WO2012005237A1 - 炭化珪素基板、半導体装置およびsoiウエハ - Google Patents
炭化珪素基板、半導体装置およびsoiウエハ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012005237A1 WO2012005237A1 PCT/JP2011/065342 JP2011065342W WO2012005237A1 WO 2012005237 A1 WO2012005237 A1 WO 2012005237A1 JP 2011065342 W JP2011065342 W JP 2011065342W WO 2012005237 A1 WO2012005237 A1 WO 2012005237A1
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- silicon carbide
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 118
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D86/00—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/12—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
- H01L23/14—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the material or its electrical properties
- H01L23/15—Ceramic or glass substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/3735—Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6758—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the insulating substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D86/00—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates
- H10D86/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon carbide substrate, a semiconductor device, and an SOI wafer, and more particularly, to a silicon carbide substrate for mounting a semiconductor element that operates in a high frequency region, and a semiconductor device and an SOI wafer using the silicon carbide substrate.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a silicon carbide substrate made of polycrystalline silicon carbide in which loss in a high frequency region is reduced by performing heat treatment or the like.
- the silicon layer is utilized by mounting a semiconductor element on the surface of the silicon carbide substrate or after forming a silicon layer on the silicon carbide substrate via an insulating film. By forming the element, a semiconductor device with low high-frequency loss can be manufactured.
- the silicon carbide substrate disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not have a high thermal conductivity, there is a possibility that heat cannot be sufficiently radiated when a semiconductor element having a large calorific value is mounted.
- the silicon carbide substrate disclosed in Patent Document 1 has high insulation, as described above, since the thermal conductivity is not high, both insulation and thermal conductivity are provided. It was not suitable when excellent properties were required.
- a first silicon carbide substrate according to the present invention includes a first layer made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, and a second layer made of polycrystalline silicon carbide formed on the surface of the first layer,
- the second layer has a smaller high-frequency loss than the first layer, and the first layer has a higher thermal conductivity than the second layer.
- the high-frequency loss at a frequency of 20 GHz on the surface side of the second layer is 2 dB / mm or less, and the thermal conductivity is 200 W / mK or more.
- the second layer preferably has a thickness of 20% or less of the total thickness of the silicon carbide substrate and 10 ⁇ m or more.
- a second silicon carbide substrate includes a first layer made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, and a second layer made of polycrystalline silicon carbide formed on the surface of the first layer,
- the second layer has a larger specific resistance than the first layer
- the first layer has a larger thermal conductivity than the second layer.
- the specific resistance on the surface side of the second layer is 10 4 ⁇ cm or more
- the thermal conductivity is 200 W / mK or more.
- the first layer is formed by a CVD method in an atmosphere containing nitrogen
- the second layer is a CVD method in an atmosphere not containing nitrogen. Can be formed.
- a semiconductor device includes the above-described silicon carbide substrate and a semiconductor element bonded onto the surface of the second layer of the silicon carbide substrate.
- An SOI wafer according to the present invention includes the silicon carbide substrate described above, an insulating layer formed on the surface of the second layer of the silicon carbide substrate, and a silicon layer formed on the surface of the insulating layer. It is a thing.
- the first layer and the second layer each made of polycrystalline silicon carbide are provided, the second layer has a high frequency loss smaller than that of the first layer, and the first layer has the first layer Since it has a thermal conductivity larger than that of the second layer, a silicon carbide substrate having a low high-frequency loss and excellent heat dissipation can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an SOI wafer according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows silicon carbide substrate S according to the first embodiment.
- Silicon carbide substrate S has a two-layer structure composed of first silicon carbide layer 1 having a thickness D1 and second silicon carbide layer 2 having a thickness D2 formed on the surface of first silicon carbide layer 1.
- the first silicon carbide layer 1 and the second silicon carbide layer 2 are both made of polycrystalline silicon carbide, and the second silicon carbide layer 2 has a high frequency loss smaller than that of the first silicon carbide layer 1.
- the first silicon carbide layer 1 has a larger thermal conductivity than the second silicon carbide layer 2 in the thickness direction.
- first silicon carbide layer 1 is approximately 260 W / mK
- second silicon carbide layer 2 is approximately 100 W / mK
- the high frequency loss at a frequency of 20 GHz is as large as about 50 dB / mm for the first silicon carbide layer 1 whereas about 1.4 to 1.5 dB / mm for the second silicon carbide layer 2. It has a very small value.
- the second silicon carbide layer 2 has a specific resistance of 10 4 ⁇ cm or more.
- the silicon carbide substrate S has a high frequency loss at a frequency of 20 GHz on the surface side of the second silicon carbide layer 2. And has a value of 2 dB / mm or less and a thermal conductivity of 200 W / mK or more in the thickness direction. Silicon carbide substrate S has a value of 10 4 ⁇ cm or more as the specific resistance on the surface side of second silicon carbide layer 2.
- Such a silicon carbide substrate S can be manufactured as follows. First, the graphite substrate is held in a CVD apparatus, and the pressure in the CVD apparatus is set to, for example, 1.3 kPa. SiCl 4 and C 3 H 8 that are source gases of silicon carbide together with hydrogen gas as a carrier gas in the CVD apparatus Etc. are supplied at a volume ratio of 5 to 20%, and further, nitrogen gas is supplied at a volume ratio of 0.5 to 2.5% with respect to these raw material gases, and is heated to a temperature of 1000 to 1600 ° C., for example. Silicon carbide is grown to a predetermined thickness on the upper, lower and side surfaces of the material. This silicon carbide forms first silicon carbide layer 1.
- the surface of the first silicon carbide layer 1 is the same as the method for forming the first silicon carbide layer 1 described above except that nitrogen gas is not supplied into the CVD apparatus. Silicon carbide is grown thereon to form second silicon carbide layer 2.
- the silicon carbide formed on the side surface of the graphite base material is ground and removed.
- the two-layer structure of the first silicon carbide layer 1 and the second silicon carbide layer 2 remains on the upper surface and the lower surface of the graphite substrate, respectively, and the side surface of the graphite substrate is exposed.
- the graphite substrate is heated at a temperature of 900 to 1400 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to burn and remove the graphite substrate. Thereby, two silicon carbide substrates S are obtained.
- SiH 4 / CH 4 , SiH 4 / C 2 H 4 , SiH 4 / C 3 H 8 , SiCl 4 / CCl 4 , SiCl 4 / CH 4 , CH 3 SiCl 3 , ( CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2 can also be used.
- second silicon carbide layer 2 is formed on the surface of first silicon carbide layer 1 without supplying nitrogen gas.
- the second silicon carbide layer 2 is formed under the condition that the nitrogen gas is not supplied, and then the nitrogen gas is supplied to form the second silicon carbide layer 2 on the surface of the second silicon carbide layer 2.
- One silicon carbide layer 1 can also be formed.
- the formation of the first silicon carbide layer 1 and the formation of the second silicon carbide layer 2 may be performed continuously by changing the conditions relating to the nitrogen gas supply, or may be performed in separate processes. it can.
- the total thickness Dt of the silicon carbide substrate S having the two-layer structure of the first silicon carbide layer 1 and the second silicon carbide layer 2 is 500 ⁇ m
- the thickness D2 of the second silicon carbide layer 2 is A plurality of silicon carbide substrates S with various changes are manufactured, and the results of measuring the high-frequency loss at a frequency of 20 GHz on the surface side of the second silicon carbide layer 2 for each silicon carbide substrate S are shown in FIG.
- thickness D2 of second silicon carbide layer 2 is smaller than about 10 ⁇ m, the value of high-frequency loss on the surface side of second silicon carbide layer 2 increases rapidly as thickness D2 approaches zero.
- the thickness D2 of the second silicon carbide layer 2 is 10 ⁇ m or more, the high-frequency loss on the surface side of the second silicon carbide layer 2 shows a small value of 2 dB / mm or less. Even when D2 increases as it approaches 500 ⁇ m, the high-frequency loss on the surface side of second silicon carbide layer 2 is stable at 1.4 to 1.5 dB / mm. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, there is no practical problem in mounting a semiconductor element that operates in a high frequency region as long as the substrate exhibits a high frequency loss of 2.0 dB / mm or less at a frequency of 20 GHz. Therefore, the thickness D2 of the second silicon carbide layer 2 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the thermal conductivity of the first silicon carbide layer 1 is 264 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of the second silicon carbide layer 2 is about 105 W / mK
- the total thickness Dt of the silicon carbide substrate S is 1650 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between thickness D2 of second silicon carbide layer 2 and thermal conductivity of silicon carbide substrate S as a whole in the thickness direction. As the thickness D2 of second silicon carbide layer 2 decreases, the thermal conductivity of silicon carbide substrate S as a whole increases. The present inventors have found that if the substrate has a thermal conductivity of 200 W / mK or more, even if a semiconductor element that operates in a high frequency region is mounted, a sufficient heat dissipation effect can be exhibited.
- the thermal conductivity of silicon carbide substrate S is the second silicon carbide layer 2 relative to the total thickness Dt of silicon carbide substrate S. It seems that it is determined by the ratio of the thickness D2.
- thickness D2 of second silicon carbide layer 2 is 20% or less of total thickness Dt of silicon carbide substrate S. Is preferred. That is, considering both high-frequency loss and heat dissipation, it is preferable to set the thickness D2 of second silicon carbide layer 2 to 20% or less of the total thickness Dt of silicon carbide substrate S and to 10 ⁇ m or more. .
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment.
- semiconductor element 3 is bonded to the surface of second silicon carbide layer 2 of silicon carbide substrate S shown in the first embodiment.
- Semiconductor element 3 is bonded onto the surface of second silicon carbide layer 2 by brazing or the like. It is also possible to form a predetermined conductive pattern on the surface of second silicon carbide layer 2 and to bond semiconductor element 3 onto the conductive pattern using solder.
- the silicon carbide substrate S has a small high-frequency loss of 2 dB / mm or less at a frequency of 20 GHz on the surface side of the second silicon carbide layer 2 that is the mounting surface of the semiconductor element 3, and 200 W.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) wafer according to the third embodiment.
- an insulating layer 4 such as SiO 2 is formed on the surface of the second silicon carbide layer 2 of the silicon carbide substrate S shown in the first embodiment, and a silicon layer 5 is formed on the surface of the insulating layer 4. Is formed.
- a circuit element is formed using the silicon layer 5.
- the silicon carbide substrate S has a small high-frequency loss of 2 dB / mm or less at a frequency of 20 GHz and a thermal conductivity of 200 W / mK or more on the surface side of the second silicon carbide layer 2, the silicon layer Even if an element that operates in a high-frequency region is formed using 5, a highly reliable and stable device is realized.
- silicon carbide substrate S has a high specific resistance of 10 4 ⁇ cm or more on the surface side of second silicon carbide layer 2, the silicon layer 5 is used to constitute a circuit that requires excellent insulation. However, a reliable and stable operation is possible.
- a high-frequency wiring board for handling signals such as microwaves and millimeter waves can be manufactured by forming a high-frequency transmission line on the silicon carbide substrate S shown in the first embodiment. Due to the presence of the silicon carbide substrate S, a high-frequency wiring board with a reduced transmission loss of high-frequency signals can be obtained.
- SYMBOLS 1 1st silicon carbide layer, 2nd 2nd silicon carbide layer, 3 semiconductor element, 4 insulating layer, 5 silicon layer, S silicon carbide substrate.
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Abstract
Description
これらの誘電体セラミックスのうち、特に、高い機械的強度と安定した化学的特性を兼ね備えたものとして、炭化珪素が知られているが、従来の機械部品等に用いられていた炭化珪素は、高周波領域における損失が大きいため、高周波用の半導体素子を搭載する基板の材料には適していなかった。
そこで、例えば、特許文献1には、熱処理を加える等により、高周波領域における損失を低減させた多結晶炭化珪素からなる炭化珪素基板が開示されている。
しかしながら、特許文献1に開示された炭化珪素基板は、熱伝導率が高いものではないため、発熱量の大きな半導体素子を搭載すると、十分に放熱を行うことができないおそれがあった。
また、特許文献1に開示された炭化珪素基板は、高い絶縁性を有することがわかっているが、上述したように、熱伝導率が高いものではないため、絶縁性と熱伝導性の双方において優れた特性が要求される場合には、適していなかった。
また、この発明は、優れた絶縁性と放熱性を示す炭化珪素基板を提供することも目的とする。
さらに、この発明は、このような炭化珪素基板を用いた半導体装置並びにSOIウエハを提供することも目的としている。
好ましくは、第2の層の表面側における周波数20GHzでの高周波損失が2dB/mm以下であり、熱伝導率が200W/mK以上である。
また、第2の層は、炭化珪素基板の全厚の20%以下で且つ10μm以上の厚さを有することが好ましい。
この発明に係る第2の炭化珪素基板は、多結晶炭化珪素からなる第1の層と、第1の層の表面上に形成された多結晶炭化珪素からなる第2の層とを備え、第2の層は、第1の層より大きな比抵抗を有し、第1の層は、第2の層より大きな熱伝導率を有するものである。
好ましくは、第2の層の表面側における比抵抗が104Ωcm以上であり、熱伝導率が200W/mK以上である。
これら第1の炭化珪素基板および第2の炭化珪素基板において、第1の層は、窒素を含有する雰囲気中でCVD法により形成され、第2の層は、窒素を含有しない雰囲気中でCVD法により形成されることができる。
また、この発明に係るSOIウエハは、上述した炭化珪素基板と、炭化珪素基板の第2の層の表面上に形成された絶縁層と、絶縁層の表面上に形成されたシリコン層とを備えたものである。
実施の形態1
図1に、実施の形態1に係る炭化珪素基板Sを示す。炭化珪素基板Sは、厚さD1の第1の炭化珪素層1と、第1の炭化珪素層1の表面上に形成された厚さD2の第2の炭化珪素層2からなる2層構造を有している。これら第1の炭化珪素層1および第2の炭化珪素層2は、いずれも多結晶炭化珪素からなり、第2の炭化珪素層2は、第1の炭化珪素層1より小さな高周波損失を有し、第1の炭化珪素層1は、厚さ方向に第2の炭化珪素層2より大きな熱伝導率を有している。
また、周波数20GHzにおける高周波損失は、第1の炭化珪素層1が約50dB/mmもの大きな値を有するのに対して、第2の炭化珪素層2は1.4~1.5dB/mm程度の極めて小さな値を有している。
さらに、第2の炭化珪素層2は、104Ωcm以上の比抵抗を有している。
これら第1の炭化珪素層1と第2の炭化珪素層2からなる2層構造を形成することにより、炭化珪素基板Sは、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側における周波数20GHzでの高周波損失として2dB/mm以下の値を有し、厚さ方向に200W/mK以上の熱伝導率を有している。また、炭化珪素基板Sは、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側における比抵抗として104Ωcm以上の値を有している。
まず、黒鉛基材をCVD装置内に保持させ、CVD装置内の圧力を例えば1.3kPaとして、CVD装置内にキャリアガスである水素ガスと共に炭化珪素の原料ガスとなるSiCl4、C3H8等を体積比で5~20%供給し、さらに、これら原料ガスに対する体積比0.5~2.5%の窒素ガスを供給し、例えば1000~1600℃の温度に加熱することにより、黒鉛基材の上面、下面および側面に炭化珪素を所定の厚さだけ成長させる。この炭化珪素が、第1の炭化珪素層1を形成することとなる。
その後、黒鉛基材を酸素雰囲気で温度900~1400℃で加熱することにより、黒鉛基材を燃焼させて除去する。これにより、2枚の炭化珪素基板Sが得られる。
また、上述した方法では、窒素ガスを供給して第1の炭化珪素層1を形成した後に、窒素ガスを供給しないで第1の炭化珪素層1の表面上に第2の炭化珪素層2を形成したが、これとは逆に、まず、窒素ガスを供給しない条件で第2の炭化珪素層2を形成し、その後、窒素ガスを供給して第2の炭化珪素層2の表面上に第1の炭化珪素層1を形成することもできる。
これら第1の炭化珪素層1の形成と第2の炭化珪素層2の形成は、窒素ガス供給に関する条件を変更して連続的に行ってもよく、あるいは、それぞれ独立した別工程で行うこともできる。
第2の炭化珪素層2の厚さD2が、10μm程度より小さい場合には、この厚さD2が0に近づくほど、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側における高周波損失の値は急激に増加することがわかる。これは、第2の炭化珪素層2が薄いために、高周波の影響が、表面層である第2の炭化珪素層2だけでなく、第2の炭化珪素層2の下側に位置する第1の炭化珪素層1にまで及ぶことに起因すると思われる。
本発明者等の知見によれば、周波数20GHzにおいて2.0dB/mm以下の高周波損失を示す基板であれば、高周波領域で作動する半導体素子を実装するのに実用上問題がない。したがって、第2の炭化珪素層2の厚さD2は、10μm以上であることが好ましい。
第2の炭化珪素層2の厚さD2が小さくなるほど、炭化珪素基板S全体の熱伝導率は増加する。
本発明者等は、基板の熱伝導率が200W/mK以上であれば、高周波領域で作動する半導体素子を実装しても、十分な放熱作用を発揮し得ると知見している。
すなわち、高周波損失および放熱性の双方を考慮すると、第2の炭化珪素層2の厚さD2を、炭化珪素基板Sの全厚Dtの20%以下で且つ10μm以上に設定することが好適である。
図4に、実施の形態2に係る半導体装置の構成を示す。この半導体装置は、実施の形態1に示した炭化珪素基板Sの第2の炭化珪素層2の表面上に半導体素子3が接合されたものである。半導体素子3は、ろう付け等により第2の炭化珪素層2の表面上に接合される。また、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面上に所定の導電パターンを形成し、導電パターンの上にハンダを用いて半導体素子3を接合することもできる。
このような構成の半導体装置によれば、炭化珪素基板Sが、半導体素子3の実装面である第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側において周波数20GHzで2dB/mm以下の小さな高周波損失と、200W/mK以上の熱伝導率を有するので、半導体素子3が高周波領域で作動する素子であっても、信頼性の高い、安定した動作を行うことが可能となる。
また、炭化珪素基板Sが、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側において104Ωcm以上の高い比抵抗を有しているので、半導体素子3を用いて優れた絶縁性が要求される回路を構成しても、安定した動作が確保される。
図5に、実施の形態3に係るSOI(Silicon on Insulator)ウエハの構成を示す。SOIウエハは、実施の形態1に示した炭化珪素基板Sの第2の炭化珪素層2の表面上にSiO2等の絶縁層4が形成されると共に、絶縁層4の表面上にシリコン層5が形成されたものである。シリコン層5を利用して回路素子が形成される。
このSOIウエハにおいても、炭化珪素基板Sが、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側において周波数20GHzで2dB/mm以下の小さな高周波損失と、200W/mK以上の熱伝導率を有するので、シリコン層5を利用して高周波領域で作動する素子が形成されても、信頼性の高い、安定した動作を行う装置が実現される。
また、炭化珪素基板Sが、第2の炭化珪素層2の表面側において104Ωcm以上の高い比抵抗を有するので、シリコン層5を利用して優れた絶縁性が要求される回路を構成しても、信頼性の高い、安定した動作が可能となる。
Claims (8)
- 多結晶炭化珪素からなる第1の層と、
前記第1の層の表面上に形成された多結晶炭化珪素からなる第2の層と
を備え、
前記第2の層は、前記第1の層より小さな高周波損失を有し、前記第1の層は、前記第2の層より大きな熱伝導率を有することを特徴とする炭化珪素基板。 - 前記第2の層の表面側における周波数20GHzでの高周波損失が2dB/mm以下であり、熱伝導率が200W/mK以上である請求項1に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 前記第2の層は、前記炭化珪素基板の全厚の20%以下で且つ10μm以上の厚さを有する請求項1または2に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 多結晶炭化珪素からなる第1の層と、
前記第1の層の表面上に形成された多結晶炭化珪素からなる第2の層と
を備え、
前記第2の層は、前記第1の層より大きな比抵抗を有し、前記第1の層は、前記第2の層より大きな熱伝導率を有することを特徴とする炭化珪素基板。 - 前記第2の層の表面側における比抵抗が104Ωcm以上であり、熱伝導率が200W/mK以上である請求項4に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 前記第1の層は、窒素を含有する雰囲気中でCVD法により形成され、前記第2の層は、窒素を含有しない雰囲気中でCVD法により形成された請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の炭化珪素基板と、
前記炭化珪素基板の前記第2の層の表面上に接合された半導体素子と
を備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の炭化珪素基板と、
前記炭化珪素基板の前記第2の層の表面上に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層の表面上に形成されたシリコン層と
を備えたことを特徴とするSOIウエハ。
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