WO2009151412A1 - Method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body - Google Patents
Method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009151412A1 WO2009151412A1 PCT/UA2009/000017 UA2009000017W WO2009151412A1 WO 2009151412 A1 WO2009151412 A1 WO 2009151412A1 UA 2009000017 W UA2009000017 W UA 2009000017W WO 2009151412 A1 WO2009151412 A1 WO 2009151412A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1116—Determining posture transitions
- A61B5/1117—Fall detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/04—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons
- G08B21/0438—Sensor means for detecting
- G08B21/0446—Sensor means for detecting worn on the body to detect changes of posture, e.g. a fall, inclination, acceleration, gait
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
Definitions
- the proposed method can be used in control systems designed for detecting the critical position and indicating the change of the position of a human being body over a short time interval, within which the physiological state of the human being may significantly change so that substantial medical assistance would be required.
- the method provides a possibility to monitor the state of solitary people, specifically solitary aged people, or invalids that live in isolated rooms or within remote areas without attendance.
- This method has disadvantages that are discussed below.
- This disadvantage makes it difficult to introduce the method. Access to the data base, search of data in the data base, and comparison of the current waveform of the output signal of the accelerometer with the specified waveforms require the availability of complex equipment.
- the falling of the human being in certain unpredicted conditions is associated with the unique time and amplitude characteristics of the output signal of the accelerometer, so the waveforms of the output signal would not be represented by the corresponding data in the data base.
- the unique time and amplitude characteristics of the output signal of the accelerometer may be in the conditions of the falling that are caused by movements of the human being, collision of the human being with an obstacle, unsuccessful settling of the human being in a chair, or another event. In such conditions, the no-coincidence state detected when comparing the waveform of the output signal of the accelerometer with the specified waveforms represented by the corresponding data in the data base would be considered as the absence of the critical position of the human being body.
- the temperature measurement may increase the probability of detection only in the event when a temperature sensor is attached to the human being body, so the proposed method is limited due to the necessity to use additional equipment for temperature measurement. Additionally, the critical change, specifically the decrease, of the human being body temperature is possible only within a certain period of time. As a result, the alarm signal that indicates the critical position of the human being body may be generated too late, that is, when medical assistance for the human being is unnecessary.
- This method does not allow the reliable proofs of the falling of the patient to be obtained and is based on using indicators that require the subsequent insufficiently formal multiple-factor analysis of the indicators in combination with additional data that can be analyzed by the physician only when the data are being generated, so the analysis is possible only in hospital conditions.
- the mandatory measurement of one the physiological parameters of the patient that is required for confirming the critical position of the patient limits the range of possible critical positions that can be detected, specifically in the conditions when the physical state of a healthy invalid or an aged human being with difficulties in movement is monitored. In this case, the critical position of the patient may not be accompanied with cardiac problems.
- the maximum values of the output signal of each of the accelerometers may correspond to different movements of the parts of the human being body and objects on the body, including also movements that are possible in the falling of the human being. Such movements may be caused by that the body parts and the objects on the body compose an insufficiently rigid system and have some degrees of freedom. For this reason, the method does not allow the falling of the human being to be detected reliably as the maximum values of the output signals of the accelerometers and the coincidence of the maximal signal values may be caused by uncritical independent movements of the parts of the human being body or objects on the body.
- This method does not ensure sufficient accuracy in detecting the critical position of a human being body because some movements of the body are not associated with the falling of the human being.
- the uncritical movements that can be confused with the movements that correspond to the falling of the human being include, for example, uncoordinated movements of an aged human being or an invalid, which are caused by the collision of the aged human being or invalid with an obstacle, unsuccessful settling of the aged human being or invalid in a chair, or another event. These movements induce changes in the output signal of the accelerometer that can be taken for the changes corresponding to the falling.
- the output signal of the accelerometer may have maximum values that do not correspond to the critical positions of the human being body but exceed the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees.
- the critical positions of the human being body that may be considered as the uncritical ones when analyzing the maximum values of the output signal of the accelerometer include, for example, the position that is possible in the hindered falling of the human being or when the human being attempts to remain on his feet in collision with an obstacle.
- the maximum values of the output signal of the accelerometer may be induced by the movements of the accelerometer relative to the human being body that are possible because the accelerometer is attached to the body without sufficient rigidity.
- the proposed method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body is distinctive by using new, empirically supported combinations of the output signals of the accelerometer.
- the use of such signal combinations makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the detection due to reducing the effect of the nonlinear characteristics of the accelerometer and the nonuniform accelerations of the human being body or parts of the body as a result of movements of the human being with varying velocity, change of the direction of movement, or collision of the human being with an obstacle.
- the proposed method consists in using an accelerometer as a sensor for detecting the critical position of the human body, attaching the accelerometer to the human being body, monitoring the position of the human being body by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer, and detecting the specified maximum value of the output signal of the accelerometer followed by the value of the output signal that is constant over the specified time interval.
- the proposed method is distinctive by performing the following operations: determining, before attaching the accelerometer to the human body, the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees; monitoring the output signal of the accelerometer attached to the human being body for detecting two sequential time intervals, each of length no less than 2 s, within which the output signal value is constant or varies by a value that does not exceed the noise signal level; determining the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; determining the value of the change of the constant component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; indicating the falling of the human being if the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the double difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the second accelerometer differing
- Figure shows the time charts of the output signals of the accelerometers when detecting the critical position of the human being body according to the proposed method.
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Abstract
The proposed method can be used in control systems for detecting the fall of a person. The method monitors the state of solitary aged people, or invalids that live in isolated rooms or within remote areas without attendance. The method uses an accelerometer as a sensor for detecting the critical position of the person, attaches the accelerometer to the person, monitors the position of the person by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer, and detects the specified maximum value of the output signal of the accelerometer followed by the value of the output signal that is constant over the specified time interval. The method uses new, combinations of the output signals of the accelerometer, which permits to increase the accuracy of the detection reducing the effect of by nonlinear characteristics its and the nonuniform accelerations of the person as a result of velocity change, change of the direction, or collision with an obstacle.
Description
METHOD FOR DETECTING THE CRITICAL POSITION IN
ORIENTATION AND INDICATING THE CHANGE OF THE POSITION OF A HUMAN BEING BODY
The proposed method can be used in control systems designed for detecting the critical position and indicating the change of the position of a human being body over a short time interval, within which the physiological state of the human being may significantly change so that substantial medical assistance would be required. The method provides a possibility to monitor the state of solitary people, specifically solitary aged people, or invalids that live in isolated rooms or within remote areas without attendance.
It is known the method for detecting the critical position of a human being body (WO 2007057692; G08B 21/04, G08B 21/22, G08B 21/00; May 24, 2005) that consists in performing the following operations: using an accelerometer as a sensor for detecting the critical position; attaching the accelerometer to the human being body; establishing a data base for storing the data corresponding to the specified waveforms of the output signal of the accelerometer that characterize the potential critical positions of the human being body; monitoring the position of the human being body by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer; comparing the current waveform of the output signal with the specified waveforms represented by the corresponding data read out from the data base; indicating the falling of the human being if the current waveform of the output signal coincides with the specified waveform within a certain time interval; and confirming the conclusion that the falling of the human being is associated with the critical position of the human being body by measuring the temperature of the human being body. This method has disadvantages that are discussed below.
First, it is necessary to establish, for each controlled human being, a data base for storing the data corresponding to the specified waveforms of the output signal of the accelerometer that characterize the potential critical positions of the human being body. This disadvantage makes it difficult to introduce the method. Access to the data base, search of data in the data base, and comparison of the current waveform of the output signal of the accelerometer with the specified waveforms require the availability of complex equipment.
Additionally, it is possible that the falling of the human being in certain unpredicted conditions is associated with the unique time and amplitude characteristics of the output signal of the accelerometer, so the waveforms of the output signal would not be represented by the corresponding data in the data base. The unique time and amplitude characteristics of the output signal of the accelerometer may be in the conditions of the falling that are caused by movements of the human being, collision of the human being with an obstacle, unsuccessful settling of the human being in a chair, or another event. In such conditions, the no-coincidence state detected when comparing the waveform of the output signal of the accelerometer with the specified waveforms represented by the corresponding data in the data base would be considered as the absence of the critical position of the human being body. Second, the temperature measurement may increase the probability of detection only in the event when a temperature sensor is attached to the human being body, so the proposed method is limited due to the necessity to use additional equipment for temperature measurement. Additionally, the critical change, specifically the decrease, of the human being body temperature is possible only within a certain period of time. As a result, the alarm signal that indicates the critical position of the human being body may be generated too late, that is, when medical assistance for the human being is unnecessary.
It is known the method for monitoring the physical state of a patient in a hospital (US 6160478; A61B 5/11, G08B 5/22, G08B 21/04, A61B 5/00, A61B 5/021, A61B 5/024; December 12, 2000) that consists in performing the following operations:
using an accelerometer as a sensor for monitoring the position of the patient; attaching the accelerometer to the patient body; monitoring the position of the patient body by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer; detecting the vertical, horizontal, or intermediate position of the human being body; detecting the specified acceleration of the patient body; measuring, additionally, one of the physiological parameters of the patient, such as, for example, cardiac arrhythmia; and determining the critical position of the patient by using the obtained data in combination with other indicators of the falling of the patient.
This method does not allow the reliable proofs of the falling of the patient to be obtained and is based on using indicators that require the subsequent insufficiently formal multiple-factor analysis of the indicators in combination with additional data that can be analyzed by the physician only when the data are being generated, so the analysis is possible only in hospital conditions.
The mandatory measurement of one the physiological parameters of the patient that is required for confirming the critical position of the patient limits the range of possible critical positions that can be detected, specifically in the conditions when the physical state of a healthy invalid or an aged human being with difficulties in movement is monitored. In this case, the critical position of the patient may not be accompanied with cardiac problems.
It is known the method for detecting the critical position of a human being body (WO 2006101587; G08B 23/00; September 28, 2009) that consists in performing the following operations: using three accelerometers, each of which is designed for measuring the acceleration of the human being body at a certain point of the body in one of three coordinate planes; attaching the aforesaid accelerometers to the human being body;
monitoring the position of the human being body by analyzing the output signals of the accelerometers corresponding to the movements of the human being in three coordinate planes; determining the sum of squares of the current maximum values of the output signals of all the accelerometers that coincide in time; and indicating the falling of the human being if the aforesaid sum of squares of the maximum values is equal to or exceeds the specified threshold value. This method has the disadvantage that is discussed below.
It is evident, that the maximum values of the output signal of each of the accelerometers may correspond to different movements of the parts of the human being body and objects on the body, including also movements that are possible in the falling of the human being. Such movements may be caused by that the body parts and the objects on the body compose an insufficiently rigid system and have some degrees of freedom. For this reason, the method does not allow the falling of the human being to be detected reliably as the maximum values of the output signals of the accelerometers and the coincidence of the maximal signal values may be caused by uncritical independent movements of the parts of the human being body or objects on the body. It is also known the method for detecting the critical position of a human being body (US 6433690; A61B 5/11, G08B 5/22, G08B 21/04; August 13, 2002) that consists in performing the following operations: using an accelerometer as a sensor for monitoring the position of the human being body; attaching the accelerometer to the human being body; monitoring the output signal of the accelerometer for detecting a section of the output signal with a constant value over a specified time interval of length no less than 2 s; and indicating the falling of the human being if the aforesaid time interval of 2 s is preceded by the change of the output signal value of the accelerometer over a time
interval of length no more than 0,335 s, provided that the position of the human being body within the aforesaid time interval of 0,335 s is changed by no less than 50 degrees.
This method does not ensure sufficient accuracy in detecting the critical position of a human being body because some movements of the body are not associated with the falling of the human being.
In most cases, falling of a human being may occur not on a plane surface but in a room or another premise with various obstacles. In these conditions, the uncritical movements that can be confused with the movements that correspond to the falling of the human being include, for example, uncoordinated movements of an aged human being or an invalid, which are caused by the collision of the aged human being or invalid with an obstacle, unsuccessful settling of the aged human being or invalid in a chair, or another event. These movements induce changes in the output signal of the accelerometer that can be taken for the changes corresponding to the falling. Due to the nonlinearity of the gain-transfer characteristic of the accelerometer, the output signal of the accelerometer may have maximum values that do not correspond to the critical positions of the human being body but exceed the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees. The critical positions of the human being body that may be considered as the uncritical ones when analyzing the maximum values of the output signal of the accelerometer include, for example, the position that is possible in the hindered falling of the human being or when the human being attempts to remain on his feet in collision with an obstacle. The maximum values of the output signal of the accelerometer may be induced by the movements of the accelerometer relative to the human being body that are possible because the accelerometer is attached to the body without sufficient rigidity. The proposed method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body is distinctive by using new,
empirically supported combinations of the output signals of the accelerometer. The use of such signal combinations makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the detection due to reducing the effect of the nonlinear characteristics of the accelerometer and the nonuniform accelerations of the human being body or parts of the body as a result of movements of the human being with varying velocity, change of the direction of movement, or collision of the human being with an obstacle. The proposed method consists in using an accelerometer as a sensor for detecting the critical position of the human body, attaching the accelerometer to the human being body, monitoring the position of the human being body by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer, and detecting the specified maximum value of the output signal of the accelerometer followed by the value of the output signal that is constant over the specified time interval. The proposed method is distinctive by performing the following operations: determining, before attaching the accelerometer to the human body, the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees; monitoring the output signal of the accelerometer attached to the human being body for detecting two sequential time intervals, each of length no less than 2 s, within which the output signal value is constant or varies by a value that does not exceed the noise signal level; determining the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; determining the value of the change of the constant component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; indicating the falling of the human being if the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the double difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of
the second accelerometer differing by 90 degrees, and if the value of the change of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the noise signal level no less than twice. The use of the aforesaid signal combinations makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the detection due to reducing the effect of the nonlinear characteristics of the accelerometer and the nonuniform accelerations of the human being body or parts of the body as a result of movements of the human being with varying velocity, change of the direction of movement, or collision of the human being with obstacles, unsuccessful settling of the human being in a chair, or another event. The proposed method is illustrated by Figure.
Figure shows the time charts of the output signals of the accelerometers when detecting the critical position of the human being body according to the proposed method.
The embodiment of the method
The embodiment of the proposed method is illustrated by the time charts shown in Figure. According to the embodiment, the following operations are performed:
1. Determining the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer to be used that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees (parameter a = 90° in Figure).
2. Specifying the threshold value of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer, which is determined as the double value of the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of each of two accelerometers that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees (stage I in Figure).
3. Attaching the accelerometer to the human being body.
4. Monitoring the output signal of the accelerometer for detecting two sequential time intervals, each of length no less than 2 s, (sections "2 s" of the time chart shown
in Figure) within which the output signal value is constant or varies by a value that does not exceed the noise signal level.
5. Determining the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s. 6. Determining the value of the change (parameter C in Figure) of the constant component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s.
7. Indicating the falling of the human being if the amplitude (parameter b > 2a in
Figure) of the alternating component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the double difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees, and if the value of the change (C) of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the noise signal level no less than twice.
Claims
The method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body that consists in using an accelerometer as a sensor for detecting the critical position, attaching the accelerometer to the human being body, monitoring the position of the human being body by analyzing the output signal of the accelerometer, and detecting the specified maximum value of the output signal of the accelerometer followed by the value of the output signal that is constant over the specified time interval, which is distinctive by performing the following operations: determining, before attaching the accelerometer to the human body, the difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees; monitoring the output signal of the accelerometer attached to the human being body for detecting two sequential time intervals, each of length no less than 2 s, within which the output signal value is constant or varies by a value that does not exceed the noise signal level; determining the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; determining the value of the change of the constant component of the output signal between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s; indicating the falling of the human being if the amplitude of the alternating component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the double difference of the values of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer that are measured at two stable positions of the accelerometer differing by 90 degrees, and if the value of the change of the constant component of the output signal of the accelerometer between the aforesaid time intervals of 2 s exceeds the noise signal level no less than twice.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| UAU200811545 | 2008-06-12 | ||
| UA2008011545 | 2008-06-12 |
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| WO2009151412A1 true WO2009151412A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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| PCT/UA2009/000017 WO2009151412A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2009-04-29 | Method for detecting the critical position in orientation and indicating the change of the position of a human being body |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015043546A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | 胡琨 | Method and apparatus for tumble detection of human body, and mobile terminal system |
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| US20010004234A1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2001-06-21 | Petelenz Tomasz J. | Elderly fall monitoring method and device |
| US20050110648A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2005-05-26 | Ilife Systems, Inc. | System and method for detecting motion of a body |
| US20070277586A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Three-axial acceleration sensor inspection device and method of inspecting three-axial acceleration sensor |
-
2009
- 2009-04-29 WO PCT/UA2009/000017 patent/WO2009151412A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010004234A1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2001-06-21 | Petelenz Tomasz J. | Elderly fall monitoring method and device |
| US20050110648A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2005-05-26 | Ilife Systems, Inc. | System and method for detecting motion of a body |
| US20070277586A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Three-axial acceleration sensor inspection device and method of inspecting three-axial acceleration sensor |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015043546A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | 胡琨 | Method and apparatus for tumble detection of human body, and mobile terminal system |
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