WO2011049599A1 - Turbocharged internal combustion/steam hybrid engine - Google Patents
Turbocharged internal combustion/steam hybrid engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011049599A1 WO2011049599A1 PCT/US2010/002474 US2010002474W WO2011049599A1 WO 2011049599 A1 WO2011049599 A1 WO 2011049599A1 US 2010002474 W US2010002474 W US 2010002474W WO 2011049599 A1 WO2011049599 A1 WO 2011049599A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinders
- steam
- heat recovery
- exhaust gas
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/06—Engines with prolonged expansion in compound cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/025—Adding water
- F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- FIG 1 -1 Schematic Diagram of Gas Steam flow. Showing the layout as a plan. The arrows indicate the flow of the fluids through the engine, whether exhaust gas E , exhaust/steam ES or exhaust/steam/water ESW. The air flow is designated by IA and coolant water CW. In the diagram the block is designated 1, cylinders are indicated by 2, intake valves as 3, exhaust valves as 4, fuel injectors as 5 , hot water injectors as 6, intake air as 7, turbine as 8, exhaust gas compressor as 9, holding chamber 10, heat exchanger 11, injection water tank 12,
- radiator/condenser 13 medium pressure pump 14, cooling fan 15, air intake compressor 16, water injectors in combustion cylinders 17, compressor cooling injector 18, coolant pump 19, coolant water heat exchanger 20.
- a drive shaft is shown through 8, 9 and 16. relief gate 21.
- Fig 2- 1 Shows the first stroke of the four stroke cycle.
- Fig 2-2 Shows the second stroke of the four stroke cycle.
- Fig 3 - 1 Shows the third stroke of a four stroke cycle.
- Fig 3-2 Shows the fourth stroke of a four stroke cycle
- Fig 1 -1 In the conventional compression ignition four cylinder in line engine block 1 shown, two cylinders would be combustion cylinders and two would be heat recovery steam cylinders. The combustion cylinders 2-5, would be 360 degrees out of phase with each other, and the heat recovery cylinders 2-6, 120 degrees out of phase with each other and 120 degrees out of phase with their adjoining combustion cylinder. This would produce six power strokes for every two revolutions of the engine, and an almost vibration free quiet smooth running engine.
- the camshaft of this engine has been modified so that both cylinders 2-5, operate as four stroke cylinders while the inner two 2-6, as two stroke cylinders with double camshaft lobes for each valve, intake and exhaust.
- Another modification to the camshaft makes the two center cylinder intake valves 3, to have a low lift and duration of lift.
- Combustion cylinders 2- 5 which operate on an Otto cycle have four strokes, intake, compression, combustion and exhaust and the camshaft moves the valves to accomplish this. These cylinders burn a hydrocarbon fuel and produce motive force, but they also release a considerable amount of high temperature reusable heat in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas from these cylinders exit into an insulated holding chamber.10.
- Heat recovery steam cylinders the inside the cylinders, 2-6, operate on a two stroke cycle and take the exhaust gases of the combustion cylinders from the holding chamber 10. This gas is then forced by the compressor 9 into the cylinder on the intake/power stroke, just after top dead center.
- the intake valve 3 with a lift of less than 40% of the normal, opens for less than one third of the downward stroke.
- electronically activated injectors force pressurized hot water and additives, into the cylinders This amount of water is proportional to the fuel supplied to the outside cylinders. This flashes to steam instantaneously and raises the pressure in the cylinder pushing the receding piston down. This early injection of water would have a secondary effect of cooling the intake valve.
- the gas/steam exhaust is then routed from the turbine through a heat exchanger 11 , in the pressurized insulated injection water storage tank 12, to again recover energy from the exhaust .
- the injected water should be well above boiling point and at a pressure that would allow injection into the cylinder.
- the temperature is further reduced and turns thi exhaust to water, saturated steam and exhaust gas.
- the remaining majority passes through the radiator/condenser 13, to be returned to water anc exhaust gas.
- water Like rainwater, particulate matter and carbon dioxide are absorbed into the steam and water which becomes a mild carbonic acid .
- the water is filtered and purified and then returned to the injection water storage tank through a medium pressure pump 14, or to electronically controlled injectors in the combustion cylinders 17 and in the exhaust gas compressor 18.
- injectors operated by the engine controller, only operate under high temperature conditions, as the combustion cylinder intake valve opens.
- the exhaust gas goes to atmosphere.
- the fan 15, is used to help cool the condenser and the engine block.
- the coolant water in the block is circulated in the coolant passageways, by a pump 19, pushed from the bottom of the combustion cylinders up to the cylinder head then through the head of the heat recovery steam cylinders and down to the bottom of the heat recovery steam cylinders.
- a separate line runs from the top of the combustion cylinders through the insulated injection water tank heat exchanger 20. and back to the bottom of the heat recovery cylinders. This to keep heat recovery cylinders and injection tank water at an elevated operating temperature.
- the air conditioning system To capture as much water vapor as possible in hot weather, the air conditioning system partially circulates through the condenser providing a cold surface to remove more moisture from the exhaust.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
An engine (Fig 1-1) comprising of multiple cylinders designated ( 2-5) for combustion cylinders and (2-6) for heat recovery steam cylinders, each cylinder having a piston connected to a common crankshaft. The combustion cylinders operate on a four stroke cycle and the heat recovery steam cylinders operate on a two stroke cycle. The exhaust gas from the combustion cylinders is pressurized by a compressor, driven by a turbine, before entry into the heat recovery steam cylinders. During the intake/expansion stroke of the heat recovery steam cylinders, as the intake valve closes, after top dead center, heated pressurized water is injected into the cylinder and spontaneously turns to steam driving the receding piston down. This heated exhaust gas and steam is expelled from the heat recovery steam cylinders to drive the turbine which in turn drives two compressors, one to compress the exhaust gas and one to compress the intake air.
Description
Turbocharged Internal Combustion/Steam Hybrid Engine DESCRIPTION OF SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 -1 Schematic Diagram of Gas Steam flow. Showing the layout as a plan. The arrows indicate the flow of the fluids through the engine, whether exhaust gas E , exhaust/steam ES or exhaust/steam/water ESW. The air flow is designated by IA and coolant water CW. In the diagram the block is designated 1, cylinders are indicated by 2, intake valves as 3, exhaust valves as 4, fuel injectors as 5 , hot water injectors as 6, intake air as 7, turbine as 8, exhaust gas compressor as 9, holding chamber 10, heat exchanger 11, injection water tank 12,
radiator/condenser 13, medium pressure pump 14, cooling fan 15, air intake compressor 16, water injectors in combustion cylinders 17, compressor cooling injector 18, coolant pump 19, coolant water heat exchanger 20. A drive shaft is shown through 8, 9 and 16. relief gate 21.
Fig 2- 1 Shows the first stroke of the four stroke cycle.
Fig 2-2 Shows the second stroke of the four stroke cycle.
Fig 3 - 1 Shows the third stroke of a four stroke cycle.
Fig 3-2 Shows the fourth stroke of a four stroke cycle
Turbocharged Internal Combustion/Steam Hybrid Engine
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Fig 1 -1 In the conventional compression ignition four cylinder in line engine block 1 shown, two cylinders would be combustion cylinders and two would be heat recovery steam cylinders. The combustion cylinders 2-5, would be 360 degrees out of phase with each other, and the heat recovery cylinders 2-6, 120 degrees out of phase with each other and 120 degrees out of phase with their adjoining combustion cylinder. This would produce six power strokes for every two revolutions of the engine, and an almost vibration free quiet smooth running engine.
The camshaft of this engine has been modified so that both cylinders 2-5, operate as four stroke cylinders while the inner two 2-6, as two stroke cylinders with double camshaft lobes for each valve, intake and exhaust. Another modification to the camshaft makes the two center cylinder intake valves 3, to have a low lift and duration of lift.
a) Combustion cylinders 2- 5, which operate on an Otto cycle have four strokes, intake, compression, combustion and exhaust and the camshaft moves the valves to accomplish this. These cylinders burn a hydrocarbon fuel and produce motive force, but they also release a considerable amount of high temperature reusable heat in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas from these cylinders exit into an insulated holding chamber.10.
b) Heat recovery steam cylinders, the inside the cylinders, 2-6, operate on a two stroke cycle and take the exhaust gases of the combustion cylinders from the holding chamber 10. This gas is then forced by the compressor 9 into the cylinder on the intake/power stroke, just after top dead center. The intake valve 3, with a lift of less than 40% of the normal, opens for less than one third of the downward stroke. Just as the intake valve 3 completely closes, electronically activated injectors force pressurized hot water and additives, into the cylinders This amount of water is proportional to the fuel supplied to the outside cylinders. This flashes to steam instantaneously and raises the pressure in the cylinder pushing the receding piston down. This early injection of water would have a secondary effect of cooling the intake valve. Under low to medium load, on the way down and near the bottom of the stroke the mixture of steam and gas extracts heat from the cylinder walls and coolant. At bottom dead center of the heat recover steam cylinders the exhaust valve 4, opens and the gas steam is passed through the exhaust ports as the piston rises.
c) Fig 1-1. On leaving the heat recovery steam cylinders, this large volume of high velocity
gas/steam exhaust is routed to drive a turbine 8, which uses the energy recovered to drive compressors 9 and 16. This compressor 9 is connected to the combustion cylinders exhaust gas holding chamber 10, and in turn pressurizes the exhaust gas as it leaves the holding chamber 10 and forces it into the heat recovery steam cylinders
d) The gas/steam exhaust is then routed from the turbine through a heat exchanger 11 , in the pressurized insulated injection water storage tank 12, to again recover energy from the exhaust . The injected water should be well above boiling point and at a pressure that would allow injection into the cylinder. In the heat exchanger the temperature is further reduced and turns thi exhaust to water, saturated steam and exhaust gas.
e) In this system, under heavy load, some of the exhaust gas and steam is re-circulated by addii it to the intake of the compressor 16 and mixed with the intake air before entry into the combustion chamber to lower combustion temperatures and NOX emissions.
f The remaining majority passes through the radiator/condenser 13, to be returned to water anc exhaust gas. Like rainwater, particulate matter and carbon dioxide are absorbed into the steam and water which becomes a mild carbonic acid . The water is filtered and purified and then returned to the injection water storage tank through a medium pressure pump 14, or to electronically controlled injectors in the combustion cylinders 17 and in the exhaust gas compressor 18. These injectors, operated by the engine controller, only operate under high temperature conditions, as the combustion cylinder intake valve opens. The exhaust gas goes to atmosphere. The fan 15, is used to help cool the condenser and the engine block.
g) The coolant water in the block is circulated in the coolant passageways, by a pump 19, pushed from the bottom of the combustion cylinders up to the cylinder head then through the head of the heat recovery steam cylinders and down to the bottom of the heat recovery steam cylinders. A separate line runs from the top of the combustion cylinders through the insulated injection water tank heat exchanger 20. and back to the bottom of the heat recovery cylinders. This to keep heat recovery cylinders and injection tank water at an elevated operating temperature.
h) To capture as much water vapor as possible in hot weather, the air conditioning system partially circulates through the condenser providing a cold surface to remove more moisture from the exhaust.
i) At start up, some of the exhaust gas is directed from the exhaust gas compressor through the
gas/steam heat exchanger in the injection water tank to rapidly heat the water. Electrical wiring coils around the injection water lines are also used. These functions are monitored by the engine controller and ceased as soon as the water reaches operating temperature,
j) At high loads some of the gas and steam exhaust from the heat recovery steam cylinders bypasses the turbine through a electronically controlled relief gate 21 and goes directly to the heat exchanger. This controls the temperature of the compressed exhaust gas by lowering the rpm of the turbine.
Claims
What is claimed of this invention are as follows
1) a) A combined internal combustion and steam engine of multiple equal size cylinders comprising of combustion and single heat recovery steam cylinders wherein the exhaust of gas and steam from the multiple heat recovery cylinders drive a turbine which in turn drives two compressors, the combustion exhaust gas compressor and the intake air compressor;
b) wherein a reciprocating piston in each cylinder, drive a common crankshaft and a means that allows the said combustion cylinders to operate in a four stroke cycle mode of operation with fuel injection into the port or the cylinder and ignition can be by either compression or electrical ignition in the power cylinder; with pressurized exhaust gas to improve compression ignition. c) The said heat recovery steam cylinders operate in a two stroke cycle mode of operation, the exhaust gas from the combustion cylinders, held in a holding chamber, is directed to the combustion gas compressor and forced under pressure into the heat recovery steam cylinders as the intake valve opens, and as the said valve closes electronically controlled injectors spray heated pressurized water, from the injection water holding tank, into the heat recovery steam cylinders, the said heated water spontaneously turns to steam driving the said piston down wherein the exhaust valve opens at the bottom of the stroke and the exhaust gas and steam released from the heat recovery cylinders is directed to drive a turbine.
d) wherein this turbine turn drives the said compressor that compressed the exhaust gas going into the heat recovery steam cylinder and the said compressor that boosts the pressure and temperature of the intake air.
2) An engine as in claim 1 , a)wherein the exhaust gas and steam of the heat recovery steam cylinders exit from the turbine into a heat exchanger located in the pressurized injection water storage tank to remove heat from the mixture and condense said gas and steam into gas, saturated steam and water thereby raising the temperature of the injection water therein, and
b) the saturated steam and water and exhaust gas are further reduced to exhaust gas and water and by passing them through a condenser/radiator with fan cooling, the exhaust gas is ventilated to atmosphere and the water purified and filtered and returned through a water pressure pump to the said pressurized injector water storage tank and to electronically controlled water injectors in the combustion cylinders these said injectors only function to control operating conditions.
3) As in claim 1, wherein in different engine configurations using this cycle the combustion cylinders can be either four stroke or two stroke and be natural, turbocharged or supercharged.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27927309P | 2009-10-19 | 2009-10-19 | |
| US61/279,273 | 2009-10-19 | ||
| US12/592,895 | 2009-12-04 | ||
| US12/592,895 US7793493B1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Turbocharged internal combustion/steam hybrid engine |
| US80458710A | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | |
| US12/804,587 | 2010-07-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011049599A1 true WO2011049599A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
Family
ID=43900594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2010/002474 WO2011049599A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-09-10 | Turbocharged internal combustion/steam hybrid engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2011049599A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104033183A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-10 | 徐存然 | Cooling device for steam engine |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3708976A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1973-01-09 | M Berlyn | Generation of hot vapor |
| US4235077A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-11-25 | Bryant Clyde C | Combination engine |
| US4442673A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1984-04-17 | Juanita J. Haworth | Combination cycle, dual process engine |
| US5261238A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-11-16 | Olsen Leonard E | Internal combustion steam engine |
| US6672063B1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-01-06 | Richard Alan Proeschel | Reciprocating hot air bottom cycle engine |
| US7181913B1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2007-02-27 | Reed Jed A | Steam-generating drive system |
| US20080216480A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-11 | Harmon James V | Internal combustion engine with auxiliary steam power recovered from waste heat |
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 WO PCT/US2010/002474 patent/WO2011049599A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3708976A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1973-01-09 | M Berlyn | Generation of hot vapor |
| US4235077A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-11-25 | Bryant Clyde C | Combination engine |
| US4442673A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1984-04-17 | Juanita J. Haworth | Combination cycle, dual process engine |
| US5261238A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-11-16 | Olsen Leonard E | Internal combustion steam engine |
| US6672063B1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-01-06 | Richard Alan Proeschel | Reciprocating hot air bottom cycle engine |
| US7181913B1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2007-02-27 | Reed Jed A | Steam-generating drive system |
| US20080216480A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-11 | Harmon James V | Internal combustion engine with auxiliary steam power recovered from waste heat |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104033183A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-10 | 徐存然 | Cooling device for steam engine |
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