WO2011060466A2 - Base structure of a stationary photovoltaic system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a support structure (4) for a photovoltaic unit (2) of a stationary photovoltaic system (1), comprising a base structure (7) which can be embedded at least partially into the ground and a flat structure (20) which can be embedded into the ground and which is joined to the base structure (7) in the mounted state in such a way that the forces, for securely anchoring the base structure (7) in the ground, acting upon the flat structure (20) due to the weight of the base material can be transferred to the base structure (7). The invention is characterised in that the flat structure is flexible.

Description

 Floor construction of a stationary photovoltaic system

The invention relates to a support structure for a photovoltaic unit of a stationary photovoltaic system with a bottom structure, which is at least partially eingrabbar in the ground and a buriable in the ground flat structure, which is in connection with the ground structure in the assembled state so that the on the flat Structures by the load of soil material acting forces for secure anchoring of the floor structure in the ground on the floor construction are transferable.

Furthermore, two methods for anchoring a support structure according to the invention are to be specified. Anchoring methods for floor constructions of photovoltaic systems are widely known. A common method is, for example, the concreting of the floor construction, which leads to a secure hold of the support structure and thus the photovoltaic system. However, this is associated with a very large effort, since additional material for the foundation (concrete) must be provided, which has a negative effect on the cost. One way to avoid these increased costs, is shown in DE 296 10 516 U1, where the support structure has a bottom construction with a tub, which is filled with loose bulk material from the environment of the site. The disadvantage of such a tub is that it is bulky and heavy, which leads to high costs for the transport of the support structure to the site.

The object of the invention is to provide a comparison with the prior art improved support structure for a photovoltaic unit of a stationary photovoltaic system.

This is achieved in the support structure according to the invention characterized in that the sheet-like structure is flexible. By using a flexible sheet-like structure is achieved that this is both collapsible or rollable formed and thus has a smaller footprint during storage and also during transport to the site.

Flexible in this context means that the material of the flat structure is not rigid. The material of the planar structure thus has properties that are similar to a textile, a tarpaulin or a film, which can change their outer shape very easily, such as roll up, fold into one another, etc. and which also regress again from this state to let.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims: It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the flat structure is designed to be water-permeable. Thus, occurring rainwater can flow through the flat structure and it is thus ensured that the stability of the anchoring of the support structure is not affected by the rainwater.

According to a preferred embodiment it can be provided that the flat structure is formed at least partially, preferably substantially completely, from a material that is tensile in at least one direction, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Due to the fact that the planar structure does not distort substantially, the forces acting thereon do not lead to a negative influence on the stability of the planar structure. It could of course also be provided that the material is stretchable but nevertheless substantially tear-resistant. Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the flat structure is formed at least partially, preferably substantially completely, from geosynthetic material. Geosynthetics have excellent properties in terms of tear strength, stability and resistance to rot, which allows a long-term secure anchoring of the support structure. It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the planar structure is formed at least partially, preferably substantially completely, from a geocomposite, wherein one of the composites is designed as a nonwoven fabric. On the one hand, geocomposites have high strength, and on the other hand, the nonwoven ensures that penetrating water is discharged through the nonwoven fabric.

Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the floor construction spans an imaginary standing surface and the planar structure has a base surface, characterized in that the base surface of the flat structure is larger than the base surface of the floor construction. The fact that the flat structure has a larger base than the bottom construction, an even safer anchoring of the floor construction can be achieved because the forces acting through the soil material are not limited only to the footprint of the floor construction, but extend to the entire base of the flat structure ,

It has proven to be particularly advantageous when the support structure is designed to be collapsible and unfoldable. Thus, little space is required for the transportation or storage of the support structure, which contributes to lower costs for storage or transport.

According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the flat structure is connected to the folded and / or folded apart support structure and / or that the flat structure is folded together in the folded support structure and spans when unfolding the support structure. The fact that the flat structure is folded together in the folded state, it requires very little space. Furthermore, the workload decreases when the flat structure automatically unfolded when unfolded the support structure.

As advantageous, it has further been found that the support structure has attachment points for mounting a photovoltaic unit, wherein the support structure is flat collapsible. Flat collapsing allows multiple support structures to be stacked on top of each other. This contributes to low space requirements during storage or transport. Preferably, it can further be provided that the support structure has a support part, which has attachment points for a two-dimensionally formed photovoltaic unit and at least one drive device for the driven adjustment of the support part and at least one uniaxial adjustment device, through which a photovoltaic unit mounted on the support member in azimuth and elevation about an adjustment axis between a setting position and end position is adjustable, wherein the projection of the surface normals of the photovoltaic unit to the horizontal plane in the setup position defines a Einrichtachse E and the projection of the adjustment axis to the horizontal plane defines a projected adjustment axis, wherein the projected adjustment axis for Einrichtachse forms an angle in the range of more than 5 degrees and less than 80 degrees, preferably in the range of more than 10 degrees and less than 60 degrees. Thus, the projected adjustment axis deviates from the Einrichtachse, which means that a pivoting does not take place about an imaginary center axis of the photovoltaic unit, but the pivoting along an axis which deviates from this central axis. This leads to the fact that it comes to different covered path lengths of the ends of the photovoltaic unit during the pivoting process. Thus, one end of the photovoltaic unit is lowered less in the direction of the ground and the other end of the photovoltaic unit more towards the ground. With a suitable choice of the pivot axis, it is thus possible that - due to the inclination angle in the setup position, in which one end is closer to the ground and the other end is due to the inclination angle in a higher position above the ground - which is closer to the ground At the end, the ground is lowered less so that the end further away from the ground moves more towards the ground as it pivots. Thus, with a suitable choice of the adjustment, it can be achieved that both ends of the photovoltaic unit at a maximum adjustment - in which the photovoltaic unit has the maximum elevation, and is in its end position - both ends a substantially equal distance to the ground. By doing so, with only one uniaxial adjusting device is achieved that both a larger elevation and a larger azimuth is made possible than would be the case with a uniaxial adjusting device in which the adjustment axis runs parallel to or in the Einrichtachse. As a result, a higher energy yield is possible when using a uniaxial adjusting device, and compared to a biaxial adjusting device manufacturing costs are saved. The invention further relates to a method for anchoring a support structure, excavated soil and thereby an excavation is formed and optionally simultaneously or successively the sheet structure and the bottom construction is introduced into the excavation, and applied the soil material on the sheet structure and filled the excavation becomes.

Protection is also sought for a method for anchoring a support structure, excavated soil and thus an excavation is formed, and the sheet is placed in the excavation and partially filled with soil material, and the floor construction in the excavation above the sheet structure and the filled soil material is introduced, and the sheet-like structure, preferably the ends of the sheet-like structure, with the floor construction, preferably by overlapping, is associated, and is filled with the soil material, the excavation. Such a method ensures that more soil material can be introduced into and onto the floor construction or the planar structure than would be the case with a floor construction which has a rigid planar structure in the floor construction. Specifically, protection is desired for a stationary photovoltaic system with a support structure according to one of claims 1 to 11.

Protection is also desired for a stationary photovoltaic system constructed according to a method for anchoring the support structure according to claim 12 or 13.

Further details and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. 1 a shows a perspective view of a collapsed one

 Support structure,

 1 b is a detail view of Fig. 1a,

Fig. 2a is a perspective view of several stacked

 Support structures,

2b, 2c is a detail view of Fig. 2a, 3a shows a bottom view of a PV panel with holding devices,

3b is a front view of a PV panel with holding devices,

Fig. 3c is a perspective view of a PV panel with

 Holders,

4a is a perspective view of a Photovoitaik unit with multiple photovoltaic panels on a support in the folded state,

4b a plurality of folded photovoltaic units side by side in a perspective view,

5 shows a perspective view of a transport means loaded with a plurality of support structures and a plurality of photovoltaic units,

 Fig. 6a to Fig. 6c unloading and setting up the support structure on

 Destination,

7a and FIG. 7d is a perspective view of an unfolded and erected support structure,

7b and FIG. 7c a detail view of FIG. 7a,

 Fig. 8 is a perspective view of an erected

 Carrying construction in an excavation,

9 shows a support structure according to the prior art,

 10 is a section through the soil and a supporting structure with a foundation with a flexible planar structure, Fig. 11a to Fig. 11c, the unloading and unfolding a Photovoitaik unit at the destination in perspective view,

Fig. 11d is a perspective view of an unfolded

 Photovoitaik unit

12 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic system,

 Fig. 13a is a perspective view of a schematic, stationary

 Photovoltaic system,

13b is a plan view of a schematic support structure of a stationary photovoltaic system,

14a to 14c are perspective views of a photovoltaic system with different positions of the photovoltaic units,

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic system with

Photovoltaic unit in setup position (north-south orientation), 16 is a perspective view of a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic unit in tilted position (west orientation),

Fig. 17 photovoltaic system in perspective view with tilted

 Photovoltaic unit (east orientation),

18a, 18b section through a coupling device of a support structure of a photovoltaic system,

 19a is a front view of a 3D spherical plain bearing,

19b section of Fig. 19a,

Fig. 19c perspective view of a 3D spherical plain bearing a

 Photovoltaic system.

Figure 1a shows a flat folded support structure 4 of a stationary photovoltaic system 1 (not shown). The two uprights 5 and 6 are folded into the interior of the floor structure 7, resulting in an overall height of the folded support structure 4, which is given essentially by the height of the folded floor construction 7. The folded floor construction 7 and thus also the two uprights 5 and 6 are pivoted about the joints 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d. In the folded-down floor structure 7 while the flexible sheet-like structure 20, consisting in this embodiment of two webs 24a and 24b, introduced, preferably threaded. In a further embodiment, it is provided to form the planar structure 20 in one piece. The connection and control device 12 and the inverter 13 are mounted in this embodiment, the uprights 6 and thus mitverschwenkt with this during pivoting.

The bottom structure 7 is formed as a frame, which leads to a very stable structure and through which the flexible sheet-like structure 20, strictly speaking their tracks 24a and 24b, can be performed.

In this embodiment, four connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d are arranged on the support structure 4, via which the folded support structure 4 connected to another support structure 4, in fact stacked, can be. FIG. 1b shows in detail a connecting element 9b, with which the support structure 4 can be connected to a further support structure 4. Likewise, it is of course conceivable that these connecting elements 9a to 9d are not designed as separate components, but arise from the shape and the design of the bottom structure 7. Crucial here is only that stacked support structures 4 can be arranged inadvertent and that they can retain their position in their storage or their transport. Thus, no additional materials for securing the support structure would be necessary in a transport, which leads to a low cost of materials for transport and also low packaging material costs. Of course, the stacked support structures 4 can be additionally secured, for example by means of a tension belt, to eliminate any risk of slipping.

Figure 2a shows five stacked support structures 4, via the connecting elements 9a, 9b. 9c, 9d are interconnected. The connecting elements 9c and 9d are visible only in the uppermost support structure 4, these are naturally also on all other four support structures 4 and the connection is made via these connecting elements 9a to 9d to the overlying support structure 4. The flexible planar structure is inserted in each case in the support structures 4. Likewise, the connection and control devices 12 and at least one inverter 13 are located inside the folded support structures 4. Thus, a plurality of support structures 4 can be transported or stored in a space-saving manner.

Figure 2b and Figure 2c show in detail the connecting elements 9a and 9b, as they are in communication with an overlying supporting structure 4 and fix them in their position. Figure 3a shows the underside of a photovoltaic panel 3a or 3b, which are provided in this embodiment with two glued holding devices 14a and 14b. By sticking the holding device is a theft protection given because the bond can not be solved without damaging the photovoltaic panel 3a, 3b or very difficult - with adhesive residue on the photovoltaic panel - can be solved. The holding devices 14a and 14b have in this Embodiment, a stop element 15, with which the

Position of the photovoltaic panel 3a, 3b in the unfolded state on the carrier 10 (not shown) is given. FIG. 4a shows a photovoltaic unit 2 in the folded state. In each case, two photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b are folded with their receiving surfaces to each other, they do not touch. At this photovoltaic unit 2, sixteen of these photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b are arranged in pairs on the carrier 10. These photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b are fastened with holding devices 14a and 14b, which in turn can be fixed in their folded position via the locking device 16. Inserts also prevent contact of the photovoltaic panels (not shown). In the unfolded state (not shown), the holding devices 14a and 14b are connected to the locking device 17 and thus the photovoltaic panels 3a, 3b and fixed in position. The arrangement of the photovoltaic panels 3a, 3b and their holding devices 14a and 14b is made in this embodiment on the side surface 11a of the carrier 10, whereby the opposite side surface 11b of the carrier 10 remains free and thus folded for assembly of the folded and unfolded Photovoltaic unit 2 can be used. Thus, no conversion measures are necessary to attach a folded photovoltaic unit 2 on a means of transport.

Figure 4b shows several folded photovoltaic units 2 space-saving juxtaposed.

FIG. 5 shows the loading of a truck on which a plurality of support structures 4 as well as a plurality of photovoltaic units 2 can be accommodated. The support structures 4 are stacked against each other slip-proof and the photovoltaic units 2 can be slipped by means of the carrier 10 on the back of the truck and mounted tilt-proof. Thus, up to six stationary photovoltaic systems can be transported simultaneously on a commercial truck. FIG. 6a shows five support structures 4 stacked on top of each other, from which, as shown in FIG. 6b, a support structure 4 can then be removed and placed on its destination as shown in FIG. 6c. Subsequently, the uprights 5 and 6 are unfolded, whereby at the same time the flexible planar structure 20 unfolds and is tensioned. At the same time, together with the upright 6, the connection and control device 12 and the inverter 13 rise. The two uprights 5 and 6 are fixed in their erected position and can then receive the photovoltaic unit 2 (not shown).

FIG. 7 a shows an unfolded support structure 4. The floor construction 7 was unfolded via the joints 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, 8 d and forms a frame. The joints 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d can be fixed in position via the holes 18. By unfolding the floor structure 7, the two uprights have 5 and 6 miterhoben automatically and are now also in position fixed by the holes 18, for example by screwing. Also has the unfolding of the floor structure 7, the flexible planar structure 20 unfolded and thus has a larger base area 23 than the base surface 22 of the bottom structure 7 is. The base surface 22 of the floor structure 7 results from the surface which surrounds the frame, the base 23 of the planar structure 20 results from the sum of the two tracks 24a and 24b of the sheet minus the area of a web where it covers the other track. The fact that the base 23 is larger than the base 22 allows a more stable anchoring of the support structure 4 in the ground.

The two webs 24a, 24b of the flexible sheet-like structure 20 are laid in this embodiment by the struts of the floor structure 7, actually threaded (see Figure 7b and Figure 7c), which leads to the automatic tensioning of the flexible sheet-like structure 20 when unfolding the floor structure 7 , The flexible sheet-like structure 20 is preferably designed to be permeable to water, whereby it is ensured in the rain, etc., that the water through the floor construction 4, in fact the flexible sheet-like structure 20, can run off and thus not adversely affect the stability of the floor structure 7 in the ground effect. On the uprights 5, the coupling elements 40 and 50 of the coupling device 41 are further arranged, which are provided for the pivoting of a photovoltaic unit, not shown (see Figure 18a and 8b). The inverter 13 and the connection and control device 12 are arranged on the upright 6, as a result of which this support structure 4 can be operated as a "stand-alone system" if it is provided with a photovoltaic unit 2. In the construction of a photovoltaic power plant an inverter 13 is only necessary for a number of photovoltaic systems 1 (not shown) in one of the support structures 4, as shown in Figure 7a For the further photovoltaic systems 1 (not shown), a support structure 4 is required, as shown in FIG 7d, with the only difference that no inverter 13 (not shown) is needed.

Figure 8 shows a support structure 4, which was placed in an excavation 25. After the introduction and alignment of the support structure 4 and the spreading of the flexible sheet-like structure 20, this can now be filled with foundation material forming, preferably with the previously excavated, soil material 21. Likewise, of course, other material that was not located at the site, could be used for the filling, such as sand, gravel, concrete, etc. By the load of the soil material 21 on the sheet-like structure 20 and their beyond the floor structure 7 extending paths 24a and 24b secure anchoring of the floor construction 7 in the ground is achieved. The fact that the flat structure 20 is flexible, it can be crossed in the transport state and spanned at the site by the unfolding of the floor structure 7. Preferably, the material of the flexible sheet-like structure 20 is designed tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions. It has been shown that geosynthetics are best suited for these tasks of foundation. Likewise, of course, all other flexible materials for this foundation type are conceivable. Likewise, of course, different support structures 4 for this type of foundation of a photovoltaic system 1 (not shown) suitable. Thus, FIG. 9 shows a further, different support structure 4 for this foundation type. In such a support structure 4 can also be a two-dimensional formation 20 are introduced and the just laid out in Figure 8 foundation method can be performed.

FIG. 10 shows a further variant of a possible anchoring method of a support structure 4 for a photovoltaic unit 2 of a stationary photovoltaic installation 1 (not shown). In this case, first soil material 21 is excavated and thereby an excavation 25 formed. Subsequently, the planar structure 20 is introduced into the excavation 25 and partially filled with soil material 21. This soil material is gravel in this embodiment, it could of course be used as any other material, as well as the excavation of the pit 25. Subsequently, the bottom construction 7 is applied to the excavation 25 on the partially filled planar structure 20. The ends of the sheet-like structure 20 are struck over the floor structure 7, thus contributing the soil material 21, which is located under the floor structure 7 as well to the secure anchoring of the floor construction 7 at. Subsequently, the excavation 25 is filled with soil material 21. Again, of course, any other material for filling the excavation 25 is conceivable.

After anchoring the floor structure 7 and thus the support structure 4 at the site, the photovoltaic unit 2, as shown in Figure 11a to 11c, then discharged from a means of transport and placed.

11a shows five juxtaposed and folded photovoltaic units 2, which are located for example on a truck (not shown). From this one is now taken (as shown in Figure 11b) and unfolded at its destination (as shown in Figure 11c).

Figure 11d shows an unfolded photovoltaic unit 2 consisting of sixteen photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b (for the sake of clarity, only six of the sixteen panels were marked). The panels 3a, 3b are over Retaining devices 14 a and 14 b pivotally attached to the carrier 10.

By swinging the photovoltaic panels 3a, 3b, these are automatically brought into the correct position, since the holding devices 14a and 14b have a stop element 15 (not shown). In this unfolded position, the holding devices 14a and 14b and with them the photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b, which are preferably connected by adhesive bonding, can be fixed in their position by means of the locking device 17. This ensures that even in adverse weather conditions, such as a storm, the photovoltaic panels 3a, 3b are immutable in their position. The initial unfolding of the photovoltaic unit 2 normally takes place mounted on the support structure 4 (not shown), as this contributes to a simplified operation.

FIG. 12 shows a photovoltaic system 1, which has a photovoltaic unit 2 and a support structure 4. Furthermore, a support member 30, a drive device 31, and a 3D spherical plain bearing 34 are disposed between the photovoltaic unit 2 and the support structure 4, which serve to displace the photovoltaic unit 2 to follow the state of the sun. On the uprights 6, the connection and control device 12 and the inverter 13 is arranged. Thus, this photovoltaic system 1 can serve as a "stand-alone photovoltaic power plant." The uprights 6 contain the 3D spherical plain bearing 34, which, among other things, pivots the photovoltaic unit 2. The adjusting devices 32 and 42 (not shown) for the photovoltaic unit 2 result from the SD spherical plain bearing 34 and the coupling elements 40 and 50 on the upright 5 and the coupling elements 39 and 49 on the support member 30 (not shown, see Figure 18a and Figure 18b).

In a preferred embodiment, the support structure 4 is first set up and unfolded when installing the photovoltaic system 1. Subsequently, the support structure 4 is aligned and anchored in the ground. Thereafter, the 3D spherical plain bearing 34 is mounted on the upright 6. Now, the photovoltaic unit 2 can be mounted on the support structure 4 and attached to the support member 30 and the SD spherical plain bearing 34. Subsequently, the drive device 31 can be connected to the carrier 10 of the photovoltaic unit 2. The drive device 31 is equipped with a drive 33, which has a piston-cylinder unit 44 in this embodiment. With this, preferably one, drive device 31, both the uniaxial adjusting device 32 and the uniaxial adjusting device 42 can be actuated.

The bottom structure 7 of the support structure 4 here has a flexible planar structure 20, with which the photovoltaic system 1 can be anchored in the ground.

The photovoltaic unit 2 consists in this embodiment of eight photovoltaic panels 3a and eight photovoltaic panels 3b, which are arranged substantially symmetrically on a support 10 pivotally. The photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b have holding devices 14a and 14b, via which the photovoltaic panels 3a and 3b on the carrier 10 can be pivoted. By the locking devices 17, the photovoltaic panels 3a, 3b can be fixed in its unfolded position.

FIG. 13a shows the schematic representation of a photovoltaic installation 1 of a photovoltaic unit 2 on a support structure 4. In general, photovoltaic installations 1 are set up in such a way that the receiving area of the photovoltaic unit 2 is oriented to the south. In solar technology, the deviation of the solar collector from the south is referred to as azimuth a. East orientation means minus 90 °, southeast orientation means minus 45 °, south orientation equals 0 °, plus 45 ° is southwest orientation and west orientation means plus 90 ° of the collector.

In FIG. 13a, the photovoltaic unit 2 is in its set-up position 35, which is chosen such that the photovoltaic unit 2 is oriented substantially to the south and thus has an azimuth a = 0. In this position (setup position 35), the photovoltaic unit 2 has its ideal angle of inclination. The angle of inclination is referred to as elevation h in the photovoltaic technique, ie it is the angle formed by the receiving surface of the photovoltaic unit 2 with the horizontal plane. This results from the different heights of the two posts 5 and 6 and the distance between the two posts 5, 6 to each other. In the Setting position 35, the photovoltaic system 1 thus preferably has an azimuth a = 0 and an ideal elevation h _min - ie the ideal angle of inclination to the sun - on.

In the following, the different axes and the angles occurring under the axes are explained, the associated adjusting devices and other components are not discussed here and also not shown:

The adjustment axis VT of the adjusting device 32 extends substantially in the plane of the photovoltaic unit 2. This deviates from the imaginary center line M of the photovoltaic unit 2 and forms an angle o ^ to her. The projection of the adjustment axis VT onto the horizontal plane forms the projected adjustment axis PL. The projection of the surface normal n of the photovoltaic unit 2 onto the horizontal plane yields the projected surface normal n '. The extension of the projected surface normal n 'forms the Einrichtachse E when the photovoltaic unit 2 is in the setup position 35, as shown here. The projected adjustment axis forms an angle ΕΡ _Ί to the Einrichtachse E. The angle EP, is thus the projected to the horizontal plane 1 angle <xi.

The adjusting axis V _{2 of} the adjusting device 42 extends substantially in the plane of the photovoltaic unit 2. This deviates from the imaginary central axis M in the photovoltaic unit 2 and forms an angle a ₂ to her. The projection of the adjustment axis V ₂ on the horizontal plane forms the projected adjustment axis P ₂ . The projection of the surface normal of the photovoltaic unit 2 onto the horizontal plane yields the projected surface normal n '. The extension of the projected surface normal n 'forms the Einrichtachse E. The projected adjustment axis P ₂ forms an angle EP ₂ to the Einrichtachse E. The angle EP ₂ is thus projected onto the horizontal plane 1 angle a ₂ .

In a preferred embodiment, the elevation h _min in the set-up position 35 is approximately 20 °. The angle α _Ί or ₂ is chosen in practice between 20 ° and 30 °, in a preferred embodiment, the angle or a _{2 is} about 24 °. This value depends on the dimensions of the photovoltaic system 1 and can therefore vary widely. These values were determined in model experiments, as well as their calculation would of course be possible. Figure 13b shows the top view of the support structure 4 of a photovoltaic system 1 (not shown). For a better overview, the support structure 4 was shown only schematically. For a better overview, the photovoltaic unit 2 was not shown in this figure, as well as the setup position 35 and the two adjusting devices 32 and 42:

The installation of the support structure 4 is usually carried out so that the orientation of the support structure 4 is selected so that the Einrichtachse E thereby has a substantially north-south course. The Einrichtachse E is formed by the projection of the surface normal n of the photovoltaic unit 2 to the horizontal plane (in the Einrichtposition 35 of the photovoltaic unit 2, which occurs when the photovoltaic unit 2 has an ideal elevation h _min ). This setup position 35 occurs in this embodiment, when the photovoltaic unit 2 rests in both adjusting devices 32 and 42. In this case, the front edge of the photovoltaic unit 2 is formed substantially normal to the south direction and extends substantially parallel to the horizontal plane.

The projection of the adjustment axis \ / ^ on the horizontal plane forms the projected adjustment axis Pi. This projected adjustment axis is located in the same plane as the Einrichtachse E and it runs neither in the Einrichtachse E nor parallel to it, it cuts the Einrichtachse E and forms with it an angle EP ^ which in a preferred embodiment between 20 ° and 30 °, lies.

The projection of the adjustment axis V ₂ on the horizontal plane forms the projected adjustment axis P ₂ . This projected adjustment axis P ₂ is located in the same plane as the Einrichtachse E and it runs neither in the Einrichtachse E nor parallel to it, it cuts the Einrichtachse E and forms with it an angle EP ₂ , which in a preferred embodiment between 20 ° and 30 °, lies. The two adjustment axes and V ₂ are in a preferred embodiment substantially in a plane, preferably substantially in or parallel to the plane of the receiving surface of the photovoltaic unit 2. Thereby, the pivoting takes place via the two adjustment axes and V ₂ symmetrical to the Einrichtposition 35 and thus symmetrical to Einrichtachse E. Figure 14a shows the pivoting over the adjustment axis V _! the adjusting device 32. The pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 was carried out starting from the setup position 35, where the photovoltaic unit 2 has an ideal elevation h _min (Figure 14b). After the maximum pivoting, the photovoltaic unit 2 has the end position 36 with maximum elevation h _max . The side edge 45 of the photovoltaic unit 2 is in the end position 36 substantially parallel to the horizontal plane.

FIG. 14 c shows a pivoting over the adjustment axis V ₂ (not shown), the photovoltaic unit 2 having the maximum elevation h _max in the end position 46. The side edge 45 'of the photovoltaic unit 2 is substantially parallel to the horizontal plane.

Pivoting over the adjustment axis Vi (to the west FIG. 14a):

Starting from the setup position 35 (FIG. 14b), in which the photovoltaic unit 2 is in the position in which it has the ideal elevation h _min , the photovoltaic unit 2 is moved about the adjustment axis V _! pivoted.

The value of the angle EP ^ depends, among other things, on the following factors:

The size and shape of the photovoltaic unit 2, the distance of the pivot points on the adjustment axis V from the ground and how far the pivot points of the adjustment axis Vi from the edges 45 of the photovoltaic unit 2 and the center are spaced.

The closer a pivot point of the adjustment axis V, to the side edge 45, 45 'toward the photovoltaic unit 2 is arranged, the less a tilted photovoltaic unit 2 approaches the ground at this point, the further away a pivot point of the adjustment axis VT from the edge 45 the photovoltaic unit 2 is gone, the more a tilted photovoltaic unit 2 approaches this point. Assuming that one achieves an end position 36 with the photovoltaic unit 2 with a maximum achievable pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that while the ground-level side 45 of the photovoltaic unit 2 substantially parallel to Floor runs and has a preferred distance of about half a meter to the ground while doing. This would result from the dimensions of the photovoltaic unit 2 and the planned maximum elevation h _max (which is achieved in the end position 36), the pivot points for the adjustment axis VT of the support structure 4 and the adjusting device 32. From these points, then the angle EPi (angle between projection of the adjustment axis V _! Level and the Einrichtachse E).

An illustrative example: At a desired height of 1 m (and also planned pivot point of the photovoltaic unit 2 at the same height) of the post 5 and a planned height of the side edge 45, 45 'of the photovoltaic unit 2 at maximum tilted state above the ground of Half a meter is a pivot point of the adjustment axis Vi about half a meter within the side edge 45 of the photovoltaic unit 2 to be arranged. The second pivot point on the adjustment axis V is closer to the center (preferably in the region of the center) to be arranged on the opposite to the uprights 5 raised post 6, whereby the effect comes about that the pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 on the pivot point on the post 5 causes a smaller Verschwenkweg the photovoltaic unit 2 relative to the ground and the pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 via the pivot point on the uprights 6 causes a larger Verschwenkweg, resulting in that the side edge 45 of the photovoltaic unit 2 different lengths paths in the direction Floor performs.

Thus, the advantage and the technical effect of this offset adjustment axis V _! clear. Due to the fact that the pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 about the adjustment axis Vi is not symmetrical, the desired effect occurs that the photovoltaic unit 2 - which has a slope (elevation h) and thus closer to the ground in one area - when pivoting in the area closer to the ground, it approaches the ground less than it would do when pivoting about an adjustment axis along, parallel or near the setup axis E or the imaginary centerline M of the photovoltaic - Unit 2 would be (as in a photovoltaic system in which the adjustment axis would run along the carrier 10).

According to the prior art - transferred to this embodiment - the projected adjustment axis Pi would run in the Einrichtachse E and the same design of the heights of the uprights 5 and 6 would pivot the Photovoltaic unit 2 this already occur at a lower pivoting in the front area ground contact. Thus, in order to achieve the same elevation h, either the shape of the photovoltaic unit 2 in the front area would have to be changed (reduced), which would lead to a lower power output - or the stands 5 and 6 would have to be made higher, which would be the photovoltaic - make plant more vulnerable to environmental impact (storm).

Pivoting over the adjustment axis V ₂ (to the east, FIG. 14c):

In order to achieve a preferred manner of pivoting in this way to the east, a second adjustment axis V _{2 is} provided, which is preferably arranged in mirror image. The pivoting about the adjustment axis V ₂ is analogous to the same as described in the adjustment and with the same reason the same effects. Figure 15 shows the schematic representation of a photovoltaic system 1 with a photovoltaic unit 2 and a support structure 4. The photovoltaic system 1 in this case has two adjusting devices 32 and 42, via which the photovoltaic unit 2 can be tilted. By adjusting device 32, the adjustment axis Vi is formed. By adjusting device 42, the adjustment axis V _{2 is} formed. These adjusting axes Vi and V ₂ each form an angle ω, α ₂ to an imaginary central axis M of the photovoltaic unit 2. The photovoltaic unit 2 is in this embodiment in its set-up position 35, which is given when the photovoltaic Unit 2 has the ideal elevation h _min with respect to the sun. Normally, as shown in this example, the photovoltaic system 1 is in the set-up position 35, which is to be regarded as a basic position and is normally chosen so that it is present when the photovoltaic system 1 in the north-south direction , strictly speaking, the photovoltaic unit 2, is aligned, it has an azimuth a = 0 (as defined). The side edges 45, 45 'of the photovoltaic unit 2 are inclined at an angle of elevation h _min to the horizontal plane.

A pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 via the adjustment axis Vi causes, as shown in this example, a pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 after West (see Figure 16). A pivoting about the adjustment axis V ₂ causes a pivoting of the photovoltaic unit 2 to the east (see Figure 17).

FIG. 16 shows a photovoltaic system 1 in which the photovoltaic unit 2 is in its end position 36. It has reached this end position 36 by pivoting about the adjustment axis V of the adjusting device 32 to the west. In this position, the photovoltaic unit 2, the maximum elevation h _max and a maximum positive azimuth a. Due to the fact that the adjustment axis V _{t is} not parallel to or in the imaginary center axis M of the photovoltaic unit 2 but forms an angle αι with this, the pivoting takes place in the rear region, on the uprights 6, in a much greater extent than in the front region, via the upright 5. As a result, the photovoltaic unit 2 now has a side edge 45 in its end position 36, which runs essentially parallel to the horizontal plane.

FIG. 17 shows a photovoltaic system 1, in which the photovoltaic unit 2 was pivoted to the east via the adjustment axis V ₂ of the adjusting device 42. The photovoltaic unit 2 is here now in its final position 46, in which it has the maximum elevation h _ma x and a maximum negative azimuth -a. Due to the fact that the adjustment axis V _{2 is} not parallel to or in the imaginary center axis M of the photovoltaic unit 2 but forms an angle a ₂ with this, the pivoting takes place in the rear region, via the uprights 6, in a much greater extent As a result, the photovoltaic unit 2 now has, in its end position 46, a side edge 45 'that runs essentially parallel to the horizontal plane.

FIG. 18 a shows the carrying part 30, which has fixing points for the preferably flat-shaped photovoltaic unit 2 (not shown). A part of the adjusting device 32, which is located on the uprights 5, here has a coupling element 40 of the coupling device 41. The support member 30 has a coupling element 39 of the coupling device 41. The two coupling elements 39 and 40 are in this case a connection and are locked by the locking device 43 and thus can not be separated. They can, however, be twisted together, so that Pivoting over the adjusting device 32 and over the two

Coupling elements 39 and 40 take place. At the other end of the support member 30, the coupling element 49 is arranged, which is not coupled with the coupling element 50 of the post 5 at this time (not shown).

In Figure 18b, the adjustment for the adjusting device 42 is shown, wherein the two coupling elements 49 and 50 of the coupling device 41 are in communication and have been locked by the locking device 43. At the other end of the support member 30, the coupling element 39 is arranged, it can be seen that at this time, the locking device 43 does not project into the region of the coupling element 39.

The locking by the locking device 43 always takes place only on one side of the support part, that is, it can always be done only pivoting about the adjusting device 32 or via the adjusting device 42.

FIGS. 19a to 19c show a 3D spherical plain bearing by means of which the carrier 10 and thus the photovoltaic unit 2 (not shown) can be pivoted by means of the adjusting devices 32 and 42.

This three-dimensionally pivotable, maintenance-free bearing is used for the positive reception of the carrier 10, which is tracked as a support part of the photovoltaic unit 2 in accordance with the Sonnenlaufbahn in different positions. In this embodiment, the bearing 34 is made of hot-dip galvanized, welded and bolted steel parts and is guided by sintered bronze bushings and POM plastics in conjunction with stainless steel bolts. At the first axis of rotation of the carrier 10 is positively received by four bearing shells of POM and rotatably mounted. The occurring axial forces are absorbed by a flange welded to the carrier 10 and between carrier 10 and bearing 34 arranged POM discs. The 3D spherical plain bearing 34 is in two parts and is screwed for mounting on the carrier 10 and inserted the bearing shells. At the second axis of rotation, the pivoting movement takes place via two flange bushes made of sintered bronze. The flanged bushes are pressed into the welded bearing blocks and the 3D spherical plain bearing 34 is received by stainless steel bolts and washers with sufficient axial play.

The rotation of the third axis via a guide pin made of stainless steel at the same time as a connection between 3D bearing 34 and support structure 4 (here the uprights 6 of the support structure 4) is used. As a sliding bearing act two POM discs, which are inserted between the flange plates of the 3D bearing 34 and the uprights 6.

Although the invention has been described concretely with reference to the illustrated embodiment, it goes without saying that the subject of the application is not limited to this embodiment. Rather, it goes without saying that measures and modifications that serve to implement the idea of the invention are quite conceivable and desirable. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 photovoltaic system

 2 photovoltaic unit

 3a, 3b photovoltaic panel

 4 carrying structure

 5, 6 stayer

 7 floor construction

 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d joints

 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, fasteners

 10 carriers

 11a, 11b side surfaces of the carrier 10th

 12 connection and control device

 13 inverters

 14a, 14b holding device

 15 stop element

 16 locking device folded

 17 locking device unfolded

 18 hole

 20 flat structure

 21 soil material

 22 Floor space of the floor construction 7

 23 base of the planar structure 20

 24a, 24b webs of the planar structure 20

 25 excavation pit

 30 carrying part

31 drive device 32, 42 adjusting device

 33 Drive of the drive device 31

 34 3D spherical plain bearings

 35 setup position

 36, 46 end position

 39, 40, 49, 50 coupling element

 41 coupling device

 43 locking device

 44 piston-cylinder unit of the drive 33 of the drive device 31st

 45, 45 'side edges of the photovoltaic unit 2

a azimuth

h elevation

hmin in relation to the sun ideal elevation

hma maximum elevation

_Vi, V ₂ adjustment axes

 E setup axis

Pi, P ₂ projected adjustment axes V _f V ₂ on the horizontal plane

 EPi angle setup axis E to projected adjustment axis Pi

EP ₂ angle setup axis E to projected adjustment axis P ₂

ι angle imaginary center axis of the photovoltaic unit 2 to the adjustment axis Vi a ₂ angle imaginary center axis of the photovoltaic unit 2 to the adjustment axis V _2nd

M imaginary center axis of the photovoltaic unit 2

n surface normal of the photovoltaic unit 2

n 'projected surface normal n of the photovoltaic unit 2 to the horizontal plane

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e Carrying structure (4) for a photovoltaic unit (2) of a stationary photovoltaic system (1), comprising:  a floor structure (7) which is at least partially burrowable in the ground,  - A digested in the ground flat structure (20), which is in the assembled state with the bottom structure (7) in such a connection that on the flat structure (20) by the load of the soil material (21) acting forces for secure anchoring of the floor construction ( 7) in the ground on the floor construction (7) are transferable, characterized in that the flat structure (20) is flexible. Carrying structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat structure (20) is water-permeable. Carrying structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flat structure (20) is at least partially, preferably substantially completely formed from a tensile strength in at least one direction, preferably in the longitudinal and transverse direction, material. Carrying structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flat structure (20) is at least partially, preferably formed substantially entirely of geosynthetics. Carrying structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flat structure (20) at least partially, preferably substantially completely formed from a Geoverbundstoff, wherein one of the composites is formed as a nonwoven fabric. 6. Tragekonstaiktion according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the floor construction (7) spans an imaginary standing surface (22) and the flat structure (20) has a base surface (23), characterized in that the base surface (23) of the planar structure (20) is larger than the base surface (22) of the floor construction (7). 7. support structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is formed collapsible and unfoldable. 8. support structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the flat structure (20) with the folded and / or with the unfolded support structure (4) is connected and / or that the flat structure (20) in the folded support structure (4) folded together is and spans when unfolding the support structure (4). 9. support structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flat structure (20) is integrally formed. 10. Support structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the flat structure (20) from at least two webs (24a, 24b) is formed. 11. support structure (4) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the support structure (4) attachment points for fixing a photovoltaic unit (2), characterized in that the support structure (4) is flat collapsible. 12. support structure (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, comprising:  a support member (30) having attachment points for a two-dimensionally formed photovoltaic unit (2),  at least one drive device (31) for the driven adjustment of the support part (30),  at least one uniaxial adjusting device (32), by means of which a photovoltaic unit (2) fastened to the support member (30) in azimuth (a) and elevation (h) about an adjustment axis (V ^ between a set-up position (35) and an end position (36 ) is adjustable, wherein the projection of the surface normal (s) of the photovoltaic unit (2) on the horizontal plane in the setup position (35) defines a Einrichtachse (E) and the projection of the adjustment axis (V)) projected onto the horizontal plane Adjusting axis (Pi) defined, characterized in that the projected adjustment axis (P ^ to Einrichtachse (E) an angle (EP ^ in the range of more than 5 degrees and less than 80 degrees, preferably in the range of more than 10 degrees and less than 60 degrees, forms. 13. A method for anchoring a support structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that  - excavated soil material (21) and thereby an excavation (25) is formed, and  - Optionally simultaneously or successively the sheet-like structure (20) and the bottom structure (7) is introduced into the excavation (25), and - The soil material (21) applied to the sheet-like structure (20) and the excavation (25) is filled. 14. A method for anchoring a support structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that  - excavated soil material (21) and thereby an excavation (25) is formed, and  - The sheet-like structure (20) is introduced into the excavation (25) and partially filled with soil material (21), and  - The bottom structure (7) in the excavation (25) above the sheet-like structure (20) and the filled soil material (21) is introduced, and  - The planar structure (20), preferably the ends of the sheet-like structure (20), with the bottom structure (7), preferably by overlapping, is associated, and  - With the soil material (21) the excavation (25) is filled. 15. Stationary photovoltaic system (1) with a support structure (4) according to one of claims 1 to 12. 16. Stationary photovoltaic system (1) constructed according to a method for anchoring the support structure (4) according to claim 13 or 14.