WO2011145281A1 - 光アナログ/デジタル変換器、その構成方法、光信号復調器及び光変復調装置 - Google Patents
光アナログ/デジタル変換器、その構成方法、光信号復調器及び光変復調装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011145281A1 WO2011145281A1 PCT/JP2011/002511 JP2011002511W WO2011145281A1 WO 2011145281 A1 WO2011145281 A1 WO 2011145281A1 JP 2011002511 W JP2011002511 W JP 2011002511W WO 2011145281 A1 WO2011145281 A1 WO 2011145281A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F7/00—Optical analogue/digital converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
- G02F2/004—Transferring the modulation of modulated light, i.e. transferring the information from one optical carrier of a first wavelength to a second optical carrier of a second wavelength, e.g. all-optical wavelength converter
- G02F2/006—All-optical wavelength conversion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/50—Phase-only modulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical analog / digital converter used in, for example, an optical communication system and an optical interconnection, an optical signal demodulator, an optical modulation / demodulation device, and an optical analog / digital converter.
- wavelength division multiplexing is used and the wavelength channel interval is determined. Therefore, about 100 channels can be used at 50 GHz intervals within the band of the optical fiber amplifier.
- optical multilevel modulation increases the amount of information without increasing the frequency usage band by multileveling using the amplitude and phase of light. It is a method to make it.
- optical OFDM an OFDM signal is generated from an electrical signal, optically modulated, and multiplexed between optical subcarriers in an orthogonal state. Therefore, the crosstalk problem can be solved and the frequency utilization efficiency can be increased.
- an optical A / D converter that directly derives an analog amount of an optical signal as a digital value has a feature of high speed, and thus many proposals have been made.
- Patent Document 1 by dividing an optical signal by a different predetermined division ratio, the light amount is expressed by a predetermined ratio, and the optical analog amount of the input optical signal depending on whether each divided optical signal has reached a threshold value Is detected.
- a feedback system via a non-linear optical element is configured for an input optical signal that is an analog signal, so that digital signals are sequentially transmitted from the optical A / D conversion means. A first output light is obtained.
- an optical encoding circuit uses a plurality of optical encoders including optical nonlinear elements having periodicity with different input / output characteristics relating to light intensity, to generate a pulse train of signal light having a first wavelength.
- Optically encoding according to control light which is a pulse train of an optical analog signal that has a second wavelength in the vicinity different from the first wavelength and is optically sampled, and each of a plurality of optically encoded pulse trains of signal light Output from the optical encoder.
- the optical quantization circuit is connected to each of the optical encoders, and uses a plurality of optical threshold processors having an optical nonlinear element having an input / output characteristic related to light intensity having periodicity, and the first wavelength.
- a pulse train of carrier light having a third wavelength in the vicinity different from the above is optically quantized by performing optical threshold processing in accordance with a plurality of optically encoded pulse trains of signal light, and output as an optical digital signal .
- Patent Document 4 a plurality of branch interference type optical modulators are provided, a photovoltaic element is formed on the same substrate, and an output voltage of the photovoltaic element is applied to the branch interference type optical modulator. It is characterized by that. Therefore, in this example, the intensity signal light is once received by the PD and converted into a voltage signal, and the speed of the electric signal determines the speed of the entire circuit.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for sampling signal light and performing A / D conversion using probe light.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique for performing sequential A / D conversion by optical subtraction.
- JP 2007-24924 A JP-A-1-56426 JP 2005-173530 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-203666 JP 2008-209775 A JP 2001-051314 A
- an A / D converter arranged at the rear stage of the PD of the optical demodulation circuit on the receiving side uses an electric circuit.
- the speed of electric signal processing is limited.
- the bit rate of each subcarrier remains below Gbit / s.
- power consumption for processing is large.
- the method using an optical A / D converter is considered to have a complicated structure because it is difficult to subtract light having a certain intensity from light having a certain intensity as it is.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an optical demodulation circuit using a high-speed and low power consumption optical A / D converter.
- the optical A / D converter is An optical demultiplexer that divides the analog input signal light into a plurality of parts; A plurality of Mach-Zehnder optical interferometers to which each signal light divided by the optical demultiplexer is input, A plurality of optical / electrical conversion means for converting each signal light output from each of the Mach-Zehnder type optical interferometers into a digital electrical signal, Each Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer is A light intensity phase conversion means for optically converting the intensity of the input signal light into a phase shift amount; The phase shift amount is different for each Mach-Zehnder type optical interferometer.
- the configuration method of the optical A / D converter according to the present invention is as follows: An optical demultiplexer that divides the analog input signal light into multiple parts is provided. A plurality of Mach-Zehnder optical interferometers to which each signal light divided by the optical demultiplexer is input are provided, A plurality of optical / electrical conversion means for converting each signal light output from each of the Mach-Zehnder type optical interferometers into a digital electrical signal, Each Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer is provided with a light intensity phase conversion means for optically converting the intensity of the input signal light into a phase shift amount, The phase shift amount is configured to be different for each Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer.
- a high-speed and low-power optical A / D converter can be obtained, and an optical signal demodulator and an optical modulation / demodulation device including it can be realized at high speed and low power.
- region 8 of FIG. 3 is a graph showing characteristics of light intensity phase conversion units 25 to 28. It is a graph which shows the relative light intensity in the cross section 21 of FIG. It is a figure which shows the digital signal according to the input light intensity output from the optical A / D converter which concerns on 1st, 2nd and 3rd Embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a light intensity phase converter 39.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another configuration of the light intensity phase converter 39.
- FIG. It is a block diagram of the optical A / D converter which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the light modulation area
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a light intensity phase converter 59. It is a figure which shows the structure of the light modulation area
- a device called an optical phase hybrid is used to cause interference between four local lights having different phases by 90 degrees and signal lights, and output for each of two systems for the real part I and the imaginary part Q.
- Light is obtained, and light from each system is received by a PD (Photodiode).
- PD Photodiode
- optical A / D conversion is performed using intensity information in each system after the optical signal has already been separated into the real part I or the imaginary part Q.
- the intensity of light was received by a PD and converted into an electric signal, and then converted into a digital value by an A / D converter using an electric circuit.
- the method using an optical A / D converter is considered to have a complicated structure because it is difficult to subtract light having a certain intensity from light having a certain intensity as it is. Therefore, in the present invention, a circuit for converting the intensity into a phase difference is added, and processing is performed with the optical phase.
- the light intensity is decomposed into multiple bits and extracted as a digital value in the state of light.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the optical A / D converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a 4-bit optical A / D converter.
- the optical A / D converter includes an input port 1, an optical demultiplexer 2, an optical waveguide 3, a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) type optical interferometer 4, output ports 13 to 20, and a balanced receiver 9.
- MZ Mach-Zehnder
- the analog input signal Ain which is an optical signal
- the analog input signal Ain is input from the input port 1, and is divided into four equivalent analog signals A3, A2, A1, and A0 by the optical demultiplexer 2. This number of divisions corresponds to the number of bits of the optical A / D converter.
- the lights demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 2 are respectively input to the MZ type optical interferometer 4 through the optical waveguide 3.
- the MZ type optical interferometer 4 includes four paths, and includes one optical demultiplexer 10 and one optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 for each path.
- optical modulation regions 5, 6, 7, and 8 are provided between the optical demultiplexer 10 and the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11.
- Four pairs of analog signals A3, A2, A1, and A0 demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 10 into the two arms are input to the optical modulation regions 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.
- each of the light modulation regions 5, 6, 7, and 8 has two upper and lower inputs and two upper and lower outputs, and the upper input port is connected to the upper output port and the lower input port is connected to the lower output port. .
- the phase of the light passing through the lower input / output port changes according to the intensity of the optical signal input from the input port 1 as compared with the light passing through the upper input / output port.
- Each of the light modulation regions 5, 6, 7, and 8 is designed to have a phase shift (phase rotation) amount necessary for outputting a signal corresponding to each bit of the digital signal. Details will be described later.
- a pair of lights that have passed through the light modulation region 5 and output from the upper and lower output ports interfere with each other in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11. Then, the output light is distributed to the pair of output ports 13 and 14. Similarly, a pair of lights that have passed through the light modulation region 6 and are output from the upper and lower output ports interfere with each other in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 and are then distributed to the pair of output ports 15 and 16. A pair of lights that have passed through the light modulation region 7 and output from the upper and lower output ports interfere with each other in the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11, and are then distributed to the pair of output ports 17 and 18.
- the optical demultiplexer 10 is illustrated as one input and two outputs, and the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 is illustrated as two inputs and two outputs.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a pair of lights output from each path of the MZ type optical interferometer is O / E (optical / electrical) converted by the balanced receiver 9.
- the balanced receiver 9 is composed of a pair of PDs connected in series.
- a digital output signal Dout is generated by assigning 0 and 1 of the digital signal according to the output of each balanced receiver 9.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams showing details of the light modulation regions 5 to 8 in FIG. 1, respectively.
- One arm (the upper arm in FIGS. 2A to 2D) in the light modulation regions 5 to 8 is a normal optical waveguide.
- the other arm (the lower arm in FIGS. 2A to 2D) is provided with light intensity phase converters 25, 26, 27, and 28, respectively.
- each of the light intensity phase converters 25, 26, 27, and 28 has a linear characteristic in which the input light intensity and the phase shift amount are in a proportional relationship as shown in FIG.
- the “Kerr effect” or “Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) self-phase modulation effect” can also be used. Even when the nonlinear effect is used, adjustment of the current value of the SOA and further adjustment of the intensity of the signal light itself may be made in advance so that a linear region can be used as much as possible.
- SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
- the length of the light intensity phase conversion unit 25 is determined so that the phase rotation of the light intensity phase conversion unit 25 becomes 2 ⁇ at a certain maximum light intensity and minimum light intensity. Let that length be L.
- the light transmitted through the MZ type optical interferometer 4 changes the phase difference between the arms of the light modulation region 5 from 0 to 2 ⁇ according to the light intensity from the minimum light intensity to the maximum light intensity. Therefore, the ratio of the output light intensity B1 from the output port 13 to the sum (B1 + B2) of the output light intensity B1 from the output port 13 that has passed through the MZ type optical interferometer 4 and the output light intensity B2 from the output port 14, that is,
- the relative light intensity B1 / (B1 + B2) changes as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the input light intensity
- the vertical axis represents the relative light intensity.
- FIG. 4 shows the relative light intensity in the cross section 21 of FIG.
- the balanced receiver 9 can detect a difference in output by combining two PDs, and thus can obtain a digital value by using a comparator. In this way, a digital value such as the digital signal D3 in FIG. 5 is taken according to the input light intensity.
- the repetition period P period 1 / f (f is the repetition frequency) is one period according to the light intensity from the minimum light intensity to the maximum light intensity.
- the light intensity phase conversion units 26, 27, and 28 are set to be 2L, 4L, and 8L on the basis of the length L of 25, the light modulation regions 6, 7, and 8 are maximum.
- the phase rotation is 4 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , or 16 ⁇ depending on the light intensity up to the light intensity. Therefore, if the repetition frequency in the light modulation region 5 is f, the repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 15 to the total output light intensity from the output port 15 and the output port 16 is 2 ⁇ f. . Similarly, the repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 17 to the total output light intensity from the output port 17 and the output port 18 is 4 ⁇ f. The repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 19 to the total output light intensity from the output port 19 and the output port 20 is 8 ⁇ f.
- the outputs of the light modulation areas 5 to 8 are respectively input to the balanced receiver 9, and digital signals D3, D2, D1, and D0 corresponding to the analog signals A3, A2, A1, and A0 are output.
- digital signals D3, D2, D1, and D0 as shown in FIG. 5 are obtained according to the input light intensity. That is, the light intensity of the analog input signal is converted into a digital signal.
- the light may be amplified in advance so that the average light intensity is close to the center value when it is converted into a digital signal. Good.
- the operation states of the light intensity phase conversion units 25, 26, 27, and 28 are adjusted in advance so that the maximum light intensity is close to the maximum value of the digital signal and the longest light intensity is the minimum value of the digital signal. It is desirable.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration example of a 4-bit optical A / D converter.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- the present embodiment is different in that local lights LL3, LL2, LL1, and LL0 are introduced into the light modulation regions 35, 36, 37, and 38.
- the analog input signal Ain is input from the input port 1 and is divided into four equivalent analog signals A3, A2, A1, and A0 by the optical demultiplexer 2. This number of divisions corresponds to the number of bits of the optical A / D converter.
- the light demultiplexed by the optical demultiplexer 2 is input to the light modulation regions 35, 36, 37, and 38 in the MZ type optical interferometer 4, respectively. Further, the local light beams LL3, LL2, LL1, and LL0 demultiplexed into two arms by the optical demultiplexer 10 are input to the light modulation regions 35, 36, 37, and 38, respectively.
- each of the light modulation regions 35, 36, 37, and 38 has upper and lower two inputs and upper and lower two outputs, the upper input port is connected to the upper output port, and the lower input port is connected to the lower output port. .
- the phase of the light passing through the lower input / output port changes according to the intensity of the optical signal input from the input port 1 as compared with the light passing through the upper input / output port.
- Each of the light modulation regions 35, 36, 37, and 38 is designed to have a phase shift amount necessary for outputting a signal corresponding to each bit of the digital signal. Details will be described later.
- the optical demultiplexer 10 is illustrated as one input and two outputs, and the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer 11 is illustrated as two inputs and two outputs.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a pair of lights output from each path of the MZ type optical interferometer 4 is O / E converted by the balanced receiver 9.
- the balanced receiver 9 is composed of a pair of PDs connected in series.
- a digital output signal Dout is generated by assigning 0 and 1 of the digital signal according to the output of each balanced receiver 9.
- FIGS. 7A to 7D are diagrams showing details of the light modulation regions 35 to 38 in FIG. 6, respectively.
- a light intensity phase converter 39 is provided in the light modulation regions 35 to 38. This region has a function of converting a light intensity change into a phase difference.
- analog signals A3 to A0 that are signal lights are input to the light intensity phase converters 39 in the light modulation regions 35 to 38.
- the phase of the local light is modulated and output according to the intensity of the signal light.
- FIG. 7E is an example of a specific configuration of the light intensity phase converter 39.
- the local light LLb (wavelength ⁇ 2) input from the input waveguide 44a of the light intensity phase converter 39 has a phase corresponding to the intensity of the signal light A (wavelength ⁇ 1) input from the input waveguide 44b in the region 40. Undergo change.
- the local light LLb and the signal light A are designed to exit separately at the exit of the region 40.
- the local light LLb is output from the output waveguide 48 via the light intensity adjuster 42b.
- the signal light A is output from the output waveguide 47 via the light intensity adjuster 41.
- the region 40 is set so that the phase rotation is 2 ⁇ according to the light intensity from the minimum light intensity to the maximum light intensity.
- the region 40 has a 2 ⁇ 2 MMI (Multi Mode Interference) waveguide formed of a semiconductor optical waveguide.
- the width and length are such that light input to the input waveguide 44a, which is the upper port of the MMI waveguide, is input to the lower output waveguide 48, and light input to the input waveguide 44b, which is the lower port, is the upper output waveguide. It is designed to output to 47.
- the semiconductor optical waveguide in this region 40 has a pin structure, and electrodes are arranged above and below so that a current or voltage can be applied. Depending on the current value or the like, the phase rotation amount is set to a desired value in accordance with the intensity change of the signal light.
- the local light LLa (wavelength ⁇ 2) input to the input waveguide 45 is output from the output waveguide 46 via the light intensity adjuster 42a and the optical phase adjuster 43.
- the light intensity adjusters 42a and 42b and the optical phase adjuster 43 are adjusted so that the relative relationship between the intensity and phase of the local light input to the input waveguide 45 and the input waveguide 44a is aligned.
- the light intensity adjusters 42a and 42b are adjusted in advance so that the output waveguide 46 and the output waveguide 48 have the same intensity when the signal light intensity is the minimum light intensity.
- the optical phase adjuster 43 adjusts in advance so that the phases of the output waveguide 46 and the output waveguide 48 are aligned when the signal light intensity is the minimum light intensity.
- the light intensity adjuster 41 is previously set so that the relationship between the signal light and the local light is aligned when the light intensity phase converters 39 are connected in cascade as in the light modulation regions 36, 37, and 38. It has been adjusted. That is, in the light modulation region 35 shown in FIG. 7A, the light intensity adjuster 41 in the light intensity phase converter 39 is not essential. Note that it is preferable that the wavelength ⁇ 2 of the local lights LLa and LLb and the wavelength ⁇ 1 of the signal light A are different.
- the light intensity adjusters 41, 42a, and 42b are set so that the current value can be adjusted as desired using the SOA.
- the optical phase adjuster 43 is adjusted so that desired phase rotation occurs by applying an electric field to a semiconductor optical waveguide having a pin structure.
- light intensity adjustment using SOA involves phase rotation, and therefore a separate phase rotation adjuster is required.
- the phase is 2 ⁇ in the light modulation region 35, 4 ⁇ in the light modulation region 36, 8 ⁇ in the light modulation region 37, and 16 ⁇ in the light modulation region 38. Rotation will occur.
- the light intensity phase converter 39 shown in FIG. 7E the output positions of the local light and the signal light are reversed at the output section of the region 40.
- the length of the region 40 can be changed according to the degree of cross-phase modulation between the signal light and the local light, and the output positions of the local light and the signal light can not be reversed.
- FIG. 7F Such a configuration is shown in FIG. 7F.
- the light transmitted through the MZ type optical interferometer 4 has a phase difference between the arms of the light modulation region 35 varying from 0 to 2 ⁇ according to the light intensity from the minimum light intensity to the maximum light intensity. Therefore, the ratio of the output light intensity B1 from the output port 13 to the sum (B1 + B2) of the output light intensity B1 from the output port 13 that has passed through the MZ type optical interferometer 4 and the output light intensity B2 from the output port 14, that is, , B1 / (B1 + B2) change as shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 4 shows the ratio calculated based on the light intensity of the portion 21 shown in FIG.
- the balanced receiver 9 can detect a difference in output due to the combination of two PDs, so that a digital value can be obtained by using a comparator.
- the repetition period P Period 1 / f (f is the repetition frequency) is one period according to the light intensity from the minimum light intensity to the maximum light intensity.
- the phase rotation is set to 4 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , and 16 ⁇ according to the light intensity up to the maximum light intensity. Therefore, if the repetition frequency in the light modulation region 5 is f, the repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 15 to the total output light intensity from the output port 15 and the output port 16 is 2 ⁇ f. . Similarly, the repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 17 to the total output light intensity from the output port 17 and the output port 18 is 4 ⁇ f. The repetition frequency of the ratio of the output light intensity from the output port 19 to the total output light intensity from the output port 19 and the output port 20 is 8 ⁇ f.
- the outputs of the light modulation areas 35 to 38 are respectively input to the balanced receiver 9, and digital signals D3, D2, D1, and D0 corresponding to the analog signals A3, A2, A1, and A0 are output.
- digital signals D3, D2, D1, and D0 as shown in FIG. 5 are obtained according to the input light intensity. That is, the light intensity of the analog input signal is converted into a digital signal.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration example of a 4-bit optical A / D converter.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- the present embodiment is different in that local light LL3, LL2, LL1, and LL0 are introduced into the light modulation regions 55, 56, 57, and 58. Thereby, the efficiency of changing the phase according to the optical signal intensity can be increased.
- the functions of the light modulation areas 55, 56, 57, and 58 are the same as those of the light modulation areas 5, 6, 7, and 8 in FIG. 1 and the light modulation areas 35, 36, 37, and 38 in FIG.
- a configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the method for determining the number of built-in components is also the same.
- FIG. 9E is an example of a specific configuration of the light intensity phase converter 59.
- the regions 60a and 60b include, for example, 2 ⁇ 2 MMI waveguides configured from semiconductor optical waveguides. The width and length are designed so that the light input to the upper port of the MMI waveguide is output to the lower part and the light input to the lower port is output to the upper part.
- the same MMI waveguide regions 60a and 60b are provided in both the lower input waveguide 64a and the upper input waveguide 65 of the light intensity phase converter 59, respectively.
- the local light LL (wavelength ⁇ 2) is introduced only into the region 60b of the lower input waveguide 64a.
- the signal light Aa input to the input waveguide 65 of the light intensity phase converter 59 is output from the output waveguide 66 via the region 60a, the light intensity adjuster 62, and the optical phase adjuster 63.
- the signal light Ab input from the input waveguide 64a undergoes a phase change according to the intensity of the local light LL input from the input waveguide 64b in the region 60b.
- the local light LL and the signal light Ab are designed to be emitted separately at the exit of the region 60b.
- the signal light Ab is output from the output waveguide 68.
- the local light LL is output from the output waveguide 67 via the light intensity adjuster 61.
- the semiconductor optical waveguides in the regions 60a and 60b have a pin structure and electrodes are arranged above and below so that a current or voltage can be applied.
- the light intensity phase converter 59 as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9D, a digital signal as shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained.
- the length of the light intensity phase converters 25 to 28 and the number of the light intensity phase converters 39 and 59 are set based on the binary code. Actually, different values are appropriately set according to the format of the digital signal code.
- the light modulation regions 5 to 8 in the first embodiment may be configured as shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D.
- the optical phase modulator 50 rotates the phase by ⁇ / 2 without changing the light intensity.
- the length of the light intensity phase conversion unit is set to L as the length of the most significant bit from the upper bit to the lower bit.
- the length of the light intensity phase conversion unit can be made shorter than that of the binary code.
- the optical phase modulator 50 may be configured to cause a desired phase rotation by applying an electric field to a semiconductor optical waveguide having a pin structure. It can also be realized by changing the waveguide length so that the optical path length is shifted by ⁇ / 2. With such a configuration, a digital output as shown in FIG. 12 is obtained according to the input light intensity.
- the Gray code shown in FIG. 12 can be output.
- the optical phase modulator 50 rotates the phase by ⁇ / 2 without changing the light intensity.
- the number of light intensity phase converters 39 can be reduced as compared with the binary code.
- output is possible if the light modulation regions 55 to 58 are configured as shown in FIGS. 11A to 11D. It is.
- This optical phase modulator 50 can also be realized by the same method as the optical phase modulator 50 in FIGS. 10A to 10D described above.
- the above-described embodiments can be combined within a range in which the contents do not conflict with each other. Further, in the above-described embodiments and modifications, the structure of each part has been specifically described, but the structure and the like can be variously changed within a range that satisfies the present invention. According to the present invention, since a high-speed and low-power optical A / D converter can be realized, the optical demodulation circuit using this optical A / D converter can be used in a form that takes advantage of high-speed and low power. can do. Specifically, the optical A / D converter of the present invention can be incorporated in a coherent detection circuit or an optical direct detection circuit.
- the technology according to the present invention can be used for an optical analog / digital converter, an optical signal demodulator, an optical modulator / demodulator, an optical analog / digital converter, and the like used in an optical communication system and an optical interconnection.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献6には、光減算により逐次A/D変換を行なう技術が開示されている。
これに対し、光のA/D変換器を用いる方法は、光のままではある強度を有する光から一定の強度の光を減算することは困難であることから、構成が複雑になると考えられる。
アナログ入力信号光を複数に分割する光分波器と、
前記光分波器により分割された各信号光が入力される複数のマッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計と、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計から出力された各信号光をデジタル電気信号に変換する複数の光/電気変換手段と、を備え、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計は、
入力信号光の強度を位相シフト量に光学的に変換する光強度位相変換手段を備え、
前記位相シフト量が、前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なるものである。
アナログ入力信号光を複数に分割する光分波器を設け、
前記光分波器により分割された各信号光が入力される複数のマッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計を設け、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計から出力された各信号光をデジタル電気信号に変換する複数の光/電気変換手段を設け、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計に、入力信号光の強度を位相シフト量に光学的に変換する光強度位相変換手段を設け、
前記位相シフト量を前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なるように構成するものである。
図1は、第1の実施の形態に係る光A/D変換器の構成図である。図1は、4ビットの光A/D変換器の構成例を示す。この光A/D変換器は、入力ポート1、光分波器2、光導波路3、マッハ・ツェンダー(MZ)型光干渉計4、出力ポート13~20、バランスドレシーバ9を備えている。
なお、入力ポート1から入力される平均的な光の強度が小さい場合には、平均光強度がちょうどデジタル信号にした際の中央の値近くになるように、あらかじめ光を増幅しておくことがよい。また、最大光強度でデジタル信号の最大値に近くなり、最長光強度でデジタル信号の最小値になるように、あらかじめ光強度位相変換部25、26、27、28の動作状態を調整しておくことが望ましい。
次に、第2の実施の形態について、図6を参照して説明する。図6は、4ビットの光A/D変換器の構成例である。図1と同一の構成要素については同一符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。第1の実施の形態では、図1における光変調領域5、6、7、8に局所光が導入されていない。これに対し、本実施の形態では、光変調領域35、36、37、38に局所光LL3、LL2、LL1、LL0が導入されている点が異なる。
なお、図7Eに示した光強度位相変換器39では、領域40の出力部で、局所光と信号光の出力位置が反転している。しかしながら、信号光と局所光の相互位相変調の程度に応じて、領域40の長さを変更し、局所光と信号光の出力位置を反転させないこともできる。そのような構成を図7Fに示す。
次に、第3の実施の形態について、図8を参照して説明する。図8は、4ビットの光A/D変換器の構成例である。図1と同一の構成要素については同一符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。第1の実施の形態では、図1における光変調領域5、6、7、8に局所光が導入されていない。これに対し、本実施の形態では、光変調領域55、56、57、58に局所光LL3、LL2、LL1、LL0が導入されている点が異なる。これにより光信号強度に応じて位相を変化させる効率を上げることができる。
なお、図9Eに示す光強度位相変換器59においても、図7Fと同様に、信号光と局所光の出力位置を反転させないこともできる。
2、10 光分波器
3 光導波路
4 MZ型光干渉計
5~8、35~38、55~58 光変調領域
9 バランスドレシーバ
11 光合分波器
13~20 出力ポート
21 断面
25~28 光強度位相変換部
39、59 光強度位相変換器
40、60a、60b 領域
41、42a、42b、61、62 光強度調整器
43、63 光位相調整器
44a、44b、45、64a、64b、65 入力導波路
46~48、66~68 出力導波路
50 光位相変調器
Claims (10)
- 入力されたアナログ光信号を複数に分割する光分波器と、
前記光分波器により分割された各光信号が入力される複数のマッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計と、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計から出力された各光信号をデジタル電気信号に変換する複数の光/電気変換手段と、を備え、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計は、
入力された光信号の強度を位相シフト量に光学的に変換する光強度位相変換手段を備え、
前記位相シフト量が、前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なる光A/D変換器。 - 前記光強度位相変換手段が、半導体光増幅器であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光A/D変換器。
- 各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計は、
入力された光を2つに分割する内部光分波器と、
前記内部光分波器に接続された第1及び第2の導波路と、
前記第1及び第2の導波路に接続された合分波器と、を備え、
少なくとも前記第2の導波路に前記光強度位相変換手段が設けられ、前記第1の導波路との間に位相差をつけることができることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光A/D変換器。 - 各光強度位相変換手段の長さが、前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なることにより、前記位相シフト量が異なることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の光A/D変換器。
- 各光強度位相変換手段の個数が、前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なることにより、前記位相シフト量が異なることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の光A/D変換器。
- 前記光強度位相変換手段が、直列接続された2つの受光素子を含むバランスドレシーバからなることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の光A/D変換器。
- 各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計は、
信号光と異なる波長の局所光が入力される局所光導入導波路を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の光A/D変換器。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の光A/D変換器を含むことを特徴とする光信号復調器。
- 請求項8に記載の光信号復調器を含むことを特徴とする光変復調装置。
- 入力されたアナログ光信号を複数に分割する光分波器を設け、
前記光分波器により分割された各光信号が入力される複数のマッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計を設け、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計から出力された各光信号をデジタル電気信号に変換する複数の光/電気変換手段を設け、
各前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計に、入力された光信号の強度を位相シフト量に光学的に変換する光強度位相変換手段を設け、
前記位相シフト量を前記マッハ・ツェンダー型光干渉計毎に異なるように構成する光A/D変換器の構成方法。
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