minutes.
- three samples (20 mm ⁇ 20 mm) were cut out at 120 ° intervals at the center position in the radial direction of the polishing pad.
- the surface roughness of each of the three samples was measured once using a stylus type surface level measuring device (P-15, manufactured by KLA Tencor), and the three-dimensional square root roughness Sq ( ⁇ m) was calculated. And the average value (average Sq value) of the Sq values of the three samples was calculated.
- the average Sq value is preferably 6 to 9 ⁇ m.
- the produced polishing pad was bonded to the platen of a polishing apparatus (Okamoto Machine Tool Co., Ltd., SPP600S).
- a dresser M type, manufactured by Asahi Diamond
- the surface of the polishing layer under the conditions of a dress load of 9.7 lbf, a dress pressure of 50 g / cm 2 , a platen rotation speed of 35 rpm, a flow rate of 200 ml / min, and a dressing time of 30 minutes Dressed up.
- a strip-shaped sample having a width of 20 mm and a length of 610 mm was cut out. The thickness was measured every 20 mm from the center of the sample (15 points on one side, 30 points in total).
- the cut rate is calculated by the following formula.
- silica slurry (SS12 Cabot) was added at a flow rate of 150 ml / min during polishing, the polishing load was 350 g / cm 2 , the polishing platen rotation speed was 35 rpm, and the wafer rotation speed was 30 rpm.
- silica slurry (SS12 Cabot) was added at a flow rate of 150 ml / min during polishing, the polishing load was 350 g / cm 2 , the polishing platen rotation speed was 35 rpm, and the wafer rotation speed was 30 rpm.
- polytetramethylene ether glycol having 100 parts by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., Sumidur N-3300, isocyanurate type) as an isocyanate-modified product and a number average molecular weight of 250 as an isocyanate-modified product. 16.3 parts by weight (NCO Index: 4.0) was added and reacted at 100 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B (1). 100 parts by weight of the prepolymer A and 16 parts by weight of the prepolymer B (1) were mixed and defoamed using a planetary stirring deaerator.
- the buffed sheet is punched out with a diameter of 61 cm, and a concentric circle having a groove width of 0.25 mm, a groove pitch of 1.50 mm, and a groove depth of 0.40 mm on the surface using a groove processing machine (manufactured by Techno). Groove processing was performed to obtain a polishing layer.
- a double-sided tape manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., double tack tape
- the surface of the corona-treated cushion layer (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., polyethylene foam, Torepef, thickness 0.8 mm) was buffed and bonded to the double-sided tape using a laminator. Further, a double-sided tape was attached to the other surface of the cushion layer using a laminator to prepare a polishing pad.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the addition amount of the prepolymer B (1) is 16 to 8 parts by weight, and the addition amount of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) is 33.1 to 29.8 parts by weight. A polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- Example 3 In a container, 100 parts by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (Sumidule N-3300, isocyanurate type) as a modified isocyanate and 100 parts by weight of polytetramethylene ether glycol having a number average molecular weight of 650 are obtained. 4 parts by weight (NCO Index: 4.0) was added and reacted at 100 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B (2). In Example 1, 16 parts by weight of prepolymer B (2) was used instead of 16 parts by weight of prepolymer B (1), and the amount of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) added was changed from 33.1 parts by weight. A polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed to 31.9 parts by weight.
- 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Sudule N-3300, isocyanurate type
- Example 4 In the container, 100 parts by weight of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (Sumidur N-3300, isocyanurate type, manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.) as an isocyanate-modified product and 39.1 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 600 (NCO Index: 4.0) and reacted at 100 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer B (3).
- 16 parts by weight of prepolymer B (3) was used instead of 16 parts by weight of prepolymer B (1), and the amount of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) added was changed from 33.1 parts by weight.
- a polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed to 32.0 parts by weight.
- Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that the prepolymer B (1) is not added and the amount of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) added is changed from 33.1 parts by weight to 26.6 parts by weight.
- a polishing pad was prepared in the same manner as described above.
- Example 2 the addition amount of the prepolymer B (1) is from 16 to 35 parts by weight, and the addition amount of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) is from 33.1 to 38.5 parts by weight.
- a polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- Comparative Example 3 100 parts by weight of the prepolymer A, 23.3 parts by weight of the prepolymer B (1), and 3.7 parts by weight of a silicon surfactant (manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicon, SH-192) are added to the polymerization vessel and mixed. The mixture was adjusted to 80 ° C. and degassed under reduced pressure. Then, it stirred vigorously for about 4 minutes so that a bubble might be taken in in a reaction system with the rotation speed of 900 rpm using the stirring blade. Thereto was added 36.1 parts by weight of 4,4′-methylenebis (o-chloroaniline) previously melted at 120 ° C.
- a silicon surfactant manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicon, SH-192
- the mixed liquid was stirred for about 70 seconds, and then poured into a pan-shaped open mold (casting container). When the fluidity of the mixed solution disappeared, it was put in an oven and post-cured at 100 ° C. for 16 hours to obtain a polyurethane foam block.
- the polyurethane foam block heated to about 80 ° C. was sliced using a slicer (AGW) and VGW-125 to obtain a polyurethane foam sheet. Next, using a buffing machine (Amitech Co., Ltd.), the surface of the sheet was buffed to a thickness of 1.27 mm to obtain a sheet with an adjusted thickness accuracy.
- the buffed sheet is punched out with a diameter of 61 cm, and a concentric circle having a groove width of 0.25 mm, a groove pitch of 1.50 mm, and a groove depth of 0.40 mm on the surface using a groove processing machine (manufactured by Techno). Groove processing was performed to obtain a polishing layer. Thereafter, a polishing pad was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- polishing pad polishing layer
- polishing surface plate Abrasive (slurry)
- polishing object polishing object (semiconductor wafer)
- Support base polishing head 6
- Rotating shaft Rotating shaft
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Abstract
Description
前記無発泡ポリウレタンは、ジイソシアネート、高分子量ポリオール(a)、及び低分子量ポリオールを含むプレポリマーA原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーA、
3つ以上のジイソシアネートが付加することにより多量化したイソシアネート変性体、及び高分子量ポリオール(b)を含むプレポリマーB原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーB、及び
鎖延長剤を含むポリウレタン原料組成物の反応硬化体であり、
イソシアネート末端プレポリマーBの添加量は、イソシアネート末端プレポリマーA100重量部に対して5~30重量部であることを特徴とする研磨パッド、に関する。
(数平均分子量の測定)
数平均分子量は、GPC(ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィ)にて測定し、標準ポリスチレンにより換算した。
GPC装置:島津製作所製、LC-10A
カラム:Polymer Laboratories社製、(PLgel、5μm、500Å)、(PLgel、5μm、100Å)、及び(PLgel、5μm、50Å)の3つのカラムを連結して使用
流量:1.0ml/min濃度:1.0g/l
注入量:40μl
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
JIS Z8807-1976に準拠して行った。作製した無発泡ポリウレタン、及びポリウレタン発泡体を4cm×8.5cmの短冊状(厚み:任意)に切り出したものを比重測定用試料とし、温度23℃±2℃、湿度50%±5%の環境で16時間静置した。測定には比重計(ザルトリウス社製)を用い、比重を測定した。
JIS K6253-1997に準拠して行った。作製した無発泡ポリウレタン、及びポリウレタン発泡体を2cm×2cm(厚み:任意)の大きさに切り出したものを硬度測定用試料とし、温度23℃±2℃、湿度50%±5%の環境で16時間静置した。測定時には、試料を重ね合わせ、厚み6mm以上とした。硬度計(高分子計器社製、アスカーD型硬度計)を用い、1分後の硬度を測定した。
作製した研磨パッドを研磨装置(岡本工作機械社製、SPP600S)のプラテンに貼り合わせた。ドレッサー(Asahi Diamond社製、Mタイプ)を用い、ドレス圧50g/cm2、プラテン回転数35rpm、流水量200ml/min、及びドレス時間30分の条件にて研磨層の表面をドレスした。ドレス終了後、研磨パッドの半径方向の中心位置において、サンプル(20mm×20mm)を120°間隔で3つ切り出した。触針式表面段差測定装置(KLAテンコール社製、P-15)を用いて3つのサンプルの表面粗さをそれぞれ1回測定し、3次元自乗平方根粗さSq(μm)をそれぞれ算出した。そして、3つのサンプルのSq値の平均値(平均Sq値)を算出した。平均Sq値は6~9μmであることが好ましい。なお、3次元自乗平方根粗さSqは、平均面をXY面、縦方向をZ軸とし、測定された表面形状曲線をz=f(x,y)とする時、下記式にて求められる。
測定条件
測定面積:500μm×500μm(測定長500μm)
スキャン速度:スキャンピッチ20μm/s
トレース:51(10μmピッチ)
測定荷重:2mg
作製した研磨パッドを研磨装置(岡本工作機械社製、SPP600S)のプラテンに貼り合わせた。ドレッサー(Asahi Diamond社製、Mタイプ)を用い、ドレス荷重9.7lbf、ドレス圧50g/cm2、プラテン回転数35rpm、流水量200ml/min、及びドレス時間30分の条件にて研磨層の表面をドレスした。ドレス終了後、幅20mm×長さ610mmの短冊状のサンプルを切り出した。該サンプルの中心部から20mmごとに厚さを測定した(片側15点、トータル30点)。そして、ドレスされていない中心部との厚さの差(磨耗量)を各測定位置において算出し、その平均値を算出した。カットレートは下記式により算出される。本発明においては、カットレートは1μm/minより大きく、2μm/min以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1.1~1.7μm/minである。
カットレート(μm/min)=磨耗量の平均値/(0.5×60)
研磨装置としてSPP600S(岡本工作機械社製)を用い、作製した研磨パッドを用いて、スクラッチの評価を行った。8インチのシリコンウエハに熱酸化膜を1μm製膜したものを下記条件で研磨した後に、KLAテンコール社製の表面欠陥検出装置(サーフスキャンSP1 TBI)を用いて、EE(Edge Exclusion)5mmにてウエハに0.19~2μmの欠陥がいくつあるかを測定した。研磨条件としては、シリカスラリー(SS12 キャボット社製)を研磨中に流量150ml/minで添加し、研磨荷重は350g/cm2、研磨定盤回転数は35rpm、ウエハ回転数は30rpmとした。
研磨装置としてSPP600S(岡本工作機械社製)を用い、作製した研磨パッドを用いて、平均研磨速度の測定を行った。8インチのシリコンウエハに熱酸化膜を1μm製膜したものを下記条件で1分間研磨し、図2に示すようにウエハ上の特定位置73点の研磨後の膜圧測定値から平均研磨速度を算出した。酸化膜の膜厚測定には、干渉式膜厚測定装置(大塚電子社製)を用いた。研磨条件としては、シリカスラリー(SS12 キャボット社製)を研磨中に流量150ml/minで添加し、研磨荷重は350g/cm2、研磨定盤回転数は35rpm、ウエハ回転数は30rpmとした。
容器にトルエンジイソシアネート(2,4-体/2,6-体=80/20の混合物)1229重量部、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート272重量部、数平均分子量1018のポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール1901重量部、ジエチレングリコール198重量部を入れ、70℃で4時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマーAを得た。
また、容器にイソシアネート変性体として多量化1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(住化バイエルウレタン社製、スミジュールN-3300、イソシアヌレートタイプ)100重量部、及び数平均分子量250のポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール16.3重量部を入れ(NCO Index:4.0)、100℃で3時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマーB(1)を得た。
前記プレポリマーA100重量部、及び前記プレポリマーB(1)16重量部を遊星式撹拌脱泡装置で混合し、脱泡した。その後、120℃に溶融した4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)33.1重量を混合液に加え、遊星式撹拌脱泡装置で混合し、脱泡してポリウレタン原料組成物を調製した。該組成物を縦横800mm、深さ2.5mmのオープンモールド(注型容器)に流し込み、100℃で16時間ポストキュアを行い、無発泡ポリウレタンシートを得た。次に、バフ機(アミテック社製)を使用して、厚さ1.27mmになるまで該シートの表面バフ処理をし、厚み精度を整えたシートとした。このバフ処理をしたシートを直径61cmの大きさで打ち抜き、溝加工機(テクノ社製)を用いて表面に溝幅0.25mm、溝ピッチ1.50mm、溝深さ0.40mmの同心円状の溝加工を行い研磨層を得た。この研磨層の溝加工面と反対側の面にラミ機を使用して、両面テープ(積水化学工業社製、ダブルタックテープ)を貼りつけた。更に、コロナ処理をしたクッション層(東レ社製、ポリエチレンフォーム、トーレペフ、厚み0.8mm)の表面をバフ処理し、それを前記両面テープにラミ機を使用して貼り合わせた。さらに、クッション層の他面にラミ機を使用して両面テープを貼り合わせて研磨パッドを作製した。
実施例1において、プレポリマーB(1)の添加量を16重量部から8重量部に、4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)の添加量を33.1重量から29.8重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
容器にイソシアネート変性体として多量化1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(住化バイエルウレタン社製、スミジュールN-3300、イソシアヌレートタイプ)100重量部、及び数平均分子量650のポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール42.4重量部を入れ(NCO Index:4.0)、100℃で3時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマーB(2)を得た。
実施例1において、プレポリマーB(1)16重量部の代わりにプレポリマーB(2)16重量部を用い、4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)の添加量を33.1重量から31.9重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
容器にイソシアネート変性体として多量化1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(住化バイエルウレタン社製、スミジュールN-3300、イソシアヌレートタイプ)100重量部、及び数平均分子量600のポリエチレングリコール39.1重量部を入れ(NCO Index:4.0)、100℃で3時間反応させてイソシアネート末端プレポリマーB(3)を得た。
実施例1において、プレポリマーB(1)16重量部の代わりにプレポリマーB(3)16重量部を用い、4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)の添加量を33.1重量から32.0重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
実施例1において、プレポリマーB(1)を添加せず、4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)の添加量を33.1重量から26.6重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
実施例1において、プレポリマーB(1)の添加量を16重量部から35重量部に、4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)の添加量を33.1重量から38.5重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
前記プレポリマーA100重量部、プレポリマーB(1)23.3重量部、及びシリコン系界面活性剤(東レダウコーニングシリコン製、SH-192)3.7重量部を重合容器内に加えて混合し、80℃に調整して減圧脱泡した。その後、撹拌翼を用いて、回転数900rpmで反応系内に気泡を取り込むように激しく約4分間撹拌を行った。そこへ予め120℃に溶融した4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)36.1重量部を添加した。該混合液を約70秒間撹拌した後、パン型のオープンモールド(注型容器)へ流し込んだ。この混合液の流動性がなくなった時点でオーブン内に入れ、100℃で16時間ポストキュアを行い、ポリウレタン発泡体ブロックを得た。約80℃に加熱した前記ポリウレタン発泡体ブロックをスライサー(アミテック社製、VGW-125)を使用してスライスし、ポリウレタン発泡体シートを得た。次に、バフ機(アミテック社製)を使用して、厚さ1.27mmになるまで該シートの表面バフ処理をし、厚み精度を整えたシートとした。このバフ処理をしたシートを直径61cmの大きさで打ち抜き、溝加工機(テクノ社製)を用いて表面に溝幅0.25mm、溝ピッチ1.50mm、溝深さ0.40mmの同心円状の溝加工を行い研磨層を得た。その後、実施例1と同様の方法で研磨パッドを作製した。
2:研磨定盤
3:研磨剤(スラリー)
4:研磨対象物(半導体ウエハ)
5:支持台(ポリシングヘッド)
6、7:回転軸
Claims (7)
- 無発泡ポリウレタンからなる研磨層を有する研磨パッドにおいて、
前記無発泡ポリウレタンは、ジイソシアネート、高分子量ポリオール(a)、及び低分子量ポリオールを含むプレポリマーA原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーA、
3つ以上のジイソシアネートが付加することにより多量化したイソシアネート変性体、及び高分子量ポリオール(b)を含むプレポリマーB原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーB、及び
鎖延長剤を含むポリウレタン原料組成物の反応硬化体であり、
イソシアネート末端プレポリマーBの添加量は、イソシアネート末端プレポリマーA100重量部に対して5~30重量部であることを特徴とする研磨パッド。 - 高分子量ポリオール(a)は、数平均分子量500~5000のポリエーテルポリオールであり、ジイソシアネートは、トルエンジイソシアネート及びジシクロへキシルメタンジイソシアネートである請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- 高分子量ポリオール(b)は、数平均分子量250~2000のポリエーテルポリオールであり、イソシアネート変性体は、イソシアヌレートタイプ及び/又はビュレットタイプのヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート変性体であり、イソシアネート末端プレポリマーBは、NCO Index3.5~6.0にて合成されたものである請求項1又は2記載の研磨パッド。
- 無発泡ポリウレタンは、アスカーD硬度が65~80度である請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- カットレートが1μm/minより大きく、2μm/min以下である請求項1記載の研磨パッド。
- ジイソシアネート、高分子量ポリオール(a)、及び低分子量ポリオールを含むプレポリマーA原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーA100重量部に対して、3つ以上のジイソシアネートが付加することにより多量化したイソシアネート変性体、及び高分子量ポリオール(b)を含むプレポリマーB原料組成物を反応して得られるイソシアネート末端プレポリマーBを5~30重量部含む第1成分と、鎖延長剤を含む第2成分とを混合し、硬化して無発泡ポリウレタンを作製する工程を含む研磨パッドの製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の研磨パッドを用いて半導体ウエハの表面を研磨する工程を含む半導体デバイスの製造方法。
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US9079288B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-07-14 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. | Polishing pad and method for producing same |
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US20130217309A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
SG189934A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
CN103153539B (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
KR101491530B1 (ko) | 2015-02-09 |
MY164897A (en) | 2018-01-30 |
KR20130041256A (ko) | 2013-04-24 |
US9132524B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
CN103153539A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
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