WO2012034655A1

WO2012034655A1 - Water distribution device for roof vegetations

Info

Publication number: WO2012034655A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/004442
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ralf Walker
Original assignee: Zinco Gmbh
Priority date: 2010-09-14
Filing date: 2011-09-03
Publication date: 2012-03-22
Also published as: DE102010045283A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a water distribution device for roof vegetations, comprising at least one water distribution element (12) which has a baseplate (13) on which there is arranged a grid-like rib structure (14) with a plurality of intersecting ribs (15, 16) in the X, Y and Z directions of a coordinate system defined by X, Y and Z coordinates, with a plurality of said ribs extending as X ribs (15) in the X direction and a plurality of said ribs extending as Y ribs (16) in the Y direction, and the X and Y ribs (15, 16) rising above the baseplate (13) in the Z direction, wherein the heights of the X ribs are greater than the heights of the Y ribs such that distribution channels (17) arranged lengthways alongside one another in the Y direction and each extending in the X direction are formed and are each subdivided by portions of the Y ribs into storage wells (19) arranged successively in the X direction. In this device, the Y rib portions (18) are formed without outflow openings such that water introduced by irrigation means into at least one of the storage wells (19) of a respective distribution channel (17) spreads out along said distribution channel (17) by flowing over the Y rib portions (18), thereby making it possible to achieve a planar water distribution by filling a plurality of distribution channels (17).

Description

ZinCo GmbH, 72669 Unterensingen Water distribution system for green roofs

The invention relates to a water distribution device for green roofs, with at least one water distribution element having a bottom plate on which a grid-like web structure in the X, Y and Z direction of a spanned by X, Y, and Z coordinates coordinate system with a plurality of intersecting Webs is arranged, of which several extend as X-webs in the X direction and several as Y-webs in the Y direction and rise the X and Y webs in the Z direction over the bottom plate, the web heights of the X Stake are greater than the ridge heights of the Y-webs are such that are formed in the Y direction along side by side and each extending in the X direction distribution channels, each by Y-web portions of the Y-webs in succession in the X direction arranged storage wells are divided.

Especially in the field of green roofs so-called vegetation substrates are used for the vegetation layer, which must meet certain requirements. On the one hand, the water-air balance must be adapted to the desired greening. For this purpose, for example, the FLL Green Roofing Directive provides appropriate information. In order to reliably dissipate even heavy precipitation, this directive also specifies a minimum permeability of these vegetation substrates. As it is on the component roof no case of congestion of the vegetation stratum is defined, a relatively high permeability - but again not too high to provide enough water for the plants can. For irrigation of such vegetation substrates, for example, over-head irrigation devices, such as Senkregner known. These are known to have the problem that much water is lost by evaporation and also undesirable effects occur due to wind drift. These effects can be avoided if so-called dust irrigation is used. However, a 0 ° roof is required for this. Only in this way can a certain water level be achieved over a wide area, which in turn ensures by capillarity for the supply of the vegetation layer and ultimately the plants with water. To have permanent water as a backup on the roof, but is questionable for structural reasons. Therefore, a minimum gradient on roofs is usually required.

Another water-saving and initially from the application in a grown soil originating form of irrigation is the drip irrigation. In this case, drip lines are laid on or better in the soil or vegetation substrate. The water emerges here punctiform and it form depending on the soil composition rather willing zwdieiförmige or rather slender wetlands. The drip lines have drip openings, the distance of which must be individually aligned, depending on the soil quality, in order to achieve the most uniform possible moisture penetration. In a more permeable sandy soil, the distance is chosen to be low, whereas in loamy soil significantly greater distances are realized. With regard to permeable vegetation substrates such as those used in green roofs, this means a very close distance. It has been shown that the water from the drip openings percolates very quickly and thus also flows quickly to the processes, in particular if a drainage layer is arranged below the vegetation substrate. Such a drainage level is again required for heavy rainfall events. Also, to provide the plants with uniform growth conditions without provoking rotting of the roots, such a drainage layer is generally arranged.

In order to counteract the problem of the lacking distribution of water originating from drip openings in the vegetation substrate, WO 02/082888 A1 discloses an irrigation mat in which drip hoses are arranged in a mat, so that a flat distribution of the water outlet takes place via the mat. This works well if there is enough media under this mat to make it leaking. In the case of drainage with only punctual or

strip-like or circular bearing surfaces irrigation is only partially functional and there are losses because the water seeps through and then drains off in the drainage level.

Since even in natural soils the irrigation amount can always cause problems at the same location when being introduced and the distribution is not always satisfactory, US Pat. No. 5,839,659 proposes a casing of the drip tubes, which in turn initially linearly projects the water along the drip tube between the drip openings the seepage and thus allows a better distribution, without

To produce suffosion.

However, the above-mentioned drip hose variants have the disadvantage that they have to be arranged in the vegetation substrate. As a result, when processing the vega- tion substrate with appropriate garden tools leaks in the drip hoses arise. In addition, the laying at even intervals in loose substrate is difficult. However, a uniform arrangement is again important for the uniform application of the water. Often, because of the drip tube installation, either the substrate must be installed in two layers, or once the substrate has been pre-graded, it is again threaded through a variety of trenches to install the drip hoses.

In the case of dewatering, it is known to retain water in storage elements. This water then passes either by backfilling or by the use of a thread fleece, as described for example in DE 10 2007 006 766 B3, capillary up. The prerequisite for this is a flat water accumulation into which the storage elements or troughs are refilled. However, this requires, as already described, a 0 ° roof, which in itself must be very flat so as not to cause an oversupply in places.

From DE 103 30 318 B4 a drainage device for green roofs is known, in which a plurality of storage elements are used, each having a bottom plate on which a frame is arranged, whose interior is divided by intermediate walls into individual storage compartments. Each intermediate wall has an outlet opening, which is arranged offset to the outlet opening of the adjacent intermediate wall, whereby water meander or serpentine flows through the storage element and then exits via an outflow from the storage element.

In DE 92 07 171 a water storage plate is disclosed which has a bottom on which a lattice-like Stegstruk- is arranged. Several of the webs extend as X webs in the X direction and several as Y webs in the Y direction, with the X and Y webs rising in the Z direction to the ground. The web heights of the X-webs are larger than the web heights of the Y-webs, so that in the Y-direction alongside each other arranged and each extending in the X direction grooves are formed, each by Y-web portions of the Y-webs in X Direction sequentially arranged storage wells are divided. At the top of the Y-web sections is at least one drainage opening, which serves for drainage. The drainage opening is arranged off-center, so that the drainage opening, depending on the orientation of the water storage plate, is located at a higher or at a lower point, as a result of which different levels of water within the storage pits can be achieved. For example, a high storage level for the south side and a low water level for the north side of a pitched roof is intended. A water distribution from storage trough to storage trough does not take place because the drainage openings hinder the transfer of the water.

Furthermore, the prior art AT 006 222 Ul, DE 37 20 390 AI and DE 92 03 707 Ul call.

The object of the invention is to provide a water distribution device for green roofs, with a uniform distribution of water over the entire surface is possible and at the same time has sufficient water storage capacity to provide sufficient water for the overlying vegetation substrate available.

This object is achieved by a water distribution device having the features of independent claim 1. Further- Formations of the invention are shown in the subclaims.

The water distribution device according to the invention is characterized in that the Y-web sections are formed without Abflussöffnungslos, such that introduced by irrigation means in at least one of the storage wells of a respective distribution channel introduced water along this distribution channel by overflowing the Y-web sections and thereby by filling a plurality of distribution channels areal water distribution can be achieved.

The storage wells thus have the task to store water for the vegetation substrate and also to provide a water distribution along the distribution channel. It is not necessary to fill each storage well of a distribution chute individually, as is the case for example with the water storage plate of the prior art, but it is sufficient to fill at least one of the storage wells of a distribution chute. The water then flows into the adjacent storage wells via the Y-web portions, thereby spreading the water along the distribution channel extending in the X direction. By filling several distribution channels, in which the water then spreads each, a planar water distribution is achieved. With such a water distribution device, it is possible to achieve a substantially equal water level within each storage well of the web structure, whereby the same amount of water is available at any point of the water distribution element for the overlying vegetation substrate. The water can then be transported via capillary effects, for example by means of a thread fleece projecting into the storage wells or else by diffusion processes into the vegetation substrate. In one development of the invention, the irrigation agents are part of the water distribution device, wherein the irrigation means are associated with the storage wells such that water can be introduced into at least one storage well of each distribution channel. This ensures that in each distribution channel at least one storage well is filled with water, which is then redistributed to the adjacent storage well by the Y-web portions of adjacent Speicherermulderi are flowed over.

In a particularly preferred manner, the irrigation means have at least one linear-shaped irrigation element extending in the Y-direction. Conveniently, the linear irrigation element extends above the well bottoms of the associated storage wells. The linear irrigation element may extend in the transverse direction of the distribution channels, whereby in principle a linear irrigation element is sufficient to irrigate all the distribution channels of a water distribution element.

However, in order to increase the rate of distribution of the water, it is expedient to provide a plurality of linear irrigation elements arranged one behind the other in the X direction.

It is particularly expedient to provide at least one group of paired, linear irrigation elements, wherein one irrigation element of the group is arranged on this side and the other on the other side of a Y-web. Such a twin arrangement of the irrigation elements is particularly suitable for the case that the water distribution element is laid on uneven ground, ie in an inclined position or in undulating ground. In this case, wells can be filled, otherwise in succession the web heights of the Y-webs and the uneven orientation of the water distribution element would not be filled with water.

Alternatively or in addition to the twin arrangement, it is also possible to arrange the linear irrigation elements at equal distances from each other. When laying groups of paired irrigation elements then these groups could be arranged with equal distances to each other.

In a development of the invention, at least one receptacle for the at least one irrigation element is formed in the web structure. Preferably, the receptacle is configured as at least one recess arranged in the X webs. In principle, it would also be conceivable to place the linear irrigation element on the web structure of this type and, if appropriate, secure in position by means of securing means relative to the water distribution element.

In a particularly preferred manner, the linear irrigation element is designed as an irrigation line, which discharges water in the radial direction via the conduit wall. Conveniently, the irrigation line is an irrigation hose or an irrigation pipe.

It is possible for the irrigation hose or the irrigation pipe to be designed as a drip hose or drip pipe, with a plurality of drip openings arranged successively in the hose or pipe longitudinal direction, wherein each storage recess is associated with at least one of the drip openings. Alternatively, it would also be possible to replace a drip hose

Use a sweat hose that does not deliver water via drip openings, but through pores in the hose wall. In the case of the formation of the linear irrigation element as irrigation line, it is expedient to design the recesses in such a way that the irrigation line can be clipped in without tools and fixed there in a fixed position relative to the water distribution element.

In a development of the invention, all X webs have the same X web height and / or all Y webs have the same Y web height.

However, it is also conceivable that at least one Y-web has a greater web height than the other Y-webs. Conveniently, this high Y-bar is adjacent to a linear irrigation element. This achieves that water is directed in one direction only, i. in the direction of the lower Y-bridge, which is opposite the high Y-bridge, is redistributed. As a result, controlled water distribution within a distribution channel is feasible. It is for example possible to achieve a distribution of water against the direction of slope when laying the water distribution element on a slope.

In a further development of the invention, a plateau element with a plateau surface serving for supporting two-dimensional functional structures or layers, such as irrigation mat, vegetation support layer or the like, being formed in a X-Y plane, is formed at each junction between X and Y webs.

The plateau elements can have a plateau height which is at least equal to the web heights of the Y-bridge. In general, the plateau elements are higher than the X-webs and form the highest level of the water distribution element. It is possible that at least one drainage opening is formed on tops of X-web sections of the X-webs. Since the drainage opening is formed on the high X-webs, it does not hinder the distribution of water. The drainage openings are also used in particular for drainage during heavy rainfall. The drainage openings can simultaneously also be diffusion openings, as a result of which water can diffuse out, for example, in the case of a reversed roof. However, it is also possible to provide separate diffusion openings, which need not necessarily be arranged at the top of X-webs.

In one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of water distribution elements are arranged side by side flat, wherein adjacent water distribution elements are each linked together via flow bridges such that a transfer of water is possible. Conveniently, the flow bridges are formed by overlapping plate edges of adjacent water distribution elements.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in more detail below. In the drawing show:

1 shows a perspective view of a water distribution plate of a first embodiment of the water distribution device according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the water distribution element of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a section through the water distribution element of FIG. 2 along the line AA ^y , FIG. 4 shows a section through the water distribution element of FIG. 2 along the line BB 'in FIG. 2,

Figure 5 shows a section through the water distribution element of

FIG. 2 along the line C-C * in FIG. 2,

Figure 6 shows a running in the Y direction section through the

Water distribution element along the line D-D 'in Figure 2,

Figure 7 shows a running in the Y direction section through the

Water distribution element along the line FF ¹ in Figure 2,

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the water distribution element of FIG. 1 with irrigation means;

FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the water distribution element of FIG. 8;

10 shows a section through the water distribution element of

FIG. 9 along the line AA ¹ in FIG. 9,

11 shows a section through the water distribution element of

FIG. 9 along the line B-B in FIG. 9,

FIG. 12 shows a section through the water distribution element of FIG

FIG. 9 along the line C-C in FIG. 9,

FIG. 13 shows a section in the Y-direction through the

Water distribution element of Figure 9 along the line DD * in Figure 9, FIG. 14 shows a section in the Y direction through the water distribution element of FIG. 9 along the line FF 'in FIG. 9,

FIG. 15 shows a section in the Y-direction through the

Water distribution element of Figure 9 along the line E-E * in Figure 9,

Figure 16 shows the two sections according to Figures 10 and 11 for

Illustration of the water distribution in a diagonally arranged water distribution element according to Figure 9,

17 is a perspective view of a water distribution element of a further embodiment of the water distribution device according to the invention, FIG.

Figure 18 is a plan view of the water distribution element of

FIG. 17

19 shows a section through the water distribution element of

FIG. 18 along the line JJ ^v in FIG. 18,

FIG. 20 shows a section through the water distribution element of FIG

FIG. 18 along the line B-B * in FIG. 18,

Figure 21 is a section through the water distribution element of

FIG. 18 along the line CC ^x in FIG. 18,

FIG. 22 shows a Y-directional section through the water distribution element of FIG. 18 along the line DD 'in FIG. FIG. 23 shows a Y-directional section through the water distribution element of FIG. 18 along the line FF ^x in FIG. 18;

FIG. 24 shows a section oriented in the Y direction through the water distribution element of FIG. 18 along the line I-I * in FIG. 18,

FIG. 25 shows a Y-directional section through the water distribution element of FIG. 18 along the line G-G 'in FIG. 18;

FIG. 26 shows the sections according to FIGS. 19 and 20 when the water distribution element according to FIG. 18 is laid out on surfaces without a gradient,

FIG. 27 shows the illustration according to FIG. 26, below below

Drip tubes lying storage wells are filled with water,

Figure 28 is the next step of Figure 27, with water

via the Y-webs flows into adjacent storage wells,

FIG. 29 shows a further step according to FIG. 28, wherein further

Storage wells are filled,

FIG. 30 shows a step according to FIG. 29, with one each

further storage trough is filled,

FIG. 31 shows a step according to FIG. 30, wherein all storage wells are filled with nearly the same water level, FIG. 32 shows a step according to FIG. 31, the storage media being filled up to the highest level,

Figures a filling process of storage pits in a 33 to 35 water distribution element designed on a surface with a slight slope,

Figures a filling process and storage pits in a 36 to 39 water distribution element designed on a surface with slight bumps,

Figures the gradual distribution of water to a water 40 to 43 distribution element according to Figure 10, designed on a

Low slope or slightly uneven surface with additional twin pipe laying,

FIG. 44 shows the sections according to FIGS. 10 and 11 with an alternative design of an X-bar with drip tube receptacles;

FIG. 45 shows the illustration according to FIG. 44 with additional

Drainage holes at the top of the X-webs,

FIG. 46 shows two water distribution elements according to FIG. 17 in FIG

Section according to FIGS. 19 and 20 arranged next to one another,

FIG. 47 shows a possibility of the plate blank of a water distribution element,

Figure 48 shows an alternative arrangement of two adjacent What

Serving elements by overlapping, 15 PT / EP2011 / 004442

FIG. 49 shows the stepwise distribution of water between two water distribution elements arranged next to one another on a surface with a small gradient.

Figures 1 to 16 show a first embodiment of the water distribution device 11 according to the invention. The water distribution device 11 comprises at least one water distribution element 12, as shown for example in Figures 1 and 8. The water distribution device 11 is intended in particular for green roofs and serves for the storage and for the planar distribution of water. Depending on the area to be planted several such water distribution elements 12 are designed side by side and connected to one another such that a transfer of water from distribution element to distribution element can take place.

The water distribution element 12 is arranged below at least one functional layer or at least one functional structure of the greening structure. For example, a vegetation support layer can be located above the water distribution element, which can also be placed directly on the water distribution element 12 in the manner described in more detail below. It is also possible to arrange a planar irrigation structure, for example in the form of an irrigation mat, between the vegetation support layer and the water distribution element 12, which receives water from the water distribution element, which at the same time still fulfills a water storage function, and delivers it to the overlying vegetation support layer. As a watering mat, for example, a thread fleece can be used, the threads of which project into the structure of the water distribution element 12.

As shown in particular in Figures 1 and 8, the water distribution element is designed plate-like and therefore can Also referred to as water distribution plate. The water distribution element 12 has a bottom plate 13 with exemplary ^¬ rectangular floor plan. It is of course possible to use other planforms, for example, to design the bottom plate 13 in general with polygonal plan. Even round, in particular circular floor plans are conceivable. The decisive factor here is that the largest possible area to be greened is covered by areal layout of the water distribution elements 12 and it is ensured that the water transport over the water distribution elements 12 is possible.

Above the bottom plate, a grid-like web structure 14 rises in the X-, Y- and Z-direction of a coordinate system spanned by X, Y and Z coordinates with a plurality of intersecting webs 15, 16. Expediently, the coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system, so that the webs 15, 16 intersect at right angles. The grid-like web structure 14 is integrally connected to the bottom plate 13. Conveniently, the water distribution element 12 is made of plastic. This allows a relatively low weight, which plays a role especially in green roofs, where mandatory roof loads must be met. Made of plastic water distribution elements 12 are also resistant to weathering and corrosion. It is possible to form a completely made of plastic water distribution element 12 in one operation, for example by means of plastic injection molding or deep drawing.

Of the webs 15, 16 are aligned as a plurality of X-webs 15 in the X direction and a plurality of Y-webs 16 in the Y direction. The X-webs 15 are aligned parallel to each other. Adjacent X-webs 15 are arranged in the Y-direction at regular intervals successively or in succession. An analogous arrangement results in the Y-webs 16. The web heights of the X-webs are greater than the web heights of the Y-webs 16 in such a way that in the Y-direction alongside juxtaposed and each extending in the X direction distribution channels 17th are formed, which are each divided by Y-web portions 18 of the Y-webs 16 in successively arranged in the X direction storage wells 19.

At intersections or intersections of intersecting X and Y webs 15, 16 plateau elements 20 are arranged, each having a spanned in XY plane plateau surface 21, for supporting and also supporting the aforementioned flat functional structures or layers, for example a geotextile or an irrigation mat, serves. The plateau height of the plateau elements 20 is higher than the web height of the X-webs, so that the plateau surfaces 21 form the highest level of the web structure 14. The plateau elements 20 may, for example, have the shape of a truncated pyramid, which tapers in the direction of plateau surface 21. However, other embodiments of the plateau elements 20 are also conceivable. It is crucial that an aligned in X-Y plane plateau surface 21 is provided. The plateau elements 20 form an extended node of the X and Y webs 15, 16, as it were. Y-web sections 18 adjoin mutually opposite flanks 22 of the plateau element 20. Offset by 90 ° then connect two X-web sections 23 also on opposite plateau edges 22 at.

As shown in particular in Figure 3 when cutting through the Y-web portions 18, according to the first embodiment, all Y-webs have the same Y-web height. According to FIG. 4, which shows a section through the plateau elements 20, it is necessary to obtain know that the plateau heights of all plateau elements 20 are equal.

As shown in particular in FIG. 6 in a section through the individual X webs 15, all X webs 15 also have the same X web height.

FIG. 8 additionally shows the first exemplary embodiment of the water distribution device 11 shown in FIG. 1 with irrigation means in the form of a linear irrigation element. FIG. 8 shows by way of example a single linear-shaped irrigation element in the form of a drip hose 24. However, it is clear from FIGS. 10 to 12 that a plurality of such drip hoses 24 can be arranged on a single water distribution element 12. The drip hose 24 is aligned in the Y direction, thus extending over all the distribution channels 17 arranged one behind the other in the Y direction. The drip hose 24 thus supplies one of the storage wells 19 of a respective distribution channel 17 with water in each case. From there, the water spreads in the manner described in more detail below in the X direction, ie transversely to the orientation of the drip hose 24. A very essential aspect of the invention is that the Y-web sections 18 are formed without drainage, so that in the task storage well introduced by means of the drip hose 24 water along the distribution channels 17 can spread by overflow of the Y-web sections 18 and thereby a flat Water distribution over the entire water distribution element 12 can be achieved. The drip hose 24 has in his

Hose wall a plurality of successively arranged in the tube longitudinal direction TropfÖffnungen or Tropflö- cher on the water flowing in the drip hose in the radial Exits direction and then enters the associated storage wells 19.

As shown in particular in Figure 11, it is possible to hang up the drip tube 24 on the X-web sections 23 of the X-webs 15 and expediently such that in the Y direction successively arranged storage wells 19 are bridged substantially centrally through the drip hose 24. FIGS. 10 to 12 show the possibility of laying a second drip hose 24 at a certain distance in the X direction, which likewise extends in the Y direction and is aligned parallel to the first drip hose. FIGS. 13 and 14 show the identical situation to FIGS. 6 and 7, that is to say that all X webs have the same X web height, which is greater than the Y web height of the Y webs 16. Figure 15 shows a section through the drip hose 24, as it is placed on the X-web sections 23.

FIG. 16 shows the distribution of water when the water distribution element 12 is laid on a sloping surface 25, for example a pitched roof, the inclination being in the X direction. It can be seen that first of all the task storage trough 19 is filled with water until such time as the water is present at the upper edge of the second topmost Y web segment 18. Thereafter, the water flows through this Y-web portion in the adjacent storage well 19. This storage well 19 is then also filled to the upper edge of the third upper Y-web portion until water flows again through this Y-web portion in the adjacent storage well. FIG. 16 shows the situation in one of the distribution channels 17. However, this process takes place simultaneously in the further distribution channels 17 arranged one behind the other in the Y direction. It is clear that the storage wells 19 are filled in stages, so that the Water propagates along the distribution channel 17. Although here a slope in the X direction is involved, nevertheless sufficient water remains in the storage wells 19, whereby a reliable irrigation of the arranged above the water distribution element 12 vegetation substrate is possible. A slight cross slope in the Y direction does not affect the function.

FIG. 17 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the water distribution device 11 according to the invention. Here too, a single water distribution element 12 is shown that differs from the water distribution element according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8 in that there are Y webs with different Y web heights.

As shown in particular in FIG. 19, which shows a section through the Y webs 16, there are high Y webs 16b with a larger Y web height than the remaining Y webs 16a. These high Y-webs 16b are located on this side of a drip hose 24, thus limiting the storage wells 19 arranged one behind the other in the Y direction on one side, while the other side of these storage wells 19 is delimited by a lower Y web 16b. Such high Y-webs 16b may be located, for example, in the area of the plate edges 25 of the bottom plate 13, whereby a control of the water distribution in the direction of the lower Y-webs 16a, ie in the direction of the interior of the water distribution element 12 is made possible.

Figures 26 to 32 show the stepwise distribution of water when laying out one or more of the water distribution elements 12 according to the second embodiment of the invention on a surface without a slope. It is here again

Section through one of the distribution channels 17 shown, wherein the process described below then simultaneously in the other distribution channels 17 takes place. There are two mutually parallel and each aligned in the Y direction drip tubes 24 are provided, wherein the Aufgäbe- storage wells 19 each shown on the one hand by a high Y-web 16b, ie a high Y-web portion 18a are limited, while in the X direction opposite Y-web portion is a lower Y-web portion 18a. First, the on-charge storage wells 19 are filled with water until the upper edge of the lower Y-web portions 18b is reached. The Y-web sections 18 are in turn designed drain-open, so that water as shown in Figure 28, flows through this Y-web portion 18a into the adjacent storage well 19. An overflow of the high Y-web portions 18b does not take place, whereby a control of the water distribution is achieved in a certain direction, namely in this case to the right. This process takes place at both drip - hoses 24 and the associated storage wells 19 at the same time. As shown in FIGS. 29 to 31, the storage wells are then gradually filled with water until the last storage well has been reached, which in turn is characterized in that it is bounded on the one hand by a high Y-web section 18b. The filling can then continue as shown in FIG. 32 until the upper edge of the X-web sections 23 has been reached.

Figures 33 to 35 show the stepwise distribution of water when laying at least one water distribution element according to the second embodiment of the invention on a sloping surface. The gradient or inclination extends again in the X direction. In the case shown, the inclination extends from top right to bottom left. As shown particularly in FIGS. 34 and 35, the storage pits can be opposite to the direction of inclination from top right to left down in the direction from left to right to be filled one after another with water. This is achieved by the high Y-web sections 18. In this case, for example, the first two storage troughs 19 arranged to the right of the deposit storage troughs can be filled by water from the left, ie via the storage bin of the first drip hose 24, whereas the two remaining storage troughs are to be filled with water from the right, which is the task - Storage well 19 of the second drip hose 24 comes and flows over the high Y-web portion 18 b from right to left.

Figures 36 to 39 show the situation of the maximum filling of the storage wells 19 when designing at least one water distribution element 12 according to the second embodiment of the invention on a surface with unevenness and indeed elevations and reductions according to the arrow directions of the arrows in Figures 36 to 39.

By way of example, three drip hoses 24 arranged in parallel and each aligned in the Y direction are provided here. According to FIG. 36, the middle drip hose 24 lies on an elevation. The first drip hose irrigates from left to right, while the second drip hose and the third drip hose also irrigate from left to right. In this installation, however, two storage wells along the distribution channel 17 remain dry because they are not accessible by water from the first drip hose 24, which in this case before it reaches these storage wells 19, can flow through the X-webs. In order to counteract this problem, according to FIG. 40, a twin arrangement is provided comprising a plurality of groups of paired drip hoses 24a, 24b. The middle drip tube 24a can thus another left of it Drip tube 24b are assigned, whereby the two remaining storage wells 19, which have previously remained dry, can be filled.

FIGS. 37 to 39 show comparable situations on differently shaped unevennesses, in which irrigation of individual storage wells is also difficult or even impossible. These problems are also solved analogously, as shown in FIGS. 41 to 43, by means of a twin arrangement of paired drip tubes 24a, 24b. The arrangement of several groups of paired drip tubes 24, which may also be referred to as twin hoses, thus ensures irrigation of the entire distribution channel 17. Since the situation shown in Figures 40 to 43 takes place simultaneously in the Y direction in succession arranged other distribution channels, So even in unevenness a planar water distribution over the entire water distribution element 12 allows.

Figure 44 shows a third embodiment of the water distribution device according to the invention. Again, by way of example, a water distribution element 12 is shown and corresponding to the sections of Figures 10 and 11. The third embodiment of the invention differs from the embodiments described above in that the web structure 14 has receptacles 26 in the form of recesses for receiving the drip hoses 24 , The savings are here in the X-web sections 23, which may be increased compared to the remaining X-web sections, for example up to the height of the plateau elements 20. The approximately semicircular recesses each have an insertion slot whose slot width is smaller than the diameter of the Dripping hose, which, however, is still tion can be introduced, since the hose material and / or the plastic material, with which the X-web portions are formed, is flexible. As a result, a drip hose 24 can be clipped into the recesses without tools in a simple manner, where it is then fixed in a fixed position relative to the water distribution element 12.

FIG. 45 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the water distribution device 11 according to the invention. It differs from the third exemplary embodiment described above in that drainage openings 27 are provided on the upper side of the X web sections 23, through which drainage of the water distribution element 12 can take place, in particular even during heavy precipitation. The drainage holes 27 also allow a Difussion from below, for example, when using reversible insulation.

FIG. 46 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of the water distribution device 11 according to the invention. Here, two water distribution elements 12 are provided, whose mutually adjacent and illustrated sections are arranged side by side, one after the other. In this case, it is expedient that the plate edges 25, which run in the Y direction, are each provided with a high Y web 16b, so that two high Y webs lie opposite one another during installation.

FIG. 47 shows the possibility that a respective water distribution element 12 can also be assembled individually, in particular cut to the desired base area. When cutting between two high Y-webs 16 b, it is then appropriate to arrange a drip hose on both sides of the remaining at least one high Y-web 16 b, to allow a satisfactory irrigation of the plate edge 25. In this case, for example, one of the bottom plates 13 of one of the two water distribution elements 12 extends beyond the outermost high Y-web 16b, this projecting overlapping section 28 as Footprint for a designed without such overlap portion plate edge of the adjacent water distribution element 12 is used.

FIG. 49 shows a further possibility for linking, in particular, two water distribution elements 12 configured according to the first exemplary embodiment. In this case, a plate edge can also be configured as an overlap section 28, which can additionally have a plug-in web 29, which in turn can be inserted in a Y-web of the adjacent one Water distribution element 12 can be inserted. At this point, there is no Y-bar at the joints between the two water distribution elements, whereby water can be passed on from distribution element to distribution element 12.

In a further embodiment of the invention, not shown in the drawing figures, the Y-webs may be provided with a reinforcing structure, which is designed so that it can additionally absorb shear forces. Thus, in the case of laying on inclined surfaces of the water distribution element additional thrust can be absorbed and removed from the water distribution element 12 to water distribution element 12 towards stable abutments (for example, thrust or even to the stable eaves). The insertion of reinforcement profiles in the Y direction is conceivable to absorb the thrust. The design of ladder-like structures is possible.

Claims

claims

1. Water distribution device for green roofs, with at least one water distribution element (12) having a bottom plate

(13) on which a grid-like web structure (14) in the X, Y and Z directions of a coordinate system spanned by X, Y, and Z coordinates with a plurality of intersecting webs (15, 16) is arranged, of which several extend as X-webs (15) in the X direction and several as Y-webs (16) in the Y direction and the X and Y-webs (15, 16) in the Z direction over the bottom plate (13) raise, wherein the web heights of the X-webs (15) greater than the web heights of the Y-webs

(16) are such that distribution channels (17) are arranged alongside one another in the Y direction and extend in each case in the X direction, said distribution channels being in each case formed by Y web sections (18) of the Y webs (16) in FIG. Direction successively arranged storage wells (19) are divided, characterized in that the Y-web portions (18) are formed without Abflussöffnungslos, such that by means of irrigation in at least one of the storage wells (19) of a respective distribution channel (17) introduced water along this distribution channel (17) by overflowing the Y-web sections (18) propagates and thereby by filling a plurality of distribution channels (17) a surface water distribution can be achieved.

2. Water distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that the irrigation component of the water Distribution device (11), wherein the irrigation means are associated with the storage wells (19) such that in at least one storage well (19) of each distribution channel (17) water is introduced.

3. Water distribution device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the irrigation means has at least one extending in the Y direction linear-shaped irrigation element.

4. Water distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of longitudinally arranged in the X direction behind one another, linear irrigation elements are provided.

5. Water distribution device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one group of paired, linear irrigation elements are provided, wherein one irrigation element of the group on this side and the other beyond a Y-web (16) are arranged.

6. Water distribution device according to one of claims 3 to

5, characterized in that in the web structure (14) at least one receptacle (26) for the at least one linear-shaped irrigation element is formed, preferably designed as at least one in the X-webs (15) arranged recess.

7. Water distribution device according to one of claims 3 to

6, characterized in that the linear-shaped irrigation element is designed as irrigation line, which discharges water in the radial direction via the conduit wall, wherein preferably an irrigation hose and / or irrigation tube is provided as the irrigation line.

8. Water distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that the irrigation hose or irrigation tube is formed as a drip hose (24) or drip, with a plurality of hose or tube longitudinally successive arranged TropfÖffnungen, each storage well (19) is associated with at least one of the drip openings ,

9. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all X-webs (15) have the same X-web height and / or all Y-webs (16) the same Y-web height.

10. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one Y-web (16b) has a relation to the other Y-webs (16a) larger web height, preferably the high Y-web (16b) adjacent to a linear irrigation element is arranged.

11. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at intersection points between X and Y-webs (15, 16) each have a plateau element

(20) is formed with a plateau surface (21), which is spanned in an XY plane and is used to support flat functional structures or layers, such as irrigation mat, geotextile, vegetation support layer or the like, the plateau element (20) preferably having a plateau height at least the same size as the web heights of the X-webs

(15).

12. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on tops of X- Web portions (21) of the X-webs (15) at least one drainage opening (27) is formed.

13. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of water distribution elements (12) are arranged side by side flat, wherein adjacent water distribution elements (12) are each linked via flow bridges in such a way that a transfer of water is possible.

14. Water distribution device according to claim 13, characterized in that the flow bridges are formed by overlapping plate edges of adjacent water distribution elements (12).

15. Water distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the Y-webs (16) are equipped with a reinforcing structure for receiving shear forces.