WO2010139426A1 - Solution comprising cellulose, process for preparation thereof and use thereof - Google Patents
Solution comprising cellulose, process for preparation thereof and use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010139426A1 WO2010139426A1 PCT/EP2010/003255 EP2010003255W WO2010139426A1 WO 2010139426 A1 WO2010139426 A1 WO 2010139426A1 EP 2010003255 W EP2010003255 W EP 2010003255W WO 2010139426 A1 WO2010139426 A1 WO 2010139426A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polar
- cellulose
- solution according
- ionic liquids
- ionic liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WCDDVEOXEIYWFB-VXORFPGASA-N (2s,3s,4r,5r,6r)-3-[(2s,3r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WCDDVEOXEIYWFB-VXORFPGASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940014041 hyaluronate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l2u0q Chemical compound Br[Br-]Br GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940050390 benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045110 chitosan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005188 collagen Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HFWIMJHBCIGYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoform Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)C#N HFWIMJHBCIGYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron piperazine Chemical compound [H+].C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007383 open-end spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine Chemical compound C1CNNC1 USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940068492 thiosalicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro phosphate Chemical compound FOP(=O)(OF)OF JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- LWAVGNJLLQSNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-azidobenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=[N+]=[N-])=CC=C1C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O LWAVGNJLLQSNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NDZFNTHGIIQMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class C=1C=CC=C[N+]=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDZFNTHGIIQMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPSDJOWGWWXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-benzylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=C[N+]=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GNPSDJOWGWWXSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XIYUIMLQTKODPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 XIYUIMLQTKODPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
- C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to solutions comprising cellulose and solvents, to processes for their preparation and to their use.
- cellulose is one of the largest natural organic chemicals in the world and therefore of great importance as a renewable raw material.
- Cellulose is a versatile raw material. Cellulose can be used unchanged or after physical or chemical treatment. For the last two cases, it is advantageous if cellulose is present in a melt or a solvent in as completely dissolved form as possible. However, cellulose is insoluble in most solvents. Therefore, as solvents for cellulose, the systems known in the literature inter alia as ionic liquid have been proposed.
- Ionic liquids are liquids that contain only ions. These are liquid salts without having to dissolve the salts in a solvent such as water. Ionic liquids are characterized by a number of interesting properties. They are mostly thermally stable, not flammable, often have a very low vapor pressure and have very good dissolving properties for many substances.
- US Pat. No. 1,943,176 describes the dissolution of cellulose into benzylpyridinium salts.
- Benzylpyridinium chloride is a salt which, even at comparatively low temperatures, is in molten form and thus as a liquid.
- the cellulose solution prepared in this way has a concentration of up to 11% by weight of cellulose.
- ionic liquids Due to the good solvent properties of ionic liquids, their use for dissolving cellulose is also proposed in WO 03/029329 A2. It is proposed therein that the ionic liquid should consist of cations having a quaternary ammonium ion, which should be quaternized by alkyl groups, especially methyl.
- the cellulose solution prepared in this way has a concentration of up to 25% by weight of cellulose.
- EP 0 356 419 B1 describes a continuous process for the preparation of moldable cellulose solutions. There will be a
- CMOS N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide
- the present invention has the object to provide a solution of dissolved cellulose, in particular thermoplastically processable cellulose, which shows improved properties, in particular allows a particularly high proportion of dissolved cellulose, and is suitable for multiple use. Furthermore, a particularly efficient and environmentally friendly method for the solution of cellulose should be specified.
- the solution comprises cellulose and a homogeneous mixture of at least two compatible or non-chemically reacting with each other ionic liquids, wherein at least one ionic liquid is polar or strongly polar having a melting point of greater than 90 0 C, in particular to 300 0 C, and wherein at least one further ionic liquid is less polar or non-polar with a melting point of equal to or lower than 90 ° C., in particular to minus 30 ° C.
- the weight ratio of the polar or strongly polar ionic liquid to the less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid is advantageously 1: 9 to 9: 1, more preferably 3: 7 to 1: 1.
- the viscosity of the at least two ionic liquids mixed with cellulose at the processing temperature in the range of 50 Pas to 30000 Pas, more preferably in the range of 100 Pas to 2900 Pas and most preferably in the range of 150 Pas to 1400 Pas.
- Polar ionic liquids provide a particularly good interaction between the cellulose and the ionic liquid. However, as the polarity increases, so does the melting point or viscosity of the ionic liquid. It follows that in strongly polar ionic liquids, although the cellulose can be dissolved particularly well, but that the solution is highly viscous. It has surprisingly been found that the particular combination of selected ionic liquids leads to a particularly low viscosity of the mixture with cellulose and thereby enables a particularly high concentration of cellulose.
- the solution of the invention contains cellulose with more than 1 wt .-% up to 50 wt .-%, preferably up to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution.
- a preferred combination of at least two ionic liquids comprises at least one polar or highly polar ionic liquid, preferably hard bases or hard bases as defined by RG Pearson (so-called HSAB concept, hard and soft acids and bases). having.
- Preferred anions in this regard are hydroxide, fluoride, chloride, acetate, carbonate, phosphate, trifluoroacetate and / or bicarbonate.
- the cationic component of the ionic liquid or of the salt preferably has short and / or small radicals, such as aliphatic radicals having two to six carbon atoms, in particular ethyl radicals.
- a preferred combination of at least two ionic liquids comprises at least one less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid having soft anions or soft bases as defined by R. G. Pearson (so-called HSAB concept, hard and soft acids and bases).
- the cationic component of the less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid or of the salt preferably has long and / or large radicals, such as aliphatic radicals having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms combined with aromatic or cyclic structures or alternatively only aliphatic radicals having from 6 to 25 ° C. -atoms.
- the cationic component of the polar and / or non-polar ionic liquid or salt ammonium, choline, guanidinium, imidazolium, phosphonium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, benzimidazolium, pyrazolidinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium , Pyrazimium-, piperazinium and / or sulfonium salts used.
- the polar ionic liquid used is preferably tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) and / or triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI).
- BMNCI tributylmethylammonium chloride
- EMNCI triethylmethylammonium chloride
- the less polar ionic liquid used is preferably 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) and / or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMCH 3 COO).
- EMIMCI 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- EMIMCH 3 COO 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- Preferred combinations of two ionic liquids are a mixture of tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) or of triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI)
- the solution preferably one or more additives are added, in particular low molecular weight compounds such as water and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), surfactants, synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers, for example on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyoxymethylene, polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as proteins, such as silk.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- surfactants synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers, for example on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyoxymethylene, polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as proteins, such as silk.
- synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers, for example on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyoxymethylene,
- polyvinylpyrrolidone polyvinylamine, chitosan, peptides, such as Collagen, polyhydroxy fatty acid, such as polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyglycolic acid, dextrins, polyvinylpyridine, polyhydroxyethylmethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, xanthan, lignin, dendrimers, pectin, agar, guar gum, hyaluronate, alginate, casein, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, dyes, active ingredients, in particular medicaments, antibacterial preparations, fertilizers, etc., flame retardants, foam additives and / or other biodegradable polymers, such as polycaprolactone and / or polylactide.
- polyhydroxy fatty acid such as polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyglycolic acid, dextrins
- polyvinylpyridine polyhydroxyethylmethylacrylate
- polyacrylamide polyacrylamide
- xanthan
- polyvinyl alcohol can improve water absorption compared to pure cellulose.
- Polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycol and water for example, reduce the surface tension or the viscosity of the melt, so that processing at lower temperatures makes it possible to protect the substances.
- the solution is low-viscosity, that is, wherein the solution at the processing temperature has a viscosity in the range of 50 Pas to 30000 Pas, preferably in the range of 100 Pas to 2900 Pas , more preferably in the range of 150 Pas to 1500 Pas.
- the method preferably comprises the steps of a) adding cellulose to a homogeneous mixture of at least two compatible or non-chemically reactive ionic liquids, wherein at least one ionic liquid is polar or strongly polar with a melting point of greater than 90 0 C, in particular bis 300 0 C, and wherein at least one further ionic liquid is less polar or nonpolar having a melting point of equal to or less than 90 0 C, in particular to minus 30 0 C, and b) mixing until the cellulose is completely dissolved.
- at least two ionic liquids having the properties mentioned and having particularly low processing temperatures, in particular for protecting the substances it is possible to achieve particularly high concentrations of cellulose, in particular due to the particularly low viscosity of the mixture. Due to the particular choice of ionic liquids, in particular with regard to their melting points, mixing ratios and / or their viscosity, the method according to the invention is particularly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, which, for example, also permits processing at particularly low pressure.
- cellulose is converted into xanthogenates or carbamates in many established processes, especially in the first step.
- the cellulose is not chemically altered, but merely dissolved.
- the inventive method is particularly simple and efficient.
- the present invention has also set itself the task of providing a solution of dissolved cellulose, which is suitable for multiple use.
- the inventive solution without chemical reaction from the melt use for thermoplastic processing, in particular at 25 0 C to 300 0 C, preferably at 100 0 C to 280 ° C, more preferably to 160 0 C, in particular to fibers, nonwovens, films, and / or other moldings, such as tablets.
- the solution according to the invention is preferably used for the production of raw materials, in particular fibers, nonwovens and / or sponges, for packaging, hygiene or household products, in particular cleaning utensils, and / or in the medical field, in particular for wound dressings. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention is preferably used for filters, films, insulating materials and / or carrier materials, in particular for catalysts, furniture, clothing, for example as intermediate lining or liner (interlinings), for sound and / or heat protection.
- a salt mixture of 70 wt .-% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) having a melting point of 87 ° C and 30 wt .-% tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) having a melting point of 110 0 C is mixed with cellulose and mixed homogeneously, wherein 80 wt .-% of ionic Liquids and 20 wt .-% cellulose are used. At 85 ° C, this mixture has a viscosity of 280 Pas.
- the mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and BMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 130 0 C and processed into a molding, for example, to a tablet. Fibers and films are also made.
- EMIMCI 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid
- BMNCI tributylmethylammonium chloride
- the mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and BMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 16O 0 C and processed by means of a hot press to form a cellulose film. Fibers and tablets are also made.
- a salt mixture of 70% by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) having a melting point of 87 ° C. and 30% by weight of triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI) having a melting point of 282 ° C. is added with cellulose and mixed homogeneously, wherein 80 wt .-% of ionic liquids and 20 wt .-% cellulose are used. At 85 ° C, this mixture has a viscosity of 1006 Pas.
- the mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and EMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 120 0 C and processed by means of a hot press to form a cellulose film. Fibers and tablets are also made.
- the ionic liquids are finally completely washed out with water, which is confirmed by gravimetric investigations.
- Optional can be reduced as well as their thermal stability are improved by the addition of water as an additive, the melting point of the above-mentioned mixtures of cellulose and ionic liquid to about 110 ° C to 100 0 C.
- both low molecular weight compounds such as water and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), surfactants, as well as various synthetic polymers, such as, for example, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers (for example based on polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxymethylene), polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as, for example, protein, such as silk.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- surfactants as well as various synthetic polymers, such as, for example, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers (for example based on polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxymethylene), polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as, for example, protein, such as silk.
- additives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylamine, chitosan, collagen, pectin, agar, guar gum, hyaluronate, alginate, casein, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, dyes, active ingredients, in particular Medicines, antibacterial preparations, fertilizers, etc., flame retardants, foam additives and other biodegradable polymers, such as polycaprolactone and / or polylactide.
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Abstract
A solution of dissolved cellulose, especially of thermoplastically processable cellulose, needs to be provided, which exhibits improved properties, more particularly enables a particularly high proportion of dissolved cellulose, and can be prepared in a particularly simply and environmentally friendly manner. According to the invention, the solution for this purpose comprises cellulose and a homogeneous mixture of at least two ionic liquids which are mutually compatible or do not react chemically with one another, at least one ionic liquid being polar or strongly polar and having a melting point of greater than 90°C, especially up to 300°C, and at least one further ionic liquid being less polar or nonpolar and having a melting point of equal to or less than 90°C, especially down to minus 30°C.
Description
Lösung, umfassend Cellulose, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung Solution comprising cellulose, process for their preparation and their use
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Lösungen, umfassend Cellulose und Lösemittel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung.The present invention relates to solutions comprising cellulose and solvents, to processes for their preparation and to their use.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Cellulose ist auf der Erde mengenmäßig eine der größten natürlichen organischen Chemikalie und damit als nachwachsender Rohstoff von großer Bedeutung. Cellulose ist ein vielseitig verwendbarer Rohstoff. Cellulose kann unverändert oder nach physikalischer oder chemischer Behandlung eingesetzt werden. Für die letzten beiden Fälle ist dabei von Vorteil, wenn Cellulose in einer Schmelze oder einem Lösemittel in möglichst vollständig gelöster Form vorliegt. In den meisten Lösemitteln ist Cellulose jedoch unlöslich. Daher wurden als Lösemittel für Cellulose die in der Literatur unter anderem als ionische Flüssigkeit bekannten Systeme vorgeschlagen.In terms of quantity, cellulose is one of the largest natural organic chemicals in the world and therefore of great importance as a renewable raw material. Cellulose is a versatile raw material. Cellulose can be used unchanged or after physical or chemical treatment. For the last two cases, it is advantageous if cellulose is present in a melt or a solvent in as completely dissolved form as possible. However, cellulose is insoluble in most solvents. Therefore, as solvents for cellulose, the systems known in the literature inter alia as ionic liquid have been proposed.
Durch den Einsatz einer ionischen Flüssigkeit lassen sich Lösungen von Cellulose in technisch nutzbaren Konzentrationen bereitstellen, die für die Verarbeitung von Cellulose große Potenziale eröffnen.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten (auf englisch ionic liquids) sind Flüssigkeiten, die ausschließlich Ionen enthalten. Es handelt sich um flüssige Salze, ohne dass die Salze in einem Lösungsmittel, wie Wasser, gelöst werden müssen. Ionische Flüssigkeiten zeichnen sich durch eine Reihe interessanter Eigenschaften aus. Sie sind meistens thermisch stabil, nicht entzündlich, haben häufig einen äußerst geringen Dampfdruck und verfügen über sehr gute Lösungseigenschaften für zahlreiche Substanzen.The use of an ionic liquid makes it possible to provide solutions of cellulose in technically usable concentrations, which offer great potential for the processing of cellulose. Ionic liquids are liquids that contain only ions. These are liquid salts without having to dissolve the salts in a solvent such as water. Ionic liquids are characterized by a number of interesting properties. They are mostly thermally stable, not flammable, often have a very low vapor pressure and have very good dissolving properties for many substances.
So beschreibt das Patent US 1 ,943,176 die Auflösung von Cellulose in Benzylpyridiniumsalzen. Bei Benzylpyridiniumchlorid handelt es sich um ein Salz, das schon bei vergleichsweise geringen Temperaturen in geschmolzener Form und damit als Flüssigkeit vorliegt. Die derart hergestellte Cellulose- Lösung weist eine Konzentration bis zu 11 Gew.-% Cellulose auf.Thus, US Pat. No. 1,943,176 describes the dissolution of cellulose into benzylpyridinium salts. Benzylpyridinium chloride is a salt which, even at comparatively low temperatures, is in molten form and thus as a liquid. The cellulose solution prepared in this way has a concentration of up to 11% by weight of cellulose.
Aufgrund der guten Lösungsmitteleigenschaften ionischer Flüssigkeiten wird auch in der WO 03/029329 A2 deren Verwendung zum Auflösen von Cellulose vorgeschlagen. Es wird darin vorgeschlagen, dass die ionische Flüssigkeit aus Kationen bestehen sollen, die ein quartäres Ammoniumion aufweisen, was durch Alkylgruppen, insbesondere Methyl, quarternisiert werden soll. Die derart hergestellte Cellulose-Lösung weist eine Konzentration bis zu 25 Gew.-% Cellulose auf.Due to the good solvent properties of ionic liquids, their use for dissolving cellulose is also proposed in WO 03/029329 A2. It is proposed therein that the ionic liquid should consist of cations having a quaternary ammonium ion, which should be quaternized by alkyl groups, especially methyl. The cellulose solution prepared in this way has a concentration of up to 25% by weight of cellulose.
Die EP 0 356 419 B1 beschreibt ein kontinuierlich durchgeführtes Verfahren zur Herstellung von formbaren Cellulose-Lösungen. Dabei wird eineEP 0 356 419 B1 describes a continuous process for the preparation of moldable cellulose solutions. There will be a
Cellulosesuspension aus Cellulose, Wasser und N-Methyl-morpholin-N-oxid (NMMO) während des Transports mit Wasser, Öl oder Dampf als Wärmeträgermedium entlang der indirekt beheizten Innenwand eines unter vermindertem Druck stehenden Behälters erwärmt, und das tertiäre Aminoxid wird aufkonzentriert bis die Cellulose in Lösung geht. Die derart erhaltene
Cellulose-Lösung wird dann direkt in eine Spinnmaschine überführt, was die Herstellung von Cellulosefasern ermöglicht. Die derart hergestellte Cellulose- Lösung weist eine Konzentration bis zu 30 Gew.-% Cellulose auf.Cellulose suspension of cellulose, water and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) heated during transport with water, oil or steam as the heat transfer medium along the indirectly heated inner wall of a reduced-pressure container, and the tertiary amine oxide is concentrated until the Cellulose goes into solution. The thus obtained Cellulose solution is then transferred directly to a spinning machine, which allows the production of cellulose fibers. The cellulose solution prepared in this way has a concentration of up to 30% by weight of cellulose.
In bisher beschriebenen Literaturbeispielen wird zum Verarbeiten von Cellulose jeweils nur eine ionische Flüssigkeit verwendet.In literature examples described so far only one ionic liquid is used for the processing of cellulose.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Lösung aus aufgelöster Cellulose, insbesondere thermoplastisch verarbeitbarer Cellulose, bereitzustellen, die verbesserte Eigenschaften zeigt, insbesondere einen besonders hohen Anteil an aufgelöster Cellulose ermöglicht, und für eine vielfache Verwendung geeignet ist. Des Weiteren soll ein besonders effizientes und umweltfreundliches Verfahren zur Lösung von Cellulose angegeben werden.The present invention has the object to provide a solution of dissolved cellulose, in particular thermoplastically processable cellulose, which shows improved properties, in particular allows a particularly high proportion of dissolved cellulose, and is suitable for multiple use. Furthermore, a particularly efficient and environmentally friendly method for the solution of cellulose should be specified.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Lösung dafür Cellulose und eine homogene Mischung aus zumindest zwei miteinander verträglichen oder nicht miteinander chemisch reagierenden ionischen Flüssigkeiten, wobei zumindest eine ionische Flüssigkeit polar oder stark polar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von größer 900C, insbesondere bis 3000C, und wobei zumindest eine weitere ionische Flüssigkeit weniger polar oder unpolar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von gleich oder kleiner 900C, insbesondere bis minus 300C.According to the invention for the solution comprises cellulose and a homogeneous mixture of at least two compatible or non-chemically reacting with each other ionic liquids, wherein at least one ionic liquid is polar or strongly polar having a melting point of greater than 90 0 C, in particular to 300 0 C, and wherein at least one further ionic liquid is less polar or non-polar with a melting point of equal to or lower than 90 ° C., in particular to minus 30 ° C.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis der polaren oder stark polaren ionischen Flüssigkeit zu der weniger polaren oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeit beträgt dabei vorteilhafterweise 1 :9 bis 9:1 , besonders bevorzugt 3:7 bis 1 :1.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung liegt die Viskosität der zumindest zwei ionischen Flüssigkeiten gemischt mit Cellulose bei Verarbeitungstemperatur im Bereich von 50 Pas bis 30000 Pas, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 Pas bis 2900 Pas und ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 Pas bis 1400 Pas.The weight ratio of the polar or strongly polar ionic liquid to the less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid is advantageously 1: 9 to 9: 1, more preferably 3: 7 to 1: 1. In a preferred embodiment, the viscosity of the at least two ionic liquids mixed with cellulose at the processing temperature in the range of 50 Pas to 30000 Pas, more preferably in the range of 100 Pas to 2900 Pas and most preferably in the range of 150 Pas to 1400 Pas.
Polare ionische Flüssigkeiten sorgen für eine besonders gute Wechselwirkung zwischen der Cellulose und der ionischen Flüssigkeit. Mit steigender Polarität nimmt jedoch auch der Schmelzpunkt bzw. die Viskosität der ionischen Flüssigkeit zu. Daraus folgt, dass in stark polaren ionischen Flüssigkeiten zwar die Cellulose besonders gut gelöst werden kann, dass die Lösung jedoch hochviskos wird. Es hat sich überraschend gezeigt, dass die bestimmte Kombination ausgewählter ionischer Flüssigkeiten zu einer besonders geringen Viskosität der Mischung mit Cellulose führt und dabei eine besonders hohe Konzentration an Cellulose ermöglicht.Polar ionic liquids provide a particularly good interaction between the cellulose and the ionic liquid. However, as the polarity increases, so does the melting point or viscosity of the ionic liquid. It follows that in strongly polar ionic liquids, although the cellulose can be dissolved particularly well, but that the solution is highly viscous. It has surprisingly been found that the particular combination of selected ionic liquids leads to a particularly low viscosity of the mixture with cellulose and thereby enables a particularly high concentration of cellulose.
Vorteilhafterweise enthält die erfindungsgemäße Lösung Cellulose mit mehr als 1 Gew.-% bis zu 50 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bis zu 40 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Lösung.Advantageously, the solution of the invention contains cellulose with more than 1 wt .-% up to 50 wt .-%, preferably up to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the solution.
Es wurde herausgefunden, dass eine bevorzugte Kombination aus mindestens zwei ionischen Flüssigkeiten mindestens eine polare oder stark polare ionische Flüssigkeit umfasst, die vorzugsweise harte Anionen bzw. harte Basen nach der Definition von R. G. Pearson (sogenanntes HSAB-Konzept, hard and soft acids und bases) aufweist.It has been found that a preferred combination of at least two ionic liquids comprises at least one polar or highly polar ionic liquid, preferably hard bases or hard bases as defined by RG Pearson (so-called HSAB concept, hard and soft acids and bases). having.
Als Anionen sind diesbezüglich bevorzugt Hydroxid, Fluorid, Chlorid, Acetat, Carbonat, Phosphat, Trifluoracetat und/oder Hydrogencarbonat eingesetzt.
Die kationische Komponente der ionischen Flüssigkeit bzw. des Salzes weist bevorzugt kurze und/oder kleine Reste auf, wie aliphatische Reste mit zwei bis sechs C-Atomen, insbesondere Ethylreste.Preferred anions in this regard are hydroxide, fluoride, chloride, acetate, carbonate, phosphate, trifluoroacetate and / or bicarbonate. The cationic component of the ionic liquid or of the salt preferably has short and / or small radicals, such as aliphatic radicals having two to six carbon atoms, in particular ethyl radicals.
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst eine bevorzugte Kombination aus mindestens zwei ionischen Flüssigkeiten mindestens eine weniger polare oder unpolare ionische Flüssigkeit, die weiche Anionen bzw. weiche Basen nach der Definition von R. G. Pearson (sogenanntes HSAB-Konzept, hard and soft acids und bases) aufweist.Advantageously, a preferred combination of at least two ionic liquids comprises at least one less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid having soft anions or soft bases as defined by R. G. Pearson (so-called HSAB concept, hard and soft acids and bases).
Vorteilhafterweise sind als Anionen für die weniger polare oder unpolare ionische Flüssigkeit Nitrat, Sulfat, Thiocyanat, Cyanat, Sulfid, Hexafluorophosphat, Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, Sulfamat, lodid, Tetrafluoroborat, Trifluoromethansulfonat, Bromid, Dicyanamid, Hydrogensulfat, Alkylsulfat, Tetracyanoborat, Toluolsulfonat, Tricyanomethan, Bisoxalatoborat, Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphat, 2-Hydroxyacetat, Salicylat, Thiosalicylat, Benzoat, Dibutylphosphate, Triiodid, Tribromid, Succinimid, Nitrit, Nonafluorobutansulfonat und/oder Heptadecafluorooctansulfonat eingesetzt.Advantageously, as anions for the less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid, nitrate, sulfate, thiocyanate, cyanate, sulfide, hexafluorophosphate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, sulfamate, iodide, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bromide, dicyanamide, hydrogensulfate, alkylsulfate, tetracyanoborate, toluenesulfonate, Tricyanomethane, bisoxalatoborate, tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, 2-hydroxyacetate, salicylate, thiosalicylate, benzoate, dibutylphosphate, triiodide, tribromide, succinimide, nitrite, nonafluorobutanesulfonate and / or heptadecafluorooctanesulfonate.
Die kationische Komponente der weniger polaren oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeit bzw. des Salzes weist bevorzugt lange und/oder große Reste auf, wie aliphatische Reste mit zwei bis 25 C-Atomen kombiniert mit aromatischen oder cyclischen Strukturen oder alternativ allein aliphatische Reste mit sechs bis 25 C-Atomen.The cationic component of the less polar or nonpolar ionic liquid or of the salt preferably has long and / or large radicals, such as aliphatic radicals having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms combined with aromatic or cyclic structures or alternatively only aliphatic radicals having from 6 to 25 ° C. -atoms.
Es wurde herausgefunden, dass als Anion für die weniger polare oder unpolare ionische Flüssigkeit auch Chlorid, Acetat, Phosphat, Carbonat, Hydrogencarbonat und/oder Trifluoracetat eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei spielt die Kombination mit geeigneten Seitenketten des Kations der ionischen
Flüssigkeit eine besondere Rolle, um den Schmelzpunkt und/oder die Viskosität der ionischen Flüssigkeit zu bestimmen.It has been found that chloride, acetate, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate and / or trifluoroacetate can also be used as anion for the less polar or non-polar ionic liquid. The combination with suitable side chains of the ionic cation plays here Liquid has a special role to determine the melting point and / or the viscosity of the ionic liquid.
Vorteilhafterweise sind als kationische Komponente der polaren und/oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeit bzw. des Salzes Ammonium-, Cholin, Guanidinium-, Imidazolium-, Phosphonium-, Pyrazolium-, Pyridinium-, Pyrrolidinium-, Benzimidazolium-, Pyrazolidinium-, Pyridazinium-, Pyrimidinium-, Pyrazimium-, Piperazinium- und/oder Sulfoniumsalze eingesetzt.Advantageously, as the cationic component of the polar and / or non-polar ionic liquid or salt, ammonium, choline, guanidinium, imidazolium, phosphonium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, benzimidazolium, pyrazolidinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium , Pyrazimium-, piperazinium and / or sulfonium salts used.
Als polare ionische Flüssigkeit ist bevorzugt Tributylmethylammoniumchlorid (BMNCI) und/oder Triethylmethylammoniumchlorid (EMNCI) eingesetzt.The polar ionic liquid used is preferably tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) and / or triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI).
Als weniger polare ionische Flüssigkeit ist vorzugsweise 1 -Ethyl-3- methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) und/oder 1 -Ethyl-3- methylimidazoliumacetat (EMIMCH3COO) eingesetzt.The less polar ionic liquid used is preferably 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) and / or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMCH 3 COO).
Als bevorzugte Kombinationen von zwei ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind eine Mischung aus Tributylmethylammoniumchlorid (BMNCI) und 1 -Ethyl-3- methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) oder aus Triethylmethylammoniumchlorid (EMNCI) und 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) imPreferred combinations of two ionic liquids are a mixture of tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) or of triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI)
Gewichtsverhältnis von 1 :9 bis 9:1 , bevorzugt 3:7 bis 1 :1 eingesetzt.Weight ratio of 1: 9 to 9: 1, preferably 3: 7 to 1: 1 used.
Um bestimmte Funktionalitäten zu erreichen, sind der Lösung bevorzugt ein oder mehrere Additive beigefügt, insbesondere niedermolekulare Verbindungen, wie Wasser und/oder Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO), Tenside, synthetische Polymere, wie Polyolefine, Polyvinylalkohole (PVA), Polyether, zum Beispiel auf der Basis von Polyethylenglykol (PEG) und/oder Polyoxymethylen, Polyester, Polyamide und/oder Biopolymere, wie zum Beispiel Proteine, wie zum Beispiel Seide. Weiter bevorzugte Additive sind Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylamin, Chitosan, Peptide, wie zum Beispiel
Kollagen, Polyhydroxyfettsäure, wie zum Beispiel Polyhydroxybuttersäure, Polyglykolsäure, Dextrine, Polyvinylpyridin, Polyhydroxyethylmethylacrylate, Polyacrylamid, Xanthan, Lignin, Dendrimere, Pektin, Agar, Guarmehl, Hyaluronat, Alginat, Casein, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polyethylenimin, Farbstoffe, Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Medikamente, antibakterielle Präparate, Dünger usw., Flammschutzmittel, Schaumadditive und/oder sonstige bioabbaubare Polymere, wie zum Beispiel Polycaprolacton und/oder Polylactid.In order to achieve certain functionalities, the solution preferably one or more additives are added, in particular low molecular weight compounds such as water and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), surfactants, synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers, for example on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyoxymethylene, polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as proteins, such as silk. Further preferred additives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylamine, chitosan, peptides, such as Collagen, polyhydroxy fatty acid, such as polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyglycolic acid, dextrins, polyvinylpyridine, polyhydroxyethylmethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, xanthan, lignin, dendrimers, pectin, agar, guar gum, hyaluronate, alginate, casein, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, dyes, active ingredients, in particular medicaments, antibacterial preparations, fertilizers, etc., flame retardants, foam additives and / or other biodegradable polymers, such as polycaprolactone and / or polylactide.
So kann beispielsweise die Einarbeitung von Polyvinylalkohol die Wasseraufnahme im Vergleich zu reiner Cellulose verbessern.For example, the incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol can improve water absorption compared to pure cellulose.
Polyvinylalkohole, Polyethylenglykol als auch Wasser verringern beispielsweise die Oberflächenspannung oder die Viskosität der Schmelze, so dass eine Verarbeitung bei tieferen Temperaturen die Schonung der Substanzen ermöglicht.Polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycol and water, for example, reduce the surface tension or the viscosity of the melt, so that processing at lower temperatures makes it possible to protect the substances.
Des Weiteren soll ein besonders effizientes und wirtschaftliches Verfahren zur Lösung von Cellulose angegeben werden, wobei die Lösung niedrigviskos ist, das heißt wobei die Lösung bei Verarbeitungstemperatur eine Viskosität im Bereich von 50 Pas bis 30000 Pas aufweist, bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 Pas bis 2900 Pas, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 Pas bis 1500 Pas.Furthermore, a particularly efficient and economical method for the solution of cellulose is to be specified, wherein the solution is low-viscosity, that is, wherein the solution at the processing temperature has a viscosity in the range of 50 Pas to 30000 Pas, preferably in the range of 100 Pas to 2900 Pas , more preferably in the range of 150 Pas to 1500 Pas.
Das Verfahren umfasst dafür bevorzugt die Schritte a) Zugeben von Cellulose zu einer homogenen Mischung aus zumindest zwei miteinander verträglichen oder nicht miteinander chemisch reagierenden ionischen Flüssigkeiten, wobei zumindest eine ionische Flüssigkeit polar oder stark polar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von größer 900C, insbesondere bis 3000C, und wobei zumindest eine weitere ionische Flüssigkeit weniger polar oder unpolar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von gleich oder kleiner 900C, insbesondere bis minus 300C, und b) Vermischen bis die Cellulose vollständig aufgelöst ist.
Durch das Verwenden von mindestens zwei ionischen Flüssigkeiten mit den genannten Eigenschaften und besonders niedrigen Verarbeitungstemperaturen, insbesondere zur Schonung der Substanzen, lassen sich besonders hohe Konzentrationen an Cellulose, insbesondere aufgrund der besonders geringen Viskosität der Mischung, erreichen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist aufgrund der besonderen Auswahl der ionischen Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere bezüglich deren Schmelzpunkte, Mischungsverhältnisse und/oder deren Viskosität, besonders energieeffizient und umweltfreundlich, was beispielsweise auch eine Verarbeitung bei besonders niedrigem Druck erlaubt.The method preferably comprises the steps of a) adding cellulose to a homogeneous mixture of at least two compatible or non-chemically reactive ionic liquids, wherein at least one ionic liquid is polar or strongly polar with a melting point of greater than 90 0 C, in particular bis 300 0 C, and wherein at least one further ionic liquid is less polar or nonpolar having a melting point of equal to or less than 90 0 C, in particular to minus 30 0 C, and b) mixing until the cellulose is completely dissolved. By using at least two ionic liquids having the properties mentioned and having particularly low processing temperatures, in particular for protecting the substances, it is possible to achieve particularly high concentrations of cellulose, in particular due to the particularly low viscosity of the mixture. Due to the particular choice of ionic liquids, in particular with regard to their melting points, mixing ratios and / or their viscosity, the method according to the invention is particularly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, which, for example, also permits processing at particularly low pressure.
Im Gegensatz dazu wird bei vielen etablierten Verfahren Cellulose, insbesondere im ersten Schritt, zu Xanthogenaten bzw. Carbamaten umgesetzt. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Cellulose hingegen nicht chemisch verändert, sondern lediglich gelöst. Damit ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders einfach und effizient.In contrast, cellulose is converted into xanthogenates or carbamates in many established processes, especially in the first step. In the method according to the invention, however, the cellulose is not chemically altered, but merely dissolved. Thus, the inventive method is particularly simple and efficient.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden keine Abfälle erzeugt, da die ionischen Flüssigkeiten wieder gewonnen und in den Prozess erneut eingeführt werden können. Folglich stellt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch ein besonders umweltfreundliches Verfahren dar. Dagegen entstehen bei anderen Verfahren aufgrund chemischer Reaktionen häufig Endprodukte, welche aufwendig isoliert und entsorgt werden müssen.In the method according to the invention, no waste is generated because the ionic liquids can be recovered and reintroduced into the process. Consequently, the process according to the invention also represents a particularly environmentally friendly process. In contrast, other processes often result in end products due to chemical reactions, which must be laboriously isolated and disposed of.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich ferner die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Lösung aus aufgelöster Cellulose bereitzustellen, die für eine vielfache Verwendung geeignet ist. Dazu findet die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ohne chemische Umsetzung aus der Schmelze Verwendung zur thermoplastischen Verarbeitung, insbesondere bei 250C bis 3000C, bevorzugt bei 1000C bis
280°C, besonders bevorzugt bis 1600C, insbesondere zu Fasern, Vliesen, Filmen und/oder anderen Formteilen, wie Tabletten.The present invention has also set itself the task of providing a solution of dissolved cellulose, which is suitable for multiple use. For this purpose, the inventive solution without chemical reaction from the melt use for thermoplastic processing, in particular at 25 0 C to 300 0 C, preferably at 100 0 C to 280 ° C, more preferably to 160 0 C, in particular to fibers, nonwovens, films, and / or other moldings, such as tablets.
Für eine Verarbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird bevorzugt ein Elektrospinnen, Rotorspinnen, Schmelzspinnen, Melt-Blown-Verfahren, insbesondere zum Spinnen von Fasern oder Vliesen und/oder eine Extrusion, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Filmen oder anderen Formteilen, wie beispielsweise Tabletten, eingesetzt.For processing the solution according to the invention, preference is given to using electrospinning, rotor spinning, melt spinning, melt-blown processes, in particular for spinning fibers or nonwovens and / or extrusion, in particular for producing films or other shaped articles, for example tablets.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird bevorzugt verwendet für die Herstellung von Rohstoffen, insbesondere Fasern, Vliesen und/oder Schwämmen, für Verpackungen, Hygiene- oder Haushaltsprodukte, insbesondere Reinigungsutensilien, und/oder im medizinischen Bereich, insbesondere für Wundauflagen. Des Weiteren wird die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bevorzugt eingesetzt für Filter, Folien, Dämmstoffe und/oder Trägermaterialien, insbesondere für Katalysatoren, Möbel, Bekleidung, zum Beispiel als Zwischenfutter bzw. Einlage (Interlinings), zur Schall- und/oder Hitzeprotektion.The solution according to the invention is preferably used for the production of raw materials, in particular fibers, nonwovens and / or sponges, for packaging, hygiene or household products, in particular cleaning utensils, and / or in the medical field, in particular for wound dressings. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention is preferably used for filters, films, insulating materials and / or carrier materials, in particular for catalysts, furniture, clothing, for example as intermediate lining or liner (interlinings), for sound and / or heat protection.
Ausführung der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention
Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einiger Beispiele näher erläutert.The object of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some examples.
Beispiel 1)Example 1)
Eine Salzmischung aus 70 Gew.-% 1 -Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 87°C und 30 Gew.-% Tributylmethylammoniumchlorid (BMNCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 1100C wird mit Cellulose versetzt und homogen vermischt, wobei 80 Gew.-% ionische
Flüssigkeiten und 20 Gew.-% Cellulose eingesetzt werden. Bei 85°C weist diese Mischung eine Viskosität von 280 Pas auf.A salt mixture of 70 wt .-% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) having a melting point of 87 ° C and 30 wt .-% tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) having a melting point of 110 0 C is mixed with cellulose and mixed homogeneously, wherein 80 wt .-% of ionic Liquids and 20 wt .-% cellulose are used. At 85 ° C, this mixture has a viscosity of 280 Pas.
Dagegen liegt die Viskosität einer 15,8 Gew.-%ige Cellulose-Mischung mit der reinen ionischen Flüssigkeit EMIMCI bei 85°C bei 24900 Pas (B. Kosan, C. Michelle, F. Meister, Cellulose 15, 2008, 59-66). Die Viskosität einer 20 Gew.- %igen Cellulose-Mischung mit der reinen ionischen Flüssigkeit BMNCI liegt bei 85°C bei 47450 Pas.In contrast, the viscosity of a 15.8 wt .-% cellulose mixture with the pure ionic liquid EMIMCI at 85 ° C at 24900 Pas (B. Kosan, C. Michelle, F. Meister, Cellulose 15, 2008, 59-66 ). The viscosity of a 20% by weight cellulose mixture with the pure ionic liquid BMNCI is 85 ° C. at 47450 Pas.
Das Gemisch aus Cellulose und den ionischen Flüssigkeiten EMIMCI und BMNCI wird 1 ,5 Stunden bei 1000C temperiert, anschließend bei 1300C geschmolzen und zu einem Formteil, beispielsweise zu einer Tablette, verarbeitet. Fasern und Filme werden ebenfalls hergestellt.The mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and BMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 130 0 C and processed into a molding, for example, to a tablet. Fibers and films are also made.
Beispiel 2)Example 2)
Eine Salzmischung aus 70 Gew.-% 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 87°C und 30 Gew.-% Tributylmethylammoniumchlorid (BMNCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 1100C, wird mit Cellulose versetzt und homogen vermischt, wobei 50 Gew.-% ionische Flüssigkeiten und 50 Gew.-% Cellulose eingesetzt werden.A salt mixture of 70 wt .-% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) with a melting point of 87 ° C and 30 wt .-% tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) with a melting point of 110 0 C, is mixed with cellulose and mixed homogeneously , wherein 50 wt .-% of ionic liquids and 50 wt .-% cellulose are used.
Das Gemisch aus Cellulose und den ionischen Flüssigkeiten EMIMCI und BMNCI wird 1 ,5 Stunden bei 1000C temperiert, anschließend bei 16O0C geschmolzen und mittels Heißpresse zu einem Cellulosefilm verarbeitet. Fasern und Tabletten werden ebenfalls hergestellt.The mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and BMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 16O 0 C and processed by means of a hot press to form a cellulose film. Fibers and tablets are also made.
Beispiel 3)Example 3)
Eine Salzmischung aus 70 Gew.-% 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 87°C und 30 Gew.-% Triethylmethylammoniumchlorid (EMNCI) mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 282°C
wird mit Cellulose versetzt und homogen vermischt, wobei 80 Gew.-% ionische Flüssigkeiten und 20 Gew.-% Cellulose eingesetzt werden. Bei 85°C weist diese Mischung eine Viskosität von 1006 Pas auf.A salt mixture of 70% by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCI) having a melting point of 87 ° C. and 30% by weight of triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI) having a melting point of 282 ° C. is added with cellulose and mixed homogeneously, wherein 80 wt .-% of ionic liquids and 20 wt .-% cellulose are used. At 85 ° C, this mixture has a viscosity of 1006 Pas.
Das Gemisch aus Cellulose und den ionischen Flüssigkeiten EMIMCI und EMNCI wird 1 ,5 Stunden bei 1000C temperiert, anschließend bei 1200C geschmolzen und mittels Heißpresse zu einem Cellulosefilm verarbeitet. Fasern und Tabletten werden ebenfalls hergestellt.The mixture of cellulose and the ionic liquids EMIMCI and EMNCI is heated for 1, 5 hours at 100 0 C, then melted at 120 0 C and processed by means of a hot press to form a cellulose film. Fibers and tablets are also made.
Die ionischen Flüssigkeiten werden abschließend mit Wasser komplett ausgewaschen, was anhand gravimetrischer Untersuchungen bestätigt wird.The ionic liquids are finally completely washed out with water, which is confirmed by gravimetric investigations.
Fakultativ kann durch die Zugabe von Wasser als Additiv der Schmelzpunkt der oben genannten Mischungen aus Cellulose und ionischen Flüssigkeiten auf ca. 110°C bis 1000C verringert werden sowie deren thermische Beständigkeit verbessert werden.Optional can be reduced as well as their thermal stability are improved by the addition of water as an additive, the melting point of the above-mentioned mixtures of cellulose and ionic liquid to about 110 ° C to 100 0 C.
Um die Oberflächenspannung der Schmelze im Hinblick auf die weitere Verarbeitung zu verringern oder die Fasern bzw. andere Formteile aus Cellulose zu funktionalisieren oder zu veredeln, können sowohl niedermolekulare Verbindungen, wie zum Beispiel Wasser und/oder Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO), Tenside, als auch verschiedene synthetische Polymere, wie zum Beispiel Polyolefine, Polyvinylalkohole (PVA), Polyether (zum Beispiel auf Basis von Polyethylenglykol (PEG), Polyoxymethylen), Polyester, Polyamide und/oder Biopolymere, wie zum Beispiel Protein, wie zum Beispiel Seide, eingesetzt werden.In order to reduce the surface tension of the melt for further processing or to functionalize or refine the fibers or other shaped parts of cellulose, both low molecular weight compounds, such as water and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), surfactants, as well as various synthetic polymers, such as, for example, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers (for example based on polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxymethylene), polyesters, polyamides and / or biopolymers, such as, for example, protein, such as silk.
Weiter bevorzugte Additive sind Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylamin, Chitosan, Kollagen, Pektin, Agar, Guarmehl, Hyaluronat, Alginat, Casein, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polyethylenimin, Farbstoffe, Wirkstoffe, insbesondere
Medikamente, antibakterielle Präparate, Dünger usw., Flammschutzmittel, Schaumadditive und sonstige bioabbaubare Polymere, wie zum Beispiel Polycaprolacton und/oder Polylactid.
Further preferred additives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylamine, chitosan, collagen, pectin, agar, guar gum, hyaluronate, alginate, casein, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, dyes, active ingredients, in particular Medicines, antibacterial preparations, fertilizers, etc., flame retardants, foam additives and other biodegradable polymers, such as polycaprolactone and / or polylactide.
Claims
1. Eine Lösung, umfassend Cellulose und eine homogene Mischung aus zumindest zwei miteinander verträglichen oder nicht miteinander chemisch reagierenden ionischen Flüssigkeiten, wobei zumindest eine ionische Flüssigkeit polar oder stark polar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von größer 900C, insbesondere bis 3000C, und wobei zumindest eine weitere ionische Flüssigkeit weniger polar oder unpolar ist mit einem Schmelzpunkt von gleich oder kleiner 900C, insbesondere bis minus1. A solution comprising cellulose and a homogeneous mixture of at least two mutually compatible or non-chemically reactive ionic liquids, wherein at least one ionic liquid is polar or strongly polar having a melting point of greater than 90 0 C, in particular to 300 0 C, and wherein at least one further ionic liquid is less polar or non-polar with a melting point of equal to or lower than 90 0 C, in particular to minus
30°C.30 ° C.
2. Lösung nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis der polaren oder stark polaren ionischen Flüssigkeit zu der weniger polaren oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeit untereinander 1 :9 bis 9:1 beträgt, bevorzugt 3:7 bis 1 :1.A solution according to claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the polar or highly polar ionic liquid to the less polar or non-polar ionic liquid is from 1: 9 to 9: 1, preferably from 3: 7 to 1: 1.
3. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Viskosität der ionischen Flüssigkeiten gemischt mit Cellulose bei Verarbeitungstemperatur im Bereich von 50 Pas bis 30000 Pas liegt, bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 Pas bis 2900 Pas, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 150 Pas bis 1400 Pas.3. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the viscosity of the ionic liquids mixed with cellulose at the processing temperature in the range of 50 Pas to 30000 Pas, preferably in the range of 100 Pas to 2900 Pas, more preferably in the range of 150 Pas to 1400 Pas ,
4. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Cellulose mit mehr als 1 Gew.-% bis zu 50 Gew.-% enthalten ist bezogen auf das4. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein cellulose with more than 1 wt .-% up to 50 wt .-% is contained based on the
Gesamtgewicht der Lösung.Total weight of the solution.
5. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die polaren oder stark polaren ionischen Flüssigkeiten harte Anionen, insbesondere Hydroxid, Fluorid, Chlorid, Acetat, Carbonat, Phosphat, Trifluoracetat und/oder Hydrogencarbonat autweisen, und/oder als kationische Komponente kurze und/oder kleine Reste, insbesondere aliphatische Reste mit zwei bis sechs C-Atomen.5. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar or highly polar ionic liquids hard anions, in particular hydroxide, fluoride, chloride, acetate, carbonate, phosphate, trifluoroacetate and / or bicarbonate autweisen, and / or as a cationic component short and / or small radicals, especially aliphatic radicals having two to six carbon atoms.
6. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die weniger polaren oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeiten weiche Anionen, insbesondere Nitrat, Sulfat, Thiocyanat, Cyanat, Sulfid, Hexafluorophosphat, Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, Sulfamat, lodid, Tetrafluoroborat, Trifluoromethansulfonat, Bromid, Dicyanamid, Hydrogensulfat, Alkylsulfat, Tetracyanoborat, Toluolsulfonat,6. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the less polar or non-polar ionic liquids soft anions, in particular nitrate, sulfate, thiocyanate, cyanate, sulfide, hexafluorophosphate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, sulfamate, iodide, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bromide, dicyanamide , Hydrogen sulfate, alkyl sulfate, tetracyano borate, toluenesulfonate,
Tricyanomethan, Bisoxalatoborat, Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphat, 2-Hydroxyacetat, Salicylat, Thiosalicylat, Benzoat, Dibutylphosphate, Triiodid, Tribromid, Succinimid, Nitrit, Nonafluorobutansulfonat und/oder Heptadecafluorooctansulfonat aufweisen, und/oder als kationische Komponente lange und/oder große Reste, wie aliphatische Reste mit zwei bis 25 C-Atomen und/oder aromatische oder cyclische Strukturen.Tricyanomethane, bisoxalatoborate, tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, 2-hydroxyacetate, salicylate, thiosalicylate, benzoate, dibutylphosphate, triiodide, tribromide, succinimide, nitrite, nonafluorobutanesulphonate and / or heptadecafluorooctane sulphonate, and / or long and / or large residues as cationic component, such as aliphatic radicals having two to 25 carbon atoms and / or aromatic or cyclic structures.
7. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei als kationische Komponente der polaren und/oder unpolaren ionischen Flüssigkeiten Ammonium-, Cholin, Guanidinium-, Imidazolium-,7. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein as a cationic component of the polar and / or nonpolar ionic liquids ammonium, choline, guanidinium, imidazolium,
Phosphonium-, Pyrazolium-, Pyridinium-, Pyrrolidinium-, Benzimidazolium-, Pyrazolidinium-, Pyridazinium-, Pyrimidinium-, Pyrazimium-, Piperazinium- und/oder Sulfoniumsalze eingesetzt sind.Phosphonium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, benzimidazolium, pyrazolidinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazimium, piperazinium and / or sulfonium salts are used.
8. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ionischen Flüssigkeiten als polare ionische Flüssigkeit Tributylmethylammoniumchlorid (BMNCI) und/oder Triethylmethylammoniumchlorid (EMNCI) aufweisen. 8. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ionic liquids have as polar ionic liquid tributylmethylammonium chloride (BMNCI) and / or triethylmethylammonium chloride (EMNCI).
9. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ionischen Flüssigkeiten als weniger polare ionische Flüssigkeit 1 -Ethyl-3- methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) und/oder 1 -Ethyl-3- methylimidazoliumacetat (EMIMCH3COO) aufweisen.9. A solution according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ionic liquids as less polar ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMIMCI) and / or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetat have (EMIMCH 3 COO).
10. Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend zusätzlich ein Additiv, wie Wasser, Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO), Tenside, synthetische Polymere, wie Polyolefine, Polyvinylalkohole (PVA), Polyether, insbesondere Polyethylenglykol (PEG) und/oder Polyoxymethylen, Polyester, Polyamide, Biopolymere, insbesondere10. Solution according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising an additive such as water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), surfactants, synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyethers, in particular polyethylene glycol (PEG) and / or polyoxymethylene, polyesters, polyamides , Biopolymers, in particular
Protein, insbesondere Seide, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylamin, Chitosan, Kollagen, Pektin, Agar, Guarmehl, Hyaluronat, Alginat, Casein, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polyethylenimin, Farbstoffe, Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Medikamente, antibakterielle Präparate, Dünger, Flammschutzmittel, Schaumadditive und/oder sonstige bioabbaubareProtein, in particular silk, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylamine, chitosan, collagen, pectin, agar, guar gum, hyaluronate, alginate, casein, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, dyes, active substances, in particular medicaments, antibacterial preparations, fertilizers, flame retardants, foam additives and / or others biodegradable
Polymere, insbesondere Polycaprolacton und/oder Polylactid.Polymers, in particular polycaprolactone and / or polylactide.
11. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend die Schritte a) Zugeben von Cellulose zu einer homogenen Mischung aus zumindest zwei miteinander verträglichen oder nicht miteinander chemisch reagierenden ionischen Flüssigkeiten, wobei die ionischen Flüssigkeiten unterschiedlich polar sind und unterschiedliche Schmelztemperaturen aufweisen und b) Vermischen bis die Cellulose vollständig aufgelöst ist. 11. A process for preparing a solution according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of a) adding cellulose to a homogeneous mixture of at least two mutually compatible or non-chemically reactive ionic liquids, wherein the ionic liquids are different polar and have different melting temperatures and b) Mix until the cellulose is completely dissolved.
12. Verwendung einer Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ohne chemische Umsetzung aus der Schmelze zur thermoplastischen Verarbeitung, insbesondere bei 25°C bis 3000C, bevorzugt bei 1000C bis 2800C, insbesondere zu Fasern, Vliesen, Filmen und/oder anderen Formteilen, insbesondere Tabletten.12. Use of a solution according to one of the preceding claims without chemical reaction from the melt for thermoplastic processing, in particular at 25 ° C to 300 0 C, preferably at 100 0 C to 280 0 C, in particular to fibers, nonwovens, films and / or other moldings, in particular tablets.
13. Verwendung einer Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für ein Elektrospinnen, Rotorspinnen, Schmelzspinnen, Melt-Blown- Verfahren, insbesondere zum Spinnen von Fasern oder Vliesen und/oder zur Extrusion, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Filmen oder anderen Formteilen, wie beispielsweise Tabletten, eingesetzt.13. Use of a solution according to one of the preceding claims for electrospinning, rotor spinning, melt spinning, melt-blown process, in particular for spinning fibers or nonwovens and / or for extrusion, in particular for the production of films or other molded parts, such as tablets, used.
14. Verwendung einer Lösung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für die Herstellung von Rohstoffen, insbesondere Fasern, Vliesen und/oder Schwämmen, für Verpackungen, Hygiene- oder14. Use of a solution according to one of the preceding claims for the production of raw materials, in particular fibers, nonwovens and / or sponges, for packaging, hygiene or
Haushaltsprodukte, insbesondere Reinigungsutensilien, und/oder im medizinischen Bereich, insbesondere für Wundauflagen, für Filter, Folien, Dämmstoffe und/oder Trägermaterialien, insbesondere für Katalysatoren, Möbel, Bekleidung, insbesondere als Zwischenfutter oder Einlage, zur Schall- und/oder Hitzeprotektion. Household products, in particular cleaning utensils, and / or in the medical field, in particular for wound dressings, for filters, films, insulation materials and / or support materials, in particular for catalysts, furniture, clothing, in particular as intermediate lining or insert, for sound and / or heat protection.
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CN102329422A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-01-25 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing chitosan grafted polylactic acid in ionic liquid |
CN103418021A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-12-04 | 四川大学 | In-situ-crossly-linked electrospun fibrous membrane dressing made from collangen I and preparation method of in-situ crosslinking electrospun fibrous membrane dressing |
JP2016138339A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | Method for producing paper having wet strength |
CN109337094A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-02-15 | 西北大学 | A kind of method for preparing hydrogel by ionic liquid-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis |
CN110964205A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 天津大学 | Application of Chitosan Guanidine Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane in Preparation of Antibacterial Coatings |
CN113322186A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for rapidly harvesting microalgae by using ionic liquid |
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JP2016138339A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | Method for producing paper having wet strength |
CN109337094A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-02-15 | 西北大学 | A kind of method for preparing hydrogel by ionic liquid-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis |
CN110964205A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 天津大学 | Application of Chitosan Guanidine Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane in Preparation of Antibacterial Coatings |
CN113322186A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for rapidly harvesting microalgae by using ionic liquid |
CN113322186B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2023-05-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for rapidly harvesting microalgae by using ionic liquid |
CN114957196A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) | Method for catalytic synthesis of diester-based cyclic ester by ionic liquid analogue |
CN114957196B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-11-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) | Method for synthesizing diester-based cyclic ester by catalysis of ionic liquid analogue |
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