WO2010055859A1 - ゲルマニウム含有高屈折率薄膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ゲルマニウム含有高屈折率薄膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010055859A1 WO2010055859A1 PCT/JP2009/069213 JP2009069213W WO2010055859A1 WO 2010055859 A1 WO2010055859 A1 WO 2010055859A1 JP 2009069213 W JP2009069213 W JP 2009069213W WO 2010055859 A1 WO2010055859 A1 WO 2010055859A1
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- refractive index
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- germanium compound
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title abstract description 62
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 150000002291 germanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
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- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- VSQYNPJPULBZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury xenon Chemical compound [Xe].[Hg] VSQYNPJPULBZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910005742 Ge—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VUQVJIUBUPPCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-bromo-2,2-diphenylethenyl)benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Br)=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VUQVJIUBUPPCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/30—Germanium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D185/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/118—Anti-reflection coatings having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high refractive index film made of a germanium-containing resin material and a method for forming the high refractive index film.
- Polymer materials and polymer thin films are used in various parts of optoelectronic devices and recording materials. They usually use a carbon-based polymer compound having a refractive index of 1.7 or less. In recent years, with an increase in the density of optoelectronic devices and an increase in the capacity of recording materials, it is necessary to apply an optical system process having a higher numerical aperture (NA). Therefore, a high refractive index is also required for such materials.
- NA numerical aperture
- Patent Document 1 It has been reported that a refractive index can be obtained (see Patent Document 1).
- a polymer material having a high refractive index can be obtained by dispersing a metal oxide, which is well known as a high refractive index substance, in a resin.
- the addition method of inorganic fine particles is to disperse high refractive index inorganic fine particles in the form of micro or nanocomposite later in a pre-synthesized resin, in order to obtain a homogeneous and non-scattering inorganic fine particle dispersed resin.
- optical waveguides which are new optoelectronic devices, and the pattern of large refractive index differences that make up photonic crystals are also increasing year by year, but there are technologies that can be achieved with simpler processes. Not known so far.
- the above-described linear germanium polymer has a problem that a volatile low molecular weight compound is generated by thermal decomposition. For this reason, attempts have been made to obtain a polymer compound composed of a Ge—Ge bond having a branched structure or a cluster structure. In recent years, however, there has been a report on a decrease in the refractive index due to the formation of Ge—O—Ge bonds by photocleavage of Ge—Ge bonds in air for polymer compounds composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a cluster structure. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is soluble in a solvent, has high moldability and film formability, and has a high refractive index of 1.8 or more, further 2.3 or more at a wavelength of 633 nm. And it aims at providing the high refractive index thin film which is chemically stable, and the manufacturing method of such a high refractive index thin film.
- a pattern-forming film consisting only of a high-refractive index crystal mainly composed of a Ge—Ge bond having a refractive index of 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less at a wavelength of 633 nm, and a refractive index difference at a wavelength of 633 nm of 0.5
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern-forming film having a very large refractive index difference of 2.0 to 2.0, and a method for producing them.
- the present inventors have obtained a chemically stable and high refractive index by firing a film made of a germanium compound in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that a thin film can be formed. That is, the present invention includes, as a first aspect, a step of producing a film made of a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond as a main chain, and a step of baking the film in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a refractive index film. As a 2nd viewpoint, it is related with the manufacturing method of the high refractive index film
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 6 , Q 7 , Q 8 and Q 9 independently represents a polymer chain forming a Ge—Ge bond, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the present invention relates to the method for producing a high refractive index film according to the first aspect or the second aspect, wherein the firing step is performed under a vacuum of less than 1 torr (1.33 ⁇ 10 2 Pa).
- the method for producing a high refractive index film according to any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect wherein the film is prepared by applying a solution of the germanium compound to a substrate and drying the film.
- the present invention relates to the method for producing a high refractive index film according to the sixth aspect, wherein the content of the germanium compound in the germanium compound solution is 1 to 50% by mass.
- the production of the high refractive index film according to any one of the first aspect to the sixth aspect, wherein a refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm of the high refractive index film is 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less. Regarding the method.
- a refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm obtained by baking a film made of a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond as a main chain in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere is 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less.
- This relates to a high refractive index coating.
- the present invention relates to the high refractive index film according to the eighth aspect, wherein the germanium compound is a compound represented by the following formula [2].
- R ′ 1 , R ′ 2 , R ′ 3 , R ′ 4 , R ′ 5 , R ′ 6 and R ′ 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, substituted or Represents a group selected from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group;
- Q ′ 1 , Q ′ 2 , Q ′ 3 , Q ′ 4 , Q ′ 5 , Q ′ 6 , Q ′ 7 , Q ′ 8 and Q ′ 9 are each independently a polymer chain forming a Ge—Ge bond.
- a pattern-forming film comprising only a high-refractive-index crystal composed mainly of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm of 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less.
- a high refractive index region mainly composed of a Ge—Ge bond having a refractive index of 2.3 to 4.0 at a wavelength of 633 nm in the same plane has a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.
- a pattern-forming film comprising a relatively low refractive index region mainly composed of Ge—O—Ge bonds of 8 or less, each having a refractive index difference of 0.5 to 2.0.
- a step of forming a film made of a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond represented by the formula [1] or the formula [2] as a main chain, and irradiating the film with radiation for transferring a pattern The manufacturing method of the pattern formation film as described in a 10th viewpoint including the process and the process of baking this film at 400 degreeC or more under a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.
- a step of producing a film made of a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond represented by the formula [1] or the formula [2] as a main chain, and irradiating the film with radiation for transferring a pattern comprising a step and a step of baking the coating under a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere at less than 400 ° C.
- a high refractive index having a high refractive index of 1.8 or 2.3 or more at a wavelength of 633 nm and a very high stability with respect to photooxidation properties can be obtained.
- a refractive index coating can be produced. Therefore, the high refractive index film produced according to the production method of the present invention can be used for high-density materials for optoelectronic devices, large-capacity recording materials, and the like.
- the high refractive index coating of the present invention can have a high refractive index and a very high stability with respect to photooxidation.
- a pattern-forming film consisting only of a high-refractive-index crystal mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index of 2.3 to 4.0 at a wavelength of 633 nm, that is, refraction with air.
- the main component is a pattern-forming film having a refractive index difference of about 2.3 to 4.0 and a Ge—Ge bond having the same refractive index of 2.3 to 4.0 in the same plane.
- a pattern-forming film of 5 to 2.0 can be easily and easily produced. Such a very large refractive index difference pattern makes it possible to produce an optical waveguide or a photonic crystal having a large optical confinement capability.
- thermogravimetric curve in He atmosphere of the thin film (PGePh thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention It is a graph which shows the thermogravimetric curve in He atmosphere of the thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the change of the FT-IR spectrum accompanying the heat processing in the vacuum of the thin film (PGePh thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the change of the FT-IR spectrum accompanying the heat processing in the vacuum of the thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows the optical thin film physical property measuring apparatus for measuring the interference spectrum of the thin film using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention.
- the figure shows the numerical data regarding the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index and extinction coefficient of silicon attached to the optical thin film design software FilmWizard of SCI used in the measurement of the refractive index by the interference spectrum method.
- AFM measurement result line profile of the micro pattern formation film (before heat processing) produced using the thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention is shown.
- AFM measurement results FIG. 9 (a): AFM image, FIG. 9 (b)) of a micropattern-formed film (after heat treatment) produced using a thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of the embodiment of the present invention.
- Line profile The measurement result of the Raman spectrum of the micro pattern formation film (after heat processing) produced using the thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention is shown.
- the schematic diagram (a) which shows the measuring apparatus for measuring the diffraction image of the micro pattern formation film (after heat processing) produced using the thin film (PGetBu thin film) using the germanium compound of embodiment of this invention, this apparatus Shows a diffraction image (b) obtained by using Bragg and Bragg's diffraction formula (c) for calculating the grating period d.
- the germanium compound used in the production method of the present invention is a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond as a main chain, and a compound having a branched structure of Ge—Ge bond is preferable.
- each terminal is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group
- Such a germanium compound is preferably a high molecular compound having a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000, and more preferably a high molecular compound having 600 to 10,000.
- the molecular weight is less than 500, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient refractive index value, and when it exceeds 100,000, the solubility decreases.
- a preferable structure of the germanium compound is a structure represented by the following formula [1].
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Represents a group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 6 , Q 7 , Q 8 and Q 9 are each independently a polymer chain forming a Ge—Ge bond, hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy And a group selected from a group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- A, b, c, and d each independently represent an integer including 0 and satisfy a + b + c + d ⁇ 1.
- substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group the substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group in R 1 to R 7 and Q 1 to Q 9
- R 1 to R 7 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. It is a hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 to R 7 are more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a hydrocarbon group a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, most preferably an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, Cyclopentyl group.
- Q 1 to Q 9 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted group. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Q 1 to Q 9 are more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a hydrocarbon group a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, most preferably an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, Cyclopentyl group.
- a film made of a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond as a main chain is obtained by using the method of [Method for producing a high refractive index film] described later, and the refractive index at a wavelength of 633 nm is 2.3.
- the present invention also relates to a high refractive index film of 4.0 or less.
- the present invention provides a high-principal component mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index of 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less at a wavelength of 633 nm, which is obtained by using the method of [Method for producing pattern and pattern-forming film] described later.
- the high refractive index film and the high refractive index region in the present invention typically have an intended refractive index (d) value at a wavelength of 633 nm, for example, 1.8 or more, or 2.3 or more.
- a high refractive index coating or a high refractive index region corresponds.
- the film or region having a desired refractive index (d) value at a wavelength around 633 nm and having a refractive index close to that at a wavelength of 633 nm is also a high refractive index film or a high refractive index in the present invention. Corresponds to the area.
- any film or high refractive index region that has achieved a desired high refractive index (d) value at a wavelength near 633 nm may be used.
- a preferred structure of such a germanium compound is represented by the following formula [2].
- R ′ 1 , R ′ 2 , R ′ 3 , R ′ 4 , R ′ 5 , R ′ 6 and R ′ 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, substituted or unsubstituted A group selected from a substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- Q ′ 1 , Q ′ 2 , Q ′ 3 , Q ′ 4 , Q ′ 5 , Q ′ 6 , Q ′ 7 , Q ′ 8 and Q ′ 9 are each independently a polymer chain forming a Ge—Ge bond.
- A, b, c, and d each independently represent an integer including 0 and satisfy a + b + c + d ⁇ 1.
- substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R ′ 1 to R ′ 7 and Q ′ 1 to Q ′ 9 include a methyl group, Ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl Group, aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as trifluoromethyl group, trifluoropropyl group, glycidyloxypropyl group; cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclo
- R ′ 1 to R ′ 7 are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. More preferably an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, or a cyclopentyl group.
- Q ′ 1 to Q ′ 9 are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a high refractive index film Used in the method for producing a high refractive index film of the present invention, a high refractive index film, a pattern forming film consisting only of crystals having a high refractive index, a pattern forming film having a large refractive index difference, and a method for producing the pattern or pattern forming film
- the method for producing the germanium compound is not particularly limited, but as an example, a halogenated germane is used as a raw material, a Ge—Ge bond is formed as the first step, and Ge—X (X is a halogen atom) as the second step. And a step of converting the bond into a Ge—C bond (Ge—carbon atom bond).
- halogenated germane used as the raw material tetrahalogenated germane, trihalogenated germane, or dihalogenated germane can be used.
- One kind of halogenated germane may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be mixed and used.
- the step of forming a Ge—Ge bond which is the first step, can be performed, for example, by reacting the halogenated germane with each other in the presence of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- alkali metal or alkaline earth metal examples include lithium, sodium, magnesium and the like, but it is preferable to use magnesium because the reaction is mild.
- the step of converting the Ge—X bond to the Ge—C bond which is the second step described above, is a step of forming a bond between a germanium atom and a carbon atom of an organic group.
- the reaction can be carried out by reacting the Ge—X bond remaining in the obtained compound with the halogenated organic compound in the presence of magnesium metal.
- Halogenated organic compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the halogenated organic compound include aliphatic hydrocarbon halides, alicyclic hydrocarbon halides, and aromatic hydrocarbon halides.
- the halogen element of the rogenated organic compound is not particularly limited, but chloride and bromide are preferable.
- halogenated organic compounds include bromoethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-bromopropane, 2-chloropropane, 2-bromopropane, 2-chloropropene, 2-bromopropene, 3-chloropropene, 3 -Bromopropene, 1-bromo-1-propene, 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 2-bromobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, 1-bromo-2-methylpropane, 2-chloro- 2-methylpropane, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, 3-chloro-1-butene, 3-chloro-2-methylpropene, 2-bromo-2-butene, 4-bromo-1-butene, 1-chloro Pentane, 1-bromopentane, 2-chloropentane, 2-bromopentane, 3-bromopentane, 1-chloro Pent
- the second step can be performed first, followed by the first step.
- the number of branches is relatively small, and a germanium compound close to a straight chain is obtained.
- reaction solvent used in the reaction various solvents can be used as long as they do not affect the reaction.
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and dibutyl ether are preferable.
- the method for producing a high refractive index film of the present invention includes a step of producing a film made of a germanium compound and a step of baking the film in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the detailed mechanism by which the high refractive index is obtained by the production method of the present invention is unknown, but the germanium concentration increases due to the elimination of the organic group from the germanium compound during the above steps, and the germanium newly It is considered that a highly refractive thin film (coating film) is formed by the formation of germanium crystallites by the formation of germanium crystallites. That is, the film is made of a crystal having a high refractive index mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds. Moreover, it is thought that the germanium microcrystal which the coupling
- a method for forming a pattern-forming film consisting only of a crystal having a high refractive index mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index of 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less at a wavelength of 633 nm has a Ge—Ge bond as a main chain.
- the high refractive index region mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index of 2.3 to 4.0 at a wavelength of 633 nm in the same plane has the same refractive index of 1.4 to 1.8.
- a pattern forming film having a relatively low refractive index region mainly composed of a certain Ge—O—Ge bond and having a refractive index difference of 0.5 to 2.0 is the same as described above.
- the step of irradiating the coating with radiation for transferring a pattern for example, irradiation with radiation having a pattern by mask exposure or interference light exposure, followed by baking in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas atmosphere may contain a reducing gas such as hydrogen. In that case, the content of the reducing gas is preferably 1 to 10% in terms of gas partial pressure.
- the firing conditions can be controlled by the firing conditions. Specifically, by first irradiating the pattern transfer radiation, the mask exposure portion or the portion with high illuminance that enhances the light of the interference light is selectively oxidized, and the Ge—O—Ge bond is the main component. A relatively low refractive index region is formed.
- a germanium compound having a Ge—Ge bond as the main chain which is a non-mask-irradiated part or a dark part in which light is canceled out by interference light exposure, has a germanium concentration due to elimination of organic groups through a subsequent baking step.
- the germanium bond grows as a result of growth of germanium bonds, so that only a high refractive index crystal mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds having a refractive index of 2.3 or more and 4.0 or less is formed. It becomes an area.
- the region mainly composed of Ge—O—Ge bonds is not only the elimination of organic groups, but all components gradually disappear due to thermal decomposition.
- the region having a low refractive index disappears, and a region consisting only of a high refractive index crystal mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds remains.
- the film made of the germanium compound is usually produced by applying the solution of the germanium compound to a substrate and drying it.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a volatile solvent that can dissolve a germanium compound in an amount of 1% by mass or more and has a boiling point of 300 ° C. or lower. Specifically, heptane, hexane, pentane, etc.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, cumene, mesitylene, etc .; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Ketone compounds such as diethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, cyclooctanone, acetophenone, propiophenone; diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibu Ether compounds such as ether, t-butyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, anisole, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, but
- Nitrogen-containing compounds sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl methanesulfonate can be used.
- sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl methanesulfonate
- solvents toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and chlorobenzene are preferable.
- the film thickness of the obtained film becomes very thin, and a uniform highly refractive film may not be obtained by firing.
- it is 1 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or more. By setting it as 5 mass% or more, it is easy to obtain a high refractive index film having a stable film thickness.
- the concentration exceeds 50% by mass, the fluidity may be deteriorated, and this may also fail to obtain a uniform thin film. Therefore, the upper limit of the concentration is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the vacuum is preferably less than 10 torr (1.33 ⁇ 10 2 Pa), more preferably less than 1 torr (1.33 ⁇ 10 2 Pa), and the oxygen content in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the pressure is preferably less than 2.1 torr (2.80 ⁇ 10 2 Pa), more preferably less than 0.2 torr (2.67 ⁇ 10 1 Pa).
- the vacuum is more preferable because the organic group of the germanium compound is easily detached.
- the temperature in the baking step is preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature is 250 ° C. or higher. Is more preferable.
- the maximum temperature is 1,000 ° C. or lower, but when the temperature exceeds 500 ° C., the resulting film may be colored, so the temperature is preferably 500 ° C. or lower, more preferably 350 ° C. or lower.
- the firing time is preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours.
- the high refractive index film obtained according to the production method of the present invention has a refractive index of 1.8 or more at a wavelength of 633 nm, but it is extremely high from 2.3 to 4.0 by selecting the production conditions described above. A thin film having a high refractive index can be obtained. And the obtained high refractive index film has very high photooxidation tolerance.
- a formed film made of only a high refractive index crystal obtained by the production method of the present invention, or a pattern formed film having a refractive index difference of 0.5 to 2.0 has a very large refractive index difference from air. Or having a very large refractive index difference in the same plane. For this reason, application to various optical devices such as an optical waveguide and a photonic crystal having a large optical confinement capability becomes possible.
- Apparatus used for weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) Apparatus: Room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus “HLC-8220GPC” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, column manufactured by Shodex (KF804L + KF805L) -Column temperature: 40 ° C -Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran-Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min-Standard sample for preparing calibration curve: Standard polystyrene for GPC manufactured by Showa Denko KK Molecular weight 2,330,000, 723,000, 219,000, 52,200, 13 , 1,000, 1,260
- the reflected light from the optical microscope was introduced from the microscope optical fiber adapter into the optical fiber of the cooled multichannel spectrometer, and the interference spectrum was measured with reference to the silicon substrate.
- the calculation of the refractive index and film thickness of the thin film from the interference spectrum is as follows: "M. Urbanek et al, s" Instrument for thin film diagnostics by UV spectroscopic reflectometry ", Surface and Interface Analysis, 2004, vol.36, p1102-1105 A similar technique was performed by nonlinear fitting of the interference spectrum. Refractive index and film thickness were calculated by nonlinear fitting of the interference spectrum, using SCI's optical thin film design software FilmWizard and the accompanying wavelength dispersion data of the refractive index and extinction coefficient of silicon (see FIG. 6). .
- thermogravimetric analysis was performed on the obtained germanium compound (PGePh) in a helium (He) atmosphere (oxygen: 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 torr (5.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less)).
- a micro thermogravimetric measuring device “TGA-50” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used. The results are shown in FIG. According to this, a weight loss began to occur gradually from around 200 ° C., and a result indicating the elimination of the phenyl group due to thermal decomposition was obtained due to the rapid weight loss around 550 ° C.
- the obtained germanium compound (PGetBu) was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis in a helium (He) atmosphere (oxygen: 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 torr (5.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less)).
- a micro thermogravimetric measuring device “TGA-50” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used. The results are shown in FIG. According to this, a weight decrease began to occur gradually from around 150 ° C., and a result indicating the elimination of the tert-butyl group due to thermal decomposition was obtained due to the rapid weight loss around 300 ° C.
- Example 1 FT-IR measurement of a germanium compound (PGePh) thin film
- a germanium compound (PGePh) thin film was formed on a silicon substrate by a spin coating method (rotation speed: 2,000 rpm ⁇ 30 seconds).
- the sample of the silicon substrate formed as described above was placed in a quartz tube installed in a tubular electric furnace, and a turbo molecular pump (“TMH064” manufactured by PFEIFFER) and a rotary pump (“2015SD” manufactured by Alcatel) were installed.
- TMH064 turbo molecular pump
- 2015SD manufactured by Alcatel
- Table 1 shows the refractive index and film thickness at a wavelength of 633 nm before heat treatment of the thin film thus obtained, after heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes, and after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the refractive index and film thickness of the thin film were measured using the above-described interference spectrum method.
- Example 2 FT-IR measurement of a germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film
- a germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film was formed on a silicon substrate by spin coating (rotation speed: 2,000 rpm ⁇ 30 seconds).
- the sample of the silicon substrate formed as described above was placed in a quartz tube installed in a tubular electric furnace, and a turbo molecular pump (“TMH064” manufactured by PFEIFFER) and a rotary pump (“2015SD” manufactured by Alcatel) were installed.
- TMH064 turbo molecular pump
- 2015SD manufactured by Alcatel
- Example 2 The refractive index and film thickness of the thin film were measured using the interference spectrum method as in Example 1.
- FT-IR spectra were measured for the thin film thus obtained before, after heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes, and after heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes. At that time, “FT / IR-4200” manufactured by JASCO Corporation was used. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the absorbance rapidly decreased to 50% or less by the heat treatment at a temperature of 200 ° C. This corresponded to the weight loss from around 150 ° C. shown in the result of the thermogravimetric analysis (FIG. 2).
- germanium compounds having aromatic substituents (Example 1) : PGePh) shows that germanium compounds having aliphatic substituents (Example 2: PGetBu) are more likely to be thermally decomposed at lower temperatures, that is, organic substituents are eliminated from the Ge polymer skeleton at lower temperatures. It was.
- the germanium compound having an aliphatic substituent (Example 2: PGetBu) showed a remarkable increase in refractive index close to 0.4 after the heat treatment at 200 ° C. This can be said to correspond to the result that the absorbance rapidly decreased to 50% or less by the heat treatment at 200 ° C. in the FT-IR spectrum accompanying the thermogravimetric analysis and the heat treatment under vacuum. Further, as the heat treatment temperature increased, the refractive index increased to a value of around 2.5. This increase in the refractive index can be said to correspond to the measurement result of the rapid weight loss accompanying the elimination of the tert-butyl group at around 300 ° C. in the thermogravimetric analysis.
- germanium compounds From the measurement result of the change in refractive index accompanying the heat treatment under vacuum of the above two kinds of germanium compounds (PGePh) and germanium compounds (PGetBu), it has an aliphatic substituent compared to a germanium compound having an aromatic substituent. It has been shown that germanium compounds have high thermal decomposability (easy to be pyrolyzed at low temperature) and can produce a thin film having a higher refractive index by heat treatment.
- Example 3 UV irradiation and refractive index of germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film
- a thin film before heat treatment after spin coating and a thin film with a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C were prepared and obtained.
- Each thin film was irradiated with electromagnetic waves.
- ultraviolet irradiation is selected by selecting ultraviolet rays as electromagnetic waves, and a mercury xenon lamp light source (mercury xenon lamp “L2570” manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd., power supply “C4263”, lamp house “E7536”) and a color filter (Sigma Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- UV irradiation was performed using “UTVA-330” (manufactured by 230 to 420 nm region).
- the irradiation power density at the time of irradiation was 6 mW / cm 2 in all cases.
- the refractive index of each of these thin films was measured by the interference spectrum method. The result of the refractive index measured for each irradiation time is shown in FIG.
- the PGetBu thin film (FIG. 7a) after the spin coating and before the heat treatment has a refractive index decrease of 0.2 due to light irradiation for 30 minutes, and a refractive index decreased to 1.52.
- the PGetBu thin film (FIG. 7b) heat-treated at 300 ° C. under vacuum maintained a high refractive index value of 2.5 or more even after 30 minutes of light irradiation.
- Example 4 Creation of a film in which a pattern of a germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film was formed A germanium compound (by a similar operation as in Synthesis Example 2) with a content of 10% by mass with respect to a toluene solvent ( A solution of PGetBu) was prepared, and a germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film was formed on a quartz substrate by spin coating (rotation speed: 2,000 rpm ⁇ 30 seconds).
- a mercury xenon lamp light source (mercury xenon lamp “L2570” manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd., power supply “C4263”, lamp house “E7536”) is passed through a photomask (2.5 ⁇ m line and space) on this germanium compound (PGetBu) thin film. Irradiation was performed at an illuminance of 26 mW / cm 2 for 30 minutes to form a micropattern composed of a germanium oxide (PGetBu) portion in the light irradiated portion and a portion mainly composed of germanium oxide in the light irradiated portion.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of a line profile obtained by measuring the film pattern by AFM.
- the film thickness was found to be 351 nm (light irradiated part) and 368 nm (light non-irradiated part) before and after light irradiation, respectively, and germanium oxide of the light irradiated part was the main component.
- the increase in film thickness due to light irradiation of the portion was 17 nm. This almost coincided with the AFM measurement result (20 nm) shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows the AFM image (FIG. 9 (a)) and line profile (FIG. 9 (b)) results obtained by measuring the pattern of the heat-treated film thus obtained by AFM.
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the Raman spectrum of the film line and space after heat treatment. As shown in FIG. 10, it was confirmed that crystallization of germanium in the unirradiated portion (line) was progressing.
- the characteristics of the pattern obtained by mixing the region mainly composed of Ge—O—Ge bonds and the region mainly composed of Ge—Ge bonds thus obtained are confirmed.
- a very strong diffraction image (see FIG. 11B) induced by a large refractive index extending to the third or higher order was confirmed, and it was confirmed that a diffraction grating was formed.
- the grating period d of the obtained diffraction image is calculated from the Bragg diffraction equation shown in FIG. 11 (c)
- the grating period is found to be 5.0 ⁇ m, and the photomask (2.5 ⁇ line & space) for creating this pattern is obtained. ).
- the high refractive index film produced according to the present invention is soluble in a solvent, has high moldability and film formability, has a high refractive index of 1.8 or more, and further 2.3 or more, and is chemically stable. Therefore, it is useful as a material for high-density optoelectronic devices and a large-capacity recording material, and a method for forming such a high refractive index film is industrially useful.
- a film formed only with a crystal having a high refractive index obtained according to the present invention or a film having a refractive index difference of 0.5 to 2.0 has a very large refractive index difference. It is useful as a material for various optical devices such as optical waveguides, photonic crystals, microlenses, and optical diffraction gratings.
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Abstract
Description
さらなる高屈折率化を目的として、金属の酸化物の微粒子をポリマー中に分散させた高屈折率樹脂組成物が提案されている。例えば、アリルエーテルイソフタレート樹脂(屈折率1.56)にジルコニア(ZrO2)微粒子(バルク状態で屈折率は2.1)を50重量%分散させた分散体においては、計算上1.83の屈折率が得られることが報告されている(特許文献1参照)。
このように高屈折率物質としてよく知られている金属の酸化物を樹脂に分散させることにより、高屈折率の高分子材料が得られることは知られているが、均質膜を得るためには無機微粒子の添加量に限界があり、従って得られる屈折率の高さにも限界があった。
また、無機微粒子の添加手法は、あらかじめ合成した樹脂に後から高屈折率の無機微粒子をマイクロあるいはナノコンポジットの形で分散させるというものであり、均質で散乱のない無機微粒子分散樹脂を得るためには、無機微粒子の粒径や無機ナノ粒子表面を修飾する有機置換基に関しての精密な制御が必要とされていた(特許文献2参照)。
さらに、波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン形成被膜、そして波長633nmにおける屈折率差が0.5から2.0である非常に大きな屈折率差を有するパターン形成被膜、およびこれらの製造方法を提供する事を目的とする。
すなわち、本発明は、第1観点として、Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する工程を含む、高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第2観点として、前記ゲルマニウム化合物が下記式[1]で表される化合物である、第1観点に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第3観点として、前記焼成する工程が、1torr(1.33×102Pa)未満の真空下で行なわれる、第1観点又は第2観点に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第4観点として、前記焼成する工程が、焼成温度200℃乃至500℃で行なわれる、請求項1乃至請求項3のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第5観点として、前記被膜が、前記ゲルマニウム化合物の溶液を基板に塗布し、乾燥して作製される、第1観点乃至第4観点のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第6観点として、前記ゲルマニウム化合物の溶液における前記ゲルマニウム化合物の含有量が1乃至50質量%である、第6観点に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第7観点として、前記高屈折率被膜の波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下である、第1観点乃至第6観点のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法に関する。
第8観点として、Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を、真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成して得られる、波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下の高屈折率被膜に関する。
第9観点として、前記ゲルマニウム化合物が下記式[2]で表される化合物である、第8観点に記載の高屈折率被膜に関する。
Q'1、Q'2、Q'3、Q'4、Q'5、Q'6、Q'7、Q'8及びQ'9はそれぞれ独立に、Ge-Ge結合を形成する高分子鎖、あるいは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基及び脂環式炭化水素基から選択される基を表し、そして、
a、b、c、及びdはそれぞれ独立に、0を含む整数を表し、且つ、a+b+c+d≧1を満たすものである。)
第10観点として、波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン形成被膜。
第11観点として、同一面内に波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の領域と同屈折率が1.4以上1.8以下であるGe-O-Ge結合を主成分とする相対的に低屈折率の領域からなり、それぞれの屈折率差が0.5から2.0であるパターン形成被膜。
第12観点として、前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する工程を含む、第10観点又は第11観点に記載のパターン形成被膜。
第13観点として、前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下400℃以上で焼成する工程を含む、第10観点に記載のパターン形成被膜の製造方法。
第14観点として、前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下400℃未満で焼成する工程を含む、第11観点に記載の被膜の製造方法。
従って、本発明の製造方法に従い製造された高屈折率被膜は、高密度な光電子デバイス用材料や大容量記録材料などへ利用できる。
そして本発明の高屈折率被膜は、高い屈折率を有し、且つ、光酸化性に対して非常に高い安定性を有するものとすることができる。
[ゲルマニウム化合物]
本発明の製造方法で用いるゲルマニウム化合物はGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物であり、Ge-Ge結合の分岐構造を有する化合物が好ましい。また、その各末端が、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換もしくは無置換の脂環式炭化水素基及び置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素基のうちの一種であることが好ましい。
またQ1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8及びQ9はそれぞれ独立に、Ge-Ge結合を形成する高分子鎖、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環式炭化水素基及び芳香族炭化水素基から選択される基を表す。
そしてa、b、c、及びdはそれぞれ独立に、0を含む整数を表し、且つ、a+b+c+d≧1を満たすものである。
前記R1乃至R7は、より好ましくは、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環式炭化水素基であり、更に好ましくは置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂環式炭化水素基であり、最も好ましくはn-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロペンチル基である。
前記Q1乃至Q9は、より好ましくは、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環式炭化水素基であり、更に好ましくは置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂環式炭化水素基であり、最も好ましくはn-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロペンチル基である。
なお本発明における高屈折率被膜、並びに高屈折率の領域には、代表的には、波長633nmにおいて所期の屈折率(d)値、例えば1.8以上あるいは2.3以上を有するところの高屈折率の被膜又は高屈折率の領域が相当する。また、633nm前後の近傍波長において所期の屈折率(d)値を達成し、波長633nmにおいてもそれに近い屈折率を有するところの被膜又は領域も、本発明における高屈折率被膜又は高屈折率の領域に該当する。要は、633nm付近の波長において、所期の高い屈折率(d)値を達成している被膜又は高屈折率の領域であればよい。
このようなゲルマニウム化合物の好ましい構造は、即ち、下記式[2]で表される。
Q'1、Q'2、Q'3、Q'4、Q'5、Q'6、Q'7、Q'8及びQ'9はそれぞれ独立に、Ge-Ge結合を形成する高分子鎖、あるいは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基及び置換もしくは無置換の脂環式炭化水素基から選択される基を表す。
そして、a、b、c、及びdはそれぞれ独立に、0を含む整数を表し、且つ、a+b+c+d≧1を満たすものである。
また、前記Q’1乃至Q’9は、好ましくは、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子数が2乃至8の脂環式炭化水素基であり、より好ましくはn-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロペンチル基である。
本発明の高屈折率被膜の製造方法、高屈折率被膜、高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン形成被膜、大きな屈折率差を有するパターン形成被膜、並びに該パターン又はパターン形成被膜の製造方法において用いられるゲルマニウム化合物の製造方法は特に限定されないが、一例として、ハロゲン化ゲルマンを原料とし、第一の工程としてGe-Ge結合を形成する工程と、第二の工程としてGe-X(Xはハロゲン原子を表す)結合をGe-C結合(Ge-炭素原子結合)に変換する工程とを経て合成することができる。
ここで使用するアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の例としては、例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム等が挙げられるが、反応が穏やかであるためマグネシウムを用いるのが好ましい。
[高屈折率被膜の製造方法]
本発明の高屈折率被膜の製造方法は、ゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する工程を含むものである。
本発明の製造方法によって高い屈折率が得られる詳細なメカニズムについては不明であるが、上記工程を経る中で、ゲルマニウム化合物から有機基が脱離することでゲルマニウム濃度が上昇し、新たにゲルマニウム同士の結合が形成し、更にゲルマニウム同士の結合が成長してゲルマニウム微結晶が生成することで高屈折な薄膜(被膜)が形成されるものと考えられる。すなわちGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶からなる被膜である。また、ゲルマニウム同士の結合が増加したゲルマニウム微結晶は、非常に高い耐酸化性を与えると考えられる。即ち、膜中にゲルマニウム微結晶が生成することによって酸化耐性が高まるとみている。そのため本発明の方法によって製造された被膜は、光の照射によって引き起こされるゲルマニウムの酸化に対しても非常に高い耐性(光酸化耐性)を有する、安定性の高い高屈折率被膜となる。
一方、波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン形成被膜の形成方法は、Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程、例えばマスク露光、あるいは干渉光露光によりパターンを有する放射線を照射し、その後真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成して得られる。
また、同一面内に波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の領域と同屈折率が1.4以上1.8以下であるGe-O-Ge結合を主成分とする相対的に低屈折率の領域からなり、それぞれの屈折率差が0.5から2.0であるパターン形成被膜の形成方法は、上記同様に、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程、例えばマスク露光、あるいは干渉光露光によりパターンを有する放射線を照射し、その後真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成して得られる。なお、不活性ガス雰囲気は、水素等の還元性ガスを含んでいてもよく、その場合、還元性ガスの含有量はガス分圧で1乃至10%であることが好ましい。
詳細には、まずパターンを転写する放射線を照射することによって、マスク露光部あるいは干渉光同士の光の強めあう照度の大きい部分を選択的に酸化させ、Ge-O-Ge結合を主成分とする相対的に低屈折率の領域を形成する。一方、マスク未照射部分、あるいは干渉光露光で光が打ち消し合った暗部である、Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物は、その後の焼成工程を経て有機基が脱離することでゲルマニウム濃度が上昇し、更にゲルマニウム同士の結合が成長してゲルマニウム微結晶が生成することで屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなる領域となる。
この焼成工程において、400℃以上で焼成した場合、Ge-O-Ge結合を主成分とする領域は、有機基の脱離だけでなく全ての成分が熱分解によって徐々に消失し、すなわち、相対的に低屈折率である領域は消失し、Ge-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなる領域が残る。
一方、400℃未満で焼成した場合、Ge-O-Ge結合を主成分とする領域において、有機基の脱離が優先して起こるため、時間条件により形成量は異なるものの、同一面内に屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-O-Ge結合を主成分とする領域とGe-Ge結合を主成分とする領域とが混在したパターンが得られる。
上記の溶媒の中でも、好ましくは、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼンである。
・装置:東ソー株式会社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置「HLC-8220GPC」、Shodex社製カラム(KF804L+KF805L)
・カラム温度:40℃
・溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
・流速:1.0ml/分
・検量線作成用標準サンプル:昭和電工株式会社製 GPC用標準ポリスチレン 分子量2,330,000、723,000、219,000、52,200、13,000、1,260
干渉スペクトル法による屈折率の測定には図5に示す装置を使用した。なお、光学顕微鏡、顕微鏡光ファイバーアダプター、分光器は以下のものを使用した。
・光学顕微鏡:オリンパス株式会社製「BX51M」
・顕微鏡光ファイバーアダプター:浜松ホトニクス株式会社製「A6399」
・冷却型マルチチャンネル分光器(CCD部:アンドール株式会社製「DV 401-BV」、分光器部:ORIEL社製「MS257」)
フラスコ中で四塩化ゲルマニウム(6.83g)及び脱水テトラヒドロフラン(80ml)を窒素雰囲気下で攪拌しながらマグネシウム(6.22g)を添加し、温度10℃で1時間攪拌しながら反応させた。その後、ブロモベンゼン(5.02g)を添加して温度10℃で1時間攪拌しながら反応させ、再度ブロモベンゼン(5.02g)を添加して温度10℃で1時間、温度50℃で2時間攪拌しながら反応させた。さらにその後、室温(温度25℃)で一昼夜攪拌しながら反応させた。反応液をメタノール中に沈殿させ、ろ過分離した。この再沈殿精製によりゲルマニウム化合物(PGePh)を得た。PGePhの重量平均分子量は1,130であり、分子量分布は2.22であった。
フラスコ中で四塩化ゲルマニウム(6.83g)及び脱水テトラヒドロフラン(80ml)を窒素雰囲気下で攪拌しながらマグネシウム(6.22g)を添加し、温度10℃で1時間攪拌しながら反応させた。その後、tert-ブチルブロミド(4.38g)を添加して温度10℃で1時間攪拌しながら反応させ、再度tert-ブチルブロミド(4.38g)を添加して温度10℃で1時間、温度50℃で2時間攪拌しながら反応させた。さらにその後、室温(温度25℃)で一昼夜攪拌しながら反応させた。反応液をメタノール中に沈殿させ、ろ過分離した。この再沈殿精製によりゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)を得た。PGetBuの重量平均分子量は2,862であり、分子量分布は1.65であった。
トルエン溶媒に対して、含有量が10質量%となるように、合成例1と同様にして得られたゲルマニウム化合物(PGePh)の溶液を調製し、シリコン基板上にゲルマニウム化合物(PGePh)薄膜をスピンコート法(回転数2,000rpm×30秒間)によって成膜した。次に、管状電気炉内に設置した石英管の中に、前記の成膜したシリコン基板の試料を設置し、ターボ分子ポンプ(PFEIFFER社製「TMH064」)とロータリーポンプ(アルカテル社製「2015SD」)からなる真空排気装置を用い、5×10-6torr(6.67×10-4Pa)を超える真空度までの真空排気を行った。その後、20℃/分の昇温速度で、温度200℃、温度300℃の各温度まで昇温した後、それぞれの温度で30分の加熱処理を行った。
こうして得られた薄膜の熱処理前、200℃30分の加熱処理後及び300℃30分の加熱処理後における波長633nmにおける屈折率と膜厚を表1に示す。なお、薄膜の屈折率と膜厚の測定は上述した干渉スペクトル法を用いて測定した。
図3に示すとおり、熱処理前の薄膜と200℃加熱処理後の薄膜との間でのスペクトルの違いは少なく、200℃までの温度ではフェニル基の熱分解による脱離が顕著には起こらないことが示された。
また前述の熱重量分析の結果(図1)で示された200℃付近からの重量減少に対応して、300℃加熱処理後の薄膜のFT-IRスペクトルにおいては、フェニル基のC-Hに帰属される吸光度において約25%の減少が観測された。
トルエン溶媒に対して、含有量が10質量%となるように、合成例2と同様にして得られたゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)の溶液を調製し、シリコン基板上にゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)薄膜をスピンコート法(回転数2,000rpm×30秒間)によって成膜した。次に、管状電気炉内に設置した石英管の中に、前記の成膜したシリコン基板の試料を設置し、ターボ分子ポンプ(PFEIFFER社製「TMH064」)とロータリーポンプ(アルカテル社製「2015SD」)からなる真空排気装置も用い、5×10-6torr(6.67×10-4Pa)を超える真空度までの真空排気を行った。その後、20℃/分の昇温速度で、温度200℃、温度300℃の各温度まで昇温した後、それぞれの温度で30分の加熱処理を行った。
こうして得られた薄膜の熱処理前、200℃30分の加熱処理後及び300℃30分の加熱処理後における波長633nmにおける屈折率と膜厚を表2に示す。なお、薄膜の屈折率と膜厚の測定は実施例1と同様に干渉スペクトル法を用いて測定した。
図4に示すとおり、温度200℃での加熱処理によって、吸光度は50%以下に急激に減少した。これは、前述の熱重量分析の結果(図2)で示された150℃付近からの重量減少に対応するものであった。
さらに熱処理温度の上昇に伴い、屈折率は2.5前後の値に増加した。この屈折率の増加は、上記の熱重量分析において、300℃付近でのtert-ブチル基の脱離に伴う急激な重量減少の測定結果に対応するものといえる。
実施例1と同様の方法で得られたスピンコート後の熱処理前の薄膜について、屈折率を干渉スペクトル法(干渉スペクトルの非線形フィッティング)及びプリズムカプラ法で測定した。プリズムカプラ法による屈折率の測定には、メトリコン社製の膜厚・屈折率測定装置(Model 2010 プリズムカプラ)を使用し633nmのHe-Neレーザーの波長での測定を行った。得られた結果を表3に示す。
表3に示すように、干渉スペクトル法及びプリズムカプラ法により得られる屈折率及び膜厚の測定値はほぼ同等であった。この結果により、干渉スペクトルのフィッティングから求める屈折率及び膜厚の測定値の信頼性が確認された。
実施例2と同様の操作で、スピンコート後の熱処理前の薄膜と、加熱処理温度300℃の薄膜を作成し、得られた薄膜の夫々に電磁波を照射した。ここで紫外線照射は、電磁波として紫外線を選択し、水銀キセノンランプ光源(浜松ホトニクス株式会社製 水銀キセノンランプ「L2570」、電源「C4263」、ランプハウス「E7536」)及びカラーフィルター(シグマ光機株式会社製「UTVA-330」、230~420nm域透過)を用いて紫外線照射を行った。照射時の照射パワー密度はいずれも6mW/cm2であった。これら各薄膜の屈折率を干渉スペクトル法により測定した。照射時間毎に測定した屈折率の結果を図7に示す。
図7に示すとおり、スピンコート後の熱処理前のPGetBu薄膜(図7a)は、30分の光照射によって0.2の屈折率の減少が起こり、1.52までの低屈折率化が起こっているのに対して、真空下300℃で熱処理したPGetBu薄膜(図7b)は、30分の光照射によっても、2.5以上の高い屈折率の値を保持していた。
トルエン溶媒に対して、含有量が10質量%となるように、合成例2と同様の操作で得られたゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)の溶液を調製し、石英基板上にゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)薄膜をスピンコート法(回転数2,000rpm×30秒間)によって成膜した。このゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)薄膜にフォトマスク(2.5μmライン&スペース)を介し、水銀キセノンランプ光源(浜松ホトニクス株式会社製 水銀キセノンランプ「L2570」、電源「C4263」、ランプハウス「E7536」)を26mW/cm2の照度で30分間照射し、光照射部の酸化ゲルマニウムを主成分とした部分と未照射部のゲルマニウム化合物(PGetBu)部分からなるマイクロパターンを形成した。図8に膜のパターンをAFMで測定したラインプロファイルの結果を示す。
これの膜厚を触針段差計によって測定したところ、膜厚は光照射前後でそれぞれ351nm(光照射部)、368nm(光未照射部)と求まり、光照射部の酸化ゲルマニウムを主成分とした部分の光照射による膜厚増加幅は17nmであった。これは図8に示すAFM測定結果(20nm)とほぼ一致した。
図9にこうして得られた熱処理後の膜のパターンをAFMで測定したAFMイメージ(図9(a))及びラインプロファイル(図9(b))結果を示す。
また、図10には、熱処理後の膜のラインとスペース部分のラマンスペクトルの測定結果を示す。図10に示すように、未照射部分(ライン)のゲルマニウムの結晶化が進んでいる事が確認できた。
また、本発明に従い得られる高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン、或いは、屈折率差が0.5から2.0であるパターンが形成された被膜は、非常に大きな屈折率差を有することから、光導波路、フォトニック結晶、マイクロレンズ、光回折格子等、種々の光デバイスの材料として有用である。
Claims (14)
- Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する工程を含む、高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記ゲルマニウム化合物が下記式[1]で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記焼成する工程が、1torr(1.33×102Pa)未満の真空下で行なわれる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記焼成する工程が、焼成温度200℃乃至500℃で行なわれる、請求項1乃至請求項3のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記被膜が、前記ゲルマニウム化合物の溶液を基板に塗布し、乾燥して作製される、請求項1乃至請求項4のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記ゲルマニウム化合物の溶液における前記ゲルマニウム化合物の含有量が1乃至50質量%である、請求項5に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- 前記高屈折率被膜の波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下である、請求項1乃至請求項6のうちいずれか一項に記載の高屈折率被膜の製造方法。
- Ge-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を、真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成して得られる、波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下の高屈折率被膜。
- 前記ゲルマニウム化合物が下記式[2]で表される化合物である、請求項8に記載の高屈折率被膜。
Q'1、Q'2、Q'3、Q'4、Q'5、Q'6、Q'7、Q'8及びQ'9はそれぞれ独立に、Ge-Ge結合を形成する高分子鎖、あるいは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の脂肪族炭化水素基及び脂環式炭化水素基から選択される基を表し、そして、
a、b、c、及びdはそれぞれ独立に、0を含む整数を表し、且つ、a+b+c+d≧1を満たすものである。) - 波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の結晶のみからなるパターン形成被膜。
- 同一面内に波長633nmにおける屈折率が2.3以上4.0以下であるGe-Ge結合を主成分とする高屈折率の領域と同屈折率が1.4以上1.8以下であるGe-O-Ge結合を主成分とする相対的に低屈折率の領域からなり、それぞれの屈折率差が0.5から2.0であるパターン形成被膜。
- 前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する工程を含む、請求項10又は請求項11に記載のパターン形成被膜。
- 前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下400℃以上で焼成する工程を含む、請求項10に記載のパターン形成被膜の製造方法。
- 前記式[1]又は前記式[2]で表されるGe-Ge結合を主鎖とするゲルマニウム化合物からなる被膜を作製する工程、該被膜にパターンを転写する放射線を照射する工程及び該被膜を真空下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下400℃未満で焼成する工程を含む、請求項11に記載の被膜の製造方法。
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US11866584B2 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2024-01-09 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | High-refractive-index composition, high-refractive-index film, and method for manufacturing high-refractive-index film |
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