WO2010114033A1 - 低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010114033A1 WO2010114033A1 PCT/JP2010/055891 JP2010055891W WO2010114033A1 WO 2010114033 A1 WO2010114033 A1 WO 2010114033A1 JP 2010055891 W JP2010055891 W JP 2010055891W WO 2010114033 A1 WO2010114033 A1 WO 2010114033A1
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- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- low molecular
- polymerization
- polytetrafluoroethylene powder
- weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- Prior art date
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 111
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 8
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- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical group CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical class FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWCNWICUDXNCTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluorohexanoate Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OWCNWICUDXNCTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
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- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQUHJYVBMZGSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanium 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoate Chemical compound FC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)[O-])(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F.[SH3+] AQUHJYVBMZGSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/26—Tetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F114/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F114/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F114/26—Tetrafluoroethene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder and a method for producing the same.
- Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] powder also called PTFE micropowder
- PTFE micropowder Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] powder having a molecular weight of 600,000 or less is excellent in chemical stability, has extremely low surface energy, and is less likely to cause fibrillation.
- PTFE micropowder As an additive for improving the texture of the coating film surface, it is used in the production of plastics, inks, cosmetics, paints, greases and the like (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the method of thermally decomposing high molecular weight PTFE and the method of irradiating high molecular weight PTFE with radiation are not necessarily advantageous from the viewpoint of cost and convenience related to the equipment.
- Patent Document 4 proposes to perform polymerization using a fluoroalkane having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a chlorofluoroalkane as a chain transfer agent (telogen).
- Industrial polymerization methods include those that are unclear as to which method is used, such as the method of Patent Document 4, but are roughly classified into suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization.
- a surfactant is not used or a limited amount is used in the presence of a chain transfer agent, a polymerization initiator is dispersed in an aqueous medium, and a monomer that can be copolymerized with TFE or TFE as a monomer
- a granular powder of low molecular weight PTFE is directly isolated (see, for example, Patent Documents 5 and 6).
- the initially formed polymer is solidified at an early stage of polymerization by high shear with stirring, and the polymerization is subsequently performed on solid particles in a gas-solid reaction in which water mainly acts as a heat transfer medium. Occurs (see, for example, Patent Document 7).
- a low molecular weight PTFE powder can be obtained directly without using a surfactant or using a limited amount, but it is difficult to adjust the particle size.
- a fluorine-containing surfactant as a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier is dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a chain transfer agent, and the monomer TFE or a monomer that can be copolymerized with TFE is polymerized with TFE.
- TFE monomer TFE or a monomer that can be copolymerized with TFE
- PTFE low molecular weight PTFE.
- it can be obtained in the form of an aqueous dispersion composed of emulsified particles of 1 ⁇ m or less (also referred to as micelles or primary particles) due to the presence of a fluorine-containing surfactant (for example, Patent Document 8). reference).
- the obtained aqueous dispersion can be used for applications such as aqueous coatings as it is or by concentrating it.
- low molecular weight PTFE obtained by emulsion polymerization When low molecular weight PTFE obtained by emulsion polymerization is used as a powder, powder particles (micro powder) can be obtained by coagulating the aqueous dispersion.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder particles obtained by emulsion polymerization are characterized by a specific surface area of 7 to 20 m 2 / g (rarely 5 to 20 m 2 / g) and softer particles than those obtained by suspension polymerization. Therefore, for example, the effect of modifying the surface such as improving the texture of the coating film surface is high. Further, the oil absorption is increased, and a stable dispersion can be obtained in the matrix material.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder particles obtained by emulsion polymerization are preferable in that the particle diameter can be adjusted according to the conditions of the coagulation step described above.
- Patent Document 9 As a method for performing polymerization without adding a fluorine-containing surfactant, a suspension polymerization method of TFE in which TFE and a water-soluble peroxide are reacted in an aqueous medium is known (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). reference). Patent Document 9 also describes that an aqueous dispersion was obtained by performing TFE polymerization using disuccinic acid peroxide as a polymerization initiator in an aqueous medium without adding a surfactant.
- Patent Document 9 does not describe any data suggesting the addition of a chain transfer agent, the emulsion particle size and molecular weight of the polymer obtained.
- Patent Documents 8 and 10 the polymerization by emulsion polymerization has room for improvement in terms of dispersibility, viscosity and the like when used as an additive such as a paint. Further, as described in Patent Documents 5 to 7, there is room for improvement in the polymerization by suspension polymerization in terms of the appearance, transparency, and texture of the coating film.
- the present invention is capable of forming a coating film having excellent texture and slipperiness when used as an additive for paints and the like, and is capable of improving dispersibility and viscosity.
- Tetrafluoroethylene powder and a method for producing the same are provided.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder, an emulsion polymerization step for producing emulsion particles by polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a polymerization initiator and an aqueous medium, and the emulsion particles
- a low molecular weight comprising: an aggregating step for agglomerating the particles to form an agglomerated powder; and a suspension polymerization step for polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of the agglomerated powder, a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium. It is a manufacturing method of polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the present invention is also a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder obtained from the above method for producing a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the present invention is also an additive containing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the present invention is also a composition containing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the present invention uses emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization in combination.
- the powder obtained by emulsion polymerization can be produced stably, and when used as an additive such as paint, it can improve the surface texture and slipperiness of the coating film, and also has a large amount of oil absorption. It is easy to finely disperse to the (partner material).
- suspension polymerization unlike the emulsion polymerization, a coagulation step is not required, and the obtained powder is excellent in dispersibility and a hard powder is obtained.
- the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder obtained by the production method of the present invention has the advantages of both emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization, and can improve the texture and slipperiness of the coating surface, as well as dispersibility and viscosity. Can be improved.
- the production method of the present invention preferably contains a chain transfer agent in at least one of the emulsion polymerization step or the suspension polymerization step, and exists in both steps by adding a chain transfer agent in the emulsion polymerization step. More preferably.
- the molecular weight of the obtained low molecular weight PTFE can be adjusted, and it can be used as an additive to various counterpart materials, and its dispersibility can be improved.
- the method for producing a low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder comprises at least tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), a chain transfer agent, a polymerization initiator and an aqueous medium in a reaction vessel. It is preferable to include the addition process to add.
- a chain transfer agent and a polymerization initiator that is a water-soluble peroxide are used in combination, and emulsion polymerization is performed by emulsion-polymerizing TFE by self-emulsification or using a surfactant.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably a water-soluble peroxide, and / or the emulsion polymerization step is a step of performing polymerization in the presence of a surfactant.
- the TFE, the chain transfer agent, the polymerization initiator, and the aqueous medium that are added to the reaction vessel may be added to the reaction vessel at least before the emulsion polymerization step, and the order of addition is not particularly limited, Usually, an emulsion polymerization process is started by adding a polymerization initiator.
- the chain transfer agent is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower saturated hydrocarbons, lower halogenated hydrocarbons, and lower alcohols.
- the lower saturated hydrocarbon for example, a linear, branched or cyclic alkane having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, hexane and cyclohexane is preferable.
- halogenated hydrocarbons e.g., CH 3 Cl, CH 2 Cl 2, CH 2 CF 2 are preferred.
- the lower alcohol is preferably an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methanol or ethanol.
- the chain transfer agent is more preferably ethane or propane from the viewpoint of chain transfer ability.
- the chain transfer agent may be added to the reaction vessel all at once before the start of polymerization, may be added in several portions during the polymerization, or may be added continuously during the polymerization. May be.
- the addition amount of the chain transfer agent cannot be specified unconditionally because the appropriate range differs depending on the polymerization conditions such as the chain transfer ability, reaction temperature, polymerization pressure, or addition amount of the polymerization initiator.
- the content is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.2 to 10 mol%, based on TFE present in the water.
- a high molecular weight component is produced, and the dispersibility when added to the matrix may be inferior.
- the amount added exceeds 20 mol%, a very low molecular component having a molecular weight of about several thousand may be generated. In such a case, the high-temperature volatile component is large, and, for example, it is unsuitable for applications in which the temperature in the step of dispersing in the matrix exceeds 300 ° C., and the applications may be limited.
- any of those conventionally used in the polymerization of TFE can be used.
- a water-soluble peroxide is preferred.
- examples of the water-soluble peroxide include persulfates, sulfites, and water-soluble organic peroxides.
- the persulfate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium persulfate [APS] and potassium persulfate [KPS].
- the sulfite is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium sulfite and potassium sulfite.
- the water-soluble organic peroxide include benzoyl peroxide, disuccinic acid peroxide [DSP], and diglutaric acid peroxide.
- the polymer terminal group derived from the initiator has a hydrophilic terminal functional group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid, or a hydroxyl group. In the case of APS, KPS, and DSP, the terminal group is a carboxyl group.
- the end derived from the initiator becomes a hydrophilic group. Even in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant, emulsified particles can be produced.
- the polymerization initiator only 1 type may be added and multiple types may be added.
- the polymerization initiator those having a polymer terminal group as a carboxyl group are preferred.
- the water-soluble peroxide includes ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium sulfite, potassium sulfite, and disuccinic acid persene. More preferably, it is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxides.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble peroxide greatly depends on the type, the type and addition amount of the chain transfer agent used together, or the polymerization conditions such as the polymerization temperature and the polymerization pressure. Therefore, since the appropriate amount to be added differs depending on the polymerization, it cannot be generally defined, but the water-soluble peroxide is an aqueous medium in that a polymer chain having a hydrophilic end group imparting an emulsifying action is generated.
- the content is preferably 10 to 3000 ppm. If the added amount is less than 10 ppm with respect to the aqueous medium, the productivity may decrease.
- a more preferable addition amount is 50 to 2000 ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.
- the polymerization initiator it is preferable to use persulfate or sulfite in combination with a water-soluble organic peroxide.
- the polymerization initiator may be selected from at least one selected from the group consisting of persulfate and sulfite and at least one water-soluble organic peroxide, and has a polymerization initiating action.
- Other reagents may be used.
- the persulfate and sulfite have a short half-life and act as a polymerization initiator from the beginning of the polymerization, whereas the organic peroxide has a relatively long half-life, and the persulfate and the sulfite are used as a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator in this way is particularly preferable when the polymerization is performed at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C.
- the “liquid temperature” is the temperature of the aqueous medium that becomes the polymerization reaction liquid.
- the polymerization initiator preferably contains a persulfate or sulfite and / or a water-soluble organic peroxide and a redox catalyst.
- a redox catalyst By including a redox catalyst, the reaction can proceed even at low temperatures.
- the method of using the redox catalyst in this way is particularly preferable when the polymerization is carried out at a liquid temperature of 5 to 40 ° C.
- the above-mentioned “persulfate or sulfite and / or organic peroxide and redox catalyst” includes persulfate and redox catalyst, sulfite and redox catalyst, organic peroxide and redox catalyst, persulfate and organic peroxide. Any combination of the following five types may be used: a product, a redox catalyst, a sulfite, an organic peroxide, and a redox catalyst.
- the persulfates, sulfites, organic peroxides, and redox catalysts may be used.
- the persulfate, sulfite and organic peroxide those described above can be used.
- the redox catalyst is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a metal carbonyl-carbon tetrachloride mixture, a peroxide-iron (II) compound mixture, and the like.
- at least 1 type should just be water-soluble.
- the polymerization initiator may be present in the reaction vessel all together at the start of the polymerization, may be added in several portions during the polymerization, or may be added continuously during the polymerization. May be.
- the said aqueous medium is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is the deionized high purity pure water.
- the emulsion polymerization step is a step of producing emulsion particles by polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene.
- the emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it can generate emulsion particles.
- the emulsified particles are preferably low molecular weight PTFE particles having an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- the emulsion polymerization step is preferably a step in which 90% by mass or more of the low molecular weight PTFE produced during the emulsion polymerization step is present in an aqueous dispersion state with 100% by mass. More preferably, it is 95 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 98 mass% or more.
- the phrase “present in the state of an aqueous dispersion” means that the low molecular weight PTFE produced during the emulsion polymerization step does not solidify and exists in the form of emulsified particles. That is, it is sufficient if 90% by mass or more of the low molecular weight PTFE is present in the state of emulsified particles.
- the solid content of the solidified low molecular weight PTFE is preferably less than 10% by weight of the low molecular weight PTFE produced during the emulsion polymerization step, more preferably less than 5% by weight, and even more preferably less than 2% by weight. It is.
- the emulsified particles (dispersed particles) produced in the emulsion polymerization step preferably have an average primary particle size of 50 to 1000 nm. More preferably, it is 100 to 1000 nm, and still more preferably 100 to 300 nm.
- the average primary particle size is determined by measuring the transmittance of 550 nm projection light with respect to the unit length of the aqueous dispersion whose polymer concentration is adjusted to 0.22% by mass and the unidirectional diameter in the transmission electron micrograph. A calibration curve with the average primary particle diameter is prepared, the transmittance is measured for the aqueous dispersion to be measured, and the calibration curve can be determined based on the calibration curve.
- the emulsion polymerization step comprises a pressure resistant reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, an aqueous medium, tetrafluoroethylene, a modified monomer as necessary, a chain transfer agent as necessary, and a surfactant as necessary.
- emulsion polymerization can be started by adding a polymerization initiator, and stirring can be performed.
- the emulsion polymerization step can be performed while continuously supplying the monomer into the aqueous medium.
- a modified monomer copolymerizable with any tetrafluoroethylene may be added. The modified monomer will be described later.
- the emulsion polymerization step is preferably performed while stirring the aqueous medium.
- the stirring is too strong, the emulsified particles aggregate due to mechanical shearing force, and the polymerization reaction proceeds at the gas phase-liquid phase interface.
- emulsified particles made of low molecular weight PTFE cannot be obtained due to suspension polymerization. Therefore, in the above emulsion polymerization, when the reaction scale, the polymerization temperature and the polymerization pressure are the same as the polymerization conditions, it is preferable to reduce the stirring speed as compared with general fluoropolymer suspension polymerization.
- the stirring speed in the emulsion polymerization can be appropriately selected according to the polymerization scale and other polymerization conditions by confirming that aggregated particles are not formed at the gas phase-liquid phase interface, and is not particularly limited.
- the stirring speed was small and emulsion polymerization was performed.
- polymerization conditions such as polymerization temperature and polymerization pressure are not particularly limited, depending on the amount of TFE to be used, the type and amount of a modifier added as necessary, or productivity, although it can be appropriately selected, the polymerization temperature is preferably 5 to 100 ° C, more preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
- the polymerization pressure is preferably 0.03 to 3.0 MPa.
- emulsion particles can be generated by self-emulsion polymerization.
- self-emulsification is emulsification with a TFE monomer by using a chain transfer agent and a water-soluble peroxide, which can be carried out without adding a surfactant. That is, self-emulsion polymerization is a polymerization in which emulsion polymerization is carried out without adding fluorocarbon-based emulsifiers, fluorine-containing surfactants, etc. used in conventional TFE emulsion polymerization at the start of polymerization or during polymerization. That is.
- the emulsion polymerization is carried out in the very early polymerization system. Nuclei (emulsified particles) are generated on the surface, and stable emulsified particles are generated.
- a polymer chain having a hydrophilic end group derived from a water-soluble peroxide is generated in the initial stage of polymerization without adding a surfactant to the reaction vessel, and this has an emulsifying action. It is thought that emulsified particles are formed in the medium.
- the chain transfer agent, the water-soluble peroxide, and TFE react to produce a polymer chain having a hydrophilic end group derived from the water-soluble peroxide and having an emulsifying action.
- the chain transfer between the chain transfer agent and the polymer chain deactivates the growing end of the polymer chain, so that a short-chain TFE polymer is generated and the emulsifying action does not decrease with the increase in the degree of polymerization.
- the above self-emulsion polymerization uses a water-soluble peroxide that imparts a hydrophilic group to the polymer end as a polymerization initiator and uses a compound having a relatively high chain transfer ability as a chain transfer agent.
- An aqueous dispersion of low molecular weight PTFE having high properties can be obtained without adding a surfactant.
- the self-emulsion polymerization can reduce the production cost because the emulsion polymerization can be performed without adding a surfactant at the start of polymerization or during the polymerization. Further, the obtained low molecular weight PTFE is preferable in that there are no problems such as coloring caused by the surfactant.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by the production method of the present invention is, for example, perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA] and its salt or perfluorosulfone.
- PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
- surfactants such as acid [PFOS] and its salts are substantially not included.
- substantially does not contain means that they are not used as raw materials and are not more than the amount corresponding to 1 ppm of the polymer solid content.
- the above emulsion polymerization step may be performed in the presence of a surfactant.
- the polymerization initiator may be a water-soluble peroxide or other polymerization initiator.
- the emulsion polymerization step is one of preferable embodiments in which emulsion particles are produced by polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a surfactant.
- the addition amount of the surfactant may be set appropriately according to the emulsifying ability of the surfactant to be used, polymerization conditions, etc.
- the amount is preferably 500 ppm or less with respect to the aqueous medium. If it exceeds 500 ppm, it may be difficult to smoothly switch to suspension polymerization. For example, in order to forcibly agglomerate the emulsified particles, it may be necessary to increase the amount of acid or electrolyte added. .
- the particle diameter of emulsified particles can also be controlled by using a surfactant. Furthermore, since the amount of the surfactant to be used is small as compared with general emulsion polymerization, the production cost can be reduced, and further, coloring and the like associated with the use of the surfactant are unlikely to occur.
- the amount of the surfactant used is more preferably 300 ppm or less.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, a fluorine-containing surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant, a silicon surfactant, and the like can be used.
- the surfactant may be a polymerizable surfactant having an unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- it may be a fluorine-containing surfactant or silicon surfactant having an unsaturated bond in the molecule, or may be a hydrocarbon surfactant having an unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the surfactant is a fluorine-containing surfactant.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant is a fluorine-containing compound containing at least one fluorine atom in the molecular structure, and means a compound exhibiting surface activity.
- the fluorine-containing surfactant is not particularly limited, but is preferably a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant.
- fluorine-containing surfactant general formula (I) Rf 1 -Y 1 (I) (Wherein Rf 1 represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms into which a divalent oxygen atom may be inserted, and Y 1 represents —COOM 1 , —SO 3 M 2 , -SO 2 NM 3 M 4 or -PO 3 M 5 M 6
- M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 , M 5 and M 6 are the same or different and represent H or a monovalent cation. .
- Rf 1 is more preferably a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms into which a divalent oxygen atom may be inserted.
- —COOH, —COONa, —COOK or —COONH 4 is preferable, and —COONH 4 is more preferable.
- fluorine-containing surfactant As the fluorine-containing surfactant, the general formula (II) CF 3- (CF 2 ) n1 -Y 1 (II) (Wherein n1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, Y 1 is the same as above), a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant represented by the general formula (III) Rf 2 O—Rf 3 O—Rf 4 —Y 1 (III) (Wherein Rf 2 represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Rf 3 and Rf 4 each independently represents a linear or branched fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, Rf 2 , Rf 3 And Rf 4 has a total of 6 or less carbon atoms, and Y 1 is the same as above.
- fluorine-containing anionic surfactant represented by the general formula (II) examples include CF 3 (CF 2 ) 4 COONH 4 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 COONH 4 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 COONH 4. , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 SO 3 Na, CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 SO 2 NH 2 and the like.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing anionic surfactant represented by the general formula (III) include a general formula CF 3 O—CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O—CX 1 (CF 3 ) —Y 1. (Wherein X 1 represents H or F, and Y 1 is the same as above), a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant represented by the general formula: CF 3 O—CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 O—CFX 1 CF 2 -Y 1 (Wherein X 1 represents H or F, and Y 1 is the same as above), a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant represented by the general formula CF 3 CF 2 O—CF 2 CF 2 O—CFX 1 — Y 1 (Wherein, X 1 represents H or F, and Y 1 is the same as above), and the like. 1 type of the said fluorine-containing surfactant may be used and it may use 2 or more types together.
- the surfactant is a hydrocarbon surfactant.
- the hydrocarbon-based surfactant is not particularly limited as long as it does not contain a fluorine atom.
- alkyl sulfates represented by ammonium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, fatty acids, and these Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether nonionic surfactants, and the like.
- the nonionic surfactant is represented by the following general formula (IV).
- R 1 —O—A 1 —H (IV) (In the formula, R 1 is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and A 1 is composed of a copolymer chain of oxyethylene and oxypropylene. A polyoxyalkylene chain or an oxyalkylene chain), a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactant represented by the following general formula (V) R 2 —C 6 H 4 —OA 2 —H (V) In the formula, R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and A 2 is a polyoxyalkylene chain.
- Nonionic surfactants are preferred.
- the production method of the present invention includes an aggregating step for aggregating emulsified particles to produce an agglomerated powder, and a suspension polymerization step for polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of the agglomerated powder, a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium.
- the suspension polymerization process can be started after performing the aggregation process or simultaneously with performing the aggregation process.
- the aggregation process and the suspension polymerization process may be performed in the reaction vessel used in the emulsion polymerization step or in a different reaction vessel.
- the aggregating step can also be performed using special equipment equipped with a means for aggregating the emulsified particles.
- the agglomerated powder is an aggregate of emulsified particles produced by agglomeration of emulsified particles.
- the agglomeration may be performed by using a method capable of forcibly agglomerating the emulsion particles generated in the emulsion polymerization step. For example, at least one of an electrolyte and an acid is added to the reaction vessel, and / or emulsion polymerization is performed. It is preferable to make the stirring speed faster than in the process.
- the aggregating step is preferably a step of aggregating the emulsified particles by adding an electrolyte to the reaction vessel. By adding the electrolyte, the emulsified particles can be easily aggregated.
- the electrolyte is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium sulfate. According to this, aggregation of emulsified particles can be performed more efficiently.
- the electrolyte is preferably added in an amount of 50 to 10,000 ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.
- the emulsified particles have high stability, and if the amount is less than 50 ppm, sufficient aggregation may not be achieved. If an amount exceeding 10,000 ppm is added, the polymer may remain. More preferably, it is 100 to 5000 ppm.
- the electrolyte having substantially no chain transfer property is preferably an inorganic salt, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide, ammonium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate.
- 1 type may be added to the said electrolyte and 2 or more types may be added. Further, it may be added all at once before or at the start of the suspension polymerization process, or may be added in appropriate portions during the suspension polymerization process, or continuously added during the suspension polymerization process. May be.
- the said aggregation process is what adds an acid in reaction container. By adding an acid, the emulsified particles can be easily aggregated.
- the acid is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid.
- the acid is preferably added in an amount of 50 to 10,000 ppm based on the aqueous medium.
- the emulsified particles have high stability, and if the amount is less than 50 ppm, sufficient aggregation may not be achieved. If an amount exceeding 10,000 ppm is added, the polymer may remain. More preferably, it is 100 to 5000 ppm.
- 1 type of the said acid may be added and 2 or more types may be added. Further, it may be added all at once before or at the start of the suspension polymerization process, or may be added in appropriate portions during the suspension polymerization process, or continuously added during the suspension polymerization process. May be.
- the suspension polymerization step can be performed in a pressure-resistant reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer while adjusting the temperature and pressure while stirring the aqueous medium.
- the suspension polymerization can also be performed while continuously supplying the monomer into the aqueous medium.
- a modified monomer described later may be added as the monomer in addition to TFE.
- polymerization conditions such as polymerization temperature and polymerization pressure are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the amount of TFE to be used, the type and amount of the modified monomer, productivity, and the like.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably 5 to 100 ° C., more preferably 50 to 90 ° C.
- the polymerization pressure is preferably 0.03 to 3.0 MPa.
- the suspension polymerization step is preferably one that solidifies 90% by mass or more of the low molecular weight PTFE produced during the polymerization step.
- an aggregation step for forcibly aggregating the emulsion particles generated in the emulsion polymerization step It can be said that at least a suspension polymerization step for polymerizing TFE was performed. More preferably, it is 95 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 98 mass% or more.
- the solid content of the low molecular weight PTFE remaining in the liquid phase is preferably less than 2.5% by mass and more preferably less than 0.5% by mass with respect to the aqueous medium. Stirring in the suspension polymerization step is preferably sufficiently performed so that 90% by mass or more of the low molecular weight PTFE is solidified.
- the emulsion polymerization step and the suspension polymerization step can be shortened by continuously performing the monomer polymerization in the emulsion polymerization step. Specifically, while emulsion polymerization is in progress, the electrolyte or acid is added to the aqueous medium and / or the emulsion particles are forcibly aggregated by increasing the stirring speed in comparison with the emulsion polymerization step. Alternatively, suspension polymerization is started after forcibly agglomerating the emulsified particles. By increasing the stirring speed, switching from emulsion polymerization to suspension polymerization can be performed smoothly. As the method of forcibly agglomerating, it is preferable to use a method of increasing the stirring speed and a method of adding an electrolyte or an acid in an aqueous medium in combination. Particularly preferred.
- the polymer yield at the end of the polymerization is preferably 10% or more, preferably 20% with respect to the aqueous medium from the viewpoint of productivity. That's it.
- the production method of the present invention may include a recovery step of recovering the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder from the reaction vessel after the suspension polymerization step of producing a low molecular weight PTFE powder by suspension polymerization of at least tetrafluoroethylene.
- the recovery step is not particularly limited as long as the low molecular weight PTFE powder produced by suspension polymerization is recovered from the reaction vessel. For example, it can be recovered by scooping out the low molecular weight PTFE powder floating in the aqueous medium in the reaction vessel.
- the production method of the present invention comprises an introduction step of introducing an aqueous medium and at least tetrafluoroethylene into a reaction vessel, a polymerization initiation step of introducing a polymerization initiator to start polymerization, and the presence of the polymerization initiator and the aqueous medium.
- a preferred embodiment is a method comprising a suspension polymerization step of polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a powder, a polymerization initiator and an aqueous medium, and a recovery step of recovering low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder from a reaction vessel.
- the production method of the present invention comprises an introduction step of introducing an aqueous medium and at least tetrafluoroethylene into a reaction vessel, a polymerization initiation step of introducing a polymerization initiator to start polymerization, and the presence of the polymerization initiator and the aqueous medium.
- An emulsion polymerization step of polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene to produce emulsion particles, a recovery step of recovering the aqueous dispersion containing the emulsion particles from the reaction vessel, and the recovered aqueous dispersion to the reaction vessel or the reaction vessel A step of charging into a reaction vessel different from the above, a charging step of charging an aqueous medium and at least tetrafluoroethylene into the reaction vessel, an aggregating step of aggregating emulsified particles in the aqueous dispersion to produce an agglomerated powder, and agglomeration Suspension polymerization process for polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of powder, polymerization initiator and aqueous medium, It is one of preferred embodiment is a method comprising recovering step of recovering the molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the production method of the present invention comprises an introduction step of introducing an aqueous medium and at least tetrafluoroethylene into a reaction vessel, a polymerization initiation step of introducing a polymerization initiator to start polymerization, and the presence of the polymerization initiator and the aqueous medium.
- a method including a recovery step of recovering the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder from the reaction vessel Which is one of the preferred embodiments.
- the production method of the present invention comprises an introduction step of introducing an aqueous medium and at least tetrafluoroethylene into a reaction vessel, a polymerization initiation step of introducing a polymerization initiator to start polymerization, and the presence of the polymerization initiator and the aqueous medium.
- a turbid polymerization step it is also one of the preferred embodiment is a method comprising the recovery step of recovering the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene
- the polymerization initiator present in the suspension polymerization step may be a polymerization initiator added to start the emulsion polymerization step, or may be a newly added polymerization initiator after completion of the emulsion polymerization step. Further, a polymerization initiator additionally charged during the suspension polymerization step may be used.
- the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder (hereinafter also referred to as “low molecular weight PTFE powder”) obtained by the production method of the present invention comprises low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “low molecular weight PTFE”). Is.
- the present invention is also a low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by the above production method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE has a number average molecular weight of 600,000 or less. If it exceeds 600,000, the fibrillation characteristics are manifested and it tends to agglomerate, so it may be inferior in fine dispersibility. If the number average molecular weight of the said low molecular weight PTFE is in the said range, a preferable minimum can be made into 10,000, for example. If it is less than 10,000, it is highly volatile at high temperatures and may not be suitable for heat-resistant paints such as paints that require baking.
- the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight PTFE is a value calculated from the melt viscosity obtained by measurement using a flow tester method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE preferably has a melt viscosity at 380 ° C. of 700,000 Pa ⁇ s or less. By setting the melt viscosity within the above range, a low molecular weight PTFE having a number average molecular weight of 600,000 or less can be obtained.
- the melt viscosity at 380 ° C. is more preferably 10,000 Pa ⁇ s or less, and still more preferably 5000 Pa ⁇ s or less. If the melt viscosity is too high, the transparency of the coating film may be reduced when used as an additive for coatings.
- the melt viscosity is in accordance with ASTM D 1238, and a 2 g sample previously heated at 380 ° C. for 5 minutes using a flow tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and a 2 ⁇ -8L die under a load of 0.7 MPa. And measured at the above temperature.
- the number average molecular weight is a value calculated from the melt viscosity measured by the measurement method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE preferably has a melting point of 324 to 333 ° C.
- the above melting point was calibrated using indium and lead as a standard sample using a differential scanning calorimeter RDC220 (DSC) manufactured by SII Nanotechnology, Inc., and about 3 mg of low molecular weight PTFE powder was made from aluminum. It is placed in a bread maker (crimp container) and heated in an air stream of 200 ml / min at a temperature range of 250 to 380 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min, and the minimum point of heat of fusion in the above range is defined as the melting point.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the above production method is to produce emulsion particles by polymerizing at least tetrafluoroethylene, and tetrafluoroethylene and a modified monomer copolymerizable with tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as “modifier”), May be polymerized. That is, the low molecular weight PTFE is tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer [TFE homopolymer] and / or modified polytetrafluoroethylene [modified PTFE].
- TFE homopolymer and / or modified PTFE means a TFE homopolymer that does not contain a modified PTFE, a modified PTFE that does not contain a TFE homopolymer, or a TFE homopolymer and a modified PTFE. It means any one of PTFE.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene in the term “low molecular weight PTFE” may generally represent the above TFE homopolymer, but in the present specification, the “low molecular weight PTFE” may be a TFE homopolymer and / or a modified PTFE. As is clear from the above, it is not limited to the TFE homopolymer, but only a part of the term “low molecular weight PTFE”.
- the “low molecular weight PTFE” as a whole refers to a TFE homopolymer and / or modified PTFE as a whole.
- the TFE homopolymer is obtained by polymerizing only tetrafluoroethylene [TFE] as a monomer.
- the modified PTFE means a polymer obtained by polymerizing TFE and a modifying agent.
- the modifying agent in the modified PTFE is not particularly limited as long as it can be copolymerized with TFE.
- perfluoroolefin such as hexafluoropropene [HFP]; chlorofluoro such as chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE]
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- examples include olefins; hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [VdF]; perfluorovinyl ethers; perfluoroalkylethylenes such as perfluorobutylethylene; ethylene and the like.
- 1 type may be sufficient as the modifier used, and multiple types may be sufficient as it.
- the “perfluoro organic group” means an organic group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- the perfluoro organic group may have ether oxygen.
- perfluorovinyl ether examples include perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] in which Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the general formula (VI).
- the perfluoroalkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group in the PAVE include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, and a perfluorohexyl group. Groups are preferred.
- Rf is a perfluoro (alkoxyalkyl) group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- perfluoro (alkoxyalkyl vinyl ether) or perfluoro (alkyl polyoxyalkylene vinyl ether) which represents an organic group represented by
- perfluorovinyl ether and chlorotrifluoroethylene are preferable, and as the perfluorovinyl ether, PAVE is preferable.
- the proportion of the modifier in the total amount of the modifier and TFE is preferably 1% by mass or less when the perfluorovinyl ether is used as the modifier, for example. 0.001 to 1% by mass is more preferable.
- modified PTFE 1 type, or 2 or more types of modified PTFE from which a number average molecular weight, a copolymer composition, etc. differ may exist, for example.
- TFE homopolymer 1 type, or 2 or more types of TFE homopolymers from which a number average molecular weight differs may exist, for example.
- An unstable terminal group derived from the chemical structure of the polymerization initiator or the chain transfer agent may be generated at the molecular chain terminal of the low molecular weight PTFE.
- the unstable terminal group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include —CH 2 OH, —COOH, —COOCH 3 and the like.
- the low molecular weight PTFE may be one obtained by stabilizing an unstable end group.
- the method for stabilizing the unstable terminal group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of changing the terminal to a trifluoromethyl group [—CF 3 ] by exposure to a fluorine-containing gas.
- the low molecular weight PTFE may also be subjected to terminal amidation.
- the method for terminal amidation is not particularly limited.
- a fluorocarbonyl group [—COF obtained by exposure to the above-mentioned fluorine-containing gas, etc.] And the like are brought into contact with ammonia gas.
- the resulting low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention can be applied to paints, greases, cosmetics, plating solutions, toners, plastics.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention preferably has a specific surface area of 4 to 10 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area is relatively small, so that the powder flying and adhesion to the hopper can be reduced. If it is less than 4 m 2 / g, the fine dispersion in the matrix material may be inferior. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 m 2 , for example, the effect of modifying the surface such as improving the texture of the coating film surface is high, the amount of oil absorption is increased, and a stable dispersion can be obtained in the matrix material.
- the dispersibility of the paint may be inferior, and the viscosity of the paint may increase.
- the upper limit of the specific surface area is more preferably 8 m 2 and the lower limit is more preferably 5 m 2 .
- the specific surface area is measured using a surface analyzer (trade name: MONOSORB, manufactured by QUANTA CHLROME), using a mixed gas of 30% nitrogen and 70% helium as a carrier gas, and using liquid nitrogen for cooling. It is a value measured by the BET method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention is more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is obtained by measuring the particle size distribution with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Nippon Laser Co., Ltd.) without using a cascade, with a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a measurement time of 3 seconds. To a particle size corresponding to 50%.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder is a powdery solid composed of low molecular weight PTFE.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention may be pulverized. That is, the method for producing a low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention is one of preferred embodiments that further includes a pulverizing step of pulverizing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder. The pulverization step is preferably performed after the recovery step.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention has an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the powder has a smaller particle diameter, for example, when used as an additive for paints, a coating film having better surface smoothness can be formed.
- a low molecular weight PTFE powder having an average particle diameter within the above range can be easily obtained by pulverization.
- the pulverization method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a pulverization method.
- a method of pulverizing with a pulverizer after irradiating the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by the suspension polymerization step with radiation is also one of the preferable methods.
- the pulverizer examples include an impact type such as a hammer mill, a pin mill, and a jet mill, and a grinding type such as a cutter mill in which a rotating blade and an outer peripheral stator are pulverized by a shearing force caused by unevenness.
- the pulverization temperature is preferably ⁇ 200 to 100 ° C. In the freeze pulverization, the temperature is usually -200 to -100 ° C, but may be pulverized at room temperature (10 to 30 ° C). Liquid nitrogen is generally used for freeze pulverization, but the equipment is enormous and the pulverization cost is high. It is appropriate to grind at room temperature (10 ° C.) to 100 ° C., preferably at a temperature close to room temperature (10 ° C. to 30 ° C.) in that the process becomes simple and the grinding cost can be reduced.
- fine particles and fibrous particles may be removed by airflow classification, and then coarse particles may be further removed by classification.
- the pulverized particles are sent to a cylindrical classification chamber by reduced-pressure air, dispersed by a swirling airflow in the room, and fine particles are classified by centrifugal force.
- the fine particles are collected from the center to the cyclone and bag filter.
- a rotating body such as a conical cone or a rotor is installed so that the pulverized particles and the air can perform a swirl motion uniformly.
- the classification point is adjusted by adjusting the air volume of the secondary air and the gap between the classification cones.
- the air volume in the classification chamber according to the number of rotations of the rotor.
- Examples of the method for removing coarse particles include air classification using a mesh, vibrating sieve, ultrasonic sieve, and the like, and air classification is preferred.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention is one of the preferable forms that have been irradiated with radiation. That is, it is preferable that the method for producing the low molecular weight PTFE powder further includes an irradiation step of irradiating the low molecular weight PTFE powder with radiation. Moreover, the above-mentioned crushing process may be included after the said irradiation process. The irradiation step is preferably performed after the recovery step.
- Examples of the radiation include ⁇ -rays, electron beams, and X-rays.
- electron beams or ⁇ -rays are preferable.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention may be pyrolyzed. That is, the method for producing a low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention is one of preferable embodiments that further includes a thermal decomposition step of thermally decomposing the low molecular weight PTFE recovered by the recovery step. Moreover, after the said thermal decomposition process, the grinding
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention may be gelled. That is, the method for producing a low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention may include a step of gelation by heat-treating the low molecular weight PTFE powder produced in the suspension polymerization step.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 250 ° C. or higher and lower than 340 ° C.
- a preferable lower limit is 300 ° C.
- a preferable upper limit is a melting point of low molecular weight PTFE, for example, 330 ° C.
- the gelled low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention was completely gelated for all the particles of the low molecular weight PTFE powder and gelled for some particles or part of one particle. It may be in any state of “semi-gelation” and “semi-gelation”.
- the particles of the low molecular weight PTFE powder are fused by point contact, and as a whole, a lump is formed that is bonded together with a weak bonding force.
- the polymer chains increase in momentum in the individual particles of the low molecular weight PTFE powder and are entangled with each other. As a result, the individual particles tend to shrink in a small size and a dense structure.
- the apparent density of the individual particles obtained by the above heat treatment is generally higher than that of the powder before the heat treatment, so that the powder does not move so much that the powder flowability is improved and the filling into the hopper is improved. Can be made. You may grind
- the pulverization treatment is preferably performed so as to be divided into individual particles of the low molecular weight PTFE powder. Further, the pulverization treatment may be performed by the above-described pulverization method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE of the present invention can be used as an additive such as a paint to form a coating film having excellent texture and slipperiness, and can improve dispersibility and viscosity. it can. That is, the low molecular weight PTFE can be particularly suitably used as an additive to various materials. Specifically, it is particularly preferably used as an additive shown below.
- This invention is an additive containing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder obtained by the said manufacturing method.
- the additive is preferably an additive for a coating composition, a grease composition, a cosmetic composition, a plating solution composition, a toner composition, or a plastics composition.
- the present invention is also a composition containing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the composition is preferably a paint, grease, cosmetic, plating solution, toner, or plastics.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention can impart excellent texture and glossiness in various applications as described above, and improves the advantages and dispersibility of the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by emulsion polymerization. It is an additive that can improve the viscosity and has the advantages of low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by suspension polymerization. Additives for the above paints, greases, cosmetics, plating solutions, toners or plastics compositions can be produced by methods generally used for these applications, and may be used in combination with other additives. Good. Moreover, the composition which is the said coating material, grease, cosmetics, plating liquid, toner, or plastics can be manufactured by mixing with the other party material generally used in various uses by a normal method.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention is an additive for modifying paints, greases, cosmetics, plating solutions, toners, plastics, or the like. Can be suitably used.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used as an additive such as a paint to form a coating film having excellent texture and slipperiness, and improve dispersibility and viscosity. Can do.
- aqueous solution in which 700 mg of disuccinic acid peroxide [DSP] was dissolved in 20 g of deionized water and an aqueous solution in which 700 mg of ammonium persulfate [APS] was dissolved in 20 g of deionized water were pressed into the tank by TFE. . Since the internal pressure of the tank decreased due to the decomposition of the polymerization initiator, TFE was continuously supplied to maintain the internal pressure of the tank at 0.80 ⁇ 0.05 MPa. During the polymerization reaction, the temperature in the tank was always adjusted to 85 ⁇ 1 ° C., and the stirring rotation speed was controlled to 700 rpm.
- Comparative Example 2 A 6 L stainless steel autoclave equipped with a stainless steel anchor-type stirring blade and temperature control jacket was charged with 2750 g of deionized water, 90 g of paraffin wax, and 14 g of a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium perfluorooctanoate and sealed. did. Thereafter, the polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the stirring rotation speed during the polymerization reaction was controlled to 300 rpm. No polymer powder was present on the liquid surface after polymerization, and an aqueous dispersion of low molecular weight PTFE was obtained. Table 1 shows the solid content concentration in the aqueous phase in this aqueous dispersion.
- Reference example 1 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the stirring rotation speed during the polymerization reaction was controlled at 350 rpm, and stirring was stopped when the TFE consumption was 315 g. A small amount of wet polymer powder floats on the liquid surface after polymerization. Table 1 shows the solid content concentration in the aqueous phase after the suspended powder is washed with deionized water and filtered. The filtered polymer powder was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours. The amount of powder obtained after drying was 2.5 g. The liquid phase after polymerization was an aqueous dispersion of white low molecular weight PTFE.
- Example 1 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, and when the TFE consumption was 175 g, the stirring rotation speed was changed to 700 rpm, and the polymerization reaction was further carried out until 525 g of TFE was consumed. Stirring was stopped when the total consumption of TFE was 700 g, and the inside of the tank was depressurized. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Example 2 A polymerization reaction was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, and an aqueous solution in which 3.4 g of oxalic acid dihydrate was dissolved in 20 g of deionized water when TFE consumption was 175 g was injected into the tank with TFE and stirred. While controlling the number of rotations at 350 rpm, the polymerization reaction was carried out until 525 g of TFE was consumed. Stirring was stopped when the total consumption of TFE was 700 g, and the inside of the tank was depressurized. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Example 3 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the stirring rotation speed up to 700 g was controlled to 700 rpm after the time when the amount of TFE consumption reached 175 g.
- the polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered.
- the polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder.
- concentration in an aqueous phase was measured in the dispersion liquid after filtering polymer powder. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the injection of the oxalic acid dihydrate aqueous solution into the tank was changed to the point where the consumption of TFE was 50 g and the polymerization reaction was continued until 650 g of TFE was consumed. Carried out. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Example 5 The amount of ethane charged was changed to 0.2 g, the pressure of the oxalic acid dihydrate aqueous solution was changed to the point where the consumption of TFE was 105 g, and the polymerization reaction was continued until 595 g of TFE was consumed. Except for the above, the polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Example 6 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the injection of the aqueous solution of oxalic acid dihydrate into the tank was changed to the point where the TFE consumption was 315 g and the polymerization reaction was continued until 385 g of TFE was consumed. Carried out. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Reference example 2 A polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that 1.12 g of a 50% aqueous solution of ammonium perfluorohexanoate [APFHx] was charged together with 2760 g of deionized water. A small amount of wet polymer powder floated on the liquid surface after polymerization, and the suspended powder was washed with deionized water and filtered. The filtered polymer powder was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours. The amount of powder obtained after drying was 1.2 g. Moreover, the solid content density
- APFHx ammonium perfluorohexanoate
- Example 7 A polymerization reaction was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, and an aqueous solution in which 430 mg of oxalic acid dihydrate was dissolved in 20 g of deionized water when TFE consumption was 315 g was injected into the tank with TFE, and the number of stirring revolutions was increased. was controlled at 700 rpm, and the polymerization reaction was carried out until 385 g of TFE was consumed. Stirring was stopped when the total consumption of TFE was 700 g, and the inside of the tank was depressurized. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- Example 8 The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the injection of the oxalic acid dihydrate aqueous solution into the tank was changed to the point where the TFE consumption was 490 g and the polymerization reaction was continued until 210 g of TFE was consumed. Carried out. The polymer surface after polymerization and the wet polymer powder in the solution are washed with deionized water and filtered. The polymer powder separated by filtration was dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 160 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain a low molecular weight PTFE powder. Moreover, the solid content density
- the average primary particle diameter is determined by measuring the transmittance of 550 nm projection light with respect to the unit length of an aqueous dispersion whose polymer concentration is adjusted to 0.22% by mass, and the unidirectional diameter in a transmission electron micrograph. A calibration curve with the average primary particle diameter was prepared, the transmittance was measured for the aqueous dispersion to be measured, and the determination was made based on the calibration curve.
- Specific surface area Measurement was performed by a BET method using a surface analyzer (trade name: MONOSORB, manufactured by QUANTA CHLROME).
- a carrier gas a mixed gas of 30% nitrogen and 70% helium was used, and cooling was performed using liquid nitrogen.
- Crushing comparison example 1 The low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Comparative Example 1 was finely pulverized with a pulverizer.
- a pulverizer an air jet mill 200AFG manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation equipped with a classifier was used. The classifying rotor of the classifier was rotated at about 9000 rpm.
- Example 3 The low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Example 3 was finely pulverized in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 for pulverization at a rotational speed of the classification rotor of about 7000 rpm.
- Example 2 The low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Example 8 was finely pulverized in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 for pulverization at a rotational speed of the classification rotor of about 7000 rpm.
- Pre-evaluation for coating In advance, 42 g of polyethersulfone was added to a mixed solvent of 130 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 24 g of xylene and 72 g of methyl isobutyl ketone, and stirred and mixed with a disperser stirrer until the mixed solution became transparent. 16.8 g of low molecular weight PTFE powder was added, and the mixture was stirred and mixed at a stirring speed of 3000 rpm for 30 minutes.
- a carbon black paste prepared by stirring 1.2 g of carbon black and 14 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added to the low molecular weight PTFE dispersion solution, and stirred and mixed at a stirring speed of 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Produced.
- the above-mentioned paint was spray-coated on the degreased aluminum plate, dried at 90 ° C. for 15 minutes, and further baked at 380 ° C. for 15 minutes to prepare a coated plate.
- Paint viscosity The paint viscosity was measured according to JIS K 6893.
- Glossiness Glossiness 60 ° was measured according to JIS K 5400.
- Abrasion resistance According to ASTM D-1044, the friction material CS-17 was used, and the amount of wear after 1000 revolutions was measured at a load of 1.0 kg.
- the appearance of the coating film was observed by visual inspection of the coating film.
- the coating film appearance of the paint to which the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Comparative Example 1 was added was rougher than that of the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Comparative Example 2, Examples 3 and 8.
- the coating film appearances of the paints to which the low molecular weight PTFE powders obtained in pulverization comparative examples 1 and 2 and pulverization examples 1 and 2 were added were all smooth and good, but among them, pulverization comparative example 2 and pulverization example 1
- the coating film appearance of the paint to which the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in 2 was added was particularly smooth and textured.
- the coating material to which the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Comparative Example 1 was added had a coating viscosity lower than that of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 3 and 8, and caused dripping during coating.
- the viscosity of the paint to which the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in Comparative Example 2 was added was high, and the handleability was poor.
- the coating material added with the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in the pulverization comparative example 1 also has a lower coating viscosity than the coating material added with the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in the pulverization examples 1 and 2, and at the time of coating. The liquid was liable to drip, and the viscosity of the coating material to which the low molecular weight PTFE powder obtained in the pulverized comparative example 2 was added was high, and the handleability was poor.
- the low molecular weight PTFE powder of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it can be suitably used as an additive to paints, greases, cosmetics, plating solutions, toners, plastics and the like.
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Abstract
Description
工業的な重合方法としては、特許文献4の方法のように何れの方法で行うか不明確なものもあるが、懸濁重合と乳化重合に大別される。
乳化重合により得られる低分子量PTFE粉末粒子の特徴としては、懸濁重合により得られるものより、比表面積が7~20m2/g(稀に、5~20m2/g)と大きく、粒子が柔らかいため、例えば、塗膜表面の質感を向上させる等、表面を改質する効果が高い。また、吸油量も多くなり、マトリックス材料に安定した分散体が得られる。さらに、乳化重合により得られる低分子量PTFE粉末粒子は、上述した凝析工程の条件により、粒子径の調整が可能であるという点で好ましい。
このことより、これらの含フッ素界面活性剤を添加せずに重合を行うPTFEの製造方法が求められていた。
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の製造方法により得られる低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末は、乳化重合、懸濁重合のそれぞれの利点を併せ持ち、塗膜表面の質感、滑り性を向上させることができるとともに、分散性、粘度を改善することができる。
すなわち、本発明の製造方法は、重合開始剤が水溶性過酸化物である、及び/又は、上記乳化重合工程が界面活性剤の存在下で重合を行う工程である、ことが好ましい。
反応容器内に添加される、TFE、連鎖移動剤、重合開始剤及び水性媒体は、少なくとも乳化重合工程の前に反応容器内に添加されていればよく、その添加する順番は特に限定されないが、通常、重合開始剤を添加することで、乳化重合工程は開始される。
上記亜硫酸塩としては特に限定されず、例えば、亜硫酸アンモニウム、亜硫酸カリウム等が挙げられる。
上記水溶性有機過酸化物としては、例えば、過酸化ベンゾイル、ジコハク酸パーオキサイド〔DSP〕、ジグルタル酸パーオキサイド等が挙げられる。
上記水溶性過酸化物を重合開始剤に用いた場合、開始剤由来のポリマー末端基は、親水性の末端官能基、例えば、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸、あるいは水酸基を有するものとなる。APS、KPS、DSPの場合、末端基はカルボキシル基となる。
上記「過硫酸塩若しくは亜硫酸塩及び/又は有機過酸化物と、レドックス触媒」は、過硫酸塩とレドックス触媒、亜硫酸塩とレドックス触媒、有機過酸化物とレドックス触媒、過硫酸塩と有機過酸化物とレドックス触媒、亜硫酸塩と有機過酸化物とレドックス触媒の5通りのうち何れの組み合わせであってもよい。
上記過硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩及び有機過酸化物としては上述したものを用いることができる。
上記レドックス触媒としては特に限定されず、例えば、金属カルボニル-四塩化炭素混合物、過酸化物-鉄(II)化合物の混合物等が挙げられる。
また、上記重合開始剤としては、少なくとも1種が水溶性であればよい。
上記重合開始剤は、重合開始時に一括して反応容器中に存在していてもよいし、重合中に複数回に分割して添加してもよいし、また、重合中に連続的に添加してもよい。
上記「水性分散液の状態で存在する」とは、上記乳化重合工程中に生成した低分子量PTFEが凝固せず、乳化粒子の状態で存在することを意味する。すなわち、上記低分子量PTFEの90質量%以上が乳化粒子の状態で存在するものであればよい。より好ましくは95質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは98質量%以上である。
凝固した低分子量PTFEの固形分の量は、乳化重合工程中に生成した低分子量PTFEの10質量%未満であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5質量%未満であり、更に好ましくは2質量%未満である。
上記乳化重合工程は、上記モノマーとして、TFEに加え、任意のテトラフルオロエチレンと共重合可能な変性モノマーを添加するものであってもよい。上記変性モノマーについては、後述する。
上記乳化重合における攪拌速度は、気相-液相界面に凝集粒子が生成しないことを確認することにより重合スケールやその他の重合条件に応じて適宜選択することができ、特に限定されないが、上述のように、低分子量PTFEの90質量%以上が乳化粒子の状態で存在するものであれば、攪拌速度が小さく、乳化重合が行われたということができる。
(1)連鎖移動剤と水溶性過酸化物とTFEとが反応することにより、水溶性過酸化物由来の親水性末端基を有し乳化作用を持つポリマー鎖が生長するが、該ポリマー鎖の生長過程において、連鎖移動剤とポリマー鎖間の連鎖移動により該ポリマー鎖の生長末端が失活するので短鎖のTFE重合体が生成し、重合度の増加に伴う乳化作用の低下が起こらないこと、
(2)上記連鎖移動剤として使用する上述の化合物は連鎖移動能が高いため、上述の短鎖TFE重合体の重合度は低く、より高い乳化効果を示すこと、
(3)重合初期以降も水溶性過酸化物の分解が続くため、上述の親水性末端基を有する短鎖TFE重合体の生成は持続されること、
によりTFE重合体が乳化粒子として安定的に分散している水性分散液が得られることが推測される。
本明細書において、「実質的に含まない」とは、それらを原料として用いておらず、ポリマー固形分量の1ppmに相当する量以下であることを意味する。
上記含フッ素界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤であることが好ましく、例えば、少なくとも1個の水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された炭素数7~12の炭化水素と、カルボン酸、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸、スルホン酸基等の親水基とからなるものが挙げられ、工業的には、パーフルオロオクタン酸アンモニウム、パーフルオロオクタン酸スルホニウム塩;パーフルオロカルボン酸およびその塩;等が挙げられる。
Rf1-Y1 (I)
(式中、Rf1は2価の酸素原子が挿入されていてもよい炭素数2~12の直鎖又は分岐のフルオロアルキル基を表し、Y1は、-COOM1、-SO3M2、-SO2NM3M4又は-PO3M5M6を表す。上記M1、M2、M3、M4、M5及びM6は、同一又は異なって、H又は一価カチオンを表す。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤が好ましい。
上記一価カチオンとしては、例えば、-Na、-K、-NH4等が挙げられる。上記Rf1は、2価の酸素原子が挿入されていてもよい炭素数2~6の直鎖又は分岐のフルオロアルキル基であることがより好ましい。
CF3-(CF2)n1-Y1 (II)
(式中、n1は1~5の整数を表し、Y1は上記と同じ。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤、一般式(III)
Rf2O-Rf3O-Rf4-Y1 (III)
(式中、Rf2は炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基を表し、Rf3及びRf4はそれぞれ独立に直鎖又は分岐の炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキレン基を表し、Rf2、Rf3及びRf4は炭素数が合計で6以下である。Y1は上記と同じ。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤がより好ましい。
CF3O-CF(CF3)CF2O-CX1(CF3)-Y1
(式中、X1はH又はFを表し、Y1は上記と同じ。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤、一般式
CF3O-CF2CF2CF2O-CFX1CF2-Y1
(式中、X1はH又はFを表し、Y1は上記と同じ。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤、一般式
CF3CF2O-CF2CF2O-CFX1-Y1
(式中、X1はH又はFを表し、Y1は上記と同じ。)で表される含フッ素アニオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
上記含フッ素界面活性剤は、1種使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
上記炭化水素系界面活性剤としては、フッ素原子を含まない界面活性剤であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、ラウリル硫酸アンモニウムに代表されるアルキル硫酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル、脂肪酸、およびこれらの塩等の陰イオン性界面活性剤;ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル系ノニオン界面活性剤、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル系ノニオン界面活性剤などの非イオン性界面活性剤;等が挙げられる。
R1-O-A1-H (IV)
(式中、R1は、炭素数8~18の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状の1級又は2級アルキル基であり、A1は、オキシエチレンとオキシプロピレンとの共重合鎖から構成されるポリオキシアルキレン鎖、又は、オキシアルキレン鎖である。)により表されるポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル系ノニオン界面活性剤、下記一般式(V)
R2-C6H4-O-A2-H (V)
(式中、R2は、炭素数4~12の直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基であり、A2は、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖である。)により表されるポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル系ノニオン界面活性剤が好ましい。
上記懸濁重合工程において、重合温度、重合圧力等の重合条件は、特に限定されず、使用するTFEの量、変性モノマーの種類や量、あるいは生産性等に応じて、適宜選択することができるが、重合温度としては、5~100℃であることが好ましく、50~90℃であることがさらに好ましい。重合圧力としては、0.03~3.0MPaであることが好ましい。
上記強制的に凝集させる方法としては、攪拌速度を速くする方法と、電解質又は酸を水性媒体中に添加する方法を併用することが好ましく、該併用する方法は、界面活性剤を添加する場合に特に好適である。
上記乳化重合工程と懸濁重合工程とを含む本発明の重合方法において、重合終了時点でのポリマー得量は、水性媒体に対して、生産性の観点から10%以上が好ましく、好ましくは20%以上である。
本発明は、上記製造方法により得られる低分子量PTFE粉末でもある。
上記低分子量PTFEの数平均分子量は、フローテスター法を用いて測定し得られた溶融粘度から算出した値である。
すなわち、上記低分子量PTFEは、テトラフルオロエチレンホモポリマー〔TFEホモポリマー〕及び/又は変性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン〔変性PTFE〕である。
本明細書において、上記「TFEホモポリマー及び/又は変性PTFE」とは、TFEホモポリマーからなり変性PTFEを含まないもの、変性PTFEからなりTFEホモポリマーを含まないもの、又は、TFEホモポリマーと変性PTFEとからなるものの何れかを意味する。
上記変性PTFEは、TFEと、変性剤とを重合して得られる重合体を意味する。
CF2=CF-ORf (VI)
(式中、Rfは、パーフルオロ有機基を表す。)で表されるパーフルオロ不飽和化合物等が挙げられる。本明細書において、上記「パーフルオロ有機基」とは、炭素原子に結合する水素原子が全てフッ素原子に置換されてなる有機基を意味する。上記パーフルオロ有機基は、エーテル酸素を有していてもよい。
上記変性PTFEにおける変性剤としては、パーフルオロビニルエーテル、クロロトリフルオロエチレンが好ましく、パーフルオロビニルエーテルとしてはPAVEが好ましい。
上記低分子量PTFEが上述の不安定末端基の安定化又は末端アミド化を行ったものであると、得られる本発明の低分子量PTFE粉末は、塗料、グリース、化粧品、メッキ液、トナー、プラスチックス等の相手材への添加剤として用いる場合に、相手材となじみやすく、分散性を向上させることができる。
上記平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(日本レーザー社製)を用い、カスケードは使用せず、圧力0.1MPa、測定時間3秒で粒度分布を測定し、得られた粒度分布積算の50%に対応する粒子径に等しいとした。
上記加熱処理により、低分子量PTFE粉末の粒子同士が点接触によって融着し、全体としては弱い結合力で一体に結合した塊状体を形成する。
また、上記加熱処理により、低分子量PTFE粉末の個々の粒子内でポリマー鎖が運動量を増して相互に絡み合う結果、個々の粒子はサイズが小さくかつ密な構造となって収縮する傾向にある。上記加熱処理によって得られた個々の粒子の見掛け密度は、加熱処理前の粉末に比べて一般に高くなるので、粉末の舞い立ちが少なく、粉末流動性が向上することによりホッパーへの充填性を向上させることができる。
上記加熱処理によって得られた塊状体に対しては、所望の大きさに粉砕処理を行ってもよい。上記粉砕処理は、上記低分子量PTFE粉末の個々の粒子に分かれるように行うことが好ましい。また、粉砕処理は、上述した粉砕の方法によって行ってもよい。
上記塗料、グリース、化粧品、メッキ液、トナー又はプラスチックス組成物用の添加剤は、これらの用途に、一般的に行われる方法により製造することができ、他の添加剤等と併用してもよい。また、上記塗料、グリース、化粧品、メッキ液、トナー又はプラスチックスである組成物は、各種用途において一般的に用いられる相手材に対して、通常の方法により混合して製造することができる。
比較例1
2枚のステンレス製平板型撹拌翼と温度調節用ジャケットとを備えた内容積6Lのステンレス製オートクレーブに、脱イオン水2760gを仕込み、密閉した。窒素ガスの圧入、脱気を複数回繰り返すことにより、系内の酸素を除去した後、連鎖移動剤として1.8gのエタンをテトラフルオロエチレン〔TFE〕で圧入し、槽内圧力を0.10MPaとした。700rpmでの撹拌下において槽内を昇温し、槽内温度が85℃に達したら、再度TFEを圧入し、槽内圧力を0.80MPaに調整した。
重合開始剤として、脱イオン水20gにジコハク酸パーオキサイド〔DSP〕700mgを溶解させた水溶液と、脱イオン水20gに過硫酸アンモニウム〔APS〕700mgを溶解させた水溶液を、TFEで槽内へ圧入した。重合開始剤の分解により槽内圧力が低下するので、TFEを連続的に供給し、槽内圧力を0.80±0.05MPaに維持した。重合反応中は常時、槽内温度を85±1℃に調節し、撹拌回転数を700rpmに制御した。
TFEの消費量が700gの時点で撹拌を停止し、槽内を脱圧した。重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別した。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
ステンレス製アンカー型撹拌翼と温度調節用ジャケットとを備えた内容積6Lのステンレス製オートクレーブに、脱イオン水2750g、パラフィンワックス90g、および、パーフルオロオクタン酸アンモニウム塩の20%水溶液14gを仕込み、密閉した。その後は、重合反応中の撹拌回転数を300rpmに制御する以外は、比較例1と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面には、ポリマー粉末は存在せず、低分子量PTFEの水性分散液が得られた。この水性分散液における水相中の固形分濃度を表1に示す。上記低分子量PTFE水性分散液2000gに硝酸2gを加え、激しい機械的せん断力を加えることでポリマーを凝析させ、ついで得られた湿潤状態の粉末を水洗した上でろ別し、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
重合反応中の撹拌回転数を350rpmに制御し、TFEの消費量が315gの時点で撹拌を停止する以外は、比較例1と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面には、微量の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末が浮遊しており、浮遊粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別した後の水相中の固形分濃度を表1に示す。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させた。乾燥後の得られた粉末得量は、2.5gであった。
重合後の液相は、白色の低分子量PTFEの水性分散液であった。
参考例1と同様に重合反応を行い、TFEの消費量が175gの時点で撹拌回転数を700rpmに変更し、さらに525gのTFEが消費するまで重合反応を実施した。
TFEの総消費量が700gの時点で撹拌を停止し、槽内を脱圧した。重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
参考例1と同様に重合反応を行い、TFEの消費量が175gの時点で脱イオン水20gにシュウ酸2水和物3.4gを溶解させた水溶液を、TFEで槽内へ圧入し、撹拌回転数を350rpmに制御したまま、さらに525gのTFEが消費するまで重合反応を実施した。
TFEの総消費量が700gの時点で撹拌を停止し、槽内を脱圧した。重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
TFEの消費量が175gになった時点以降、700gまでの撹拌回転数を700rpmに制御する以外は、実施例2と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
シュウ酸2水和物の水溶液の槽内へ圧入が、TFEの消費量50gの時点に変更し、さらに650gのTFEを消費するまで重合反応を行う以外は、実施例3と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
エタンの仕込量を0.2gに変更し、シュウ酸2水和物の水溶液の槽内へ圧入が、TFEの消費量105gの時点に変更し、さらに595gのTFEを消費するまで重合反応を行う以外は、実施例3と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
シュウ酸2水和物の水溶液の槽内へ圧入が、TFEの消費量315gの時点に変更し、さらに385gのTFEを消費するまで重合反応を行う以外は、実施例3と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
脱イオン水2760gとともに、パーフルオロヘキサン酸アンモニウム塩〔APFHx〕の50%水溶液1.12gを仕込む以外は、参考例1と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面には、微量の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末が浮遊しており、浮遊粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上で、ろ別した。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させた。乾燥後の得られた粉末得量は、1.2gであった。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
重合後の液相は、白色の低分子量PTFEの水性分散液であった。
参考例2と同様に重合反応を行い、TFEの消費量が315gの時点で脱イオン水20gにシュウ酸2水和物430mgを溶解させた水溶液を、TFEで槽内へ圧入し、撹拌回転数を700rpmに制御し、さらに385gのTFEが消費するまで重合反応を実施した。
TFEの総消費量が700gの時点で撹拌を停止し、槽内を脱圧した。重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
シュウ酸2水和物の水溶液の槽内へ圧入が、TFEの消費量490gの時点に変更し、さらに210gのTFEを消費するまで重合反応を行う以外は、実施例7と同様に重合反応を実施した。
重合後の液面及び液中の湿潤状態のポリマー粉末を脱イオン水で洗浄した上でろ別する。ろ別したポリマー粉末を、160℃の熱風循環式乾燥機にて18時間乾燥させることにより、低分子量PTFEの粉末を得た。また、ポリマー粉末をろ別した後の分散液において、水相中の固形分濃度を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
水性分散液(Xg)を150℃にて3時間加熱した加熱残分(Zg)に基づき、式:P=Z/X×100(%)にて決定した。
ポリマー濃度を0.22質量%に調整した水性分散液の単位長さに対する550nmの投射光の透過率と、透過型電子顕微鏡写真における定方向径を測定して決定された平均一次粒子径との検量線を作成し、測定対象である水性分散液について、上記透過率を測定し、上記検量線をもとに決定した。
レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(日本電子社製)を用い、カスケードは使用せず、圧力0.1MPa、測定時間3秒で粒度分布を測定し、得られた粒度分布における累積体積%の50%に対応する値に等しいとした。
また、D90は粒度分布における累積体積%が90%のときの粒子径とし、D10は粒度分布における累積体積%が10%のときの粒子径とした。1μm以下の粒子の割合は、粒度分布における1μm以下の累積体積%とした。
ASTM D 1238に準拠し、フローテスター(島津製作所社製)及び2φ-8Lのダイを用い、予め測定温度(340℃又は380℃)で5分間加熱しておいた2gの試料を0.7MPaの荷重にて上記温度に保って測定を行った。
エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー社製の示差走査熱量測定機RDC220(DSC)を用い、事前に標準サンプルとして、インジウム、鉛を用いて温度校正した上で、低分子量PTFE粉末約3mgをアルミ製パン(クリンプ容器)に入れ、200ml/分のエアー気流下で、250~380℃の温度領域を10℃/分で昇温させて行い、上記領域における融解熱量の極小点を融点とした。
BET法により、表面分析計(商品名:MONOSORB、QUANTA CHLROME社製)を用いて測定した。尚、キャリアガスとして、窒素30%、ヘリウム70%の混合ガスを用い、冷却は液体窒素を用いて行った。
比較例1で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を粉砕機にて微粉砕した。粉砕機は、分級機を備えたホソカワミクロン社製エアージェットミル200AFGを用いた。分級機の分級ローターは約9000rpmで回転させた。
比較例2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を、分級ローターの回転数約7000rpmで粉砕比較例1と同様に微粉砕した。
実施例3で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を、分級ローターの回転数約7000rpmで粉砕比較例1と同様に微粉砕した。
実施例8で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を、分級ローターの回転数約7000rpmで粉砕比較例1と同様に微粉砕した。
予め、ポリエーテルサルフォン55gをN-メチル-2-ピロリドン336gに添加し、混合溶液が透明になるまでディスパー式撹拌機にて撹拌混合し、低分子量PTFE粉末70gを添加し、撹拌速度3000rpmで撹拌混合した。
撹拌15分毎にブレードに溶液を塗装し、ブレード粗さを測定した。ブレード粗さが15μm以下であれば分散性が合格と判断し、総撹拌時間を記録した。総撹拌時間が120分に達してもブレード粗さが15μm以下にならない場合は、総撹拌時間が120分時点でのブレード粗さを記載した。
比較例1で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料と比較して、比較例2、実施例3、8で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料のブレード粗さは、低い。
粉砕実施例1、2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料のブレード粗さは、粉砕比較例1、2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末のものと差が無く、いずれも分散性が良好であったが、粉砕比較例2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料のブレード粗さが15μm以下に到達する所要時間は、粉砕比較例1、粉砕実施例1、2よりも長く、分散性に劣っていた。
予め、ポリエーテルサルフォン42gをN-メチル-2-ピロリドン130g、キシレン24g、メチルイソブチルケトン72gの混合溶剤に添加し、混合溶液が透明になるまでディスパー式撹拌機にて撹拌混合し、低分子量PTFE粉末16.8gを添加し、撹拌速度3000rpmで30分間撹拌混合した。さらに、カーボンブラック1.2gとN-メチル-2-ピロリドン14gを撹拌することにより作製したカーボンブラックペーストを、上記低分子量PTFE分散溶液に添加し、撹拌速度3000rpmで10分間撹拌混合し、塗料を作製した。
脱脂したアルミニウム板に上記塗料をスプレー塗装し、90℃にて15分間乾燥し、さらに380℃にて15分間焼成させ、塗装板を作製した。
(1)塗料粘度
JIS K 6893に準拠し、塗料粘度を測定した。
(2)光沢度
JIS K 5400に準拠し、光沢度(60°)を測定した。
(3)耐摩耗性
ASTM D-1044に準拠し、摩擦材料CS-17を用い、荷重1.0Kgで1000回転後の磨耗量を測定した。
(4)塗膜外観
目視試験にて、塗膜外観を観察した。
粉砕比較例1、2、粉砕実施例1、2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料の塗膜外観はいずれも滑らかで良好であったが、中でも粉砕比較例2、粉砕実施例1、2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料の塗膜外観は特に滑らかで質感が良好であった。
また、粉砕比較例1で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料も、粉砕実施例1、2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料と比較して、塗料粘度が低く、塗装時に液がたれやすく、粉砕比較例2で得られた低分子量PTFE粉末を添加した塗料の粘度は高く、取扱い性が悪かった。
Claims (21)
- 低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法であって、
重合開始剤及び水性媒体の存在下に、少なくともテトラフルオロエチレンを重合して乳化粒子を生成する乳化重合工程と、
前記乳化粒子を凝集させて凝集粉末を生成させる凝集工程と、
前記凝集粉末、重合開始剤及び水性媒体の存在下に、少なくともテトラフルオロエチレンを重合する懸濁重合工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。 - 前記乳化重合工程または懸濁重合工程のうち少なくとも一方の工程において、連鎖移動剤を存在させる請求項1記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記重合開始剤は、水溶性過酸化物である請求項1又は2記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記乳化重合工程は、界面活性剤の存在下で重合を行う工程である請求項1、2又は3記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、含フッ素界面活性剤である請求項4記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、炭化水素系界面活性剤である請求項4記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記凝集工程は、電解質を添加して乳化粒子を凝集させる工程である請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記電解質は、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、水酸化ナトリウム及び硫酸アンモニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項7記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記凝集工程は、酸を添加して乳化粒子を凝集させる工程である請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7又は8記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記酸は、硝酸、硫酸及びシュウ酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項9記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記連鎖移動剤は、エタン又はプロパンである請求項2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9又は10記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性過酸化物は、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム及びジコハク酸パーオキサイドからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10又は11記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末を粉砕する粉砕工程をさらに含む請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11又は12記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12又は13記載の製造方法から得られる低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末。
- 溶融粘度が70万Pa・s以下である請求項14記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末。
- 比表面積が4~8m2/gである請求項14又は15記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末。
- 平均粒子径が0.5~30μmである請求項14、15又は16記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末。
- 請求項14、15、16又は17記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末を含有することを特徴とする添加剤。
- 塗料組成物用、グリース組成物用、化粧品組成物用、メッキ液組成物用、トナー組成物用、又は、プラスチックス組成物用である請求項18記載の添加剤。
- 請求項14、15、16又は17記載の低分子量ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末を含有することを特徴とする組成物。
- 塗料、グリース、化粧品、メッキ液、トナー、又は、プラスチックスである請求項20記載の組成物。
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EP2415788A4 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
EP2415788A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
CN102369221B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
US20120101214A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
JP5569519B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
US8754176B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
JPWO2010114033A1 (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
CN102369221A (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
EP2415788B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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