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WO2012056482A1 - Installation pour la production d'énergie électrique dans des zones côtières à l'aide de vagues - Google Patents

Installation pour la production d'énergie électrique dans des zones côtières à l'aide de vagues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056482A1
WO2012056482A1 PCT/IT2011/000046 IT2011000046W WO2012056482A1 WO 2012056482 A1 WO2012056482 A1 WO 2012056482A1 IT 2011000046 W IT2011000046 W IT 2011000046W WO 2012056482 A1 WO2012056482 A1 WO 2012056482A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wharf
plant
shaft
floats
row
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2011/000046
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Enrico Grignani
Achille Grignani
Original Assignee
Ventury Di Achille Grignani
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ventury Di Achille Grignani filed Critical Ventury Di Achille Grignani
Publication of WO2012056482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012056482A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/708—Photoelectric means, i.e. photovoltaic or solar cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to exploitation of alternative forms of energy and, in particular, to a plant for the production of electrical energy in a coastal area, fed by diversified sources of renewable energy.
  • the invention concerns exploitation of wave motion of any intensity, whether at sea or on a lake, even if the greatest opportunities of using this energy are found at the sea coast. Tidal action however is of no particular interest and for this reason the plant for produc- tion of electrical energy can be located in coastal regions where tidal action is limited.
  • the Italian patent No. 0001368431 filed on 4.5.2006 entitled: "Mechanical project for exploiting wave motion to produce electrical energy” describes "a system comprising a central flywheel (cardan) connected by a pulley to the shaft of a dynamo".
  • the flywheel is fixed to a shaft hinged at its two ends to a support by two respective anti-reverse bearings.
  • Two cogwheels are fitted onto the centre of the shaft by two further one-way rotating ball bearings, the one-way joints of the "freewheel” type.
  • a float is joined to the end of a first chain wound from the right onto the first cogwheel, a first counterweight being joined to the other end of the chain.
  • the same float is joined to the end of another chain wound from the left onto the second cogwheel, a second counterweight being joined to the other end of the chain.
  • the mechanical design described above needs two counterweights to transmit power to the shaft, their weight necessarily being in proportion to the peak of electrical power to be generated. This involves the use of an even heavier float to avoid of coming out from the water at the end of the rising stage, and to raise the other counterweight during its descent. Shape and materials being equal compared with those of a float without counterweights, the fact that the float is heavier means that there is less possibility of fully exploiting hydrostatic thrust, the height of the part above water being lower. For these reasons, although this mechanical design can deal with small waves, it would be clumsy and bulky should it be necessary to increase the number of flywheels and floats to provide enough power for a plant that produces electrical energy.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is therefore to suggest a method of producing electrical energy in a synergic combination of diversified sources of renewable energy all present at the same place.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to suggest a system of exploiting energy from wave motion that is both mechanically simple and effective in achieving its object.
  • a further purpose still is to indicate a manner for local exploitation of the electrical energy produced.
  • subject of the present invention is a plant for pro- duction of electrical energy from local sources of renewable energy, including: - means of flotation immersed in an expanse of water subject to wave motion, connected to activating means of a drive shaft coupled to a first electric gen- erator, the activating means including at least one one-way rotation joint, hereinafter called an anti-reverse joint:
  • the activating means including:
  • - interfacing means comprising means for converting the electric power provided intermittently by each electric generator into an equivalent direct cur- rent electric power at a same DC voltage across an electric line directed towards the charge, as described in claim 1.
  • the 90 degree transmission plays an important part in utilization of wave mo- tion, known to move from the open sea towards the shore, because the length of a longitudinal structure fitted with floats, such as that of the wharf of the plant described in claim 1 , can be kept as short as possible and placed perpendicular to the coastline.
  • the solar panels are placed on the roof of a cor- ridor giving access to the wharf extending along part of its length.
  • the panels are arranged in parallel rows, inclined with opposite angles to maximize the power of solar radiation throughout the day.
  • the wharf is a structure with two bottom levels, the upper one accessible by tourists and the lower one housing mechanical and electrical equipment.
  • the length of the wharf, the number, shape and size of the floats can be decided according to the type of wave motion and to how much electrical power is to be produced from it, to the part cov- ered by solar panels and to how much power they are required to produce.
  • the minimum number of floats in each row must in any case permit uniform rotation of the shaft of the generator of electricity even if rotation impressed by each one is intermittent.
  • Uniform rotation is a result of each float being raised by the incoming wave with, a slight delay compared with the preceding one, and with this delay will provide its own angular contribution to rotation; as a consequence, during the inactive downward stage of float movement, there will in any case be floats farther along the row whose movement will be in the upward stage.
  • the axis of rotation of the hub that carries the blades of the wind turbines is kept parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stretch of wharf occupied by the floats so as to catch the wind from the sea that creates the waves most useful for correct activation of the floats; this is not a limit for the invention as it is possible rotate the nacelle which bears the blades and includes the dynamo, so as to follow the variable direction of the wind.
  • the drive shaft is coupled to the shaft of the first generator by an overgear.
  • the drive shaft lies along the wharf for about its entire length, while said second shafts lie transversally to it.
  • the longitudinal shaft consists of several sections coupled together by joints able to offset reciprocal misalignments and variations in length when there is a change of temperature.
  • Cardan joints can serve for both uses but if drive shafts are very long and if temperature changes are considerable, additional expansion joints could be fitted in series to some of the cardan joints.
  • said first row of floats is placed at one side of the wharf outside it, and the arm of each float is inclined outwards to create a space between said first row and the side of the wharf to make room for a second row of floats, each one in the second row being offset, preferably equally spaced, in relation to the two following floats in the first row.
  • one or more further rows of floats can be equipped in the free space under the bottom of the wharf.
  • the wharf has also to be used for anchoring pleasure boats, the shape of floats at one side and, possibly under the bottom, up to half the width of the wharf, and related mechanical equipment, is equally reflected on the other side.
  • each shaft is coupled to the shaft of a respective electrical generator.
  • each shaft is coupled to the shaft of a common electrical generator, for example by means of belts and pulleys or equivalent kinematic mechanisms.
  • a probe float is mounted on the front of the wharf coupled to positional sensors fixed to the wharf and, optionally, fitted with an accelerometer. It is of advantage, therefore, if this float is suited to sensing the presence of particularly high waves and can signal this situation to the electronic controls, to activate joints for coupling the shaft of at least one supplementary dynamo to the shaft of the dynamo then functioning, for example by friction clutches.
  • the anti- reverse joint is a well-known device in mechanical processes, as a bearing fitted with ramps for rollers or ball bearings reciprocally engaging the two crowns, or as a reel with a spring catch (pawl).
  • the anti-reverse joint connects the respective transverse shaft to one of the two elements of the transmission at 90 degrees, causing it to rotate.
  • the anti-reverse joint connects one of the two elements of the transmission at 90 degrees to said longitudinal shaft, causing it to rotate.
  • the anti-reverse joint connects the arm of the respective float to the transverse shaft causing it to rotate.
  • each transmission at 90 degrees comprises a pair of bevel gears the first of which engages the transversal shaft while the second engages the longitudinal shaft.
  • the revolutions made by said pair of bevel gears are the same.
  • said pair of bevel gears is an overgear of the longitudinal shaft.
  • both the transmission at 90 degrees of one row or of several parallel rows of floats external to the wharf, and second 90 de- grees transmissions of an adjacent row of floats under the wharf, are coupled to a single longitudinal shaft, the first and second transmissions being so configured to impress a rotation of agreed direction onto the longitudinal shaft.
  • Disposition of the floats in relation to the coast is best decided according to the main direction of wave movement: a) where wave movement is prevailingly transversal to the shore a greater length of the wharf orthogonal to the coastline will be occupied by the floats; b) where wave movement is prevailingly parallel to the shore a greater length of the wharf parallel to the coastline will be occupied by the floats; c) where wave movement alternates between transversal and parallel to the shore, a first section of the wharf will be occupied by floats lying transversal to the shore and a second section of equal length will be occupied by floats parallel to it; d) where the direction of wave movement varies and there is no main direction of flow, the wharf will lie obliquely to the coastline.
  • the foremost floats When, in all its variability, wave motion is directed onto the front of the wharf, the foremost floats receive hydraulic thrust before those behind, but the floats being coupled to the longitudinal shaft by the 'freewheel' mechanism prevents those behind from being passively carried along above the surface of the water by rotation of the longitudinal shaft as, being still inactive, they are neutral in relation to the shaft's rotation.
  • the 'freewheel' mecha- nism means that the angular speed reached by said 90 degree transmission is equal to or greater than the angular speed of the longitudinal shaft when fully operative, so effectively transmitting its contribution of mechanical power to the shaft.
  • Each inactive float not yet transferring dynamic power to the longitudinal shaft and therefore accelerated to the maximum by upward thrust from the com- ing wave, in fact fulfils this condition impressing an angular speed on the 90 degree transmission initially greater than the steady one of the longitudinal shaft, whose rotation is slowed by transfer of power to the rotor of the electrical generator as well as by losses due to friction in the supporting bearings and in the joints over a long distance. It follows that the longitudinal shaft acts as collector of contributions of power independently from each single float.
  • the mast carrying the blades of the wind turbine and related generator might preferably be situated in the middle of an open space near the entry to the corridor leading to the wharf, accessible from the road network with branches to the recharging station and to a car park for electric vehicles.
  • the wind turbine blades move the rotor of a dynamo or else of an alternator, and the same applies to the shaft of each electrical generator used in exploiting wave motion.
  • the angular speed of such electric machines can be mechanically stabilized by various known methods, consequently stabilizing the nominal value of voltage generated.
  • the AC voltage generated at the terminals of an alternator can easily be converted to the desired level by a transformer and, if necessary, be rectified and levelled.
  • For the wind and wave-motion component dynamos could also be chosen that generate the DC voltage required by the user although this somewhat inflexible and costly approach is inadvisable.
  • the rated voltage tends to fall with a higher charge so that, within certain limits of absorption, voltage on the charge must be stabilized.
  • the interfacing means implemented at the plant of the present invention solve the problems described above, including first converters that convert the power generated by respective generators into a corresponding single-voltage power for all the first converters applicable in parallel to the charge, each electric generator being therefore able to supply at a common charge its own contribution of power when available.
  • the first converters are DC/DC converters.
  • the first converters are AC/DC converters.
  • the interfacing means also include second converters of electric power converted in DC by said first converters with outputs in parallel, into AC electric power at the low-voltage domestic network frequency and at only a slightly higher voltage so that the power surplus produced at the plant can be transferred to the electricity mains.
  • An inverter is also provided at the DC output of the interface able to supply mo- nophasic alternating current at a voltage only slightly higher than those of the low-voltage network (220 V, 50 Hz), and at the same frequency, that goes automatically into the electricity mains as soon as there is a surplus of power from the plant extra to that required by the batteries being recharged.
  • An intelligent management of the data provided by the probe float enables the control system, typically operated by a microprocessor, to increase productivity of the active sources during windy days and with rough seas, coupling the shaft of further dynamos to that of the dynamo in use, for example with friction clutches.
  • the control system is preferably fitted with a robot for cleaning the photovoltaic panels and with an atmospheric detector for activating it to avoid any lessening of productivity by the photovoltaic installation.
  • a robot for cleaning the photovoltaic panels
  • an atmospheric detector for activating it to avoid any lessening of productivity by the photovoltaic installation.
  • the plant of this invention is a new and entirely ecologically sustainable struc- ture of a pleasing environmental impact to the point where the wharf can easily become a tourist attraction housing shops, refreshments, seating and other amenities.
  • the roof of the recharging building can be fitted out for visitors as a panoramic viewpoint.
  • a fully soundproofed and wide glazing room can be foreseen, which it can be reached by means of lift or spiral staircase for enjoy a panoramic view. From the panoramic room one can be access to a external gallery, obviously only when blades are inactive.
  • the wharf can be designed in different ways, such as a port for boats or a pier. Still in the field of ecology, the electricity produced can be used in the surround- ing area to light tourist villages, holiday camps, drive-ins, amusement parks, or to supply a plant for the production of hydrogen considered as being the fuel of the future. Short description of the figures
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of how the plant for production of electric energy in a coastal region would appear according to the present invention, showing the wharf orthogonal to the coastline.
  • Figure 1A shows a detail of the end section near the front of the wharf in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 B is an enlargement of Figure 1A.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the section of the wharf in Figure 1 A.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a model of the plant in Figure 1 where a cross section of the ground is also shown.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the plant in Figure 1 , including the cross section of the ground.
  • Figure 4A is an enlarged detail of the float on the left in Figure 4.
  • Figure 5 differs from the view in Figure 1 showing a different design for the wharf.
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of a repetitive section of the mechanism that joins the floats housed in the double bottom of the wharf in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 In the left- hand part of the figure in correspondence of the upper and lower corners, two details referred to the reciprocal rotations of orthogonally coupled shafts on the respective sides of the wharf, are shown in perspective.
  • Figures 6A, 6B, 6C are enlarged details taken from Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of the electrical part of the plant in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a plant 1 seen from above, situated partly on the mainland 2 and partly on the sea 3 with a long wharf 4 orthogonal to the shore 5. This latter divides the length of the wharf 4 in a first section where the wharf stands on land, about 40% of its full length, and in the remainder where the wharf is raised above water level.
  • the plant 1 is accessible from the main road 6 from where a car park 8 can be reached and a station opposite 9 where the parked electric cars can have their batteries recharged, ending in an open space 7 in front of the wharf 4.
  • An wind tower 10 stands in the centre of the open space 7 that communicates with the base of the wharf 4 on land.
  • a roof of solar panels 11 extends from the base of the wharf on land 2 to about 60% of its total length and therefore onto the part in the water. From the rounded front 12 of the wharf 4 four rows of floats 13 depart longitudinally towards the base of the wharf, two offset rows per side, to about 48% of the length of the wharf.
  • the wharf 4 is a structure with a double bottom that rests on piles driven into the sea floor. The section of the wharf on land partly rests on a strong base of reinforced concrete 14 in the ground.
  • This part includes a large room used as a power station and operations room containing dynamo, transformers, inverter, relays, control panel, control system, communication equipment and everything else needed for running the plant 1 to ensure that the best possible use is made of the current produced.
  • the mechanical part to be described below, is housed' in the double bottom of the part of the wharf under water.
  • DC electric cables 15 and 16 leave from the operations room respectively directed towards the car park 8 and recharging station 9, and an AC cable 17 directed to a cabin 18 for connec- tion to the electricity mains 19.
  • Figure 1A shows the end of the wharf 4 in Figure 1 at the front 12 and a short length preceding it, showing how the floats are lifted by the incoming wave according to the direction of arrow WN.
  • the probe float has been omitted.
  • Figure 1 B is only a partial enlargement. Referring to both fig- ures, the view from above shows the two offset rows of floats 13 on each long side of the wharf 4. Referring for simplicity only to the rows of floats shown farther down in the figure, a first row 21 of floats 13 is farther away from the outer side of the wharf 4 compared with a second row 22 whose floats 13 are across the side of wharf 4 between two floats of row 21.
  • All the floats are mechanically connected to the sides of the wharf by pivoting arms one end of which is joined to its own float and the other end articulated to a rigid support with the wharf. More precisely, the floats 13 in the outer row 21 are held tightly by a central ring 26 rigidly joined to an arm 25 inclined towards the outside of the wharf 4 and ending with a length 25a parallel to the side of the wharf. Through the end of length 25a is a hole through which passes a shaft 27 transversal to the longitudinal direction of the wharf 4 to which length 25a, and therefore arm 25, is rig- idly joined.
  • the contiguous float 13 belonging to the inner row 22, is joined to an arm 28 by a tightening ring 29. Unlike arm 25, arm 29 lies parallel to the side of wharf 4 along its full length, this one too having a hole at its end through which passes a transversal shaft 30 and to which it is rigidly joined.
  • FIG. 2 The perspective view in Figure 2 clearly shows the shape of the arms and their position in the two offset rows of external floats.
  • the figure also shows two rows of piers 34 to support the wharf 4 at a level above the water that allows room for the floats underneath (see Figure 4).
  • the considerable depth of the surround 35 indicates the presence of a double bottom to house the mechanical parts.
  • a balustrade 36 encircles the wharf on whose upper surface there are benches and roofed refreshment kiosks 37 with glass walls.
  • arm 25 of float 3 in the outer row presents a section 25b perpendicular to the fastening ring 26.
  • FIG. 3 Better seen in Figure 3 are the respective lengths of the sections of the wharf 4 over the water 3, on land 2 and at the shoreline 5 that moves back and forth at high and low tide.
  • the piers 34 are well grounded in the sea floor and continue on land in the area of tidal variability.
  • the section on land stands on a strong wall 14 where the dynamos and control system are housed.
  • the base of the wharf 4 on dry land 2 starts from the open space 7 on which stands the wind tower 10. Beyond the space 7 a roofed corridor 11a leads to the wharf 4 with rows of solar panels 11 installed on its roof.
  • FIG 4 The front view in Figure 4 better shows the arrangement of floats 13 seen in the four longitudinal rows in Figure 1A, plus two rows 40, 41 underneath the wharf 4.
  • Row 40 shares a longitudinal shaft with the outer rows 21 , 22; in the same way row 41 shares the longitudinal shaft with the outer rows 23, 24.
  • the wind tower 10 with a horizontal rotor at its summit to carry the three blades 10a, placed to catch the wind from the sea, the same wind that creates the waves to activate the floats 13.
  • Figure 4 A clearly shows the outward inclination of arm 25 fixed to float 13 in the outer row.
  • the plan view in Figure 5 is an oblique configuration of the wharf 4 in respect of shoreline 5.
  • the smaller angle subtended with the shoreline 5 is from the side of the recharging station 9, but the symmetrical configuration is equivalent, the choice between the two configurations depending on the predominant direction of the wind observed in the long time, and consequently on the direction of the wave motion.
  • the blades 10a of the rotor carried by wind tower 10 are provisory rotated of the same angle of the wharf to better intercept the wind.
  • Figure 6 shows a repetitive section of the mechanical part of the wharf 4 housed in its double bottom.
  • the figure is a view from the bottom as if the lower part had ideally been removed.
  • These mechanisms are applied to the floats as illustrated in Figure 1A where they are raised by the incoming wave in the di- rection WN.
  • the mechanisms include two drive shafts 46 and 60 lying longitudinally close to the sides of the wharf 4, supported by respective steel bases of type 47 and 61 constrained to the frame TL of the structure by radial bearings 48, 62.
  • Shafts 46, 60 consist of a sequence of sections 46a, 60a joined by cardan joints 49, 63 that support the deformation of frame TL due to its length, at the same time absorbing the differences in length of the various sections caused by changes in temperature.
  • the three rows of floats 21 , 22, 40 are constrained to shaft 46 and the three rows of floats 23, 24, 41 to shaft 60.
  • the number of floats in the outer rows 21 , 22 and 23, 24 are the same while rows 40, 41 underneath the wharf 4 have double the number of floats, more or less aligned with those in the two outer rows. This configuration makes for better exploitation of wave motion as the floats in the row under the wharf and the corresponding ones in the outer rows simultaneously receive the impact from the front of the wave.
  • each float is joined to a first end of its own shaft type 27, 30 orthogonal to the respective longitudinal shaft 46, 60 and therefore transversal to the wharf 4.
  • Steel supports including ball bearings, to sustain transversal shafts type 27, 30, are fixed to the frame TL.
  • Each transversal shaft is joined to its own longitudinal shaft 46, 60 by a pair of bevel gears, of which a first gear is engaged in one-way rotation by the second end of the transversal arm while the second gear is fixed to the longitudinal shaft.
  • the transversal shafts activated by floats lying on opposite sides in relation to the longitudinal shaft are misaligned to allow coupling at 90°. The lesser misalignment can be remedied by placing the two bevel gears of the pairs of bevel gears one opposite the other on the longitudinal shaft.
  • Bevel gears en- gaged by the transversal arms include a one-way clutch bearing, of some known type, also called anti-reverse, keyed to its own transversal shaft.
  • each anti-reverse bearing at the end of its transversal shaft operated by the arm of the float; the direction of the anti-reverse bearing will be the opposite to that of the preceding configuration and the float arm will have a seat that engages the external rim of the anti-reverse bearing.
  • the anti-reverse joints 54a, 56a coupled to respective gears of the pairs of bevel gears 54, 56 are keyed to respective transversal shafts 50a, 51 a; the anti-reverse joints 55a, 57a coupled to respective pairs of bevel gears 55, 57 are keyed to respective transversal shafts 52a, 53a; the anti- reverse joints 68a, 70a coupled to respective gears of pairs of bevel gears 68, 70 are keyed to respective transversal shafts 64a, 65a; the anti-reverse joints 69a, 71a coupled to respective gears of pairs of bevel gears 69, 71 are keyed to respective transversal shafts 66a, 67a.
  • Figure 6A shows in detail the pairs of bevel gears 54, 55 that engage the longitudinal shaft 46 in one-way rotation, and are in turn engaged by the transversal shafts 50a, 52a. It will be seen from the figure that on each gear 80, 81 of the pair of bevel gear 54, and on each gear 90, 91 of the pair of bevel gear 55, there is a cylindrical extension for passage of the shaft in one piece with the side of the ring gear on the side where the diameter is greater; these extensions have been numbered 82, 84, 92, 94 for bevel gears 80, 81 , 90, 91.
  • Bevel gears 80 and 90 are placed across the longitudinal shaft 46 with their faces of a smaller diameter one opposite the other at a reciprocal distance greater than the greater diameter; these gears are fixed to the longitudinal shaft 46 each by its own screw 83, 93 that pass through the wall of cylindrical extensions 82, 92 and screw into threaded holes made for them in the longitudinal shaft 46.
  • an anti-reverse bearing 54a is keyed by means of a tongue 88.
  • Inside the cylindrical extension 84 to bevel gear 81 is the anti-reverse bearing 54a fixed to its outer rim by two screws 86, 87.
  • the anti-reverse bearing 55a is keyed by a tongue 98 to the end of the transversal shaft 52a opposite the end constrained to the arm of float 40a.
  • the cylindrical extension 94 to bevel gear 91 includes within it the anti-reverse bearing 55a to whose external rim it is fixed by two screws 66, 97.
  • the arrows indicate the anti-clockwise direction of rotation of bevel gears 81 and 91 made possible by their respective anti-reverse bearings 54a, 55a, a direction converted to clockwise by the respective bevel gears 80 and 90 fixed the longitudinal shaft 46, causing both to rotate clockwise.
  • Figure 6B shows a section of the support 50 along a plane parallel to the bottom of the wharf .4 passing through the axis of transversal shaft 50a, showing the ball bearing 105 crossed by shaft 50a and kept in its seat by a flange 106 screwed to the wall of the support 50.
  • Figure 6C shows the rigid connection between the transversal shaft 50a and the upper end 25a of arm 25, seen from above in the horizontal position of arm 25.
  • a hole 99 is made in the arm 25a through which passes the end of shaft 50a, said end being constrained against the wall of arm 25a by two brackets 100 and 101 and by bolts 102, 103, 104.
  • the two brackets 100, 101 are fixed to the wall 25a on opposite sides of arm 50a by screws 102, 103 and nuts.
  • Brackets 100 and 101 contain cylindrical grooves to receive the arm 25a.
  • Screw 104 crosses through the wall of bracket 100, then through a hole present in transversal shaft 50a and through the wall of bracket 101 to which it is fixed by its nut. This type of rigid connection is obviously only one of those possible.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of the electrical system in the plant 1 in Figure 1 comprising interfacing means between the generators and the charge.
  • the con- vention here adopted uses dark arrows to indicate the current generated and consumed, and therefore of a certain power, and light arrows to indicate the signals without power referred to the signalling.
  • the blocks drawn with continuous lines are physically included in the power station housed in the underground part of the wharf 4, while those drawn with dotted lines are not.
  • the + and - indicate the polarity of DC voltage; one of the two poles can be grounded.
  • Figure 7 shows a photovoltaic generator 201 that on receiving solar radiation generates E1 voltage at the DC output terminals.
  • Generator 201 is connected upstream to a DC/DC converter 202 that generates constant E0 voltage applied to a DC electric line 203.
  • a dynamo 204 generates E2 DC voltage at the output terminals when activated by the blades 10a of the wind turbine generator 10.
  • the dynamo 204 is connected upstream to a DC/DC converter 205 that gener- ates constant E0 voltage applied to an electric line 203.
  • a dynamo 206 generates E3 voltage when operated by the mechanism under the wharf 4; it is connected upstream to a DC/DC converter 207 that generates constant E0 voltage across the electric line 203.
  • Block 206 ideally groups the two dynamos connected to longitudinal shafts 46 and 60.
  • Block 207 ideally includes another DC/DC converter downstream of the dynamo not shown.
  • Dynamo 206 can, if needed, be reinforced by an auxiliary 208, this too activated by the mechanics under the wharf and this too generating E3 voltage.
  • Dynamo 208 is connected upstream to a DC/DC converter 209 that generates constant E0 voltage.
  • the DC/DC converter 209 is connected in parallel to electric line 203 by the two con- tacts of a relay 210.
  • Block 208 ideally groups the two dynamos connected to longitudinal shafts 46 and 60.
  • Block 209 ideally includes another DC/DC converter downstream of the dynamo not shown.
  • DC users are connected in parallel to electric line 203, these users being the accumulator batteries, shown diagrammatically by respective conductance 212, belonging to the electric vehicles that use a recharging station 211 adjacent to the plant.
  • Line DC 203 feeds an inverter 213 that generates monophasic alternating current (AG) at the output terminals at 50 Hz of rated value 230 V (here indicated by Eal).
  • AG monophasic alternating current
  • Eal rated value 230 V
  • a pad accumulator 218, here diagrammatically indicated by conductance 219, has greater capacity compared with that of single batteries 212 and rated voltage of a compatible value.
  • the accumulator 218 can be connected in parallel to the electric line DC 203.
  • the accumulator can function as a charge, when it accumulates energy, or as a generator when returning it.
  • the electric line DC 203 is connected to a microprocessor electronic controller 230 with its own two-way bus 231 to which the sensors and remote actuators in the various devices can be connected when they ask for it, as can the instruments for measuring current and voltage at the outputs of generators and on the charge.
  • One of these devices is the probe float 232 as regards the sensor of position and, if present, the sensor of acceleration whose signalling will be used by the control system 230 to operate an actuator 233 whose task is that of mechanically inserting the auxiliary dynamo 208 and closing the relay 210 contacts towards line DC 203.
  • the control system 230 is set up so that it continuously measures the value of electric power generated by the various dynamos 204, 206, 208 and by the photovoltaic generator 201 , measures the power consumed by users 200 and 216 and also finds out the charge level of the pad battery 218; it can therefore decide whether to charge the pad battery or supply energy to the AC 215 network.
  • control system 230 will order closure of contacts of relay 220 to al- low current to pass to the battery 218 and charge it.
  • System 230 could simultaneously control opening of a double contact to exclude network 215 but this is not essential as, on account of greater absorption of current, the inverter 213 might not be able to increase output voltage to the value needed for transfer of power to the network 215 except in so far as it can serve the charge 216.
  • the battery 218 is excluded to avoid draining off current.
  • contacts 220 will be closed again so that current can be supplied direct to the recharging station 21 1.
  • This value is equivalent to 8.58 kW per float equivalent to an ideal 85.8% of the theo- retical power of 10 kW/m from the incoming wave.
  • an average value of 1 m per wave height in open sea corresponds to a condition described as from not very rough to rough and, according to the Beaufort scale, represents force 3 (tending to force 4) with a wind of about 19 km/h.
  • force 3 sending to force 4
  • 1m seems too high to be considered as an average value over 1 year, while a value of 0.6 m caused by a wind of 12 km/h would seem more reasonable for the place chosen.
  • a loss of mechanical power may be assumed as 10% that reduces power to 370.44 kW (average over a long period) at the dynamo shaft. It must be stated that dynamo efficiency varies with variations in the power delivered to the charge according to a typical trend that increases rapidly from zero (loadless dynamo) to the highest value then slowly falls as losses in the armature increase. Assuming maximum dynamo efficiency as being 80%, 315 kW of power would be available at the charge (average over a long period).
  • the surface occupied by polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is about 7.5 m 2 /kWp, also equivalent to 7.5 m 2 /kW mea n
  • annual average power produced by the entire roof of solar panels would be around 55.4 kW mean , capable of a continual supply of power to about 18 domestic consumers using 3kW but would be insufficient if having to supply power to the station for systematically recharging the batteries of the electric vehicles.
  • the rotor of the wind turbine carried by the tower 10 at a height of 48 m, carries three blades each 20 m long.
  • a plant of this kind can generate about 30 kW mean of average power over one year; rated power can obviously reach 600 kW.
  • minimum wind speed enabling the turbine to supply the power for which it was designed lies between 12 and 15 m/s which agrees with the value indicated for the floats while wind speeds over 25 m/s would mean deactivating the generator for reasons of safety.
  • the core of such integration consists of the interfacing means between electric generators and the charge that appear as a single generator for a more constant and continuous supply to the charge.
  • the interfacing means hitherto described include DC/DC converters which, in the configuration given in Figure 7, can automatically combine the contributions of power at different rated voltages bringing them to a common voltage dictated by the DC charge.
  • These same means also include an inverter fed by the common DC level to obtain an AC power to supply at the voltage dictated by the AC charge.
  • DC/DC converters While advantageous, in no way limits the invention because different interfacing means carrying out similar functions could be provided.
  • An alternative example originates in using alternators, respectively wind and wave-motion operated, and a (DC/AC) inverter downstream of the photovoltaic generator; three transformers then returning the three AC voltages to a single level, the three transformed voltages are rectified and applied in parallel to the terminals of the charge.
  • This solution is much less efficient for stabilizing the voltages of single generators according to their absorption of the common charge; it would in fact be necessary to introduce a Zener diode in parallel to each voltage rectified, or alternatively use an electronic voltage regulator, of the series or parallel type, involving a reduction in conversion efficiency.
  • a further example uses four inverters in place of the four DC-DC converters, three of which are so designed as to generate alternating current at a common voltage higher than that imposed by the DC charge; this current must be recti- fied and levelled bringing it to the value imposed by the charge.
  • the fourth inverter is identical to inverter 213 and connected in the same way. The solution described is in every way equivalent to that which uses the four DC-DC converters, both the inverters and the DC-DC converter belonging to a common family of switching feeders.
  • the Figure 1 shows the plant in its final form, the invention hitherto realized being a prototype of a smaller size but with all its component parts functioning perfectly and fully inte- grated.
  • the first prototype realized had a single shaft in the mechanics of the wharf 4, equipped with two parallel rows of floats, one row on each side in relation to the shaft, but fewer than in the final realization.
  • the prototype was brought to perfection in a tank of water where wave motion of variable frequency and height was created, from time to time measuring the power generated. Maximum wave height was scaled down by the ratio between length of float arms of the prototype and their length in the ultimate version, so as to reproduce equivalent transversal shaft rotations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une installation pour la production d'énergie électrique, laquelle installation comprend des générateurs électriques alimentés par des sources renouvelables : photovoltaïque, éolienne, et du mouvement des vagues. Un long corridor comportant un toit de panneaux solaires part du littoral et s'étend sur une jetée incorporée dans le fond de la mer à une hauteur fixe à partir du fond. Surplombant l'entrée du corridor avec ses panneaux solaires se trouve une tour éolienne qui porte un rotor à trois pales. Alignés le long des côtés de la jetée et au-dessous de celle-ci se trouvent plusieurs rangées de flotteurs sphériques, qui comportent des bras fixés aux extrémités d'arbres transversaux supportés par des paliers dans des supports mécaniques fixés à la jetée. Les autres extrémités des arbres portent un palier anti-inversion sur lequel est monté un premier engrenage d'une paire d'engrenages coniques, tandis que le second engrenage conique est fixé à un arbre long qui croise dans le sens de la longueur la zone des flotteurs, et qui, à l'aide d'une vitesse surmultipliée, actionne une dynamo. Deux arbres longitudinaux constitués par des sections réunies par des joints à cardan couplés à des dynamos respectives sont disposés. Dans la partie inférieure double de la jetée qui est enterrée se trouve une salle d'opérations contenant : les deux dynamos, deux dynamos auxiliaires présentant des couplages, un dispositif de commande électronique, des relais, une batterie tampon, un onduleur et des convertisseurs courant continu-courant continu alimentés par les générateurs électriques respectifs mentionnés ci-dessus. La tension est la même aux sorties des convertisseurs courant continu-courant continu connectés en parallèle, afin d'alimenter une charge constituée par des batteries d'automobile à recharger. Un surplus d'énergie est entré sur le secteur électrique par l'onduleur.
PCT/IT2011/000046 2010-10-29 2011-02-18 Installation pour la production d'énergie électrique dans des zones côtières à l'aide de vagues WO2012056482A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IT002022A ITMI20102022A1 (it) 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Stabilimento di produzione di energia elettrica in località litoranea alimentato da fonti diversificate di energie rinnovabili
ITMI2010A002022 2010-10-29

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2994716A1 (fr) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-28 Pierre Armand Patin Installation de conversion de l'energie marine
WO2014195524A1 (fr) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Francisco Azpiroz Villar Améliorations apportées au système de génération d'énergie à partir du mouvement des vagues marines
WO2015140415A1 (fr) 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Pierre-Armand Patin Installation de production d'energie en milieu marin
WO2015150602A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-08 Elaborados Castellano, S.L. Dispositif pour générer de l'énergie au moyen des mouvements des vagues de la mer
CN113680539A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2021-11-23 徐州和润生物科技有限公司 一种生物原料深加工浮选装置
WO2022146274A1 (fr) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-07 Yalcin Ahmet Cem Station de charge flottante

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4389843A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-06-28 John Lamberti Water wave energy transducer
US4718231A (en) * 1984-02-02 1988-01-12 Vides Max M Assembly for harnessing wave and tide energy
DE4134692A1 (de) * 1991-10-21 1992-05-21 Fritz Ehlke Meereswellen-kraftwerk
US6247308B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2001-06-19 Worldwide Solutions Company, Llc Bidirectional rotary motion-converter, wave motors, and various other applications thereof
DE19900614A1 (de) * 1999-01-11 2001-08-02 Andreas Goettfert Wellenkraftwerk
WO2006046843A1 (fr) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Yun Se Kim Systemes hybrides de production utilisant l'energie solaire et eolienne
WO2006079812A1 (fr) * 2005-01-26 2006-08-03 Green Ocean Energy Limited Procédé et appareil de production d’énergie à partir du mouvement des vagues
WO2009142504A1 (fr) * 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Andresen Johan F Système houlomoteur de génération d’énergie
CA2740593A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Felix Mayoral Gonzalez Plate-forme utile pour capturer l'energie des vagues

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4389843A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-06-28 John Lamberti Water wave energy transducer
US4718231A (en) * 1984-02-02 1988-01-12 Vides Max M Assembly for harnessing wave and tide energy
DE4134692A1 (de) * 1991-10-21 1992-05-21 Fritz Ehlke Meereswellen-kraftwerk
DE19900614A1 (de) * 1999-01-11 2001-08-02 Andreas Goettfert Wellenkraftwerk
US6247308B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2001-06-19 Worldwide Solutions Company, Llc Bidirectional rotary motion-converter, wave motors, and various other applications thereof
WO2006046843A1 (fr) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-04 Yun Se Kim Systemes hybrides de production utilisant l'energie solaire et eolienne
WO2006079812A1 (fr) * 2005-01-26 2006-08-03 Green Ocean Energy Limited Procédé et appareil de production d’énergie à partir du mouvement des vagues
WO2009142504A1 (fr) * 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Andresen Johan F Système houlomoteur de génération d’énergie
CA2740593A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Felix Mayoral Gonzalez Plate-forme utile pour capturer l'energie des vagues

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2994716A1 (fr) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-28 Pierre Armand Patin Installation de conversion de l'energie marine
WO2014195524A1 (fr) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Francisco Azpiroz Villar Améliorations apportées au système de génération d'énergie à partir du mouvement des vagues marines
WO2015140415A1 (fr) 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Pierre-Armand Patin Installation de production d'energie en milieu marin
WO2015150602A1 (fr) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-08 Elaborados Castellano, S.L. Dispositif pour générer de l'énergie au moyen des mouvements des vagues de la mer
WO2022146274A1 (fr) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-07 Yalcin Ahmet Cem Station de charge flottante
CN113680539A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2021-11-23 徐州和润生物科技有限公司 一种生物原料深加工浮选装置

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