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WO2011047524A1 - 一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法 - Google Patents

一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011047524A1
WO2011047524A1 PCT/CN2010/000685 CN2010000685W WO2011047524A1 WO 2011047524 A1 WO2011047524 A1 WO 2011047524A1 CN 2010000685 W CN2010000685 W CN 2010000685W WO 2011047524 A1 WO2011047524 A1 WO 2011047524A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube blank
rolling
emulsion
roll
mill
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/000685
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王永如
吴朋越
洪夑平
李红卫
周洪雷
黄绍辉
谢水生
Original Assignee
宁波金田铜管有限公司
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Application filed by 宁波金田铜管有限公司 filed Critical 宁波金田铜管有限公司
Publication of WO2011047524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011047524A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B25/00—Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00; Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs
    • B21B25/04—Cooling or lubricating mandrels during operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
    • B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
    • B21B19/06—Rolling hollow basic material, e.g. Assel mills

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-roll planetary rolling method for rolling a brass tube. Background technique
  • the addition of aluminum to the brass significantly reduces the ⁇ phase region.
  • the ⁇ phase appears, which increases the strength and hardness of the alloy, 'but greatly reduces the plasticity of the alloy; contains 22% ⁇ 24% ⁇ , 1.0% ⁇ 3.0% ⁇ 1 HA177-2 aluminum brass has good processing properties, casting properties and high mechanical properties, as well as good thermal processing properties.
  • HA177-2 aluminum brass has extremely low plasticity at 400 ° C ⁇ 600 ° C, and the elongation at 500 ° C is less than 10%, that is, there is a moderate temperature brittle zone. Therefore, as the rolling temperature rises and the deformation increases, the brass tube is easily cracked during the planetary rolling process in the temperature range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C, that is, there is a "medium temperature brittle zone".
  • the temperature gradually rises from the initial room temperature to the final rolling temperature of about 750 ,.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rolling brass which can avoid the medium temperature brittle zone and can roll the brass tube with good quality in the process of rolling the brass tube in view of the above state of the art.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:
  • the three-roller planetary rolling method of the rolled brass tube is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the single side gap L between the mandrel and the inner wall of the tube blank is not more than 2.5 mm;
  • the tube blank Before the tube blank is rolled by the three-roller planetary machine, the tube blank is preheated to 100-50 (TC, and then the preheated tube blank is sent to the roll of the three-roll planetary rolling mill for rolling;
  • the emulsion is sprayed on the roll during rolling.
  • the spray strength of the emulsion is 0.025 ⁇ 0.045 MPa, and the emulsion is prevented from flowing back by purging by a purging device installed at the entrance of the three-roll planetary mill.
  • the billet is not in contact with the emulsion before entering the rolling zone; e.
  • the pipe rolled from the roll exit of the three-roller planetary mill is drawn into a finished product by drawing.
  • the method for preheating the tube blank may be selected as follows: a copper tube blank is placed at the front end of the tube blank, and the three-roller "plane rolling mill first rolls the copper tube blank to heat the generated heat to the subsequent rolling. Tube blank, or directly heated by heating device; '
  • the purge gas used in the purging device is preferably nitrogen; the purging device is introduced into the nitrogen through the inlet, and then ejected through the annular spout on the purging device to blow the emulsion flowing back along the blank
  • the tube blank can be selected to be fixed to the bracket in the working cover of the three-roll planetary mill.
  • the taper surface may have a taper angle a of 8 ⁇ 16°.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial view of the tube blank of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion I in Fig. 2. detailed description
  • this embodiment is a three-roll planetary rolling process for rolling a brass tube, comprising the following steps: a, forming a head of the tube blank 1 into a tapered surface 11;
  • the taper angle a is selected to be 8 to 16°, and this embodiment is preferably 12°.
  • the one-side gap L between the mandrel 7 and the inner wall of the tube blank 1 is not more than 2.5 mm.
  • the method for preheating the tube blank 1 can be selected as follows: the first way is to directly heat by using an external heating device; the second way is to place a piece of copper tube blank at the front end of the tube blank, and the three-roller planetary rolling mill first rolls the purple The copper tube blank preheats the heat generated by it to the subsequent tube blank.
  • the emulsion 51 is a well-known product, and is a high quality emulsified cutting oil of the type NJG/W201, China Petrochemical Production and production of the company is located at No. 6, Anningzhuang West Road, Haidian District, Beijing.
  • the spray strength of the emulsion 51 is 0.025 to 0.045 MPa, and is purged by the purging device 2 provided at the roll inlet 31 of the three-roll planetary mill to prevent the emulsion 51 from flowing back, so that the tube blank 1 before entering the rolling zone Not contacting the emulsion;
  • the purge gas used in the purge device 2 is nitrogen gas 22, and the nitrogen gas 22 enters the purge device 2 from the inlet 21 of the purge device and is then ejected through the annular nozzle on the purge device 2,
  • the emulsion 51 flowing back along the tube blank is blown off the tube blank.
  • the purging device 2 is fixed to the bracket 6 in the work cover 3 of the three-roll planetary rolling mill.
  • the emulsion 51 is ejected through a spray ring 5 disposed at the opposite end of the roll 4 exit of the three-roller planetary mill, and the inner diameter of the spray ring 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the finished pipe body.
  • the pipe rolled out from the exit of the roll 4 of the three-roller planetary mill is an intermediate product, which is transformed into a finished product by subsequent drawing.
  • the tube blank can be preheated before rolling, so that the initial temperature of the rolled tube blank is between 100 °C and 500 °C.
  • the preheating of the billet can be carried out in the following manner -
  • the first way is to use an external heating device to directly heat;
  • the second way is to place a piece of copper tube blank at the front end of the tube blank, and the three-roller planetary rolling mill first rolls the copper tube blank to preheat the heat generated by the rolling Tube blank.
  • the processing volume of the blank during the working process is between 85% and 95%; as the processing rate of the blank decreases, the wall thickness of the blank decreases, and the rolling zone
  • the metal temperature tends to be more uniform, so that the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the tube blank is reduced, and the deformation of the tube blank tends to be more continuous, resulting in a lower probability of cracking of the tube blank.
  • the spray strength of the emulsion is 0.025MPa ⁇ 0.045 MPa.
  • the spray cooling of the emulsion has a great relationship with the temperature of the tube blank. The larger the spray strength, the lower the temperature of the tube blank; on the contrary, the smaller the spray strength, the smaller the spray strength The higher the temperature.
  • the spray strength of the emulsion is smaller at the beginning of rolling; in the rolling stabilization stage, different billets and different tooling will be used according to different process conditions. The influence of the rolling temperature of the tube blank is affected. Therefore, in order to properly control the rolling temperature, it is necessary to adjust the spray strength of the emulsion according to different conditions to be in the range of 0.025 MPa to 0.045 MPa.
  • the shape of the inlet end of the tube blank is tapered.
  • the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the tube blank is large in the initial stage of the deformation process, and the inner and outer wall metals are relatively slipped during the rolling process, resulting in the inner and outer wall metal.
  • the deformation is discontinuous, resulting in splitting of the tube blank during its deformation.
  • the front end chamfer of the tube blank can be tapered, and the front end of the tube blank is tapered to reduce the wall thickness of the tube blank, so that the temperature difference between the inner and outer wall metal is relatively reduced, so that the metal During the deformation process, the temperature of the inner and outer walls tends to be uniform, thereby ensuring the continuity of the deformation of the inner and outer walls, thereby reducing the possibility of cracking of the tube blank during the rolling process.
  • the gap between the mandrel and the inner diameter of the tube blank is not more than 2.5mm. Therefore, the temperature of the inner and outer walls of the tube blank tends to be more uniform, because the end portion of the tube blank is swayed due to the unbalance of the rolling during the rolling process, so that the inner wall of the tube blank is in contact with the mandrel to make the temperature thereof. The outer wall of the tube blank is pressed by the roll and the temperature rises rapidly.
  • the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the tube blank is significantly reduced, which is beneficial to eliminate the relative sliding of the inner and outer wall metal of the tube blank during the rolling process, effectively preventing the Cracking of the tube blank during the rolling process, the single-edge gap L of the inner diameter of the mandrel and the tube blank during the planetary rolling process needs to be well controlled, and L is preferably not more than 2.5 mm during the rolling process.
  • the roll rotates (revolves) around the rolling center line while rotating (rotating) about its own axis.
  • the slab i.e., the aluminum brass tube
  • bites the tube blank i.e., the aluminum brass tube
  • the outlet pipe can be prevented from rotating.
  • the revolution speed is first raised to the working speed, and then the roll rotation speed is increased by a certain value. After the pipe is rolled out, the rotation direction is regarded, and then adjusted. The speed of the tube does not rotate), thereby enabling online winding of the pipe.
  • the method of the invention adopts the following steps: forming a head of the tube blank into a tapered surface; selecting a mandrel, the single side gap L between the mandrel and the inner wall of the tube blank is not more than 2.5 mm; Preheat the tube blank to 100 ⁇ 500 °C before, then The preheated tube blank is sent to a three-roll planetary rolling mill for rolling; the roll is subjected to emulsion spraying during the rolling process, and the emulsion has a spray strength of 0.025 to 0.045 MPa, and is set on a three-roll planetary rolling mill.
  • the purging device at the inlet is purged to prevent the emulsion from flowing back, so that the tube blank does not come into contact with the emulsion before entering the rolling zone; the pipe rolled from the roll exit of the three-roller planetary mill is an intermediate product, which is subsequently pulled The drawing process becomes a finished product.
  • the advantage of this method is that the brass tube blank is preheated before rolling, so that when the brass tube is rolled, the rolling temperature exceeds the "medium temperature brittle area" of 400 ° C ⁇ 600 ° C, that is, avoiding The medium temperature brittle zone is opened; and since the head of the tube blank is made into a tapered surface, the front end of the tube blank is tapered to reduce the wall thickness of the tube blank, so that the temperature difference between the inner and outer wall metals is relatively reduced.
  • the temperature of the inner and outer walls tends to be uniform during the deformation process of the metal, which ensures the continuity of the deformation of the inner and outer walls, thereby reducing the possibility of cracking of the tube blank during the rolling process; and, the single side of the inner wall of the mandrel and the tube blank
  • the gap L is not more than 2.5 mm, so that the temperature of the inner and outer walls of the tube blank tends to be more uniform, because the end portion of the tube blank is shaken due to the unbalance of the rolling during the rolling process, so that the inner wall of the tube blank and the core
  • the contact of the rod causes the temperature to rise; the outer wall of the tube blank is pressed by the roll, and the temperature rises rapidly, so the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the tube blank is significantly reduced, which is beneficial to eliminate the relative internal and external metal of the tube blank during the rolling process.
  • the tube blank is cracked. Further, during the rolling process, the roll is sprayed with an emulsion.
  • the spray strength of the emulsion is 0.025 ⁇ 0.045 MPa, which can be beneficial to control the rolling temperature of the rolled tube blank;
  • the device uses nitrogen gas to be sprayed through the annular nozzle on the purging device, and the emulsion flowing back along the tube blank is blown away from the tube blank, and the tube blank after being purged by the purging device is not in contact with the emulsion before entering the rolling zone.
  • the temperature reduction is greatly reduced, the temperature of the tube blank before entering the rolling zone is increased, so that the temperature of the tube blank before entering the rolling zone is increased, and cracking during rolling is prevented.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Description

一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法。 背景技术
黄铜中加入铝显著缩小 α相区， 铝含量高时会出现 Υ相， 提高合金的强度与硬度， '但 大幅度降低合金的塑性； 含 22%~24%Ζη、 1.0%~3.0%Α1的 HA177-2铝黄铜既有良好的加工性 能、 铸造性能以及较高的力学性能， 同时也具有很好的热加工性能。
与紫铜相比， HA177-2铝黄铜在 400°C~600°C时塑性极低， 在 500 °C左右的伸长率小于 10%, 即存在中温脆性区。 因此， 随着轧制温度的升髙以及变形的加剧， 在 400°C~600°C的 温度范围内， 黄铜管在行星轧制过程中容易开裂， 即存在 "中温脆性区"。
铜管的行星轧制过程中温度逐渐升高， 从最初的室温达到终轧时温度为 750Ό左右， 要 想解决黄铜行星轧制过程中管坯开裂的问题， 就需要在轧制的过程中避开其"中温脆性区"。 避开黄铜"中温脆性区"的方法有两种： 一是， 在黄铜管三辊行星轧制过程中对管坯进行冷 却， 使其轧制温度始终处于 200°C以下。 但是在一个被高速旋转的轧辊包围下且相对较短的 轧制区内， 同时又在较高的轧制速度下 (出口速度 15m/min)要实现大幅度降温 (从 750°C降至 200°C以下)显然不太现实； 即便实现了大幅度的降温， 由于在温度较低的情况下铝黄铜的变 形抗力较高， 对轧机的力能参数提出了更高的要求； 二是， 在管坯进入轧制区之前对其进行 加热， 使其温度超过黄铜的 "中温脆性区"， 从而解决管坯轧制幵裂的问题。 但迄今为止， 还 没有一种能在轧制过程中控制管坯温度从而解决黄铜管轧制开裂、 实 现黄铜管的三辊行星 轧制的技术。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术现状而提供一种轧制黄铜管过程中能避 开中温脆性区、 同时能实现轧制具有良好品质黄铜管的一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方 法。
发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为： 本轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特 征在于包括以下步骤：
a、 将管坯的头部制成锥面；
b、 选择芯棒， 该芯棒与管坯内壁的单边间隙 L不大于 2.5mm;
c、 在三辊行星机轧制管坯前， 先将管坯预热至 100-50(TC， 然后将预热后的管坯送入三 辊行星轧机的轧辊进行轧制；
d、 在轧制时对轧辊进行乳化液喷淋， 乳化液的喷淋强度为 0.025〜0.045 MPa， 并通过设 置于三辊行星轧机入口处的吹扫装置吹扫而防止乳化液回流， 使管坯在进入轧制区之前不与 乳化液接触； e、 从三辊行星轧机的轧辊出口处轧出的管材通过拉拔加工成成品。
作为改进， 所述管坯预热的方式可选择为： 在管坯的前端放置一段紫铜管坯， 三辊" "行星 轧机先轧制紫铜管坯将产生的热量预热轧制后续的管坯， 或采用加热装置直接加热；'
作为改进， 所述吹扫装置所用的吹扫气体优选为氮气； 所述吹扫装置通过进口通入氮 气， 然后通过吹扫装置上的环状喷口喷出， 将沿管坯倒流的乳化液吹离管坯； 所述吹扫装置 可选择固定于三辊行星轧机工作罩内的支架上。
再改进， 所述锥面其锥角 a可选择为 8~16° 。
附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例的结构示意图；
图 2是图 1中沿 A-A线的剖视图；
图 3是图 1中管坯头的部视图； .
图 4是图 2中 I部的放大图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图 1至图 4所示， 本实施例为轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制工艺， 包括以下步骤- a、 将管坯 1的头部制成锥面 11 ; 该锥面 11的锥角 a选择为 8~16° ， 本实施例优选为 12° 。
b、 选择芯棒 7， 该芯棒 7与管坯 1内壁的单边间隙 L不大于 2.5mm。
c、 在三辊行星轧机轧制管坯 1前， 先将管坯 1预热至 100 500度。 所述管坯 1预热的方 法可选择为： 第一种方式是采用外部加热装置直接加热； 第二种方式是在管坯的前端放置一 段紫铜管坯， 三辊行星轧机先轧制紫铜管坯将其产生的热量预热轧制后续的管坯。
d、 在三辊行星轧机轧制管坯 1时对轧辊 4进行乳化液 51喷淋， 该乳化液 51为一种公知 产品， 是一种型号为 NJG/W201的优质乳化切削油， 中国石油化工股份有限公司生产， 生产 点在北京市海淀区安宁庄西路 6号。 乳化液 51的喷淋强度为 0.025~0.045 MPa， 并通过设置 于三辊行星轧机的轧辊入口 31处的吹扫装置 2吹扫而防止乳化液 51回流， 使管坯 1在进入 轧制区之前不与乳化液接触； 该吹扫装置 2所用的吹扫气体为氮气 22， 氮气 22从吹扫装置 的进口 21进入吹扫装置 2， 然后通过吹扫装置 2上的环状喷口喷出， 将沿管坯倒流的乳化液 51吹离管坯。 该吹扫装置 2固定于三辊行星轧机的工作罩 3内的支架 6上。 而乳化液 51通 过设置于三辊行星轧机的轧辊 4出口正对处的喷淋环 5中喷出， 该喷淋环 5的内径大于成品 管体的外径。
e、 从三辊行星轧机的轧辊 4 出口处轧出的管材为中间产品， 通过后续的拉拔加工变为 成品
以下对本发明作进一步说明；
1、 为了避开黄铜行星轧制过程中的 "中温脆性区"， 可以在轧制之前对管坯进行预热， 使轧制管坯的初始温度在 100°C~500°C。
管坯的预热可以采用以下方式- 第一种方式是采用外部加热装置直接加热； 第二种方式是在管坯的前端放置一段紫铜管 坯， 三辊行星轧机先轧制紫铜管坯将其产生的热量预热轧制后续的管坯。
2、 合理的控制管坯的加工量， 工作过程中管坯的加工量在 85%~95%之间； 随着管坯加 工率的降低， 管坯的壁厚减小， 轧制区内的金属温度更容易趋于均匀化， 因此管坯内外壁的 温差减小， 管坯的变形更容易趋于连续化， 从而导致管坯开裂的几率降低。
3、 在工作罩内加一吹扫装置防止乳化液回流， 提高进入轧制区之前管坯的温度。 吹扫 装置通过进口通入氮气， 然后通过吹扫装置上的喷口环状喷出， 将沿管坯倒流的乳化液吹离 管坯， 不至于使乳化液经过工作罩的入口流出工作罩， 吹扫装置靠支架固定在工作罩内。 经 吹扫装置吹扫后的管坯在进入轧制区之前不与乳化液接触， 大大减少了其温度降低， 从而使 进入轧制区之前管坯的温度增加。
4、 乳化液的喷淋强度 0.025MPa~0.045 MPa。 在行星轧制过程中， 乳化液的对轧辊的喷 淋冷却与管坯的温度有很大的关系， 喷淋强度越大， 管坯的温度降低； 相反， 喷淋强度越 小， 管坯的温度越高。 为了提高轧制管坯的初始温度， 在轧制开始阶段乳化液的喷淋强度要 小一些； 在轧制稳定阶段， 根据不同的工艺条件， 不同的管坯， 以及釆用不同的工模具会对 管坯的轧制温度产生影响， 因此为了合理控制轧制温度， 需要根据不同的条件合理的调节乳 化液的喷淋强度范围在 0.025MPa~0.045 MPa。
5、 管坯入口端形状做成锥形。 在铝黄铜行星轧制过程中， 由于其本身的热传导系数较 低， 导致变形过程的初始阶段管坯内外壁的温差较大， 轧制过程中内外壁金属产生相对的滑 动， 致使内外壁金属的变形不连续， 从而导致其变形过程中管坯幵裂。 为了避免这种情况， 可以将管坯前端倒角做成锥形， 管坯的前端做成锥形相当于减少管坯的壁厚， 这样内外壁金 属的温度差就会相对减小， 使金属在变形过程中内外壁的温度趋于均匀化， 从而保证了内外 壁变形的连续性， 从而降低了轧制过程中管坯开裂的可能性。
6、 芯棒与管坯内径的间隙单边不大于 2.5mm。 这样管坯内外壁的温度更容易趋于均匀, 化， 这是因为在轧制过程中由于轧制的不平衡导致管坯端部产生晃动， 从而使管坯内壁与芯 棒接触， 使其温度升高； 管坯的外壁受到轧辊的碾压同样温度升高很快， 因此管坯内外壁的 温差显著降低， 有利于消除管坯内外壁金属在轧制过程中的相对滑动， 有效地防止了轧制过 程中管坯的开裂， 行星轧制过程中芯棒与管坯内径的单边间隙 L需要很好的控制， 轧制过程 中 L取不大于 2.5mm为佳。
三辊行星轧辊的工作原理如下：
轧辊在绕自身轴线转动（自转)的同时， 也绕轧制中心线转动 (公转)。 铸坯 (即铝黄铜管)在 推料小车和轧辊自转的联合作用下将管坯 (即铝黄铜管)咬入并通过锥形轧制变形区。 调节轧 辊公转速度， 可以使出口管材不发生旋转 (在实际操作过程中， 先将公转速度升至工作速 度， 再把轧辊自转速度升值一定值， 待管材轧出后视其旋转方向， 然后再调整其速度使管材 不旋转)， 从而可实现管材的在线收卷。 工业上应用
与现有技术相比， 本发明的方法采用以下步骤： 将管坯的头部制成锥面； 选择芯棒， 该 芯棒与管坯内壁的单边间隙 L不大于 2.5mm; 在轧制之前先将管坯预热至 100~500°C， 然后 将预热后的管坯送入三辊行星轧机进行轧制； 在轧制过程中对轧辊进行乳化液喷淋， 乳化液 的喷淋强度为 0.025~0.045 MPa, 并通过设置于三辊行星轧机入口处的吹扫装置吹扫而防止 乳化液回流， 使管坯在进入轧制区之前不与乳化液接触； 从三辊行星轧机的轧辊出口处轧出 的管材为中间产品， 通过后续的拉拔加工变为成品。 这种方法的优点在于黄铜管坯在轧制之 前进行预热， 这样在轧制黄铜管时， 其轧制温度超过了其 400°C~600°C的"中温脆性区"， 即 避开了中温脆性区； 又由于将管坯的头部制成锥面， 管坯的前端做成锥形相当于减少了管坯 的壁厚， 这样内外壁金属的温度差就会相对减小， 使金属在变形过程中内外壁的温度趋于均 匀化， 保证了内外壁变形的连续性， 从而降低了轧制过程中管坯开裂的可能性； 还有， 芯棒 与管坯内壁的单边间隙 L不大于 2.5mm， 这样管坯内外壁的温度更容易趋于均匀化， 这是因 为在轧制过程中由于轧制的不平衡导致管坯端部产生晃动， 从而使管坯内壁与芯棒接触， 使 其温度升高； 管坯的外壁受到轧辊的碾压同样温度升高很快， 因此管坯内外壁的温差显著降 低， 有利于消除管坯内外壁金属在轧制过程中的相对滑动， 有效地防止了轧制过程中管坯的 开裂， 再有， 在轧制过程中对轧辊进行乳化液喷淋， 乳化液的喷淋强度为 0.025~0.045 MPa, 能有利于控制轧制管坯的轧制温度； 吹扫装置采用氮气， 通过吹扫装置上的环状喷口 喷出， 将沿管坯倒流的乳化液吹离管坯， 经吹扫装置吹扫后的管坯在进入轧制区之前不与乳 化液接触， 大大减少了其温度的降低， 提高进入轧制区之前管坯的温度， 从而使进入轧制区 之前管坯的温度增加， 防止了其轧制过程中的开裂。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种轧制黄铜管的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于包括以下步骤：
a、 将管坯 (1)的头部制成锥面 (11);
b、 选择芯棒 (7)， 该芯棒 (7)与管坯 (1)内壁的单边间隙 L不大于 2.5mm;
c、 在三辊行星轧机轧制管坯 (1)前， 先将管坯 (1)预热至 100-500°C， 然后将预热后的管 坯 (1)送入三辊行星轧机的轧辊 (4)进行轧制；
d、 在轧制时对轧辊 (4)进行乳化液 (51)喷淋， 乳化液 (51)的喷淋强度为 0.025〜0.045 MPa, 并通过设置于三辊行星轧机入口 (31)处的吹扫装置 (2)吹扫而防止乳化液 (51)回流， 使 管坯 (1)在进入轧制区之前不与乳化液接触；
e、 从三辊行星轧机的轧辊 (4)出口处轧出的管材通过拉拔加工成成品。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于： 所述管坯 (1)预热的方式 是- 在管坯 (1)的前端放置一段紫铜管坯， 三辊行星轧机先轧制紫铜管坯将产生的热量预热 轧制后续的管坯 (1)， 或采用加热装置直接加热。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于： 所述吹扫装置 (2)所用的吹 扫气体为氮气 (22)。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于： 所述吹扫装置 (2)通过进口 (21)通入氮气 (22)， 然后通过吹扫装置 (2)上的环状喷口喷出， 将沿管坯倒流的乳化液 (51)吹 离管坯。
• 5、 根据权利要求 4所述的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于： 所述吹扫装置 (2)固定于三 辊行星轧机工作罩 (3)内的支架 (6)上。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5中任一权利要求所述的三辊行星轧制方法， 其特征在于： 所述锥 面 (11)其锥角 &为 8~16° 。
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