WO2010116702A1 - 面状照明装置及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
面状照明装置及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010116702A1 WO2010116702A1 PCT/JP2010/002453 JP2010002453W WO2010116702A1 WO 2010116702 A1 WO2010116702 A1 WO 2010116702A1 JP 2010002453 W JP2010002453 W JP 2010002453W WO 2010116702 A1 WO2010116702 A1 WO 2010116702A1
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- light
- polarization
- modulation
- plate
- filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/14—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for producing polarised light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
- G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low-cost planar illumination device and a liquid crystal display device having high light use efficiency using the same.
- the liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal panel as a spatial modulation element, illuminates with a planar illumination device (backlight) from the back of the liquid crystal panel, and forms an image by spatially modulating transmitted light.
- a planar illumination device backlight
- the light emitted from the backlight is converted into a single polarized light, and the light incident on the red, green and blue sub-pixels constituting the liquid crystal panel is changed.
- a configuration is shown in which laser light emitted from a laser light source is allowed to pass through a plurality of rows of polarizing prisms so that the directions of polarization are aligned and incident on a light guide plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the polarization direction of the laser light emitted from the main surface of the light guide plate can be made uniform, so that a liquid crystal display device with low power consumption can be realized.
- light from an LED light source disposed on the side surface of the light guide plate is incident on the light guide plate, and is emitted from the light guide plate by forming fine grooves as polarization conversion means on the back side of the light guide plate.
- the polarization components of light are arranged in a predetermined direction (see, for example, Patent Document 2). With such a configuration, even if an LED is used as a light source, light having a polarization component in a specific direction can be emitted, and a liquid crystal display device with low power consumption can be realized.
- a planar illumination device such as a route guide plate or a traffic light used on a road or the like.
- JP 2008-277279 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-271871 JP 2006-12722 A
- This invention solves the said conventional subject, and it aims at providing the planar illuminating device which can selectively illuminate arbitrary areas by the structure of an extremely simple optical system.
- a planar illumination device includes a plurality of light sources that emit light, a light guide plate that emits light emitted from the light source from any one side and exits from one main surface, and a predetermined light source.
- a polarization filter that transmits light in a polarization direction and reflects light in a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, a polarization modulation plate that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light, and the incident light
- a reflection sheet that regularly reflects light, and the polarization filter and the polarization modulation plate are arranged in the order of the polarization modulation plate and the polarization filter in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guide plate from the light guide plate side.
- the reflective sheet is disposed in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and at least two of the light emitted from the plurality of light sources are incident on the light guide plate.
- the polarization directions of each other are orthogonal Wherein linearly polarized light is, the polarization modulation plate includes a polarization modulation cell functioning as a 1/2-wavelength plate and a non-modulated cell not modulate the polarization characteristics.
- the above planar illumination device can selectively illuminate an arbitrary area with a very simple optical system configuration.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the planar illumination device taken along line III-III shown in FIG.
- It is a 1st schematic diagram for demonstrating the polarization direction of the light in the planar illuminating device concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- It is a 2nd schematic diagram for demonstrating the polarization direction of the light in the planar illuminating device concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 13 is a first cross-sectional view of a planar illumination device for explaining a polarization state of light along line XIII-XIII shown in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13 is a second cross-sectional view of the planar illumination device for explaining the polarization state of the light along the line XIII-XIII shown in FIG. 12.
- It is a 1st schematic diagram for demonstrating the polarization state before and behind the 1/4 polarizing plate of the planar illuminating device concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram for explaining the positional relationship between the polarization modulation filter and the color filter shown in FIG. 19. It is sectional drawing of the other liquid crystal display device concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the further another liquid crystal display device concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the further another liquid crystal display device concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a top view of the liquid crystal display device concerning Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the planar illuminating device in the XXVI-XXVI line shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the three-dimensional liquid crystal display device concerning Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are diagrams for explaining the planar illumination device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the planar illumination device 10 to the polarization filter 19 and the polarization modulation plate.
- 18 is a perspective view and a top view of a portion excluding the reflection sheet 18 and the reflection sheet 17, and
- FIG. 3 shows the polarization modulation plate 18, the polarization filter 19, and the reflection sheet 17 along the line III-III shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the planar illuminating device 10 included.
- the planar lighting device 10 includes light sources 12a and 12b that emit light 11a and 11b, a control unit 16 that is connected to the light sources 12a and 12b, a combiner 13 that mixes the light 11a and 11b, and a light 11a.
- 11b is converted into a linear shape
- a light guide plate 15 that converts linear light into a planar shape and emitted
- a reflection sheet 17 that a polarization modulation plate 18, and a polarization filter 19.
- Lights 11a and 11b emitted from a plurality of light sources 12a and 12b are combined by a combiner 13, and then enter a light guide bar 14 to be converted into linear light.
- a prism array having a large number of total reflection prisms 14a as shown in FIG. 2 is formed on one surface of the light guide bar 14 in the longitudinal direction.
- the light 11a, 11b that has reached each total reflection prism 14a is totally reflected toward the light guide plate 15 side without reflection loss, and from the light guide bar 14 to the light guide plate as linear light. 15 and enters the light guide plate 15 from the incident surface 15a.
- the side surface on which the light emitted from the plurality of light sources 12a and 12b is incident is not particularly limited to the incident surface 15a, and the light may be incident from another side surface.
- Lights 11a and 11b incident on the light guide plate 15 are all lost without loss by the linear total reflection prism 15b provided on the bottom surface of the light guide plate 15 (see FIG. 3) without loss.
- the light is reflected and emitted from the light guide plate main surface 15c as planar light substantially perpendicularly.
- the polarization modulation plate 18 and the polarization filter 19 are connected to the polarization modulation plate 18 from the light guide plate 15 side.
- the polarizing filter 19 is disposed in this order, and the reflection sheet 17 is disposed in the vicinity of the light guide plate 15 on the side opposite to the main surface 15c.
- the light guide rod 14 and the light guide plate 15 are separated from each other, but may be integrated into a single light guide plate.
- the operation mechanism of the polarization modulation plate 18 will be described with reference to FIG. First, it is assumed that the lights 11a and 11b emitted from the light sources 12a and 12b are linearly polarized light and their polarization directions are orthogonal to each other.
- the polarization direction of the light 11 a is the left-right polarization direction with respect to the traveling direction
- the polarization direction of the light 11 b is the vertical polarization direction with respect to the traveling direction. It is assumed that the light sources 12a and 12b are arranged so that
- the light 11 a totally reflected by the total reflection prism 14 a in the light guide rod 14 and further totally reflected by the total reflection prism 15 b in the light guide plate 15 and emitted from the main surface 15 c of the light guide plate.
- the polarization direction of the light 11b is the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper (the arrow direction in the figure).
- the polarization modulation plate 18 includes two types of regions: a polarization modulation cell 18a that functions as a half-wave plate and a non-modulation cell 18b that does not modulate the polarization characteristics of incident light.
- the polarization directions of the light 11a and 11b transmitted through the polarization modulation cell 18a acting as a half-wave plate are rotated by 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 5, the light 11a is polarized in the horizontal direction in the drawing.
- the light 11b is polarized in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the polarization directions of the light beams 11a and 11b that have passed through the non-modulation cell 18b that does not modulate the polarization characteristics are not modulated by the polarization modulation plate 18, the polarization direction of the light beam 11a remains perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the polarization direction reaches the polarization filter 19 while remaining in the horizontal direction in the drawing. Therefore, the polarization directions of the light 11a and 11b reaching the polarization filter 19 are different for each of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b of the transmitted polarization modulation plate 18.
- the polarization filter 19 has a characteristic of transmitting light polarized in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface and reflecting light polarized in the horizontal direction in the paper surface, as shown in FIG.
- the light transmitted through the cell 18a only the light 11b is transmitted through the polarizing filter 19, and the light 11a is reflected.
- the light transmitted through the non-modulation cell 18b only the light 11a is transmitted through the polarizing filter 19, and the light 11b is reflected.
- the lights 11a and 11b reflected by the polarization filter 19 are shown as reflections to the polarization modulation cells 18a and 18b adjacent to the right. Return to the same polarization modulation cell or non-modulation cell.
- the light 11a and 11b reflected from the polarizing filter 19 returns to the polarization modulation plate 18 again. However, if the polarization modulation plate 18 and the polarizing filter 19 are kept in close contact, the light 11a reflected by the polarizing filter 19 is Returning to the polarization modulation cell 18a, the light 11b returns to the non-modulation cell 18b.
- the polarization direction of light transmitted through the polarization modulation plate 18 downward will be described with reference to FIG.
- the polarization direction of the light 11a is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the traveling direction. Therefore, the polarization direction of the light 11a that has passed through the polarization modulation plate 18 is converted again into the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Since the light 11b is not affected by the polarization direction when passing through the non-modulation cell 18b, the light 11b passes through the polarization modulation plate 18 while maintaining the polarization direction in the horizontal direction in the drawing.
- both the light propagating upward on the paper surface and the light reflected by the polarizing filter 19 and propagating downward on the paper surface have the same polarization direction.
- the light 11a has a polarization direction in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface
- the light 11b has a polarization direction in the horizontal direction in the paper surface. Therefore, the light reflected by the polarizing filter 19 and propagating downward in the drawing, passing through the light guide plate 15 and specularly reflected by the reflecting sheet 17 has the same polarization direction as in FIG.
- the light incident on the light guide plate 15 and totally reflected by the total reflection prism 15b is emitted from the main surface 15c of the light guide plate 15 while slightly spreading in the left-right direction on the paper surface, if it is the light 11a, the non-modulated cell 18b.
- the light 11b until the light is transmitted the light is subjected to multiple reflections between the polarizing filter 19 and the reflection sheet 17 until the light is transmitted through the polarization modulation cell 18a.
- the light 11a is emitted only from directly above the non-modulation cell 18b without any light loss, and the light 11b is emitted only from directly above the polarization modulation cell 18a.
- the total reflection prism 15b may have a slight curvature, or the incident surface 15a of the light guide plate 15 may be provided. A slight curvature may be provided.
- the light incident on the light guide plate 15 and totally reflected by the total reflection prism 15b may be emitted from the main surface 15c of the light guide plate 15 while being slightly inclined in the left-right direction on the paper surface.
- the reflection surface of the total reflection prism 15b may be formed so as to be inclined by a minute angle from the angle of reflection in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 8 there is a left and right arrow pattern as shown in FIG. 8 as a signboard to be displayed on a road sign or the like, and it is considered that the left and right displays are switched and used.
- the shapes of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 of the polarization modulation plate 18 are set to the arrow shape as shown in FIG. 8, and the region 18c other than the arrow is incident. Coat with metal or multilayer film to reflect all the light.
- a right-pointing arrow that is an area of the non-modulation cell 18b is turned on, and when the light source 12b is turned on, the polarization modulation cell 18a is obtained.
- the left arrow can be lit. That is, the lighting region can be easily switched by switching the light source to be turned on by the control unit 16.
- the planar illumination device has a circuit configuration only by changing the configuration of the polarization modulation cell 18a, the non-modulation cell 18b, and the region 18c of the polarization modulation plate 18 even when a pattern different from that in FIG.
- the lighting area can be easily switched without any modification.
- the shape, the number, and the like of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b are not particularly limited to the above example, and various changes can be made according to the object to be displayed.
- the planar illumination device 30 shown in FIG. 9 has the same configuration after the light guide bar 14 as compared with the planar illumination device 10 shown in FIG. 2, but the light source emits light 11a.
- the light source 12a is different from the light source 12a in that a half-wave plate 20 is provided and the light source 12a and the half-wave plate 20 are controlled by the control unit 16.
- the light source is a single light source 12a
- a half-wave plate 20 is disposed between the light source 12a and the light guide rod 14, and the half-wave plate 20 is supported rotatably.
- the polarization direction of the light emitted from the light source 12a is the horizontal direction on the paper surface. Further, when this light passes through the half-wave plate 20, the polarization direction is rotated 90 degrees.
- the half-wave plate 20 is disposed. In this case, the light 11a is emitted only from directly above the polarization modulation cell 18a, and the left-pointing arrow is lit.
- the half-wave plate 20 is rotated using a rotation mechanism (not shown) such as a stepping motor so that the polarization direction remains incident on the light guide rod 14 in the horizontal direction of the paper.
- a rotation mechanism such as a stepping motor
- the light 11a is emitted only from directly above the non-modulation cell 18b, and the right-pointing arrow is lit.
- the half-wave plate 20 it is a single light source, but by switching the polarization direction at a desired timing, a single light source can be maintained without providing a light source for each region. It is possible to easily switch the area to be illuminated. Therefore, since there is no single light source and there is no need to prepare a separate lighting circuit for each of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b, it is possible to produce a planar illumination device at low cost. Have.
- the polarization component of the light 11a incident on the light guide bar 14 is in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface or the left-right direction in the paper surface has been described, but of course the light 11a is adjusted by adjusting the arrangement angle of the half-wave plate 20. May be polarized at an angle (for example, an oblique direction) between the vertical direction of the paper and the horizontal direction in the paper surface.
- the amount of polarization in the vertical direction of the paper surface included in the light 11a and the horizontal direction of the paper surface The left-pointing arrow and the right-pointing arrow can be turned on by the ratio to the amount of polarized light. That is, an arbitrary area can be lit with an arbitrary light amount ratio.
- the polarization direction is modulated at a predetermined timing using a single light source.
- the planar illumination device 40 shown in FIG. 10 has the same configuration after the light guide bar 14 as compared with the planar illumination device 30 shown in FIG. 9, but the light source emits light 23r, 23g, and 23b having different wavelengths.
- the light source emits light 23r, 23g, and 23b having different wavelengths.
- half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b are provided for each light source and are connected to the control unit 16, respectively.
- one of the three light sources 22r, 22g, and 22b as the light source to be lit is selected by the control unit 16, and the polarization direction is selected from the corresponding wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b.
- the regions of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b in FIG. 8 can be switched on with light of any wavelength of the light sources 22r, 22g, and 22b.
- the light sources 22r, 22g, and 22b are respectively a red light source (center wavelength 570 to 680 nm), a green light source (center wavelength 490 to 570 nm), and a blue light source (center wavelength 400 to 490 nm). By doing so, the area to be displayed can be lit in an arbitrary color.
- the polarization modulation cells 18a and 18b can be turned on at the same time by switching the wave plate of the light source of the color to be turned on at high speed.
- a laser light source is used for the light sources 22r, 22g, and 22b, the color purity of each light source becomes extremely high, so that it is possible to display an extremely wide color gamut.
- SLD super luminescent diode
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- the polarization direction of light emitted from a light emitting diode is often not polarized in a single direction, but even in that case, if a polarization beam splitter (PBS) or the like is used, it can be configured in the same manner as described above. is there.
- PBS polarization beam splitter
- the light source 12 is an LED and the non-polarized light 11 emitted from the light source 12 enters the PBS 21, it is separated into P-polarized light 11p and S-polarized light 11s and emitted. Further, P-polarized light 11p is made incident on the half-wave plate 20p, and S-polarized light 11s is made incident on the half-wave plate 20s using an optical component such as a reflection mirror (not shown). At this time, both the half-wave plate 20p and the half-wave plate 20s are connected to the control unit 16.
- the arrangement of the half-wave plate 20p and the half-wave plate 20s is controlled through the control unit 16 using a rotation mechanism (not shown) such as a stepping motor, so that the half-wave plate 20p is
- a rotation mechanism such as a stepping motor
- the half-wave plate 20p is The polarization direction of the transmitted light 11p and the polarization direction of the light 11s transmitted through the half-wave plate 20s can be arbitrarily selected.
- Such a configuration also has an effect that the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b can be simultaneously turned on with an arbitrary light amount.
- the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b were fixed as modulation cells constituting the polarization modulation plate 18, but the configuration of the modulation cell is not particularly limited to the above example.
- a spatial modulation element such as a liquid crystal cell
- the polarization modulation amount in an arbitrary region with respect to incident light can be arbitrarily and dynamically adjusted, and the pattern shape to be illuminated can be changed.
- the pattern shape to be illuminated can be changed.
- it can be changed arbitrarily and dynamically.
- the light guide bar 14 is folded back linearly using the above-described total reflection prism 14a.
- the configuration of the light guide bar is not limited to this configuration, and the polarization direction is maintained without loss. Any configuration can be used as long as it can be converted into linear light.
- the total reflection prism 15b of the light guide plate 15 is not limited to the shape of the present embodiment as long as it can be converted into linear light while maintaining the polarization direction without loss.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 are explanatory diagrams of the planar illumination device 50 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the polarization filter 19, the polarization modulation plate 58, and 1 from the planar illumination device 50.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the planar illumination device 50 taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12. .
- the linearly polarized light beams 51a and 51b emitted from the light sources 52a and 52b are combined by the combiner 13, and then inserted into the quarter-wave plate 53, thereby the lights 51a and 51b.
- the polarized light is converted into rotationally polarized light that rotates in different directions.
- the above-described quarter wavelength plate 53 and a quarter wavelength plate 59 are added, and the quarter wavelength plate 59 is disposed between the light guide plate 15 and the reflection sheet 17.
- the polarization modulation cells 58a and 58b constituting the polarization modulation plate 58 are composed of quarter wave plates having different arrangements in the crystal axis direction, that is, quarter wave plates having different slow axis and fast axis directions. Has been.
- linearly polarized light 51 a and 51 b emitted from the light sources 52 a and 52 b and combined by the combiner 13 is converted into rotationally polarized light by the quarter wavelength plate 53.
- the polarization direction of the light 51a emitted from the light source 52a is the left-right direction in the plane of the paper
- the polarization direction of the light 51b emitted from the light source 52b is the vertical direction of the paper.
- FIG. 15 illustrates how light 51a is converted to left-handed rotation (counterclockwise rotation in the light traveling direction) and FIG. 16 illustrates light 51b rotated right (clockwise rotation in the light traveling direction).
- the lights 51a and 51b before entering the quarter-wave plate 53 are orthogonal to each other, but the polarization direction of the light 51a is from the upper left direction to the lower right direction with respect to the light traveling direction.
- the polarization direction of the light 51b is from the upper right direction to the lower left direction in the light traveling direction.
- the slow axis direction of the quarter wavelength plate 53 is described as ns
- the fast axis direction is described as nf
- the electric fields of the lights 51a and 51b are described by being decomposed into the slow axis direction and the fast axis direction.
- the slow axis direction component of the light 51a is delayed by 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength, so that the light 51a is converted into counterclockwise rotated polarization as shown in FIG.
- the slow-axis direction component of the light 51b is delayed by a quarter wavelength, so that it is converted into right-handed rotationally polarized light as shown in FIG.
- the optical path from the main surface 15c of the light guide plate 15 to the light is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- each of the total reflection prism 14a and the total reflection prism 15b when total reflection is performed by each of the total reflection prism 14a and the total reflection prism 15b, a relative shift occurs between the phase of the S polarization component and the phase of the P polarization component.
- the polarization component of the light propagating in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is totally reflected as the S-polarized light in the total reflection prism 14a, and further totally reflected as the P-polarized light in the total reflection prism 15b.
- the phase shift amount is canceled through reflection.
- the total reflection prism 14a totally reflects the light vertically as P-polarized light
- the total reflection prism 15b substantially reflects it as S-polarized light. Since the total reflection is perpendicular, the phase shift amount is canceled after two total reflections. Therefore, the lights 51a and 51b emitted from the light guide plate 15 enter the polarization modulation plate 58 as rotationally polarized light as shown in FIG.
- the polarization modulation cells 58a and 58b of the polarization modulation plate 58 are both composed of quarter-wave plates, but these also have different directions for rotating the polarization direction of the light.
- the behavior before and after the thus configured polarization modulation plate 58 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the light 51 a having the left-handed rotationally polarized light that is emitted from the light guide plate 15 and arrives at the polarization modulation plate 58 is incident on the polarization modulation cells 58 a and 58 b constituting the polarization modulation plate 58.
- the direction of the slow axis ns and the direction of the fast axis nf are different from each other.
- the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58a and the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58b are straight lines orthogonal to each other. It can be seen that it is converted to polarized light. Further, it can be seen that the polarization direction of the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58a and the polarization direction of the light 51a before entering the quarter-wave plate 53 are the same direction with respect to the light traveling direction.
- the light 51b has the same applies to the light 51b. That is, when the light 51b having the right-handed rotational polarization passes through the polarization modulation cell 58a and the polarization modulation cell 58b, the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58a and the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58b are also converted into linearly polarized light. Thus, the polarization directions are orthogonal to each other. Furthermore, the polarization direction of the light emitted from the polarization modulation cell 58a and the polarization direction of the light 51b before entering the quarter wavelength plate 53 are the same direction with respect to the traveling direction of the light.
- the polarizing filter 19 has a characteristic of reflecting the polarized light in the left-right direction in the drawing and transmitting the polarized light in the direction perpendicular to the drawing. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the light 51 a transmitted through the polarization modulation cell 58 a is reflected by the polarization filter 19, and the light 51 b transmitted through the polarization modulation cell 58 a passes through the polarization filter 19. The light 51 a that has passed through the polarization modulation cell 58 b passes through the polarization filter 19, and the light 51 b that has passed through the polarization modulation cell 58 b is reflected by the polarization filter 19.
- the reflected light 51a is transmitted again through the polarization modulation cell 58a, and becomes rotationally polarized light again.
- the light 51a that has become rotationally polarized light passes through the light guide plate 15 as it is, is reflected by the reflection sheet 17, and then enters the polarization modulation cell 58a again.
- the polarized light rotates in the opposite direction. Therefore, the phase shift during one reciprocation between the polarizing filter 19 and the reflection sheet 17 is canceled by inserting the quarter wavelength plate 59. That is, the phase of the 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate is further shifted by reciprocating the 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate 59 once. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the structure of the 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate 59 with the pitch of the polarization modulation cells 58a and 58b. This also applies to the light 51b.
- the light 51a passes through the polarization modulation cell 58b during the multiple reflection between the polarizing filter 19 and the reflection sheet 17, it becomes the polarization direction perpendicular to the paper surface and passes through the polarizing filter 19, If the light 51b passes through the polarization modulation cell 58a, the light is transmitted through the polarization filter 19 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the light 51a is emitted from the polarization filter 19 only from directly above the polarization modulation cell 58b, and the light 51b is polarized light. The light is emitted from the polarizing filter 19 only from directly above the modulation cell 58a.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is different from that of the planar lighting device 10 of the first embodiment, but since it has the same function as the planar lighting device 10, it has the same effect as the planar lighting device 10. . That is, in a sign board or the like, it is possible to switch the region very easily with an arbitrary lighting pattern, and it can be configured at low cost. Further, similarly to the planar illumination device 10, it is possible to use a plurality of light sources and light them in any color, and various light sources such as LEDs, lasers, and SLDs can be used as the light source. I will omit the explanation.
- a single light source that emits light may be used.
- the light source 52b and the combiner 13 are omitted, and, similarly to the planar illumination device 30 illustrated in FIG.
- a two-wave plate may be newly provided, and the control unit 16 may control the single light source 52a and the half-wave plate.
- the half-wave plate converts the light emitted from the light source 52a into linearly polarized light by switching the polarization direction at an arbitrary timing
- the quarter-wave plate 53 converts the linearly polarized light to the light guide plate 15.
- the light is converted into rotationally polarized light in which the directions of rotation of the polarizations are opposite to each other.
- the light 51a having the left-handed rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the polarization modulation cell 58b and becomes the first light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarization filter 19, and then passes through the polarization filter 19 to the outside. Emitted.
- the light 51b having right-handed rotationally polarized light passes through the polarization modulation cell 58b, becomes second light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter 19, and is reflected internally by the polarization filter 19.
- the light 51b having right-handed rotationally polarized light passes through the polarization modulation cell 58a, becomes first light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarizing filter 19, and then passes through the polarizing filter 19 and is emitted to the outside. Is done.
- the light 51 a having left-handed rotationally polarized light passes through the polarization modulation cell 58 a and becomes second light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter 19, and is reflected internally by the polarization filter 19.
- the light 51a is emitted to the outside only through the polarization modulation cell 58b, and the light 51b is emitted to the outside only through the polarization modulation cell 58a.
- a planar lighting device that can selectively illuminate and can easily switch the lighting region can be simply and inexpensively configured.
- FIG. 19 shows a liquid crystal display device 80 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a top view of a planar illumination device 90a that illuminates the liquid crystal panel 81 of the liquid crystal display device 80 from the back. Indicated. However, in FIG. 20, the polarization modulation plate 18, the polarization filter 19, and the reflection sheet 17 are not shown.
- the planar illumination device 90a shown in FIG. 20 is similar to the planar illumination device 40 shown in FIG. 10, but the planar illumination device 90a for the liquid crystal display device 80 does not need to switch the illumination pattern.
- the half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b in FIG. 10 are removed.
- a red light source 92r, a green light source 92g, and a blue light source 92b that emit red light 91r, green light 91g, and blue light 91b are used as light sources.
- the polarization directions of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b that are combined and incident on the light guide bar 14 are as shown in FIG.
- the light sources are arranged so as to be polarized in the horizontal direction on the paper surface with respect to 91r and blue light 91b.
- the liquid crystal panel 81 is disposed on the side from which light is emitted from the planar illumination device 90a.
- the liquid crystal panel 81 includes a lower polarizing plate 82, a lower glass plate 83, a liquid crystal layer 84, a color filter 85, and an upper glass plate 86. And an upper polarizing plate 87.
- the color filter 85 transmits the red light 91r, absorbs the green light 91g and the blue light 91b, the red subpixel 85R, and transmits the green light 91g, and absorbs the red light 91r and the blue light 91b.
- the sub-pixel 85G includes a blue sub-pixel 85B that transmits the blue light 91b and absorbs the red light 91r and the green light 91g.
- the polarization modulation plate 18 includes a polarization modulation cell 18a that functions as a half-wave plate and a non-modulation cell 18b that does not modulate polarization characteristics.
- the polarization modulation cell 18a is a green sub-cell.
- the unmodulated cell 18b is disposed directly below the red subpixel 85R and the blue subpixel 85B.
- the polarizing filter 19 is disposed so as to transmit light polarized in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface and reflect light polarized in the left-right direction in the paper surface.
- the polarization direction of the green light 91g remains in the left-right direction in the paper even though it passes through the non-modulation cell 18b of the polarization modulation plate 18, so that the green light 91g is reflected by the polarization filter 19 and thereafter the surface.
- multiple reflections are made between the polarizing filter 19 and the reflection sheet 17 until it enters the polarization modulation cell 18 a of the polarization modulation plate 18.
- the polarization direction remains the same as the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the red sub-pixel 85R and the blue sub-pixel 85G are incident without distinction.
- the polarization direction is the left-right direction in the plane of the paper, so that it is reflected by the polarization filter 19, and thereafter the planar illumination device 10 Similarly to the case, multiple reflection is performed between the polarization filter 19 and the reflection sheet 17 until the light enters the non-modulation cell 18 b of the polarization modulation plate 18.
- the polarization modulation cell 18a is configured as shown in FIG.
- the non-modulation cells 18b are arranged in a matrix, and the vertical and horizontal pitches of the polarization modulation cells 18a and the non-modulation cells 18b are configured to be equal to or an integral multiple of the vertical and horizontal pitches of the sub-pixels 85R, 85G, and 85B. ing.
- a modulation cell is composed of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b, and the polarization modulation plate 18 includes a plurality of modulation cells (polarization modulation cell 18a and non-modulation cell 18b) arranged in a matrix, and performs modulation.
- the length of one side in the vertical direction of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b, which are cells, is set to be the same as the length of one side in the vertical direction of the subpixels 85R, 85G, and 85B of the color filter 85, and is a modulation cell.
- the length of one side in the horizontal direction of the polarization modulation cell 18a is set to be the same as the length of one side in the horizontal direction of the subpixels 85R, 85G, and 85B of the color filter 85, and the length in the horizontal direction of the non-modulation cell 18b that is the modulation cell.
- the length of one side is set to an integral multiple (for example, two times) the length of one side in the horizontal direction of the sub-pixels 85R, 85G, and 85B of the color filter 85.
- the green light 91g emitted only from directly above the polarization modulation cell 18a by the polarization filter 19 is incident only on the green subpixel 85G.
- the light 91b and the red light 91r are incident only on the blue subpixel 85B and the red subpixel 85R.
- the light emitted from the light source is incident on each subpixel of the color filter without distinction of color, so that 2/3 of the light incident on each subpixel is absorbed, Only 1/3 contributed to image formation.
- the laser beam is excellent in linearity
- a laser light source or SLD is used for each of the light sources 92r, 92g, and 92b
- the ratio of the green light 91g entering the sub-pixels other than the green sub-pixel 85G can be suppressed, and similarly the ratio of the red light 91r and the blue light 91b entering the green sub-pixel 85G can also be suppressed.
- a liquid crystal display device with high light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- LED As a light source.
- the LED has a wider spectrum width than the laser light source, and the spread angle of the emitted laser light varies greatly.
- a reflective wavelength filter as shown in Patent Document 3 of the prior art document is used.
- Angle dependency and wavelength dependency are large, and in particular, when an LED is used as a light source, the light utilization efficiency does not increase due to the above-described variation in incident angle and wavelength.
- the present liquid crystal display device 80 since the light emitted from each light source is separated not by wavelength but by polarized light, even if the incident angle variation or wavelength variation occurs, the light separation characteristics are not affected at all. High separation characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, even when an LED is used as the light source, high light utilization efficiency can be achieved.
- the surface illumination device 90a and the liquid crystal panel 81 may be vacant or may be in close contact with each other.
- the distance from the polarization modulation plate 18 to the color filter 85 is shortened, so that the light spreads during propagation from the polarization modulation plate 18 to the color filter 85. Loss can be reduced. In this case, since the light utilization efficiency can be further improved, it can be said that the configuration is more preferable.
- a liquid crystal display device with higher light utilization efficiency can be configured. For example, as in the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG. 22, when the wavelength filter 101 is inserted between the polarizing filter 19 and the liquid crystal panel 81, the red light 91r emitted from the non-modulation cell 18b is transferred to the red subpixel 85R. Blue light 91b can be incident on the blue subpixel 85B.
- the wavelength filter 101 includes a plurality of sub-filters 101B, 101R, and 101G having different filter characteristics, specifically, a sub-filter 101B that transmits blue light 91b and reflects red light 91r, and red
- the sub-filter 101R transmits the light 91r and reflects the blue light 91b, and the sub-filter 101G that does not modulate anything.
- the red light 91r is subjected to multiple reflections between the wavelength filter 101 and the reflection sheet 17 until reaching the sub-filter 101R, and similarly, the blue light 91b also reaches the sub-filter 101B. Multiple reflection is performed between the wavelength filter 101 and the reflection sheet 17.
- the green light 91g is incident on the subpixel 85G
- the red light 91r is incident on the subpixel 85R
- the blue light 91b is incident on the subpixel 85B. That is, in the color filter 85, there is no component incident on the sub-pixels of other colors, so that light loss due to absorption by the color filter is eliminated.
- 2/3 of the light incident on the color filter was lost due to absorption.
- the present liquid crystal display device 100 when the present liquid crystal display device 100 is used, the light utilization efficiency can be improved three times higher than the conventional one.
- a liquid crystal display device with high light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- the sub-filters 101R and 101B constituting the wavelength filter 101 can usually be configured by laminating a plurality of dielectric multilayer films having different refractive indexes.
- the sub-filter 101R and the sub-filter 101B constituting the wavelength filter 101 are adjacent to each other as in the present case, for example, when the sub-filter 101R is manufactured, the sub-filter 101B and the sub-filter 101G are masked.
- the multilayer multilayer films are manufactured by stacking a plurality of dielectric multilayer films in a state where the regions of the sub filter 101R and the sub filter 101G are masked. Can do.
- the manufacturing method and configuration of the wavelength filter 101 described here are merely examples, and the manufacturing method and configuration thereof are not limited. Any method can be used as long as a desired wavelength characteristic can be obtained. I do not care.
- the sub-filters 101R and 101B of the wavelength filter 101 are formed of a dielectric multilayer film, if the wavelength to be transmitted and the wavelength to be reflected are close to each other, the sub-filters 101R and 101B constituting the wavelength filter are respectively Therefore, the number of film layers increases. For example, in the case of a sub-filter that reflects blue light and transmits green light, if the wavelength of green light is 530 nm and the wavelength of blue light is 450 nm, it is necessary to switch between transmission and reflection characteristics between only 80 nm. .
- the light separated by the polarization modulation plate 18 and the polarization filter 19 is green light having an intermediate wavelength among the three colors, and the light separated by the wavelength filter 101 is blue light and red light.
- the wavelength of red light is set to 630 nm and the wavelength of blue light is set to 450 nm, it is only necessary to switch between transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics between 180 nm. Since it is not necessary to have steep wavelength characteristics, a liquid crystal display device advantageous in terms of cost can be configured.
- a black matrix 102 is usually formed at the boundary between the sub-pixels 85R, 85G, and 85B of the color filter 85, and light can be basically absorbed in this portion. As we know, all the light incident on this part is lost. Therefore, by providing the total reflection region 103 composed of a reflective coat that reflects incident light toward the light guide plate 15 at the boundary between the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b of the polarization modulation plate 18, this total reflection is achieved. All light incident on the region 103 can be reflected. As a result, light can be prevented from entering the black matrix 102, and the liquid crystal display device 110 with higher light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- the red sub-pixel 85R, the green sub-pixel 85G, and the blue sub-pixel 85B are respectively red by the operation described below, as in the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG.
- the light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b can be incident, and the light loss in the color filter seen in the conventional liquid crystal display device is eliminated. Therefore, the light use efficiency in the color filter is 3 as compared with the conventional one.
- a liquid crystal display device with high light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- the liquid crystal display device 120 shown in FIG. 24 has a configuration similar to that of the liquid crystal display device 80 shown in FIG. 19, but the polarization modulation cell 18 x and the polarization polarization are substituted for the non-modulation cell 18 b in the polarization modulation plate 18.
- a modulation cell 18y is added.
- the polarization modulation cell 18y transmits the green light 91g and the red light 91r without changing the polarization direction, but only the blue light 91b changes the polarization direction from the vertical direction to the paper surface.
- the polarization modulation cell 18x transmits the green light 91g and the blue light 91b without changing the polarization direction, but transmits only the red light 91r with the polarization direction perpendicular to the paper surface. It has a wavelength characteristic that changes from the direction to the horizontal direction in the drawing. Further, the blue subpixel 85B is disposed immediately above the polarization modulation cell 18x, and the red subpixel 85R is disposed directly above the polarization modulation cell 18y.
- the operations of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b in the polarization modulation cell 18a are the same as those of the liquid crystal display device 80.
- the polarization direction of the red light 91r is the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper
- the polarization direction of the green light 91g is also the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper, but only the polarization direction of the blue light 91b.
- the vertical direction of the paper is the polarization direction of the paper.
- the polarization direction of the blue light 91b is the left-right direction in the paper
- the polarization direction of the green light 91g is also the left-right direction in the paper, but only the polarization direction of the red light 91r. Is in the direction perpendicular to the page.
- the polarization filter 19 is disposed so as to transmit the polarization component in the vertical direction on the paper surface and reflect the polarization component in the horizontal direction on the paper surface, similarly to the liquid crystal display device 80.
- the green light 91g is emitted from only the polarization modulation cell 18a from the polarization filter 19
- the blue light 91b is emitted only from just above the polarization modulation cell 18x
- the red light is emitted from just above the polarization modulation cell 18y.
- the light 91r is emitted. Therefore, only the red light 91r is incident on the red subpixel 85R in the color filter 85, only the green light 91g is incident on the green subpixel 85G, and only the blue light 91b is incident on the blue subpixel 85B.
- the liquid crystal display device 120 shown in FIG. 24 as well, as in the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG. 22, there is no light loss in the color filter found in the conventional liquid crystal display device.
- the light utilization efficiency can be improved by a factor of 3 compared to the conventional case, and a liquid crystal display device with high light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- since light emitted from each light source is selected by polarization and is incident on the sub-filter, when the LED is used as the light source, the incident angle with respect to the polarization modulation plate 18 and the polarization filter 19 is increased. Even when there is a variation or when the wavelength varies, a liquid crystal display device with high light separation characteristics and high light utilization efficiency can be configured.
- the polarizing filter 19 may be vacant or may be in close contact.
- the distance from the polarization modulation plate 18 to the color filter 85 is shortened, so that the loss of light due to the spread of light during propagation from the polarization modulation plate 18 to the color filter 85. This can be said to be a more preferable configuration.
- the spread of light from the polarization modulation plate 18 and the wavelength filter 101 to the color filter 85 is suppressed by using a laser light source or SLD as a light source. It is possible to display a high-quality image with higher light utilization efficiency and a wider color reproduction range.
- a laser light source or SLD as a light source.
- an LED or the like can be used as the light source, and other light sources may be used.
- liquid crystal display devices 80, 100, 110, and 120 in the present embodiment are all 1/1 as polarization modulation cells constituting a polarization modulation plate, like the planar illumination device 10 described in the first embodiment.
- a system including a two-wave plate is used, of course, like the planar illumination device 50 described in the second embodiment, a quarter-wave plate is included as a polarization modulation cell constituting the polarization modulation plate. You may comprise by a system.
- a quarter-wave plate 53 is inserted between the combiner 13 and the light guide bar 14 in the same manner as the planar illumination device shown in FIG.
- a quarter wave plate 59 is disposed between the sheets 17, and instead of the polarization modulation plate 18, polarized light composed of first to third polarization modulation cells functioning as quarter wave plates having different wavelength characteristics.
- the modulation plate may be disposed between the light guide plate 15 and the polarizing filter 19.
- the first polarization modulation cell is at the position of the polarization modulation cell 18y
- the second polarization modulation cell is at the position of the polarization modulation cell 18x
- the third polarization modulation cell is at the position of the polarization modulation cell 18a. It is assumed that it is arranged.
- two types of rotationally polarized light for example, red light and green light
- Rotating polarized light for example, blue light
- a third rotating polarized light for example, green color
- Light passes through a third polarization modulation cell that functions as a quarter-wave plate with respect to the wavelengths of the three rotationally polarized light, and becomes third light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarization filter 19.
- first and second rotationally polarized light (for example, red light and blue light) having the same rotational direction become light having a polarization direction that is transmitted through the third polarization modulation cell and reflected by the polarization filter, Reflected inside by the polarizing filter 19.
- the first rotationally polarized light functions as a quarter wavelength plate that is different from the third polarization modulation cell in the direction of the slow axis and the fast axis only with respect to the wavelength of the first rotationally polarized light.
- the light having a polarization direction that is transmitted through the second polarization modulation cell and reflected by the polarization filter 19 is reflected by the polarization filter 19.
- the second rotationally polarized light (for example, blue light) passes through the second polarization modulation cell and becomes second light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarization filter 19 and passes through the polarization filter 19 to be externally transmitted. Is emitted.
- the second rotationally polarized light (for example, blue light) functions as a quarter wavelength plate having a slow axis and a fast axis different from the third polarization modulation cell only with respect to the wavelength of the second rotationally polarized light.
- the light having a polarization direction that is transmitted through the first polarization modulation cell and reflected by the polarization filter 19 is reflected by the polarization filter 19.
- the first rotationally polarized light (for example, red light) passes through the first polarization modulation cell and becomes first light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarization filter 19 and passes through the polarization filter 19 to be externally transmitted. Is emitted.
- the first rotational polarization eg, red light
- the second rotational polarization eg, blue light
- the quarter wave plate is incident on the blue subpixel 85B only through the modulation cell
- the third light eg, green light
- effects similar to the above can be obtained.
- FIG. 25 is a top view of the liquid crystal display device 130 excluding the liquid crystal panel 81, the polarizing filter 19, the polarization modulation plate 18, and the reflection sheet 17, and
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 130.
- the planar illumination device 90e constituting the present liquid crystal display device 130 is similar to the planar illumination device 10 and the planar illumination device 40 of the first embodiment, but the polarization modulation cell 18a constituting the polarization modulation plate 18 and the non-polarization cell 18a.
- the pitch of the modulation cell composed of the modulation cell 18b is different. That is, when the subpixels 85R, 85G, and 85B constituting the color filter 85 in the liquid crystal panel are made one pixel, the pitch of the modulation cell composed of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b is equal to one pixel of the color filter.
- the pixel pitch is the same as that of the unit, and the polarization modulation cells 18a and the non-modulation cells 18b are alternately arranged. That is, the length of one side of the polarization modulation cell 18a and the non-modulation cell 18b, which are modulation cells, is set to be the same as the total length of the one side of the three subpixels 85R, 85G, 85B of the color filter 85. It is set to an integral multiple (for example, 3 times) of the length of one side of the subpixels 85R, 85G, and 85B.
- the combiner 13 combines the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b emitted from the light sources 92r, 92g, and 92b and emitted from the half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b.
- the control unit 16 controls the half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b to change the polarization directions of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b that are combined and incident on the light guide rod 14.
- the light is polarized in the horizontal direction in the drawing.
- light that is incident on the light guide bar 14 while being polarized in the left-right direction on the paper surface is light 131x, and is incident on the light guide rod 14 while being orthogonally polarized in the vertical direction on the paper surface.
- the light to be used is the light 131y. That is, the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b are all polarized in the same direction as the light 131x.
- the polarization modulation cell 18a functions as a half-wave plate, and the non-modulation cell 18b does not modulate the polarization here.
- the polarizing filter 19 has a function of reflecting light having a polarization direction in the left-right direction in the drawing and transmitting light having a polarization direction in the direction perpendicular to the drawing, as before.
- control unit 16 controls the half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b, and the polarization directions of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b that are combined and incident on the light guide rod 14 are up and down in the drawing. If the light is polarized in the direction, the light incident on the light guide rod 14 becomes the light 131y, and the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b of the light 131y are emitted only from directly above the polarization modulation cell 18a of the polarization filter 19. Will do.
- a three-dimensional liquid crystal display device 150 capable of three-dimensional display as shown in FIG. 27 can be configured.
- the liquid crystal panel 81 and the shutter glasses 132 are connected to the control unit 16.
- the lens portion of the normal glasses is a shutter, and the control unit 16 can open and close the shutter independently at right and left at an arbitrary timing.
- the control unit 16 and the shutter glasses 132 are directly connected and connected, but of course, they may be controlled wirelessly.
- the operation mechanism of the three-dimensional liquid crystal display device 150 will be described.
- the pixel 133b of the liquid crystal panel 81 existing immediately above the non-modulation cell 18b displays the image for the left eye
- 133a displays a right-eye image.
- the control unit 16 performs the half-wave plate 20r, By controlling 20g and 20b, the polarization directions of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b are polarized in the direction of the light 131x in FIG. Further, the control unit 16 opens the left eye shutter of the shutter glasses 132 and closes the right eye shutter at the same timing. By doing so, only the image for the left eye displayed on the liquid crystal panel enters the left eye.
- control unit 16 controls the half-wave plates 20r, 20g, and 20b at a predetermined timing so that the polarization directions of the red light 91r, the green light 91g, and the blue light 91b are in the direction of the light 131y in FIG. Polarize. Further, the control unit 16 opens the right eye shutter of the shutter glasses 132 and closes the left eye shutter at the same timing. By doing so, only the image for the right eye displayed on the liquid crystal panel enters the right eye.
- the viewer recognizes the image displayed on the liquid crystal panel 81 as a three-dimensional image. Further, the next frame image is displayed on the liquid crystal panel 81, and by repeating the above operation, a three-dimensional moving image can be viewed.
- a three-dimensional moving image can be viewed.
- this configuration for example, while the right-eye image is displayed, no light is incident on the pixel 133b corresponding to the left-eye image, so there is no loss of light and the highly efficient three-dimensional liquid crystal A display device can be configured.
- the left-eye image is displayed on the pixel 133b during one frame period. Since the right-eye image can be maintained in the pixel 133a, a good three-dimensional image without crosstalk can be displayed even when a liquid crystal panel with slow response characteristics is used as the liquid crystal panel 81. it can. Further, a lenticular lens is formed on the pixel 133b of the liquid crystal panel 81 so as to guide the left eye image to the viewer's left eye, and the lenticular lens is guided on the pixel 133a so that the right eye image is guided to the viewer's right eye. By forming the lens, the viewer can view the three-dimensional image without using shutter glasses.
- a high-quality image with a wide color reproduction range can be displayed by using laser light as a light source.
- laser light As described in the planar illumination device 10 of the first embodiment, an LED, an SLD, or the like can be used as the light source, and other light sources may be used.
- a half-wave plate is used as a polarization modulation cell constituting the polarization modulation plate.
- a system including a quarter wavelength plate is used as a polarization modulation cell constituting the polarization modulation plate, like the planar illumination device 50 described in the second embodiment. It doesn't matter.
- the planar illumination device includes a plurality of light sources that emit light, a light guide plate that emits light emitted from the light source from any one side and exits from one main surface, and a predetermined light source.
- a polarization filter that transmits light in a polarization direction and reflects light in a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, a polarization modulation plate that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light, and the incident light
- a reflection sheet that regularly reflects light
- the polarization filter and the polarization modulation plate are arranged in the order of the polarization modulation plate and the polarization filter from the light guide plate side in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guide plate.
- the reflective sheet is disposed in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and at least two of the light emitted from the plurality of light sources are incident on the light guide plate.
- the polarization directions of each other were orthogonal Includes linear polarization
- the polarization modulation plate includes a polarization modulation cell functioning as a 1/2-wavelength plate and a non-modulated cell not modulate the polarization characteristics.
- this planar illumination device two types of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other are incident from the side surface of the light guide plate and emitted from one main surface, and the two types of light are transmitted through the polarization filter.
- the first light having the polarization direction is transmitted through the non-modulation cell and the polarization filter and emitted to the outside, and the second light having the polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter is transmitted through the non-modulation cell and then polarized. Reflected internally by the filter.
- the polarization directions of the first and second lights are converted, and the first light is the second light
- the light is reflected inside by the polarizing filter, and the second light is transmitted to the outside through the polarizing filter as the first light.
- a planar illumination device that can selectively illuminate the region and can easily switch the lighting region can be configured simply and inexpensively.
- Another planar illumination device includes a light source that emits light, a light guide plate that emits light emitted from the light source from any side surface and exits from one main surface, and a predetermined polarization direction.
- a polarizing filter that transmits light of a predetermined direction and reflects light having a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, a polarization modulation plate that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light, and incident light.
- a reflective sheet for regular reflection, and the polarizing filter and the polarization modulation plate are arranged in the order of the polarization modulation plate and the polarizing filter from the light guide plate side in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guide plate,
- the reflection sheet is disposed in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and the light emitted from the light source is linearly polarized and at an arbitrary timing when entering the light guide plate.
- the polarization direction can be switched with Wherein the said polarization modulation plate includes a polarization modulation cell functioning as a 1/2-wavelength plate and a non-modulated cell not modulate the polarization characteristics.
- this planar illumination device light that is linearly polarized and whose polarization direction can be switched at an arbitrary timing is incident from the side surface of the light guide plate and emitted from one main surface.
- the first light is incident, the first light is transmitted through the non-modulation cell and the polarization filter and emitted to the outside, while the second light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter Is incident, the second light is transmitted through the non-modulated cell and then reflected internally by the polarizing filter.
- the polarization modulation cell that functions as a half-wave plate
- the polarization direction is converted, and the first light becomes the second light by the polarization filter.
- the second light becomes the first light, passes through the polarizing filter, and is emitted to the outside.
- the planar illumination device can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- Another planar illumination device includes at least three light sources that emit light having different wavelengths, and a light guide that emits light emitted from the light source from any one side and exits from one main surface.
- An optical plate, a polarizing filter that transmits light in a predetermined polarization direction and reflects light in a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, and polarization modulation that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light A polarizing plate and a reflective sheet that regularly reflects incident light, wherein the polarizing filter and the polarizing modulation plate are arranged in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guiding plate from the light guiding plate side, the polarizing modulation plate, and the polarization Arranged in the order of filters, the reflection sheet is arranged in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and at least two of the light emitted from the at least three light sources are the Stage entering the light guide plate Oite comprises linearly
- a light guide plate includes at least three light sources from which two types of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other and linearly polarized light having the same polarization direction as one of the two types of linearly polarized light.
- the first and second lights having the polarization direction transmitting through the polarizing filter are 1 ⁇ 2 of the wavelengths of the three lights.
- the polarization direction is converted, and the first light is internally contained by the polarization filter.
- the polarization direction is not converted, and the second light is transmitted through the polarization filter and emitted to the outside.
- the second light passes through the first polarization modulation cell that functions as a half-wave plate only for the wavelength of the second light, the polarization direction is converted, and the second light is internally contained by the polarization filter.
- the polarization direction is not converted, and the first light is transmitted through the polarization filter and emitted to the outside.
- the first light is emitted to the outside only through the first polarization modulation cell that functions as a half-wave plate only with respect to the second light, and the second light is converted into the first light.
- the third light is emitted to the outside, and the third light is a third polarization that functions as a half-wave plate for the three lights. Since it is emitted to the outside only through the modulation cell, it is possible to selectively illuminate an arbitrary area with an extremely simple optical system configuration, and a simple and simple planar illumination device capable of switching the lighting area. It can be configured at low cost.
- Another planar illumination device includes a plurality of light sources that emit light, a light guide plate that emits light emitted from the light source from one of the side surfaces and exits from one main surface, and a predetermined light source.
- Polarization modulation including a polarization filter that transmits light in a polarization direction and reflects light in a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, and a polarization modulation cell that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light
- a polarizing plate and a reflective sheet that regularly reflects incident light, wherein the polarizing filter and the polarizing modulation plate are arranged in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guiding plate from the light guiding plate side, the polarizing modulation plate, and the polarization
- the reflective sheet is disposed in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and at least two of the light emitted from the plurality of light sources are In the stage where they enter the light plate,
- the first rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the first polarization modulation cell among the first and second polarization modulation cells functioning as quarter-wave plates having different slow axis and fast axis directions, and the polarization filter It becomes the 1st light which has the polarization direction which permeate
- polarized-light transmits the 1st polarization modulation cell, and the polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter Is reflected by the polarizing filter.
- the second rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the second polarization modulation cell, becomes first light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarizing filter, passes through the polarizing filter, and is emitted to the outside.
- the rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the second polarization modulation cell, becomes second light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter, and is reflected inside by the polarization filter.
- the first rotational polarization is emitted to the outside only through the first polarization modulation cell
- the second rotation polarization is emitted to the outside only through the second polarization modulation cell.
- Another planar illumination device includes a light source that emits light, a light guide plate that emits light emitted from the light source from any side surface and exits from one main surface, and a predetermined polarization direction.
- a polarizing filter that transmits light of a predetermined direction and reflects light having a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, a polarization modulation plate that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light, and incident light.
- a reflective sheet for regular reflection, and the polarizing filter and the polarization modulation plate are arranged in the order of the polarization modulation plate and the polarizing filter from the light guide plate side in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guide plate,
- the reflection sheet is disposed in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and the light emitted from the light source is rotated and polarized at an arbitrary timing when entering the light guide plate.
- the polarization modulation plate includes a plurality of types of polarization modulation cell functioning as a quarter-wave plate slow axis and fast axis directions are different from each other.
- the first rotationally polarized light is the first of the first and second polarization modulation cells functioning as a quarter-wave plate having different slow axis and fast axis directions.
- the first polarization modulation cell passes through the polarization filter and becomes the first light having the polarization direction that passes through the polarization filter, passes through the polarization filter, and is emitted to the outside, while the second rotational polarization is the first polarization modulation cell.
- the second rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the second polarization modulation cell, becomes first light having a polarization direction that passes through the polarizing filter, passes through the polarizing filter, and is emitted to the outside.
- the rotationally polarized light is transmitted through the second polarization modulation cell, becomes second light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter, and is reflected inside by the polarization filter.
- the first rotational polarization is emitted to the outside only through the first polarization modulation cell
- the second rotation polarization is emitted to the outside only through the second polarization modulation cell.
- An arbitrary area can be selectively illuminated with a simple optical system configuration, and a planar illumination device capable of easily switching the lighting area can be simply and inexpensively configured.
- the planar illumination device can be manufactured at low cost.
- Another planar illumination device includes at least three light sources that emit light having different wavelengths, and a light guide that emits light emitted from the light source from any one side and exits from one main surface.
- An optical plate, a polarizing filter that transmits light in a predetermined polarization direction and reflects light in a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction, and polarization modulation that performs predetermined modulation on the polarization characteristics of incident light A polarizing plate and a reflective sheet that regularly reflects incident light, wherein the polarizing filter and the polarizing modulation plate are arranged in the vicinity of the one main surface of the light guiding plate from the light guiding plate side, the polarizing modulation plate, and the polarization Arranged in the order of filters, the reflection sheet is arranged in the vicinity of the main surface opposite to the one main surface of the light guide plate, and at least two of the light emitted from the at least three light sources are the Stage entering the light guide plate Oite includes rotating
- two types of rotationally polarized light whose rotation directions are opposite to each other and a rotationally polarized light having the same rotational direction as one of the two types of rotationally polarized light are from the side surface of the light guide plate.
- the third rotating polarization that is incident and emitted from one main surface and has the opposite polarization direction among these three rotating polarizations functions as a quarter wavelength plate with respect to the wavelengths of the three rotating polarizations.
- the first and second rotational polarizations having the same rotation direction are transmitted through the polarization modulation cell and become the third light having the polarization direction that is transmitted through the polarization filter, transmitted through the polarization filter, and emitted to the outside. Is transmitted through the third polarization modulation cell, becomes light having a polarization direction reflected by the polarization filter, and is reflected inside by the polarization filter.
- the first rotation polarization cell is a second polarization modulation cell that functions as a quarter wavelength plate having a slow axis and a fast axis direction different from those of the third polarization modulation cell only with respect to the wavelength of the first rotation polarization.
- the second rotationally polarized light passes through the second polarization modulation cell and passes through the polarizing filter. It becomes the 2nd light which has a direction, permeate
- the second rotational polarization is a first polarization modulation cell that functions as a quarter-wave plate having a slow axis and a fast axis direction different from those of the third polarization modulation cell only with respect to the wavelength of the second rotational polarization.
- the first rotation polarization is transmitted through the first polarization modulation cell and the polarization direction transmitted through the polarization filter. It becomes the 1st light which has and permeate
- the first rotation polarization is emitted to the outside only through the first polarization modulation cell
- the second rotation polarization is emitted to the outside only through the second polarization modulation cell
- the third rotation Since the polarized light is emitted to the outside only through the third polarization modulation cell, it is possible to selectively illuminate an arbitrary area with a very simple optical system configuration, and it is possible to easily switch the lighting area.
- a planar illumination device can be configured easily and inexpensively.
- the plurality of light sources include two light sources that emit light having different wavelengths. In this case, it is possible to selectively illuminate an arbitrary area using two lights having different wavelengths, and to easily switch the lighting area.
- the plurality of light sources include at least three light sources that emit light of different wavelengths, and are disposed on the opposite side of the polarization modulation plate with respect to the polarization filter, and include a plurality of sub-filters having different filter characteristics.
- the plurality of sub-filters include a sub-filter that transmits light having a predetermined wavelength and reflects at least a part of light having a wavelength other than the predetermined wavelength.
- the light use efficiency can be improved when this planar illumination device is used in a liquid crystal display device.
- the three light sources include a blue light source that emits blue light, a green light source that emits green light, and a red light source that emits red light, and the polarization modulation plate and the polarization filter separate the green light, It is preferable that the wavelength filter separates the blue light and the red light.
- the light separated by the polarization modulation plate and the polarization filter can be green light that is an intermediate wavelength among the three colors, and the light separated by the wavelength filter can be blue light and red light.
- the wavelength range that can be used for switching between transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics in the filter is widened, and it is not necessary to give steep wavelength characteristics to each sub-filter of the wavelength filter, so that the wavelength filter can be easily manufactured. At the same time, the cost can be reduced.
- the polarization modulation cell arbitrarily and dynamically adjusts the polarization modulation amount in an arbitrary region with respect to incident light.
- the pattern shape to illuminate can be changed arbitrarily and dynamically.
- the three light sources preferably include a blue light source that emits light having a central wavelength of 400 to 490 nm, a green light source that emits light having a central wavelength of 490 to 570 nm, and a red light source that emits light having a central wavelength of 570 to 680 nm. .
- each light source by simultaneously lighting each light source with a predetermined light amount, it is possible to light an area to be displayed with an arbitrary color.
- the light source preferably includes a laser light source.
- the color purity of the light source becomes extremely high, it becomes possible to display an extremely wide color gamut.
- the light source may include a super luminescent diode.
- a planar illumination device that is easier to visually recognize can be configured.
- the light source may include a light emitting diode. In this case, the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.
- a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel and the planar illumination device that illuminates the liquid crystal panel from the back.
- the liquid crystal panel includes a color filter, and the polarization modulation plate of the polarization filter; Are arranged on the opposite side.
- a planar illumination device capable of selectively illuminating an arbitrary region with a very simple optical system configuration is used, so that the liquid crystal display device has high light utilization efficiency and low power consumption. Can be configured at a low cost with a simple configuration.
- the polarization modulation plate includes a plurality of modulation cells arranged in a matrix, and the length of one side of the modulation cell is preferably equal to or an integral multiple of the length of one side of the sub-pixel of the color filter.
- the planar illumination device of the present invention can be used as an inexpensive planar illumination device because the area of light emitted from the planar illumination device can be controlled with a simple optical system configuration.
- the liquid crystal display device using the planar illumination device of the present invention, the light of the corresponding color can be separated and incident on the sub-pixels of the liquid crystal panel with a simple configuration.
- a liquid crystal display device that is low in cost, has high light utilization efficiency, and low power consumption can be formed. Therefore, the planar illumination device and the liquid crystal display device using the planar illumination device of the present invention can be applied to illumination devices and display devices in general and are useful.
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Abstract
Description
図1乃至図3は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる面状照明装置10を説明する図であり、図1及び図2は、面状照明装置10から、偏光フィルタ19と、偏光変調板18と、反射シート17とを除いた部分の斜視図及び上面図であり、図3は、図2に示すIII-III線における、偏光変調板18と、偏光フィルタ19と、反射シート17とを含めた面状照明装置10の断面図である。
図12乃至図14は、本発明の実施の形態2にかかる面状照明装置50の説明図であり、図12は、面状照明装置50から、偏光フィルタ19と、偏光変調板58と、1/4波長板59と、反射シート17とを除いた面状照明装置50の上面図であり、図13及び図14は、図12のXIII-XIII線における面状照明装置50の断面図である。
本発明の実施の形態3にかかる液晶表示装置について、図19乃至図21を用いて説明する。図19は、本発明の実施の形態3にかかる液晶表示装置80について示したものであり、本液晶表示装置80の液晶パネル81を背面から照明する面状照明装置90aの上面図を図20に示した。ただし、図20において、偏光変調板18、偏光フィルタ19、反射シート17は記載していない。
本実施の形態4にかかる液晶表示装置130を、図25及び図26を用いて説明する。図25は、液晶パネル81と、偏光フィルタ19と、偏光変調板18と、反射シート17とを除いた液晶表示装置130の上面図であり、図26は、図25のXXVI-XXVI線における液晶表示装置130の断面図である。
Claims (17)
- 光を出射する複数の光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記複数の光源から出射された光のうち少なくとも2つは、前記導光板に入射する段階において、互いの偏光方向が直交した直線偏光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、1/2波長板として機能する偏光変調セルと、偏光特性を変調しない非変調セルとを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 光を出射する光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記光源から出射された光は、前記導光板に入射する段階において、直線偏光でかつ任意のタイミングで偏光方向を切り替え可能な光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、1/2波長板として機能する偏光変調セルと、偏光特性を変調しない非変調セルとを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 相異なる波長の光を出射する少なくとも3つの光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記少なくとも3つの光源から出射された光のうち少なくとも2つは、前記導光板に入射する段階において、互いの偏光方向が直交した直線偏光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、互いに波長特性の異なる1/2波長板として機能する少なくとも3種類の偏光変調セルを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 光を出射する複数の光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調セルを含む偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記複数の光源から出射された光のうち少なくとも2つは、前記導光板に入射する段階において、互いの偏光の回転方向が逆向きとなる回転偏光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、互いに遅軸及び速軸の向きが異なる1/4波長板として機能する複数種類の偏光変調セルを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 光を出射する光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記光源から出射された光は、前記導光板に入射する段階において、回転偏光でかつ任意のタイミングで偏光の回転方向を切り替え可能な光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、互いに遅軸及び速軸の向きが異なる1/4波長板として機能する複数種類の偏光変調セルを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 相異なる波長の光を出射する少なくとも3つの光源と、
前記光源から出射された光をいずれかの側面から入射して一方の主面から出射する導光板と、
所定の偏光方向の光を透過し、前記所定の偏光方向に対して直交する偏光方向の光を反射する偏光フィルタと、
入射する光の偏光特性に対して所定の変調を行う偏光変調板と、
入射する光を正反射する反射シートとを備え、
前記偏光フィルタ及び前記偏光変調板は、前記導光板の前記一方の主面近傍に、前記導光板側から前記偏光変調板、前記偏光フィルタの順に配置され、
前記反射シートは、前記導光板の前記一方の主面とは逆側の主面近傍に配置され、
前記少なくとも3つの光源から出射された光のうち少なくとも2つは、前記導光板に入射する段階において、互いの偏光の回転方向が逆向きとなる回転偏光を含み、
前記偏光変調板は、互いに波長特性の異なる1/4波長板として機能する少なくとも3種類の偏光変調セルを含むことを特徴とする面状照明装置。 - 前記複数の光源は、相異なる波長の光を出射する2つの光源を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は4に記載の面状照明装置。
- 前記複数の光源は、相異なる波長の光を出射する少なくとも3つの光源を含み、
前記偏光フィルタに対して前記偏光変調板とは逆側に配置され、互いに異なるフィルタ特性を有する複数のサブフィルタを含む波長フィルタをさらに備え、
前記複数のサブフィルタは、所定波長の光を透過し、前記所定波長以外の光のうち少なくとも一部を反射させるサブフィルタを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は4に記載の面状照明装置。 - 前記3つの光源は、青色光を出射する青色光源、緑色光を出射する緑色光源、及び赤色光を出射する赤色光源を含み、
前記偏光変調板及び前記偏光フィルタは、前記緑色光を分離し、
前記波長フィルタは、前記青色光と前記赤色光とを分離することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の面状照明装置。 - 前記偏光変調セルは、入射する光に対する任意の領域の偏光変調量を任意かつ動的に調整することを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置。
- 前記3つの光源は、中心波長400~490nmの光を出射する青色光源、中心波長490~570nmの光を出射する緑色光源、及び中心波長570~680nmの光を出射する赤色光源を含むこと特徴とする請求項3、6及び8のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置。
- 前記光源は、レーザ光源を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置。
- 前記光源は、スーパールミネッセントダイオードを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置。
- 前記光源は、発光ダイオードを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置。
- 液晶パネルと、
前記液晶パネルを背面から照明する請求項1~14のいずれかに記載の面状照明装置とを備え、
前記液晶パネルは、カラーフィルタを内蔵し、前記偏光フィルタの前記偏光変調板とは逆側に配置されることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 前記偏光変調板は、マトリックス状に配列された複数の変調セルを含み、
前記変調セルの一辺の長さは、前記カラーフィルタのサブピクセルの一辺の長さと同じ又は整数倍であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記変調セル間の境界領域に設けられ、入射する光を導光板側へ反射する反射コートをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の液晶表示装置。
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JP2010531368A JP5457361B2 (ja) | 2009-04-08 | 2010-04-02 | 面状照明装置及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
US12/919,923 US8233113B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 | 2010-04-02 | Surface illumination apparatus and liquid crystal display using same |
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CN101965478A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
JP5457361B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
US8233113B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
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