WO2010071074A1 - イオン注入装置、イオン注入方法及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
イオン注入装置、イオン注入方法及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071074A1 WO2010071074A1 PCT/JP2009/070688 JP2009070688W WO2010071074A1 WO 2010071074 A1 WO2010071074 A1 WO 2010071074A1 JP 2009070688 W JP2009070688 W JP 2009070688W WO 2010071074 A1 WO2010071074 A1 WO 2010071074A1
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- ion implantation
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- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 B 2 H 6 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67155—Apparatus for manufacturing or treating in a plurality of work-stations
- H01L21/67207—Apparatus for manufacturing or treating in a plurality of work-stations comprising a chamber adapted to a particular process
- H01L21/67213—Apparatus for manufacturing or treating in a plurality of work-stations comprising a chamber adapted to a particular process comprising at least one ion or electron beam chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/317—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32412—Plasma immersion ion implantation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/223—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a gaseous phase
- H01L21/2236—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a gaseous phase from or into a plasma phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
- H01L21/26506—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation in group IV semiconductors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion implantation apparatus and an ion implantation method, and more particularly to an ion implantation apparatus and an ion implantation method used for manufacturing a semiconductor device such as an IC or an LSI.
- the present invention also relates to a semiconductor device such as an IC or LSI, and more particularly to a MOS transistor formed on an SOI substrate.
- Non-Patent Document 1 plasma is generated by a gas containing atoms to be implanted, and a negative voltage is applied to a processing substrate to be processed to accelerate positive ions in the sheath. This is a technique for implanting ions into a substrate.
- plasma ion implantation is low in cost and can generate a large amount of low energy ions of 10 keV or less. It is advantageous when forming the layer.
- a negative high voltage DC pulse of usually several tens of ⁇ s is applied to an electrode provided in a holding table for holding a processing substrate, and a transient occurs immediately after the DC pulse is applied.
- ions are accelerated by an electric field generated on the surface of the processing substrate and are implanted into the processing substrate.
- the processing chamber capable of depressurization, the plasma excitation means for exciting the plasma in the processing chamber, the holding table provided in the processing chamber for holding the processing substrate, and the holding table
- An ion implantation apparatus that applies RF power to generate a self-bias voltage on the surface of the processing substrate, accelerates positive ions in the plasma, and implants the processing substrate.
- An ion implantation apparatus characterized in that the frequency of the RF power is 4 MHz or more and the ion implantation is performed in a plurality of times by applying the RF power in pulses.
- the plasma excitation means includes means for propagating an electromagnetic wave having a frequency selected from the range of 100 MHz to 3 GHz into the processing chamber as a metal surface wave, and a plasma excitation gas in the processing chamber.
- the ion implantation apparatus according to the first aspect is provided.
- the holding table has an electrostatic chuck function, and the electrostatic chuck function fills a space between the holding table and the processing substrate, so that the ion implantation is performed.
- the gas filling pressure is set to a pressure higher than the pressure in the processing chamber, A shielding plate for preventing the gas leaked from the space from entering the plasma excitation region is provided around the holding table.
- the ion implantation apparatus according to the first or second aspect is obtained. It is done.
- an ion implantation method for performing ion implantation using the ion implantation apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects.
- the ion implantation according to the fourth aspect is characterized in that ion implantation is performed with at least a plurality of self-bias voltages by changing the RF power applied to the holding table. A method is obtained.
- the process substrate surface is made of a semiconductor crystal containing silicon, and the ion implantation is performed while the semiconductor crystal is amorphized by at least the first self-bias voltage, and the second self-bias.
- an ion implantation density of the outermost surface of the semiconductor crystal is set to at least 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more by voltage, to obtain an ion implantation method according to the fifth aspect.
- the ion implantation method according to any one of the fourth to sixth aspects, wherein the plasma excitation gas is a fluoride gas of implanted atoms.
- the plasma excitation gas is a gas selected from BF 3 , PF 3 , and AsF 3. Is obtained.
- a substrate having at least a first semiconductor region, a buried insulating layer formed thereon, and a second semiconductor region formed thereon is used.
- the thickness of the layer of the second semiconductor region is more than twice the thickness of the layer of the source / drain region with respect to the thickness of the layer of the channel region. A featured semiconductor device is obtained.
- the semiconductor device according to the ninth aspect, wherein the channel region, the source region, and the drain region are of an accumulation type having the same conductivity type. .
- a semiconductor device manufactured using the ion implantation apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects is obtained.
- a semiconductor device manufactured using the ion implantation method according to any of the fourth to eighth aspects is obtained.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a step of performing ion implantation by the ion implantation method according to any of the fourth to eighth aspects.
- an ion implantation method and an ion implantation apparatus that can precisely control the acceleration energy of ions and accurately control the implantation distribution when forming a shallow junction in a semiconductor.
- (a) and (b) show the energy distribution of implanted ions and implanted ions when BF 2 + ions are implanted into a silicon substrate by plasma doping according to the present invention to form p + -Si source / drain layers, respectively. It is a figure which shows the depth direction dependence of a density. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the ion implantation apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention.
- (A) is a diagram showing the dependence of the energy of the average implantation depth Rp and width ⁇ Rp the incident ion BF 2 +
- (c) is a diagram showing the dependency on the energy of the average implantation depth Rp and width ⁇ Rp the incident ion AsF 2 +.
- (A) And (b) is a figure which respectively shows the energy distribution of the implantation ion at the time of performing ion implantation by changing the frequency of board
- the energy distribution of the incident ions at the time of performing the implantation of the PF 2 + ions by plasma excited by PF3 gas is a diagram showing the implantation distribution of the incident ions.
- (a) And (b) is a figure which shows the energy distribution of the incident ion when the RF frequency is changed to 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 6 MHz, and 10 MHz, and the implantation distribution of the incident ion, respectively.
- FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line AA of the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line CC of the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 9.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) show energy distributions of implanted ions when a BF 2 + ion is implanted into a silicon substrate by plasma doping and a p + -Si source / drain layer is formed according to the present invention.
- the depth direction dependence of the implanted ion density is not limited.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the plasma doping apparatus used in FIG.
- 201 is a processing chamber
- 202 is a holding table on which a silicon substrate 206 is placed, that is, a substrate electrode stage
- 203 is an RF power generation unit to be applied to the substrate electrode
- 205 is a conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) plasma excitation.
- Reference numeral 204 denotes an excited plasma.
- the processing chamber can be depressurized by an exhaust pump (not shown).
- the source gas includes, for example, BF 3 , PF 3 , AsF 3, etc.
- F has a very high electronegativity and easily attaches electrons, so a large amount of F ⁇ ions are generated. This reduces the electron density. Therefore, it is desirable to use a conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) excitation method that can stably maintain plasma excitation even at a low electron density.
- a conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) method using a 915 MHz microwave is adopted.
- the material gas also include a gas containing hydrogen such as B 2 H 6, since hydrogen is lighter atom, a factor causing the damage to be greatly accelerated to a high energy are implanted into the substrate Therefore, it is desirable not to use a gas containing hydrogen.
- the conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) type plasma processing apparatus used in the present invention is a metal processing container that houses a substrate to be plasma processed (in the present invention, plasma doping), and excites plasma in the processing container.
- the plasma processing apparatus is provided with a plurality of dielectrics partially exposed inside the processing container, which are introduced into the bottom surface of the lid of the processing container.
- a metal electrode is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric, and electromagnetic waves emitted from an exposed portion of the dielectric exposed between the metal electrode and the lower surface of the lid are metal surfaces on both the metal electrode and the lower surface of the lid. Is propagated as a metal surface wave, and the gas is excited to generate plasma.
- the plasma excited in the processing vessel by the surface wave of the conductor with a relatively low frequency microwave such as 915 MHz becomes uniform.
- uniform processing can be performed on the entire processing surface of the substrate.
- the plasma can be excited by the electromagnetic wave (conductor surface wave) propagated along the surface wave propagation part arranged around the dielectric, the amount of dielectric used can be greatly reduced. . Further, by reducing the exposed area of the dielectric exposed inside the processing container, the dielectric is not damaged or etched due to overheating of the dielectric, and metal contamination from the inner surface of the processing container is eliminated.
- the lower limit electron density for obtaining a plasma with a stable and low electron temperature can be reduced to about 1/7 (in the case of 915 MHz) as compared with the case of using a microwave having a frequency of 3 GHz or more.
- Plasma suitable for plasma processing can be obtained under a wider range of conditions that could not be used, and the versatility of the processing apparatus can be significantly improved.
- FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view (D-O′-OE cross section in FIGS. 10 to 12) showing a schematic configuration of an example of the plasma processing apparatus used in the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG.
- the plasma processing apparatus includes a hollow container body 201 and a lid 3 attached above the container body 201. A sealed space is formed inside the processing container 201.
- the processing container 201 and the lid 3 are made of a conductive material, for example, an aluminum alloy, and are electrically grounded.
- a susceptor 202 as a mounting table for mounting the semiconductor substrate 206 is provided inside the processing container 201.
- the susceptor 202 is made of, for example, aluminum nitride, and a power supply unit 11 for applying a predetermined bias voltage to the substrate is provided therein.
- the power supply unit 11 is connected to a high-frequency power source unit 203 for bias application provided outside the processing container.
- the illustrated high frequency power supply unit 203 includes a high frequency power supply 13 and a matching unit 14 including a capacitor and the like.
- an exhaust port 20 is provided for decompressing the inside of the processing vessel by an exhaust device (not shown) such as a vacuum pump provided outside the processing vessel.
- an exhaust device such as a vacuum pump provided outside the processing vessel.
- a baffle plate 21 is provided around the susceptor 202 to control the gas flow to a preferable state inside the processing vessel 201.
- dielectrics 25 made of, for example, Al 2 O 3 are attached to the lower surface of the lid 3.
- a dielectric material such as fluororesin or quartz can be used.
- the dielectric 25 is configured in a square plate shape or a square plate shape close thereto. As shown in FIG. 10, these four dielectrics 25 are arranged so that their apex angles (flat portions 26) are adjacent to each other.
- a metal electrode 27 is attached to the lower surface of each dielectric 25.
- the metal electrode 27 is made of a conductive material such as an aluminum alloy. Similar to the dielectric 25, the metal electrode 27 is also formed in a square plate shape.
- the width N of the metal electrode 27 is slightly shorter than the width L of the dielectric 25. For this reason, when viewed from the inside of the processing container, the peripheral portion of the dielectric 25 is exposed around the metal electrode 27 in a state where a square outline appears. And when it sees from the inside of a processing container, the apex angles of the square outline formed by the peripheral part of the dielectric material 25 are arrange
- the dielectric 25 and the metal electrode 27 are attached to the lower surface of the lid 3 by a connecting member 30 such as a screw.
- a metal cover 45 is attached to the center area of the lower surface of the lid 3 surrounded by the four dielectrics 25.
- the metal cover 45 is made of a conductive material, such as an aluminum alloy, and is electrically connected to the lower surface of the lid 3 and is electrically grounded. That is, it can be regarded as a part of the lid. Similar to the metal electrode 27, the metal cover 45 is formed in a square plate shape having a width N. The metal cover 45 has a total thickness of the dielectric 25 and the metal electrode 27. For this reason, the lower surface of the metal cover 45 and the lower surface of the metal electrode 27 are the same surface.
- the metal cover 45 is attached to the lower surface of the lid 3 by a connecting member 46 such as a screw. The lower surface 47 of the connection member 46 exposed inside the processing container is flush with the lower surface of the metal cover 45.
- a vertical gas flow path 50 is provided at the center of the connection member 46, and a horizontal gas flow path 51 is provided between the lower surface of the lid 3 and the metal cover 45. Is provided. A plurality of gas discharge holes 52 are distributed and opened on the lower surface of the metal cover 45. The predetermined gas supplied to the space portion 32 in the lid 3 is distributed and supplied toward the inside of the processing container 4 through the gas flow paths 50 and 51 and the gas discharge holes 52. Yes.
- the microwave propagated from the microwave supply device 85 to each dielectric 25 is from the periphery of the dielectric 25 exposed on the lower surface of the lid 3 to the lower surface of the metal cover 45, the lower surface of the metal electrode 27, and the side cover. Propagated along the lower surface of the inner portion 58.
- the grooves 56 and 57 prevent the microwave (conductor surface wave) propagated along the lower surface of the side cover inner portion 58 from propagating beyond the grooves 56 and 57 to the outside (side cover outer portion 59).
- the lower surface of the lid 3, the lower surface of the metal cover 45, the lower surface of the metal electrode 27, and the lower surface of the side cover inner portion 58, which are regions surrounded by the grooves 56 and 57, are the surface wave propagation portions.
- the side cover 55 is attached to the lower surface of the lid 3 by a connection member 65 such as a screw.
- the lower surface 66 of the connection member 65 exposed inside the processing container is flush with the lower surface of the side cover 55.
- a vertical gas flow path 70 is provided at the center of the connection member 65, and a horizontal gas flow path 71 is provided between the lower surface of the lid 3 and the side cover 55.
- a plurality of gas discharge holes 72 are dispersed and opened on the lower surface of the side cover 55.
- the predetermined gas supplied to the space portion 32 in the lid 3 is distributed and supplied toward the inside of the processing container 4 through the gas flow paths 70 and 71 and the gas discharge hole 72. Yes.
- a coaxial tube 86 that transmits a microwave supplied from a microwave source 85 disposed outside the processing container 4 is connected to the center of the upper surface of the lid 3.
- the coaxial tube 86 is constituted by an inner conductor 87 and an outer conductor 88.
- the inner conductor 87 is connected to a branch plate 90 disposed inside the lid 3.
- the branch plate 90 has a configuration in which four branch conductors 91 centering on the connection position with the internal conductor 87 are arranged in a cross shape.
- a metal bar 92 is attached to the lower surface of the distal end of each branch conductor 91.
- the coaxial tube 86, the branch plate 90, and the metal rod 92 are formed of a conductive member such as Cu.
- a microwave having a frequency of, for example, 915 MHz is introduced from the microwave supply device 85 to the coaxial tube 86 as a microwave having a frequency of 3 GHz or less.
- the microwave of 915 MHz is branched by the branch plate 90 and transmitted to each dielectric 25 (FIGS. 9 and 10) via the metal rod 92.
- a gas pipe 100 for supplying a predetermined gas necessary for plasma processing is connected to the upper surface of the lid 3.
- a refrigerant pipe 101 for supplying a refrigerant is provided inside the lid 3.
- the predetermined gas supplied from the gas supply source 102 disposed outside the processing container 4 through the gas pipe 100 is supplied to the space 32 in the lid 3, and then the gas flow paths 40, 41, 50, 51. , 70 and 71 and the gas discharge holes 42, 52 and 72 are distributed and supplied toward the inside of the processing container 4.
- BF 3 gas was introduced into the processing chamber of the ion implantation apparatus, 915 MHz microwave was introduced as a conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) at a pressure of 100 mTorr, and plasma was excited to generate BF 2 + ions.
- 915 MHz microwave was introduced as a conductor surface wave (metal surface wave) at a pressure of 100 mTorr, and plasma was excited to generate BF 2 + ions.
- the impurity concentration distribution is ideally maintained at 2 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 at a desired depth of about 10 to 20 nm, and it is ideal that the impurity concentration distribution is sharply decreased at a deeper depth.
- ⁇ E is the spread of energy and is expressed by the following formula 2.
- V RF is the amplitude of the RF voltage at the substrate surface
- omega is the angular frequency of the RF power
- d is the thickness of the sheath formed between the substrate surface and the plasma
- m i is the mass of the incident ion is there.
- the energy of the incident ions has an energy spread of 2 ⁇ E, is distributed from the minimum energy eV DC ⁇ E to the maximum energy eV DC + ⁇ E, and has sharp peaks at the minimum energy and the maximum energy.
- Delta] E is inversely proportional to the square root of frequency and ion mass m i of RF power, high frequency, or energy spread as using heavy ions is reduced. As a result, the energy distribution of BF 2 + ions reaching the substrate surface in this example was as shown in FIG.
- N 0 is the total driving amount expressed in the unit cm ⁇ 2 .
- RP and ⁇ Rp depend on the energy of the incident ions, and BF 2 + , PF 2 + , and AsF 2 + have the dependencies shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. .
- BF 2 + ions are accelerated to 5 keV and implanted, whereby a region of 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more is formed in FIG. ) To a region with a depth of about 13 nm. Charge-up damage could be suppressed by dividing and injecting into 70,000 pulses.
- the pulse width of the RF power was 10 ⁇ s, and the pulse interval was 90 ⁇ s.
- the main implantation made the silicon substrate amorphous, and it became possible to activate the dopant to be performed later at a relatively low temperature of about 550 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the B concentration on the outermost surface does not reach 2 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 only by this implantation. That is, when a metal electrode is subsequently formed on the surface, the contact resistance with the metal is not sufficiently lowered. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the implantation energy is set to 0.3 keV, the implantation for increasing the concentration of the outermost surface is performed by BF 2 + ion implantation with 30,000 pulses, and the final implantation distribution is obtained. Obtained. The total injection amount is 3 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 .
- the B concentration on the outermost surface was 2 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 , and a low resistance contact could be realized.
- BF 2 + ions having a total implantation amount of 3 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 were first pulsed 70,000 times with a self-bias voltage of ⁇ 5 kV. This is the dependence of implanted ion energy distribution and implanted ion density on the depth direction when implantation is performed by applying 30,000 pulses at a self-bias voltage of ⁇ 0.3 kV.
- the RF power pulse width is 10 ⁇ s
- the pulse interval is 90 ⁇ s
- the RF power frequency is 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 6 MHz, and 10 MHz.
- the energy distribution converges to 5 keV and 0.3 keV as the frequency increases, and the implantation distribution is localized in a shallower region as shown in FIG. 4 (b). And has a steep distribution.
- Equation (3) it can be seen that even if the energy is monochromatic, the implantation distribution has a spread of ⁇ Rp, so that the implantation distribution does not change significantly at a frequency of 6 MHz or more. Since the power for generating the same self-bias voltage increases as the RF frequency increases, the lower frequency is desirable in that sense. Therefore, as a condition that has a steeper distribution and does not require a large amount of RF power, the RF frequency is preferably 4 MHz or more, and preferably about 6 MHz.
- ions having a positive charge are implanted and secondary electrons having a negative charge are knocked out, so that the ion implantation region is positively charged.
- the source / drain region is implanted, it is necessary to implant ions with an ion dose of about 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 .
- positive charges of 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 2 are accumulated. As a result, a strong electric field is generated in the gate insulating film, and charge-up damage is induced.
- ion implantation may be performed in a plurality of times by pulses. That is, the generation of a strong electric field can be suppressed by neutralizing the charging with electrons diffused from the plasma excitation region between pulses.
- ion implantation is performed in 100,000 times. That is, when the RF power of the substrate is applied in pulses while exciting the microwave plasma, a self-bias voltage is generated only when the RF power is turned on, and ion implantation is performed. When the RF power is off, the charge is removed by the electrons in the plasma. Since the dose of 3 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 is performed in total, the dose amount per time becomes 3 ⁇ 10 9 cm ⁇ 2 . The time for neutralizing the positively charged electric charge on the wafer with electrons in one pulse, that is, the pulse interval was 10 times the pulse width.
- the pulse interval is the reciprocal of the ratio of the number of electrons to the total number of ion charges in the unit volume existing in the plasma, the secondary electron emission coefficient of the processing substrate, and the pulse width. If the time is longer than the product, the charge can be sufficiently removed.
- the pulse width for applying the substrate RF power was 10 ⁇ s, and the time for neutralization with electrons was 90 ⁇ s. Since almost all of the ions irradiated on the wafer are BF 2 + , the necessary ion current density J is set to the following formula 4.
- the current density is proportional to the plasma density if the electron temperature is constant, it may be controlled by changing the plasma density with the microwave power for plasma excitation or adjusting the distance between the processing substrate and the plasma excitation region. . Since the non-application time is 10 times the RF application time, ion implantation can be performed without charging.
- the necessary ion current density J is more generally given by the following equation (5).
- D is the dose
- e is the elementary charge
- N is the number of pulses
- ⁇ t is the pulse width.
- the implanted ions are ionized monovalently.
- multiply the elementary charge e by the valence and obtain the current density for each valence ion.
- the combined value may be set as the current density.
- FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the energy distribution of incident ions and the implantation distribution of incident ions, respectively, when plasma excitation is performed with PF 3 gas and PF 2 + ions are implanted.
- the RF power frequency was 4 MHz, and the self-bias voltage and the number of pulse applications were changed in the following order. 1st -7kV 45,000 times 2nd -3kV 22,000 times 3rd -0.3kV 33,000 times The total implantation amount was 5 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 2 .
- both Rp and ⁇ Rp are smaller at the same implantation energy as shown in FIG. Therefore, it was found that the implantation distribution easily reflects the energy distribution and tends to be non-uniform. Therefore, in the case of BF 2 + ions, the self-bias was changed in two ways, but in the case of PF 2 + ions, a second implantation that flattens the implantation distribution is introduced and three types of self-bias voltages are used. It was. Also in this case, it is preferable that the self-bias voltage is implanted in order from the larger absolute value, and the low energy implantation is sequentially performed while promoting preamorphization.
- 6A and 6B show incident ion energy distribution and incident ion implantation distribution when the RF frequency is changed to 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 6 MHz, and 10 MHz.
- the RF frequency is preferably 4 MHz or more, and preferably about 6 MHz as a condition that has a steep implantation distribution and does not require a large amount of RF power.
- FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. Note that the description of the same parts as those in the first and second embodiments is omitted.
- FIG. 7 shows a MOSFET manufactured on an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate.
- 701 is a silicon bulk substrate
- 702 is a buried oxide film layer
- 703 is a source / drain region of the SOI layer
- 704 is a channel region of the SOI layer
- 705 is a gate insulating film
- 706 is a gate electrode.
- the thickness of the SOI layer in the channel region is 25 nm.
- the thickness of the SOI layer of the source / drain layer needs to be about 25 nm, but BF 2 + ions or PF 2 + ions are implanted by plasma doping, and the concentration of B or P is increased. If it is 2 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more in the region, the implantation front reaches about 60 nm. Therefore, if the silicon of the source / drain region 703 is 25 nm, which is the same as the channel region, ions are implanted up to the buried oxide film layer 702 and noise is generated in the fabricated device. .
- the silicon thickness of the source / drain region 703 needs to be more than twice the silicon thickness of the channel region 704.
- the silicon thickness of the source / drain region 703 is set to 70 nm so as to satisfy this condition.
- an SOIMOSFET device in which the source / drain series resistance is sufficiently small and noise is not generated is realized.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the MOSFET is an inversion type in which the channel region and the source / drain regions are different in conductivity type or an accumulation type of the same conductivity type (WO 2008/007749 A1). Can do.
- FIG. 8 is a detailed view of the periphery of the substrate electrode stage in FIG.
- Reference numeral 801 denotes a He gas control plate
- 802 denotes a He gas introduction unit
- 803 denotes a silicon wafer
- 804 denotes an electrostatic chuck and a substrate electrode for applying RF power
- 805 denotes an exhaust port inside the He gas control plate
- 806 denotes He.
- Exhaust port on the outside of the gas control plate 807 is an RF power supply, 808 is a DC power supply for electrostatic chuck (one outputs a positive voltage, the other outputs a negative voltage), 809 is a parallel resonance filter, 810 is a blocking capacitor, 811 is Conductive ceramics, 812 is insulating ceramics, and 813 is a ground plate.
- the conductive ceramic 811 has a resistivity controlled to about 10 10 ⁇ cm at room temperature and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the insulating ceramic 812 has a relatively large thickness of 2 cm so that the capacitance between the ground plate 813 and the substrate electrode 804 is reduced.
- the substrate electrode 804 uses a bipolar chuck, and +500 V is applied to the electrode on one side and ⁇ 500 V is applied to the other electrode by the DC power source 808 to adsorb the silicon wafer 803.
- the DC power source 808 is connected to the substrate electrode via the parallel resonance filter 809.
- the parallel resonance filter 809 sets the resonance frequency to the frequency of the RF power, and the impedance has an extremely large value at that frequency. This prevents RF power from being supplied to the DC power source 808 side.
- He gas was filled from the He gas introduction unit 802 between the wafer and the conductive ceramics, the He gas flow rate was adjusted, and the pressure was 10 Torr. As a result, the thermal conductivity between the wafer and the conductive ceramic can be ensured, and the heat generated during ion implantation can be efficiently removed.
- the He gas returns to the plasma excitation region, it is ionized and becomes He + ions. Since He + ions are very light, when accelerated by a self-bias voltage, they are implanted into the wafer with high energy and cause damage.
- a He gas control plate 801 is installed on the outer periphery of the conductive ceramic. He leaking from the outer periphery of the wafer is exhausted from the inner exhaust port 805 from this control plate. As a result, the He gas does not return to the plasma excitation region, and ionization of the He gas can be prevented. Note that the plasma excitation gas is exhausted from both the inner exhaust port 805 and the outer exhaust port.
- the present invention can be applied not only to the manufacture of semiconductor devices but also to the manufacture of various electronic devices such as flat display display devices.
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Abstract
Description
前記RF電力の周波数が4MHz以上であり、かつRF電力をパルスで印加することで、複数回に分けてイオン注入を行うことを特徴とするイオン注入装置が得られる。
前記保持台の周辺に、前記空間から漏れた前記ガスをプラズマ励起領域へ侵入させないための遮蔽プレートが設けられていることを特徴とする、第1または2の態様に記載のイオン注入装置が得られる。
本発明の第一の実施形態を示す。図1(a)及び1(b)は、それぞれ、本発明によりシリコン基板にBF2 +イオンをプラズマドーピングにより注入し、p+-Siのソース・ドレイン層を形成した際の注入イオンのエネルギー分布、注入イオン密度の深さ方向依存性である。
(例えば M. A. Lieberman and A. J. Lichtenberg, Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing Second Edition, Wiley Interscience, 2005)
すなわち、入射イオンのエネルギーをEとして、そのエネルギー分布をf(E)とすると、下記の数1となる。
次に、n+-Siソース・ドレイン領域を形成するためのPF2 +イオンの打ち込みについて述べる。なお、第一実施例と重複する部分は説明を省略する。図5(a)及び5(b)はそれぞれ、PF3ガスによりプラズマ励起を行いPF2 +イオンの打ち込みを行った際の入射イオンのエネルギー分布、入射イオンの打ち込み分布である。RF電力周波数は4MHzであり、セルフバイアス電圧とパルス印加回数は下記の通り順番に変化させた。
1番目 -7kV 4.5万回
2番目 -3kV 2.2万回
3番目 -0.3kV 3.3万回
また、トータルの打ち込み量は5×1014cm-2とした。PF2 +イオンはBF2 +イオンに比べて大きく、かつ質量が重いため、図3で示すように、同じ打ち込みエネルギーではRp,ΔRpともに小さくなる。よって、打ち込み分布がエネルギー分布を反映しやすく、不均一になりやすいということが分かった。よって、BF2 +イオンの場合はセルフバイアスを2通りに変化させたが、PF2 +イオンの場合は、2番目に打ち込み分布を平坦化させる打ち込みを導入し、3通りのセルフバイアス電圧を用いた。この場合も、セルフバイアス電圧は絶対値で大きい方から順に注入を行い、プリアモルファス化を促進しながら順次低エネルギー注入を行うことが好ましい。図6(a),6(b)は、RF周波数を、1MHz、2MHz、4MHz、6MHz、10MHzと変化させたときの入射イオンのエネルギー分布、入射イオンの打ち込み分布である。図4に示すBF2 +イオンの場合と同様に、急峻な打ち込み分布を持ち、かつ多大なRF電力を要しない条件として、RF周波数は4MHz以上、望ましくは6MHz程度であることが好ましい。
図7に、本発明の第三の実施形態を示す。なお、第一、第二の実施形態と重複する部分は説明を省略する。図7は、SOI(Silicon on Insulator)基板上に製作されたMOSFETである。701はシリコンのバルク基板、702は埋め込み酸化膜層、703はSOI層のソース・ドレイン領域、704はSOI層のチャネル領域、705はゲート絶縁膜、706はゲート電極である。チャネル領域のSOI層の厚みは25nmである。ソース・ドレインの直列抵抗を下げるためにはソース・ドレイン層のSOI層の厚みは同じ25nm程度必要となるが、プラズマドーピングによりBF2 +イオンやPF2 +イオンを注入し、BやPの濃度をその領域内において2×1020cm-3以上にすると、注入の打ち込みフロントは60nm程度まで達してしまう。ゆえに、ソース・ドレイン領域703のシリコンがチャネル領域と同じ25nmであると、埋め込み酸化膜層702までイオンが注入されてしまい、作成したデバイスに雑音が発生してしまう等、特性劣化が起こってしまう。
図8を用いて本発明の第四の実施形態を示す。図8は、図2における基板電極ステージ周辺の詳細図である。801はHeガス制御板、802はHeガス導入部、803はシリコンウェーハ、804は静電チャック及びRF電力を印加するための基板電極、805はHeガス制御板の内側の排気ポート、806はHeガス制御板の外側の排気ポート、807はRF電源、808は静電チャック用DC電源(片方は正電圧、もう一方は負電圧を出力)、809は並列共振フィルタ、810はブロッキングコンデンサ、811は導電性セラミックス、812は絶縁性セラミックス、813はグランド板である。
Claims (14)
- 減圧可能な処理室と、該処理室内にプラズマを励起するプラズマ励起手段と、前記処理室内に設けられ処理基板を保持する保持台とを有し、前記保持台にRF電力を印加して前記処理基板の表面にセルフバイアス電圧を発生させ、前記プラズマ内の正イオンを加速して前記処理基板へ打ち込むイオン注入装置であり、
前記RF電力の周波数が4MHz以上であり、かつ前記RF電力をパルスで印加することで、複数回に分けてイオン注入を行うことを特徴とするイオン注入装置。 - 前記プラズマ励起手段が、100MHzから3GHzの範囲から選ばれる周波数をもつ電磁波を金属表面波として前記処理室内へ伝搬させる手段と前記処理室内にプラズマ励起用ガスを導入する手段とを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のイオン注入装置。
- 前記保持台に静電チャック機能を有し、前記静電チャック機能により前記保持台と前記処理基板との間の空間にガスを充填し、前記イオン注入時に、前記ガスの充填圧力を前記処理室内の圧力より高い圧力に設定し、
前記保持台の周辺に、前記空間から漏れた前記ガスをプラズマ励起領域へ侵入させないための遮蔽プレートが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のイオン注入装置。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入装置を用いてイオン注入を行うイオン注入方法。
- 前記保持台に印加する前記RF電力を変化させることにより、少なくとも複数のセルフバイアス電圧により前記イオン注入を行うことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のイオン注入方法。
- 前記処理基板の表面がシリコンを含む半導体結晶からなり、少なくとも第1のセルフバイアス電圧により、前記半導体結晶をアモルファス化しながら前記イオン注入を行う工程と、第2のセルフバイアス電圧により前記半導体結晶の最表面のイオン注入密度を少なくとも1×1020cm-3以上にする工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のイオン注入方法。
- 前記プラズマ励起用ガスが、注入原子のフッ化物のガスであることを特徴とする請求項4から6のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入方法。
- 前記プラズマ励起用ガスが、BF3、PF3、AsF3から成るグループの中から選ばれる少なくとも一つのガスであることを特徴とする請求項4から7のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入方法。
- 第1の半導体領域と、前記第1の半導体領域の上に形成された埋込絶縁物層と、前記埋込絶縁物層の上に形成された第2の半導体領域とを少なくとも有する基板を用いて形成される半導体装置であり、
前記第2の半導体領域は、チャネル領域とソース・ドレイン領域を有し、
前記第2の半導体領域の層の厚さが、前記チャネル領域の層の厚さに対して前記ソース・ドレイン領域の層の厚さが2倍以上となっていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記チャネル領域、前記ソース領域及び前記ドレイン領域が同一の導電型を有するアキュムレーション型であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体装置。
- 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入装置を用いて製造した半導体装置。
- 請求項4から請求項8のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入方法を用いて製造した半導体装置。
- 請求項4から請求項8のいずれか一つに記載のイオン注入方法によってイオン注入を行う工程を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
- 請求項1において、前記RF電力のパルス幅は、前記RF電力のパルス停止期間よりも短いことを特徴とするイオン注入装置。
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