WO2011125750A1 - バイオセンサ - Google Patents
バイオセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011125750A1 WO2011125750A1 PCT/JP2011/058030 JP2011058030W WO2011125750A1 WO 2011125750 A1 WO2011125750 A1 WO 2011125750A1 JP 2011058030 W JP2011058030 W JP 2011058030W WO 2011125750 A1 WO2011125750 A1 WO 2011125750A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reaction layer
- layer
- biosensor
- reaction
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biosensor, particularly a biosensor for measuring neutral fat concentration.
- the present invention relates to a biosensor capable of quickly quantifying the concentration of a specific component in a specific sample such as a biological sample using an enzyme reaction, and more particularly to a biosensor for measuring neutral fat concentration.
- Biosensors have been applied in fields such as medicine.
- Biosensors are various chemical substances ranging from low molecules to macromolecules, and biosensors having various functions are being developed according to the measurement objects.
- biosensors that can easily quantify specific components (substrates) contained in biological samples and foods without dilution or stirring are known.
- an enzyme reaction layer in which an electrode system having at least a working electrode and a counter electrode is formed on an insulating substrate, and an oxidoreductase and an electron acceptor are immobilized on the electrode system with a fixing agent such as a hydrophilic polymer.
- a biosensor has been proposed in which a filtration layer (blood cell removal layer) is provided on the enzyme reaction layer, and a cover is covered from the filtration layer.
- This biosensor quantifies the substrate concentration in the sample by the following method.
- a sample solution such as blood is dropped onto the filtration layer, and the filtrate penetrates into the enzyme reaction layer.
- the oxidoreductase and the electron acceptor are dissolved in the sample solution, and the enzyme reaction proceeds between the substrate and the enzyme.
- This enzymatic reaction oxidizes the substrate and simultaneously reduces the electron acceptor.
- the reduced electron acceptor is electrochemically oxidized, and the substrate concentration in the sample solution is obtained from the oxidation current value obtained at this time.
- a method for quantifying neutral fat in a sample as described below is known.
- the neutral fat contained in the sample solution is decomposed into free fatty acid and glycerol by, for example, lipoprotein lipase (LPL).
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- Glycerol produced here is glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) or glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) as shown in the following formulas (1) and (2).
- GK glycerol kinase
- GPO glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- GPDH glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol can be quantified by measuring the decrease of the oxidized electron acceptor, the increase of the reduced electron acceptor or the amount of dihydroxyacetone phosphate represented by the following formula.
- glycerol can be quantified by electrochemically measuring the increased amount of reduced electron acceptor.
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- GK glycerol kinase
- GPO glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- Patent Document 1 a biosensor that reduces the cost of an enzyme by using two types of enzymes, ie, a neutral lipolytic enzyme and glycerol dehydrogenase (GLDH), as an enzyme used for a neutral lipolytic reaction.
- a neutral lipolytic enzyme ie, a neutral lipolytic enzyme and glycerol dehydrogenase (GLDH)
- GLDH glycerol dehydrogenase
- NAD + -dependent glycerol dehydrogenase NAD + -dependent glycerol dehydrogenase as shown in the following formula (3) is known as a method using one type of enzyme without being affected by dissolved oxygen.
- the biosensor of Patent Document 2 has a structure in which two reaction layers of a polymer layer containing GLDH and a hydrophilic polymer and a filter paper layer carrying neutral lipolytic enzyme on the filter paper are sequentially laminated on the electrode. .
- the biosensor of Patent Document 3 has a structure in which two reaction layers of a polymer layer containing GLDH and a hydrophilic polymer and a nonwoven fabric layer carrying a neutral lipolytic enzyme are sequentially laminated on the electrode. It is characterized by.
- the measurement time is 2 minutes in the example (paragraph “0100” in Patent Document 2 and paragraph “0100” in Patent Document 3), and the measurement time is still sufficient.
- a biosensor that can be measured in a shorter time is not desired.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a biosensor capable of measuring the concentration of a specific component such as neutral fat in a sample in a short period of time.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems.
- the reaction layer is formed by applying a solution containing lipolytic enzyme directly on the layer containing oxidoreductase to form a layer containing lipolytic enzyme It was found that the reaction rate by the two enzymes can be improved by adopting the structure. Based on the above findings, the present invention has been completed.
- the above-described object is to provide a bio, which has an insulating substrate, an electrode system including at least a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and a sample supply unit formed on the electrode system.
- the sensor wherein the sample supply unit is formed on the electrode system and includes pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- a second reaction layer formed by applying a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme on the first reaction layer.
- the target component concentration can be measured in a short time.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the biosensor of FIG. 3.
- 3 is a graph showing measurement results of neutral fat concentration in whole blood of Examples 1 and 2 and a comparative example. It is a graph showing the measurement result of the neutral fat density
- the present invention is a biosensor having an insulating substrate, an electrode system including at least a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and a sample supply unit formed on the electrode system.
- the sample supply unit includes an oxidoreductase formed on the electrode system and including pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group.
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- a first reaction layer also referred to herein simply as “first reaction layer”
- second reaction layer formed by applying a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme on the first reaction layer.
- a biosensor having a reaction layer including a reaction layer (also simply referred to herein as a “second reaction layer”).
- the reaction layer has a two-layer structure including a first reaction layer containing an oxidoreductase and a second reaction layer containing a lipolytic enzyme.
- the second reaction layer is composed of a lipolytic enzyme. It is characterized by forming by directly apply
- a biosensor in which the above two enzymes are mixed to form a single layer as described in Patent Document 1, and an oxidoreductase and a hydrophilic polymer as described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 A biosensor having a two-layer structure in which a neutral lipolytic enzyme is separately supported on a carrier layer such as a filter paper or a nonwoven fabric and the filter paper layer or the nonwoven fabric layer is provided on the polymer layer has been reported. .
- an oxidoreductase such as glycerol dehydrogenase (GLDH) is generally less soluble than a lipolytic enzyme, which affects the lipolytic enzyme.
- GLDH glycerol dehydrogenase
- a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme is applied on the first reaction layer containing the oxidoreductase to directly form the second reaction layer. Therefore, when a sample containing fat such as neutral fat passes through the sample supply section, the lipolytic enzyme in the second reaction layer is highly soluble, so when it comes into contact with the sample, it quickly dissolves and the fat in the sample is removed. Decomposes to produce free fatty acids and glycerol. This reaction is completed in about the same time as the dissolution of the lipolytic enzyme is completed. Next, since the oxidoreductase exists as the first reaction layer between the second reaction layer and the electrode, the lipolytic enzyme in the second reaction layer starts to dissolve after the dissolution is completed.
- the lipid-degraded sample quickly penetrates into the first reaction layer, dissolves the oxidoreductase, generates a reduced electron carrier from the produced glycerol, and uses the increased amount of the reduced electron carrier as an electric charge. Measure chemically. For this reason, according to the biosensor of the present invention, fat in a sample can be quantified in a short time.
- the mechanisms of Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the mechanism of the present invention are inferences, and the present invention is not limited by the mechanism.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the biosensor of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the biosensor of FIG.
- the biosensor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is also referred to as a “first biosensor”.
- an electrode system including a working electrode 2, a reference electrode 3, and a counter electrode 4 is formed on an insulating substrate 1 (also simply referred to as “substrate” in the present specification).
- the said electrode system should just contain a working electrode and a counter electrode at least. For this reason, the reference electrode 3 can be omitted.
- the adhesive 6 is installed at the end on the insulating substrate 1.
- the working electrode 2, the reference electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 function as means for electrically connecting the biosensor.
- the working electrode 2, the reference electrode 3, and the counter electrode 4 can form electrodes having a desired pattern by appropriately referring to or combining conventionally known knowledge such as screen printing / sputtering method.
- An insulating layer 5 is formed on the working electrode 2, the reference electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 formed on the insulating substrate 1 so as to expose the electrode system.
- the insulating layer 5 functions as an insulating means for preventing a short circuit between the electrodes.
- a working electrode working part 2-1, a reference electrode working part 3-1, and a counter electrode working part 4-1 are formed so as to sandwich the insulating layer 5. Then, the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 are sequentially formed on the working electrode working part 2-1, the reference electrode working part 3-1, and the counter electrode working part 4-1. Has been. In FIG. 1, the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the space S positioned between the second reaction layer 9 and the cover 7 form a sample supply unit. .
- the first reaction layer 8 includes an oxidoreductase (hereinafter referred to as “the present invention”) containing at least pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group. Also referred to as “oxidoreductase”).
- the present invention containing at least pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group.
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- the second reaction layer 9 is formed on the first reaction layer 8 and is formed by applying a solution containing at least a lipolytic enzyme.
- the second reaction layer is formed by applying a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme” means that the lipid-decomposing enzyme is not supported on a carrier such as a filter paper or a non-woven fabric. It means that a coating film is formed by applying a solution containing a degrading enzyme directly to the first reaction layer and drying.
- the action part (2-1, 3-1, 4-1) includes a potential applying means for applying a potential to the sample in the first reaction layer 8 and a sample when the biosensor is used. It functions as a current detection means for detecting the flowing current.
- the working part (2-1, 3-1, 4-1) may be referred to as working electrode 2, reference electrode 3 and counter electrode 4.
- the working electrode 2 and the counter electrode 4 are paired when the biosensor is used, and serve as current measuring means for measuring an oxidation current (response current) that flows when a potential is applied to the sample in the first reaction layer 8. Function.
- a predetermined potential is applied between the counter electrode 4 and the working electrode 2 with the reference electrode 3 as a reference.
- the biosensor of this embodiment is configured by bonding a cover 7 so as to cover the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 via an adhesive (double-sided tape) 6 installed on the substrate 1. Is done.
- the adhesive (double-sided tape) 6 may be installed on the electrode side, may be installed only on the cover 7 side, or may be installed on both.
- the sample supply unit further includes an electron carrier.
- the electron carrier in such a form may be present in the sample supply unit in any form.
- the first reaction layer 8 includes an electron carrier (an electron carrier is disposed in the first reaction layer 8)
- the second reaction layer 9 is an electron carrier.
- the electron carrier is arranged in the second reaction layer 9
- a third reaction layer containing the electron carrier is further arranged, and the like. Any of these forms (a) to (c) may be applied, or two or more of the above forms (a) to (c) may be applied in combination. Of the above forms, (i) or (c) is more preferred. That is, in the biosensor of the present invention, the second reaction layer has an electron carrier (the electron carrier is disposed in the second reaction layer), or a third reaction layer including the electron carrier is further provided. More preferably.
- a layer containing a surfactant (hereinafter also referred to as a surfactant layer) is further divided into the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9. It is preferable to provide the sample supply unit so as to separate them.
- the arrangement of the surfactant layer is not particularly limited, but for example, the surfactant layer is preferably separated from the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 and formed on the cover side.
- the surfactant layer is formed on the cover side, the spread and wettability of the sample such as whole blood to the cover side is improved and the sample is supplied to the sample as compared with the case where the cover 7 directly touches the sample.
- the cover 7 directly touches the sample.
- the third reaction layer having the electron carrier is further separated from the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9. Further, it is preferable to provide the sample supply unit.
- the arrangement of the third reaction layer is not particularly limited.
- the third reaction layer is separated from the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 and formed on the cover side. Is preferred.
- the biosensor of the present invention including the third reaction layer, an electrode including at least a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the insulating substrate and the insulating substrate.
- a sample supply unit formed on the electrode system, wherein the sample supply unit is formed on the electrode system, and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a prosthetic group, It is formed by applying a first reaction layer containing an oxidoreductase containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme on the first reaction layer.
- a second reaction layer, and a third reaction layer containing an electron carrier is disposed in a form separated from the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the biosensor of the present invention including the third reaction layer.
- 4 is a cross-sectional view of the biosensor of FIG.
- the biosensor shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is also referred to as a “second biosensor”.
- the basic structure further includes a third reaction layer 10 containing an electron carrier (ie, in addition to the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9,
- the biosensor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the same except that the three reaction layers 10 are disposed. That is, the side formed on the cover 7 side is referred to as the third reaction layer 10, and the side formed on the electrode side is sequentially referred to as the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 from the electrode side. At this time, the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, the third reaction layer 10, and the space portion disposed between the second reaction layer 9 and the third reaction layer 10. S forms a sample supply section.
- the first reaction layer 8 includes an oxidoreductase
- the second reaction layer 9 includes a lipolytic enzyme
- the third reaction layer 10 includes an electron carrier.
- the oxidoreductase, the lipolytic enzyme and the electron carrier are not simultaneously contained in the same reaction layer.
- the 3rd reaction layer 10 is formed in the clearance gap between the both ends on the cover 7 in which the adhesive agent (double-sided tape) 6a was installed in both ends.
- the adhesive (double-sided tape) 6a adhered to the cover 7 is bonded to each other to constitute a structure.
- the adhesive (double-sided tape) 6 may be installed only on the substrate 1 side, or may be installed only on the cover 7 side.
- the structure of the first biosensor and the structure of the second biosensor are the same except that the second biosensor further has the third reaction layer 10, and thus is clearly specified.
- the specific description of the constituent elements described below applies to the first biosensor and the second biosensor of the present invention.
- the term “1 sensor” may be used in describing the content of each constituent element.
- “1 sensor” refers to the size of a general biosensor, sample supply. It is assumed that the sample supplied to the section is “0.1 to 20 ⁇ l (preferably about 2 ⁇ l)”. Therefore, in a biosensor that is smaller or larger than that, the present invention can be applied by appropriately adjusting the content of each constituent element.
- the insulating substrate 1 used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known substrate can be used.
- An example is plastic, paper, glass, ceramics, and the like. Further, the shape and size of the insulating substrate 1 are not particularly limited.
- plastic there is no particular limitation on the plastic, and any conventionally known plastic can be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- polyester polystyrene
- polypropylene polypropylene
- polycarbonate polycarbonate
- polyimide acrylic resin
- acrylic resin etc.
- the electrode of the present invention includes at least a working electrode 2 and a counter electrode 4.
- the electrode of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can electrochemically detect the reaction between the sample (object to be measured) and the oxidoreductase of the present invention.
- a carbon electrode, a gold electrode, a silver electrode, A platinum electrode, a palladium electrode, etc. are mentioned. From the viewpoint of corrosion resistance and cost, a carbon electrode is preferred.
- a two-electrode system including only the working electrode 2 and the counter electrode 4 or a three-electrode system further including the reference electrode 3 may be used.
- the three-electrode method can be preferably used rather than the two-electrode method from the viewpoint that the potential is controlled with higher sensitivity.
- a sensing electrode for sensing the amount of liquid may be included.
- the portion (acting portion) in contact with the sample supply unit may be different in constituent material from the other electrode portions.
- the reference electrode action part 3-1 may be made of silver / silver chloride.
- a biosensor since a biosensor is generally disposable, it is good to use a disposable electrode as an electrode.
- the material which comprises the insulating layer 5 is not restrict
- resin such as PET and polyethylene, glass, ceramics, paper, etc.
- PET Preferably, it is PET.
- the sample supply unit includes the first reaction layer 8 including the oxidoreductase and the second reaction layer 9 including the lipolytic enzyme.
- the sample supply unit also has a surfactant layer.
- the sample supply unit includes the first reaction layer 8 containing an oxidoreductase and the second reaction layer 9 containing a lipolytic enzyme, It has the 3rd reaction layer 10 separated and formed from the 1 reaction layer 8 and the 2nd reaction layer 9, and the said 3rd reaction layer 9 contains an electron carrier.
- the oxidoreductase and the electron carrier can be contained in separate reaction layers. Deterioration during storage due to contact with the enzyme can be prevented.
- the thicknesses of the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected so as to be a normal reaction layer thickness.
- the first reaction layer 8 is preferably 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the second reaction layer 9 is preferably 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness of the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 is preferably 0.02 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 16 ⁇ m. .
- the thickness control method in this case, For example, it can control by adjusting suitably the application quantity (for example, dripping quantity) of the solution containing a predetermined component.
- the thickness is 0.
- the thickness is preferably 01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the separation distance between the second reaction layer 9 and the surfactant layer is preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.07 to 1.25 mm, and still more preferably 0.09 to 1 mm. If it is the said range, a capillary phenomenon will occur easily and a sample will be easy to be introduced into a sample supply part.
- the thickness of the 1st reaction layer 8, the 2nd reaction layer 9, and the surfactant layer formed as needed may be the same, or may differ.
- the thickness of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer in the case of the second biosensor of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a normal reaction layer thickness. Can be selected as appropriate.
- the first reaction layer 8 is preferably 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the second reaction layer 9 is preferably 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness of the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 is preferably 0.02 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 16 ⁇ m. .
- the thickness of the third reaction layer 10 is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.025 to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the thicknesses of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 may be the same or different.
- thickness control method for example, thickness can be controlled by adjusting the application quantity (for example, dripping quantity) of the solution containing a predetermined component suitably.
- the separation distance between the second reaction layer 9 and the third reaction layer 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.075 to 1.25 mm, Particularly preferred is 0.1 to 1 mm.
- the separation distance can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the adhesive. That is, the adhesive also serves as a spacer that separates the second reaction layer 9 and the third reaction layer 10.
- the first reaction layer 8 in the present invention comprises an oxidoreductase containing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group (also referred to as “coenzyme”).
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- a prosthetic group also referred to as “coenzyme”.
- a polyol dehydrogenase containing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a prosthetic group is preferable.
- the oxidoreductase of the present invention may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- the oxidoreductase containing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group is not particularly limited and depends on the type of sample.
- redox enzymes containing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a prosthetic group include glycerol dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, mannitol dehydrogenase, arabitol dehydrogenase, galactitol dehydrogenase, xylitol dehydrogenase, adonitol dehydrogenase, erythritol dehydrogenase, ribitol dehydrogenase , Propylene glycol dehydrogenase, fructose dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase, gluconic acid Hydrogenase, 2-ketogluconic acid dehydrogenase, 5 ketogluconic acid dehydrogenase, 2,5 Jiketogurukon dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogena
- oxidoreductases containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group include glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, D-amino acid oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, sarcosine dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, Examples include sorbitol dehydrogenase, D-lactate dehydrogenase, and cholesterol oxidase.
- glycerol dehydrogenase containing at least one of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is preferred as the prosthetic group
- PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase containing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as the prosthetic group
- the above-mentioned oxidoreductase of the present invention may be purchased from commercially available products or may be prepared by itself.
- a method for preparing the oxidoreductase itself for example, a known method of culturing bacteria producing the oxidoreductase in a nutrient medium and extracting the oxidoreductase from the culture (for example, JP, 2008-220367, A).
- examples of bacteria that produce the glycerol dehydrogenase include bacteria belonging to various genera such as Gluconobacter and Pseudomonas.
- PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase present in the membrane fraction of bacteria belonging to the genus Gluconobacter can be preferably used.
- Gluconobacter albidas (Gluconobacter albidus) NBRC 3250, 3273, 103509, 103510, 103516, 103520, 103521, 103524; Gluconobacter cerinus NBRC 3267, 3274, 3275, 3276; Gluconobacter frateurii NBRC 3171, 3251, 3253, 3262, 3264, 3265, 3268, 3270, 3285, 3286, 3290, 16669, 103413, 103421, 103427, 10428, 103429, 103437, 103438, 103439, 1034 0, 10441, 103446, 103453, 103454, 103456, 103457, 103458, 103659, 103461, 103462, 103465, 103466, 103467, 103468, 103469, 10347, 103471, 103472, 103473, 103474, 33475, 103476, 103477, 10
- the medium for cultivating the PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase is a natural medium, even if it is a synthetic medium, as long as it contains appropriate amounts of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic substances and other necessary nutrients that can be assimilated by the strain used.
- carbon sources for example, glucose, glycerol, sorbitol and the like are used.
- nitrogen source include nitrogen-containing natural products such as peptones, meat extracts and yeast extracts, and inorganic nitrogen-containing materials such as ammonium chloride and ammonium citrate.
- the inorganic substance potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, magnesium sulfate or the like is used.
- specific vitamins are used as needed.
- the above carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic substance, and other necessary nutrients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the culture is preferably performed by shaking culture or aeration and agitation culture.
- the culture temperature is preferably 20 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably 22 ° C. to 40 ° C., and most preferably 25 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the culture pH is preferably 4-9, more preferably 5-8. Even under conditions other than these, it is carried out if the strain to be used grows.
- the culture period is usually preferably 0.5 to 5 days.
- oxidoreductase is accumulated in the cells.
- These oxidoreductases may be enzymes obtained by the above culture or recombinant enzymes obtained by transducing oxidoreductase genes into E. coli and the like.
- the obtained PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase is extracted.
- a commonly used extraction method can be used.
- an ultrasonic crushing method, a French press method, an organic solvent method, a lysozyme method, or the like can be used.
- the method for purifying the extracted oxidoreductase is not particularly limited.
- salting-out method such as ammonium sulfate or sodium nitrate, metal aggregation method using magnesium chloride or calcium chloride, denucleic acid using streptomycin or polyethyleneimine, or DEAE (diethylamino)
- An ion exchange chromatography method such as ethyl) -sepharose or CM (carboxymethyl) -sepharose can be used.
- the partially purified enzyme or purified enzyme solution obtained by these methods may be used as it is or in a chemically modified form.
- the oxidoreductase derived from the culture obtained by the above-described method is described in, for example, JP-A-2006-271257. It can be used after being appropriately chemically modified using a method or the like.
- the chemical modification method is not limited to the method described in the above publication.
- the oxidoreductase of this invention can select suitably by the kind of sample to measure, the addition amount of a sample, the kind of electron carrier, the quantity of the hydrophilic polymer mentioned later, etc. .
- the amount of enzyme enzyme activity amount
- it is preferably 0.01 to 100 U, more preferably 0.05 to 50 U, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 U.
- the definition and measurement method of the activity unit (U) of the PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase is based on the method described in JP-A-2006-271257.
- an oxidoreductase containing a PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase will be described later, but it is also preferable to prepare it in a buffer solution such as glycylglycine.
- the 2nd reaction layer 9 in this invention contains the lipolytic enzyme which hydrolyzes the ester bond which comprises lipid. Therefore, the biosensor of the present invention can be used as a neutral fat sensor. Although it does not restrict
- the content of LPL is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type of sample to be measured, the amount of sample added, the amount of hydrophilic polymer used, the type of electron carrier, and the like.
- the amount of enzyme (enzyme activity) that rapidly decomposes neutral fat and does not reduce the solubility of the reaction layer preferably 0.1 to 1000 activity units (U ), More preferably 1 to 500 U, particularly preferably 10 to 100 U.
- the definition and measuring method of the activity unit (U) of LPL are based on the method as described in international publication 2006/104077 pamphlet.
- LPL is preferably prepared with a buffer solution such as glycylglycine.
- the oxidative degradation enzyme and the lipolytic enzyme are present in separate layers, a first reaction layer and a second reaction layer, respectively. If it is such a form, the hydrolysis reaction by a lipolytic enzyme will advance efficiently.
- the biosensor of the present invention preferably includes an electron carrier.
- the electron carrier may be included in the first reaction layer 8 or the second reaction layer 9, but is preferably included in the third reaction layer separately from these reaction layers.
- the reaction layer containing the electron carrier is more preferably separated from the electrode, and is separated from the first reaction layer 8 or the second reaction layer 9, particularly the second reaction layer 9. It is particularly preferable to make it exist. That is, the present invention is a biotechnology having an insulating substrate, an electrode system including at least a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and a sample supply unit formed on the electrode system.
- oxidoreductase wherein the sample supply unit is formed on the electrode system and contains pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FMN flavin mononucleotide
- a second reaction layer formed by applying a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme on the first reaction layer, and further, electron transfer
- a biosensor second biosensor formed by separating a third reaction layer containing a body from the first and second reaction layers.
- the third reaction layer 10 includes an electron carrier (sometimes referred to as “electron acceptor”).
- an electron carrier sometimes referred to as “electron acceptor”.
- the electron carrier receives electrons generated by the action of the oxidoreductase when the biosensor is used, that is, is reduced.
- the reduced electron carrier is electrochemically oxidized by applying a potential to the electrode after completion of the enzyme reaction.
- concentration of a desired component in the sample can be calculated from the magnitude of the current flowing at this time (hereinafter also referred to as “oxidation current”).
- an electron carrier used in the present invention a conventionally known electron carrier can be used, and can be appropriately determined according to the sample and the oxidoreductase used.
- an electron carrier may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- examples of the electron carrier include potassium ferricyanide, sodium ferricyanide, ferrocene and derivatives thereof, phenazine methosulfate and derivatives thereof, p-benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, methylene blue, Nitrotetrazolium blue, osmium complexes, ruthenium complexes such as hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride, and the like can be suitably used. Of these, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride and potassium ferricyanide are preferable, and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride is more preferably used.
- the content of the electron carrier is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of the sample added. As an example, from the viewpoint of containing a sufficient amount with respect to the base mass per sensor, preferably 1 to 2000 ⁇ g, more preferably 5 to 1000 ⁇ g, and particularly preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ g of an electron carrier is included. Good.
- the electron carrier is also preferably prepared in a buffer solution such as glycylglycine, as will be described later.
- the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9 or the third reaction layer 10 has a surfactant if necessary. Moreover, in the 1st biosensor of this invention, it isolate
- the oxidoreductase is composed of protein, if the electrode surface adheres to the electrode surface, the electrode surface may be passivated. Therefore, in conventional general biosensors, the enzyme is not in direct contact with the electrode. The structure was taken. However, inclusion of a surfactant in the first reaction layer 8 significantly suppresses and prevents the redox enzyme from adhering to the electrode, and as a result, oxidized electrons by the redox enzyme in the vicinity of the electrode. The conversion efficiency of the transmitter to the reduced electron carrier can be improved. In other words, the correlation with the substrate concentration in the sample solution can be further increased.
- the surfactant is formed on the cover 7 side
- the spread and wettability of the sample such as whole blood to the cover side is improved compared to the case where the cover 7 directly touches the sample, and the sample is supplied to the sample supply unit. It is preferable because it can be introduced quickly.
- the surfactant used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the enzyme activity of the oxidoreductase of the present invention to be used is not lowered.
- a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a positive surfactant is used.
- An ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a natural surfactant and the like can be appropriately selected and used. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- it is at least one of a nonionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant from the viewpoint of not affecting the enzyme activity of the oxidoreductase of the present invention.
- the nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polyoxyethylene or alkyl glycoside from the viewpoint of not affecting the enzyme activity of the oxidoreductase of the present invention.
- polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol (Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation)) is preferred.
- the alkylglycoside nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, but alkylglycoside and alkylthioglycoside having an alkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the carbon number is more preferably 7 to 10, particularly preferably 8 carbon atoms.
- the sugar moiety is preferably glucose or maltose, more preferably glucose. More specifically, n-octyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside and n-octyl- ⁇ -D-thioglucoside are preferable.
- Alkyl glycoside nonionic surfactants can be applied easily and uniformly during the manufacturing process when used in biosensors.
- alkylthioglycoside is very preferable to alkylglycoside from the viewpoint of spread and wettability.
- the amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited.
- CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonic acid
- CHAPSO 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammoni O) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid
- Zwittergent registered trademark
- CHAPS is particularly preferable. This is because CHAPS is a low hemolytic agent among the surfactants.
- the cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cetylpyridinium chloride and trimethylammonium bromide. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- the anionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- the natural surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include phospholipids, and preferred examples include lecithins such as egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, hydrogenated lecithin, and high-purity lecithin. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- a low hemolytic surfactant As specific examples, CHAPS, Tween, and Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) (polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol) are preferable.
- the surfactant may be contained in any reaction layer of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10.
- the first reaction layer 8 or the third reaction layer 10 more preferably the first reaction layer 8 and the third reaction layer 10 contain a surfactant.
- the types and blending amounts of the surfactants included in these reaction layers are the same or different. Also good. At this time, it is preferable to select in consideration of the interaction with each constituent element contained in the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10.
- the first reaction layer 8 contains an oxidoreductase.
- a PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase is contained as the oxidoreductase, they are hydrophobic. Therefore, it is preferable that at least the first reaction layer 8 contains a surfactant.
- a surfactant for example, CHAPS, Tween, Emulgen PP-290, etc.
- a low hemolytic surfactant for example, CHAPS, Tween, Emulgen PP-290, etc.
- the third reaction layer 10 contains an electron carrier (for example, hexaammon ruthenium (III) chloride). From the viewpoint of improving the accuracy of the biosensor by improving, it is more preferable that the third reaction layer 10 also contains a surfactant. Also in this case, it is preferable to use a low hemolytic surfactant (for example, CHAPS, Tween, Emulgen PP-290, etc.) from the viewpoint of spreading and wettability. By applying such a device, the accuracy as a biosensor is further improved.
- an electron carrier for example, hexaammon ruthenium (III) chloride.
- a surfactant for example, CHAPS, Tween, Emulgen PP-290, etc.
- the content of the surfactant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of the sample added.
- amphoteric surfactants it is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the solubility of the oxidoreductase of the present invention per sensor, not deactivating the enzyme activity, and being easy to apply in the production process. 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g, more preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ g, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g may be contained.
- such a surfactant is preferably prepared in a buffer solution such as glycylglycine.
- the content means the total amount.
- a nonionic surfactant is used as the surfactant, the solubility of the oxidoreductase of the present invention is increased per sensor, the enzyme activity is not deactivated, and it is easy to apply in the production process. From the viewpoint, 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g is preferable, 0.05 to 50 ⁇ g is more preferable, and 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g is particularly preferable.
- a surfactant is also preferably prepared in a buffer solution such as glycylglycine.
- the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, or the third reaction layer 10 in the present invention may further contain a hydrophilic polymer.
- the oxidoreductase is composed of a protein, if the oxidoreductase is attached to the electrode surface, there is a possibility that the electrode surface may be passivated. Had a configuration that would not be in direct contact.
- the inclusion of a hydrophilic polymer in the first reaction layer 8 significantly suppresses and prevents the redox enzyme from adhering to the electrode, and as a result, the oxidized form of the redox enzyme in the vicinity of the electrode.
- the conversion efficiency of the electron carrier to the reduced electron carrier can be improved, in other words, the correlation with the substrate concentration in the sample solution can be further increased.
- the hydrophilic polymer may be the first reaction layer 8 or the second reaction layer 9 in the case of the first biosensor, or the first reaction layer 8 in the case of the second biosensor. It may be contained in either the second reaction layer 9 or the third reaction layer 10.
- the hydrophilic polymer has a function of immobilizing the oxidoreductase or electron carrier of the present invention on the electrode. For this reason, when the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9 or the third reaction layer 10, particularly the first reaction layer 8 or the third reaction layer 10 contains a hydrophilic polymer, the substrate 1 and Peeling of these reaction layers from the electrode surface can be prevented.
- the hydrophilic polymer also has an effect of preventing cracks on the surfaces of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10, and increases the reliability of the biosensor. It is effective. Furthermore, adsorption of adsorptive components such as proteins to the electrode can also be suppressed.
- the 1st reaction layer 8, the 2nd reaction layer 9, or the 3rd reaction layer 10 contains a hydrophilic polymer, it may have a form in which a hydrophilic polymer is contained in the reaction layer.
- a hydrophilic polymer layer containing a hydrophilic polymer may be formed so as to cover the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, or the third reaction layer 10.
- hydrophilic polymer that can be used in the present invention
- conventionally known polymers can be used. More specifically, as the hydrophilic polymer, polyamino acids such as polyethylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polylysine, Examples thereof include polystyrenesulfonic acid, gelatin and derivatives thereof, acrylic acid polymer or derivatives thereof, maleic anhydride polymer or salts thereof, starch and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- carboxymethyl cellulose polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol are preferred from the viewpoint of not deactivating the enzyme activity of the oxidoreductase of the present invention and having high solubility. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture.
- the blending amount of such a hydrophilic polymer is preferably 0.01 to 100 ⁇ g from the viewpoint that an enzyme and an electron carrier can be immobilized per sensor and the solubility of the reaction layer is not lowered. More preferably, it is 0.05 to 50 ⁇ g, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g.
- the hydrophilic polymer is preferably prepared in a buffer solution such as glycylglycine. Further, when a hydrophilic polymer is present in two or more reaction layers of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, or the third reaction layer 10, each hydrophilic layer included in these reaction layers The type and blending amount of the polymer may be the same or different. At this time, it is preferable to select in consideration of the interaction with each constituent element contained in the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10.
- At least one of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 may further contain sugar.
- Sugars do not participate in enzyme reactions related to measurement, and can be appropriately selected and used without reacting themselves, and can contribute to immobilization and stabilization of each layer.
- Sugar may be contained in any of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10, but is preferably contained in at least the first reaction layer 8.
- the sugar that can be contained in at least one of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 does not have a free aldehyde group or a ketone group, and has no reducing property.
- Non-reducing sugars are preferred. Examples of such non-reducing sugars include trehalose-type microsaccharides in which reducing groups are bonded to each other, glycosides in which saccharide reducing groups and non-saccharides are bonded, sugar alcohols reduced by hydrogenation of saccharides and the like.
- examples include trehalose type small sugars such as sucrose, trehalose and raffinose; glycosides such as alkyl glycosides, phenol glycosides and mustard oil glycosides; and sugar alcohols such as arabitol and xylitol. It is done.
- These non-reducing sugars may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more.
- trehalose, raffinose, and sucrose are preferable, and trehalose is particularly preferable.
- the amount of sugar contained in at least one of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 is preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ g, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ g per sensor. ⁇ 400 ⁇ g, more preferably 1 to 300 ⁇ g. If the sugar is in the form of a mixture, the blending amount means the sum of all components. If it is said range, it can contribute to fixation and stabilization of each layer, without reducing the performance of a sensor.
- At least one of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 may further contain a protein. Proteins do not participate in enzyme reactions related to measurement, and can be used by appropriately selecting those that do not react themselves and do not exhibit physiological activity, and can contribute to immobilization and stabilization of each layer .
- the protein may be contained in any of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10, but is preferably contained in at least the first reaction layer 8.
- proteins that can be included in at least one of the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 include bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein, sericin, and hydrolysates thereof. It is done. These proteins may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more. Of these, BSA is preferred because it is readily available and inexpensive.
- the molecular weight of the protein is preferably 10 to 1000 kDa, more preferably 25 to 500 kDa, and still more preferably 50 to 100 kDa. At this time, the molecular weight employs a value measured using a gel filtration chromatography method.
- the amount of protein contained in the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 is preferably 0.1 to 200 ⁇ g, more preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ g, more preferably 1 sensor per sensor.
- the amount is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ g. If the protein is in the form of a mixture of two or more, the blending amount means the sum of all components. If it is said range, it can contribute to fixation and stabilization of each layer, without reducing the performance of a sensor.
- the method for forming the first reaction layer 8, the second reaction layer 9, and the third reaction layer 10 in the first and second biosensors of the present invention is not particularly limited. Below, preferable embodiment of the production method of the 2nd biosensor of this invention is described. The present invention is not limited to the following method.
- the production of the first biosensor of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be carried out in the same manner except that, for example, the third reaction layer is not formed below.
- the first reaction layer 8 and the third reaction layer 10 may be formed by any method, but the second reaction layer 9 can be formed by applying a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme. Formed on layer 8.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and a solution containing a lipolytic enzyme is dropped or applied to a spray device, a bar coater, a die coater, a reverse coater, a comma coater, a gravure coater, a spray coater, a doctor knife, or the like.
- a method of applying using an instrument can be used.
- the method for forming the first reaction layer 8 and the third reaction layer 10 is not particularly limited, and a method equivalent to the method for forming the second reaction layer can be used.
- the formation method of the second reaction layer 9 and the formation method of the first reaction layer 8 and the third reaction layer 10 may be the same or different.
- it is preferable to use the same method and a method of drying the coating film after applying a solution containing a predetermined component dropwise is particularly preferable.
- Such a method is preferable in that a biosensor can be easily produced and the manufacturing cost during mass production can be reduced.
- the first reaction layer is formed as follows. That is, an oxidoreductase solution (for example, PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase) and, if necessary, a surfactant (for example, emulgen) and a desired component such as a glycylglycine buffer are mixed to obtain an oxidoreductase solution To prepare. A predetermined amount of this oxidoreductase solution is dropped on the electrode (action part). After dropping the prepared oxidoreductase solution, the first reaction layer is formed on the electrode (action part) by drying it in a thermostat kept at a predetermined temperature or on a hot plate.
- an oxidoreductase solution for example, PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase
- a surfactant for example, emulgen
- a desired component such as a glycylglycine buffer
- the surfactant may be simply contained in the first reaction layer, or a layer containing a surfactant may be formed so as to cover the first reaction layer, or on the electrode.
- a surfactant layer may be formed, and the first reaction layer 8 may be formed thereon.
- an adhesive may be installed on the substrate 1 in advance.
- a surfactant for example, Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) is mixed with desired components such as a glycylglycine buffer solution and a volatile organic solvent to obtain a surfactant.
- a predetermined amount of this surfactant solution is dropped on the electrode, the first reaction layer, or on the second reaction layer, the third reaction layer or the cover 7 as described later.
- the surfactant layer is formed by drying in a constant temperature bath or a hot plate kept at a predetermined temperature.
- the second reaction layer is formed as follows. That is, a lipolytic enzyme solution (eg, lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) is mixed with a desired component such as a glycylglycine buffer to prepare a lipolytic enzyme solution. A predetermined amount of this lipolytic enzyme solution is dropped onto the oxidoreductase layer prepared above. After dropping the prepared lipolytic enzyme solution, the second reaction layer is formed on the first reaction layer by drying in a thermostat or a hot plate maintained at a predetermined temperature. A surfactant may be further added to the second reaction layer. The surfactant may be simply contained in the second reaction layer, or a layer containing the surfactant may be formed as described above so as to cover the second reaction layer.
- a lipolytic enzyme solution eg, lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- the third reaction layer is formed as follows. That is, an electron carrier (for example, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride) and, if necessary, a desired component such as a surfactant (for example, emulgen) and a glycylglycine buffer solution are mixed to form an electron carrier. Prepare the solution. A predetermined amount of this electron carrier solution is dropped on the cover 7. After the prepared electron carrier solution is dropped, the third reaction layer is formed on the cover by drying in a constant temperature bath maintained at a predetermined temperature or on a hot plate.
- an electron carrier for example, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride
- a surfactant for example, emulgen
- glycylglycine buffer solution glycylglycine buffer solution
- the surfactant may be simply contained in the reaction layer, or a layer containing the surfactant may be formed as described above so as to cover the reaction layer, or the surfactant may be formed on the cover.
- a layer may be formed, and the third reaction layer 10 may be formed thereon. Note that an adhesive may be installed on the cover 7 in advance.
- the substrate 1 on which the first reaction layer 8 and the second reaction layer 9 are formed and the cover 7 on which the third reaction layer 10 is formed are bonded together with adhesives 6a and 6b.
- the second biosensor can be manufactured.
- the sample used in the present invention is preferably in the form of a solution. It does not restrict
- the sample is not particularly limited, but for example, biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, bone marrow; drinking water such as juice, foods such as soy sauce, sauce; drainage, rain water, pool water, etc. Is mentioned.
- biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, bone marrow; drinking water such as juice, foods such as soy sauce, sauce; drainage, rain water, pool water, etc.
- whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, bone marrow and more preferred is whole blood.
- the sample solution may be used as it is, or a solution diluted with an appropriate solvent may be used for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity or the like.
- the substrate contained in the sample is a substance that can react with each enzyme contained in the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer of the present invention and generate a measurable current as described later. Good.
- the desired component (substrate) in the sample examples include sugars such as glucose, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, sorbitol, and arabitol, lipids such as neutral fat and cholesterol, organic acids such as glutamic acid and lactic acid, creatine, and creatinine Etc. For the same reason as above, it is preferable to select a lipid such as neutral fat or cholesterol as the substrate.
- the form in particular of supplying a sample to a sample supply part is not restrict
- the sample may be supplied from the horizontal direction.
- the desired component (substrate) in the sample is converted into the second reaction layer 9.
- oxidoreductase contained in the first reaction layer 8 are oxidized and release electrons simultaneously with their own oxidation.
- the electrons released from the substrate are captured by the electron carrier dissolved from the third reaction layer 10, and the electron carrier changes from the oxidized type to the reduced type.
- the biosensor is allowed to stand for a predetermined time, whereby the substrate is completely oxidized by the lipolytic enzyme and the oxidoreductase, and a certain amount of electron carrier is converted from the oxidized form to the reduced form.
- the reaction time for completing the reaction between the substrate and the enzyme (that is, the measurement time) can be significantly shortened.
- the reaction time (measurement time) for completing the reaction between the substrate and the enzyme is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 120 seconds, preferably 1 to 90 seconds, more preferably 1 to 90 seconds after addition of the sample. 60 seconds, particularly preferably 1 to 45 seconds.
- a predetermined potential is applied between the working electrode 2 and the counter electrode 4 through the electrode for the purpose of oxidizing the reduced electron carrier.
- the reduced electron carrier is electrochemically oxidized and converted into an oxidized form.
- the amount of the reduced electron carrier before applying the potential is calculated, and the amount of the substrate reacted with the enzyme can be quantified.
- the value of the potential applied when flowing the oxidation current is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted with reference to conventionally known knowledge. For example, a potential of about ⁇ 200 to +700 mV, preferably 0 to +500 mV may be applied between the counter electrode 4 and the working electrode 2.
- the potential applying means for applying the potential is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known potential applying means can be appropriately used.
- a chronoamperometry method for measuring a current value after a predetermined time after applying a predetermined potential may be used.
- a chronocoulometry method may be used in which a charge amount obtained by integrating the current response by the chronoamperometry method with time is measured.
- the chronoamperometry method can be preferably used in that it is measured by a simple apparatus system.
- the mode of calculating the substrate concentration by measuring the current (oxidation current) when oxidizing the reduced electron carrier has been described as an example, but in some cases, it remains without being reduced.
- a form in which the substrate concentration is calculated by measuring a current (reduction current) when reducing the oxidized electron carrier may be employed.
- the biosensor of the present invention may be used in any form and is not particularly limited. For example, it can be used for various applications such as a disposable biosensor for disposable use, a biosensor for continuously measuring a predetermined value by embedding at least an electrode part in a human body.
- the biosensor of the present invention can be applied to conventionally known sensors such as a neutral fat sensor and a cholesterol sensor.
- the oxidoreductase and the lipolytic enzyme are contained in separate reaction layers, the degradation of neutral fat into glycerol by the lipolytic enzyme and the oxidation reaction by the redox enzyme proceed rapidly. . For this reason, glucose and a neutral fat density
- Example 1 As the electrode, DEP Chip EP-N (manufactured by Biodevice Technology Co., Ltd.) was used. In the DEP Chip EP-N, a working electrode 2 made of carbon, a reference electrode 3 and a counter electrode 4 are formed on an insulating substrate 1, and a working electrode working part 2-1 made of carbon is sandwiched between insulating layers 5. A reference electrode working part 3-1 made of silver / silver chloride and a counter electrode working part 4-1 made of carbon are formed.
- the first reaction layer (GLDH layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- Per sensor volume of 2 ⁇ l of sample “whole blood” supplied
- the final concentration is 1.5 U for PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase and 5 mM glycylglycine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) .65 ⁇ g) and Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) were mixed to a concentration of 0.025% (0.5 ⁇ g) to obtain a solution (GLDH solution).
- the obtained GLDH solution was dropped so as to cover the working electrode working part, reference electrode working part, and counter electrode working part of EP-N, and dried at 30 ° C. for 5 minutes, and the first reaction layer (GLDH layer) was formed. Obtained.
- the second reaction layer (LPL layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- the lipoprotein lipase (LPL, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.) is 75 U, and glycylglycine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is mixed to 5 mM (0.65 ⁇ g) to obtain a solution. (LPL solution) was obtained. The obtained LPL solution was dropped so as to be layered (coated) on the formed GLDH layer and dried at 30 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a second reaction layer (LPL layer).
- LPL lipoprotein lipase
- the LPL layer as the second reaction layer was formed (multilayered) on the GLDH layer as the first reaction layer.
- the third reaction layer (electron carrier layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- Hexaammine ruthenium (III) chloride manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 100 mM 65 ⁇ g
- glycylglycine Japanese sum
- a mediator solution was obtained by mixing 25 mM (3.25 ⁇ g) of Koyo Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. and 0.1% (2 ⁇ g) of Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation).
- the obtained mediator solution was dropped into a gap formed by bonding an adhesive (double-sided tape) to a cover made of PET and then dried at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a third reaction layer (electron carrier layer).
- the neutral fat A sensor was fabricated and the characteristics were evaluated. At this time, the thicknesses of the first reaction layer, the second reaction layer, and the third reaction layer are each 5 ⁇ m, and the separation distance between the second reaction layer and the third reaction layer is 0.15 mm. there were.
- Example 1 After inhaling 2 ⁇ l of the sample solution (whole blood, triglyceride value 300 mg / dl), after waiting for each second as a reaction time, a potential of +200 mV is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode with reference electrode as a reference. The value of the current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode after 2 seconds was measured. This current value is proportional to the concentration of the reduced electron carrier, that is, the concentration of degraded neutral fat in the whole blood, and the neutral fat concentration in the whole blood can be determined from this current value.
- Table 1 Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 5, the result of Example 1 is represented by a white circle ( ⁇ ).
- Example 2 A first reaction layer (GLDH layer) was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the second reaction layer (electron carrier-containing LPL layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- an electron carrier-containing LPL layer as a second reaction layer was formed (multilayered) on the GLDH layer as the first reaction layer.
- the surfactant layer was formed by the following procedure.
- a neutral fat sensor is formed by bonding together a cover on which a surfactant layer is formed and an adhesive (double-sided tape) adhered to the substrate on which the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer are formed.
- an adhesive double-sided tape
- Example 2 For the neutral fat sensor thus prepared, the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 5, the results of Example 2 are represented by white triangles ( ⁇ ).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a GLDH solution and an LPL solution were prepared. Next, the GLDH solution and the LPL solution are mixed so that the amount of each component per sensor (the amount of the supplied sample “whole blood” is 2 ⁇ l) is the same as in the example, and the mixture is EP-N Example 1 except that the working electrode working part, the reference working part, and the counter working part were coated and dried at 30 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a mixed layer of the GLDH layer and the LPL layer. Thus, a comparative neutral fat sensor was produced.
- Example 1 For the comparative triglyceride sensor thus produced, the current value was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 5, the result of Comparative Example 1 is represented by a black square ( ⁇ ).
- Example 3 The electrode used was a three-electrode system designed and manufactured independently. In this electrode, a working electrode 2 made of carbon, a reference electrode 3 and a counter electrode 4 are formed on an insulating substrate 1, and a working electrode working part 2-1 made of carbon, silver chloride is sandwiched between insulating layers 5. A reference electrode working part 3-1 made of silver and a counter electrode working part 4-1 made of carbon are formed.
- the first reaction layer (GLDH layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- Per sensor volume of 1 ⁇ l of sample “whole blood” to be supplied) at a final concentration, 1.0 U of PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase and 10 mM of glycylglycine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 3 ⁇ g), Emulgen PP-290 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) 0.05% (0.5 ⁇ g), and polyethylene glycol 6000 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.75% (7. 5 ⁇ g) to obtain a solution (GLDH solution). The obtained GLDH solution was dropped so as to cover the working electrode working part, reference electrode working part and counter electrode working part of the electrode, and dried at 40 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a first reaction layer (GLDH layer). .
- the second reaction layer (electron carrier-containing LPL layer) was formed by the following procedure.
- an electron carrier-containing LPL layer as a second reaction layer was formed (multilayered) on the GLDH layer as the first reaction layer.
- the surfactant layer was formed by the following procedure.
- a neutral fat sensor is formed by bonding together a cover on which a surfactant layer is formed and an adhesive (double-sided tape) adhered to the substrate on which the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer are formed.
- an adhesive double-sided tape
- the neutral fat sensor thus obtained was evaluated as follows. After inhaling 1 ⁇ l of sample liquid (whole blood, triglyceride value (183 mg / dl) and waiting for each second as a reaction time, a potential of +200 mV is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode based on the reference electrode, After 1 second, the value of the current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode was measured, and this current value was proportional to the concentration of the reduced electron carrier, that is, the concentration of degraded triglyceride in whole blood.
- the neutral fat concentration in whole blood can be determined from the values, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 6. In Fig. 6, the results of Example 3 are represented by white circles ( ⁇ ).
- Example 4 The current value was the same as in Example 3 except that polyvinyl alcohol 500 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) having the same concentration was used instead of 0.75% (7.5 ⁇ g) of polyethylene glycol 6000 of Example 3. Was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 6, the result of Example 4 is represented by a black circle ( ⁇ ).
- Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 3, except that 10% (100 ⁇ g) of trehalose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used instead of 0.75% (7.5 ⁇ g) of polyethylene glycol 6000 of Example 3, The value was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 7, the result of Example 5 is represented by a white square ( ⁇ ).
- Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 3, except that 1% (10 ⁇ g) of BSA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used instead of 0.75% (7.5 ⁇ g) of polyethylene glycol 6000 of Example 3, The value was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In FIG. 7, the result of Example 6 is represented by a white triangle ( ⁇ ).
- BSA manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the layer is present in a mixed state, the low solubility of GLDH also affects the solubility of LPL, resulting in a decrease in the overall solubility.
- LPL dissolves and reacts quickly by forming the two enzymes as separate layers, and then GLDH is reacted. Dissolves and reacts.
- the reaction time can be shortened by the present invention, because the reactivity of the two enzymes is improved in each layer, and the overall reactivity is improved.
- reaction time was 45 seconds, which was shortened to the same extent as in Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, even when sugar, protein, or hydrophilic polymer is mixed in at least one of the first reaction layer, the second reaction layer, and the third reaction layer, an excellent reaction time shortening effect can be obtained. ing.
- Insulating substrate 2 working electrode, 2-1 Working electrode working part, 3 Reference electrode, 3-1 Reference electrode working part, 4 counter electrode, 4-1 Counter electrode action part, 5 Insulating layer, 6 (6a, 6b) adhesive, 7 Cover, 8 First reaction layer, 9 Second reaction layer, 10 Third reaction layer, S space part.
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Abstract
Description
この方法は、下記式(4)の反応によって行われるため、溶存酸素の影響を受けない、反応が簡便で複数の酵素を用いる必要がない、高価なNAD+を添加する必要がない等のメリットがある。
本発明において使用される絶縁性基板1は、特に制限はなく従来公知のものを使用することができる。一例を挙げると、プラスチック、紙、ガラス、セラミックス等である。また、絶縁性基板1の形状やサイズについては、特に制限されない。
本発明の電極は、少なくとも作用極2と対極4とを含む。
絶縁層5を構成する材料は特に制限されないが、例えば、レジストインク、PETやポリエチレン等の樹脂、ガラス、セラミックス、紙等により構成されうる。好ましくは、PETである。
上記の通り、本発明の第1のバイオセンサにおいて、試料供給部は、酸化還元酵素を含む第一の反応層8と脂質分解酵素を含む第二の反応層9とを有する。また、第一の反応層および第二の反応層と分離されて、カバー7側に界面活性剤層が設けられる場合には、試料供給部は界面活性剤層をも有する。
本発明における第一の反応層8は、補欠分子族(「補酵素」とも称する)としてピロロキノリンキノン(PQQ)、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド(FAD)、またはフラビンモノヌクレオチド(FMN)を含む酸化還元酵素を含む。特に、補欠分子族としてピロロキノリンキノン(PQQ)を含むポリオール脱水素酵素が好ましい。なお、本発明においては、本発明の酸化還元酵素を単独で、または混合物の形態として使用してもよい。
補欠分子族としてフラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド(FAD)またはフラビンモノヌクレオチド(FMN)を含む酸化還元酵素としては、グルコースオキシダーゼ、グルコースデヒドロゲナーゼ、D-アミノ酸オキシダーゼ、コハク酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、モノアミンオキシダーゼ、サルコシンデヒドロゲナーゼ、グリセロールデヒドロゲナーゼ、ソルビトールデヒドロゲナーゼ、D-乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、コレステロールオキシダーゼ等が挙げられる。
また、本発明における第二の反応層9は、脂質を構成するエステル結合を加水分解する脂質分解酵素を含む。ゆえに、本発明のバイオセンサは、中性脂肪センサとして使用ことができる。かような脂質分解酵素として、特に制限されないが、具体的には、リポプロテインリパーゼ(LPL)、リパーゼ、エステラーゼが好適に挙げられる。特に、反応性の観点で、リポプロテインリパーゼ(LPL)が好ましい。
本発明のバイオセンサは、電子伝達体を含むことが好ましい。ここで、電子伝達体は、第一の反応層8または第二の反応層9に含まれてもよいが、これらの反応層とは別に第三の反応層に含まれることが好ましい。この場合には、電子伝達体を含む反応層は、電極とは離間して存在させることがより好ましく、第一の反応層8または第二の反応層9、特に第二の反応層9と離間して存在させることが特に好ましい。すなわち、本発明は、絶縁性基板と、前記絶縁性基板上に形成されてなる、少なくとも作用極および対極を含む電極系と、前記電極系上に形成されてなる試料供給部と、を有するバイオセンサであって、前記試料供給部が、前記電極系上に形成され、補欠分子族としてピロロキノリンキノン(PQQ)、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド(FAD)、またはフラビンモノヌクレオチド(FMN)を含む酸化還元酵素を含む第一の反応層と、前記第一の反応層上に脂質分解酵素を含む溶液を塗布することによって形成される第二の反応層と、を含む反応層を有し、さらに、電子伝達体を含む第三の反応層を前記第一および第二の反応層と分離されて形成されてなる、バイオセンサ(第2のバイオセンサ)が提供される。
本発明のバイオセンサにおいては、第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9または第三の反応層10が、必要であれば界面活性剤を有する。また、本発明の第1のバイオセンサにおいては、第一の反応層8および第二の反応層9と分離されて、界面活性剤層がカバー7側に形成されていてもよい。
本発明における第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9、または第三の反応層10は、さらに親水性高分子を含んでもよい。
本発明の第一のバイオセンサおよび第二のバイオセンサにおいて、第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9および第三の反応層10の少なくとも一つは、さらに糖を含んでもよい。糖は測定に関わる酵素反応に関与せず、また、自身が反応することもないものを適宜選択して使用することができ、各層の固定化や安定化に寄与し得る。糖は、第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9および第三の反応層10のいずれに含まれてもよいが、少なくとも第一の反応層8に含まれることが好ましい。
本発明の第1および第2のバイオセンサにおいて、第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9および第三の反応層10の少なくとも一つは、さらにタンパク質を含んでもよい。タンパク質は測定に関わる酵素反応に関与せず、また、自身が反応することもない、生理活性を示さないものを適宜選択して使用することができ、各層の固定化や安定化に寄与し得る。タンパク質は、第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9および第三の反応層10のいずれに含まれてもよいが、少なくとも第一の反応層8に含まれることが好ましい。
本発明の第1および第2のバイオセンサにおける第一の反応層8、第二の反応層9および第三の反応層10を形成する方法にも特に制限はない。以下では、本発明の第2のバイオセンサの作製方法の好ましい実施形態を説明する。なお、本発明は、下記の方法に限定されるものではない。また、本発明の第1のバイオセンサの作製もまた、特に制限されないが、例えば、下記において第三の反応層を形成しない以外は、同様にして実施できる。
本発明において使用される試料は、好ましくは、溶液形態である。溶液形態における溶媒としても特に制限されず、従来公知の溶媒を適宜参照し、あるいは組み合わせて適用することができる。
(実施例1)
電極は、DEP Chip EP-N(有限会社バイオデバイステクノロジー製)を使用した。DEP Chip EP-Nは、絶縁性基板1の上に、それぞれカーボンからなる作用極2、参照極3、対極4が形成され、絶縁層5を挟んで、カーボンからなる作用極作用部分2-1、銀/塩化銀からなる参照極作用部分3-1、カーボンからなる対極作用部分4-1が形成されている。
上記実施例1と同様にして、第一の反応層(GLDH層)を形成した。
上記実施例1と同様にして、GLDH溶液とLPL溶液を調製した。次に、GLDH溶液とLPL溶液とを、1センサ(供給される試料「全血」の量2μl)あたりの各成分量が実施例と同じになるように混合し、その混合液をEP-Nの作用極作用部分、参照極作用部分、および対極作用部分を被覆するように滴下し、30℃で5分間乾燥させてGLDH層とLPL層の混合層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較用中性脂肪センサを作製した。
使用する電極には、独自に設計・製造した3電極系の電極を使用した。この電極は、絶縁性基板1の上に、それぞれカーボンからなる作用極2、参照極3、対極4が形成され、絶縁層5を挟んで、カーボンからなる作用極作用部分2-1、銀塩化銀からなる参照極作用部分3-1、カーボンからなる対極作用部分4-1が形成されている。
実施例3の0.75%(7.5μg)のポリエチレングリコール6000の代わりに同濃度のポリビニルアルコール500(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして電流値を測定した。その結果を表1および図6に示す。また、図6中、実施例4の結果は黒塗り丸(●)で表す。
実施例3の0.75%(7.5μg)のポリエチレングリコール6000の代わりに10%(100μg)のトレハロース(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして電流値を測定した。その結果を表1および図7に示す。また、図7中、実施例5の結果は白抜き四角(□)で表す。
実施例3の0.75%(7.5μg)のポリエチレングリコール6000の代わりに1%(10μg)のBSA(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして電流値を測定した。その結果を表1および図7に示す。また、図7中、実施例6の結果は白抜き三角(△)で表す。
2 作用極、
2-1 作用極作用部分、
3 参照極、
3-1 参照極作用部分、
4 対極、
4-1 対極作用部分、
5 絶縁層、
6(6a、6b) 接着剤、
7 カバー、
8 第一の反応層、
9 第二の反応層、
10 第三の反応層、
S 空間部。
Claims (7)
- 絶縁性基板と、前記絶縁性基板上に形成されてなる、少なくとも作用極および対極を含む電極系と、前記電極系上に形成されてなる試料供給部と、を有するバイオセンサであって、
前記試料供給部が、
前記電極系上に形成され、少なくとも、補欠分子族としてピロロキノリンキノン(PQQ)、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド(FAD)、またはフラビンモノヌクレオチド(FMN)を含む酸化還元酵素を含む第一の反応層と、
前記第一の反応層上に脂質分解酵素を含む溶液を塗布することによって形成される第二の反応層と、
を含む反応層を有する、バイオセンサ。 - 前記試料供給部が、さらに電子伝達体を含む、請求項1に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記電子伝達体は、第二の反応層に配置される、または
電子伝達体を有する第三の反応層をさらに、前記第一および第二の反応層と分離するように、前記試料供給部にもうける、請求項2に記載のバイオセンサ。 - 前記酸化還元酵素が、補欠分子族としてピロロキノリンキノン(PQQ)を含むポリオール脱水素酵素である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記第一の反応層、第二の反応層、または第三の反応層は、界面活性剤をさらに含む、請求項3または4のいずれか1項に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記第一の反応層、第二の反応層、または第三の反応層は、親水性高分子をさらに含む、請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載のバイオセンサ。
- 前記第一の反応層、第二の反応層、または第三の反応層は、糖およびタンパク質の少なくとも一つをさらに含む請求項3~6のいずれか1項に記載のバイオセンサ。
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JP2013205347A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Cci Corp | トリスホウ酸を含むバイオセンサ |
JP2013205369A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Cci Corp | 血液抗凝固剤を含むバイオセンサ |
JP2016188794A (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-04 | シーシーアイ株式会社 | バイオセンサ |
WO2019078070A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 積層体 |
CN114544725A (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 五鼎生物技术股份有限公司 | 生化试片 |
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JP5950816B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
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CA2794887C (en) | 2017-07-25 |
US8852413B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
EP2554982A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
US20130020196A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
CA2794887A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
CN102959392A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
EP2554982B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
HK1182444A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
CN102959392B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
KR101727630B1 (ko) | 2017-04-17 |
KR20130018741A (ko) | 2013-02-25 |
JPWO2011125750A1 (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
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